CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB" class="no-js"> <head><style>img.lazy{min-height:1px}</style><link rel="preload" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/plugins/w3-total-cache/pub/js/lazyload.min.js" as="script"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/xmlrpc.php">  <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <title>February 2020 – CORE</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CORE » Feed" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CORE » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blog.core.ac.uk\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentyfifteen-jetpack-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/11.9.3/modules/theme-tools/compat/twentyfifteen.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css' type='text/css'> .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/7d6b1.css" media="all" /> <style id='ez-toc-inline-css' type='text/css'> div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title {font-size: 120%;}div#ez-toc-container p.ez-toc-title {font-weight: 500;}div#ez-toc-container ul li {font-size: 95%;}div#ez-toc-container nav ul ul li ul li {font-size: %!important;} .ez-toc-container-direction {direction: ltr;}.ez-toc-counter ul {direction: ltr;counter-reset: item;}.ez-toc-counter nav ul li a::before {content: counter(item, numeric) ". ";margin-right: .2em; counter-increment: item;flex-grow: 0;flex-shrink: 0;float: left; }.ez-toc-widget-direction {direction: ltr;}.ez-toc-widget-container ul {direction: ltr;counter-reset: item;}.ez-toc-widget-container nav ul li a::before {content: counter(item, numeric) ". ";margin-right: .2em; counter-increment: item;flex-grow: 0;flex-shrink: 0;float: left; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='twentyfifteen-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans%3A400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%7CNoto+Serif%3A400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%7CInconsolata%3A400%2C700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/11.9.3/_inc/genericons/genericons/genericons.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/b09a7.css" media="all" /> <style id='twentyfifteen-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Custom Sidebar Text Color */ .site-title a, .site-description, .secondary-toggle:before { color: #b75400; } .site-title a:hover, .site-title a:focus { color: #b75400; /* Fallback for IE7 and IE8 */ color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.7); } .secondary-toggle { border-color: #b75400; /* Fallback for IE7 and IE8 */ border-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.1); } .secondary-toggle:hover, .secondary-toggle:focus { border-color: #b75400; /* Fallback for IE7 and IE8 */ border-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.3); } .site-title a { outline-color: #b75400; /* Fallback for IE7 and IE8 */ outline-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.3); } @media screen and (min-width: 59.6875em) { .secondary a, .dropdown-toggle:after, .widget-title, .widget blockquote cite, .widget blockquote small { color: #b75400; } .widget button, .widget input[type="button"], .widget input[type="reset"], .widget input[type="submit"], .widget_calendar tbody a { background-color: #b75400; } .textwidget a { border-color: #b75400; } .secondary a:hover, .secondary a:focus, .main-navigation .menu-item-description, .widget, .widget blockquote, .widget .wp-caption-text, .widget .gallery-caption { color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.7); } .widget button:hover, .widget button:focus, .widget input[type="button"]:hover, .widget input[type="button"]:focus, .widget input[type="reset"]:hover, .widget input[type="reset"]:focus, .widget input[type="submit"]:hover, .widget input[type="submit"]:focus, .widget_calendar tbody a:hover, .widget_calendar tbody a:focus { background-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.7); } .widget blockquote { border-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.7); } .main-navigation ul, .main-navigation li, .secondary-toggle, .widget input, .widget textarea, .widget table, .widget th, .widget td, .widget pre, .widget li, .widget_categories .children, .widget_nav_menu .sub-menu, .widget_pages .children, .widget abbr[title] { border-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.1); } .dropdown-toggle:hover, .dropdown-toggle:focus, .widget hr { background-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.1); } .widget input:focus, .widget textarea:focus { border-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.3); } .sidebar a:focus, .dropdown-toggle:focus { outline-color: rgba( 183, 84, 0, 0.3); } } </style>   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/1881d.css" media="all" /> <style id='ecae-frontend-inline-css' type='text/css'> .ecae-button { display: inline-block !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/9210e.css" media="all" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_css-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/11.9.3/css/jetpack.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ez-toc-scroll-scriptjs-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(document).ready(function(){document.querySelectorAll(".ez-toc-section").forEach(t=>{t.setAttribute("ez-toc-data-id","#"+decodeURI(t.getAttribute("id")))}),jQuery("a.ez-toc-link").click(function(){let t=jQuery(this).attr("href"),e=jQuery("#wpadminbar"),i=0;30>30&&(i=30),e.length&&(i+=e.height()),jQuery('[ez-toc-data-id="'+decodeURI(t)+'"]').length>0&&(i=jQuery('[ez-toc-data-id="'+decodeURI(t)+'"]').offset().top-i),jQuery("html, body").animate({scrollTop:i},500)})}); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <style>.cmplz-hidden { display: none !important; }</style><style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-color: #f5f5f5; } </style>  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="February 2020 – CORE" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="CORE" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" />  <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-favicon-270x270.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">.legal_requirements { list-style-type: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .legal_requirements li { margin-bottom: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-bottom: 1px solid #F8EEE7; } .legal_requirements a { text-decoration: none; color: #B75400; font-family: "Noto Serif", serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; }</style><script> // Opt-out function function gaOptout() { document.cookie = disableStr + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStr] = true; } // Set to the same value as the web property used on the site var gaProperty = 'UA-66779096-1'; // Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. var disableStr = 'ga-disable-' + gaProperty; if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStr + '=true') > -1) { window[disableStr] = true; } // Now load GA. Tracking beacon will not be sent if user has opted out (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-66779096-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </head> <body class="archive date custom-background"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <div id="sidebar" class="sidebar"> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="site-branding"> <p class="site-title"> <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/" rel="home"> <img class="lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/twentyfifteen-child/images/core_logo.png" alt="CORE" /> </a> </p> <button class="secondary-toggle">Menu and widgets</button> </div> </header>  <div id="secondary" class="secondary"> <div id="widget-area" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2025/02/03/core-presents-sofair-project-at-unesco/">CORE presents SoFAIR project at UNESCO</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/12/13/core-receives-funding-from-microsofts-open-data-initiative/">CORE receives funding from Microsoft’s Open Data Initiative</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/11/12/introducing-the-sdg-classification-module-for-the-core-dashboard/">Introducing the SDG Classification Module for the CORE Dashboard</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/10/14/core-welcomes-university-of-glasgow-as-a-sustaining-member/">CORE welcomes University of Glasgow as a sustaining member</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/10/01/the-core-rights-retention-statement-tracker/">The CORE Rights Retention Statement tracker</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="block-3" class="widget widget_block widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" action="https://blog.core.ac.uk/" class="wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search" ><label class="wp-block-search__label" for="wp-block-search__input-1" >Search</label><div class="wp-block-search__inside-wrapper " ><input class="wp-block-search__input" id="wp-block-search__input-1" placeholder="" value="" type="search" name="s" required /><button aria-label="Search" class="wp-block-search__button wp-element-button" type="submit" >Search</button></div></form></aside><aside id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h2 class="widget-title">Recent Comments</h2><ul id="recentcomments"><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://www.arl.org/day-in-review/day-in-review-january-16-18/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Day in Review (January 16–18) - Association of Research Libraries</a></span> on <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/01/18/university-of-chicago-adopts-cores-article-deduplication-tool/#comment-120">University of Chicago adopts CORE’s article deduplication tool</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://www.arl.org/day-in-review/day-in-review-november-13-16/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Day in Review (November 13–16) - Association of Research Libraries</a></span> on <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/11/07/sofair-the-open-university-to-coordinate-new-international-project-to-facilitate-the-reproducibility-of-research-studies/#comment-119">SoFAIR: The Open University to coordinate new international project to facilitate the reproducibility of research studies</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Petr Knoth</span> on <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/03/02/core-welcomes-10-new-members/#comment-113">CORE welcomes 10 new members</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://purl.org/g3om4c" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">George Macgregor</a></span> on <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/03/02/core-welcomes-10-new-members/#comment-112">CORE welcomes 10 new members</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="https://lib.uct.ac.za/digitalservices" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Niklas Zimmer</a></span> on <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/11/07/1419/#comment-111">CORE to become an independent Open Access service from August 2023</a></li></ul></aside><aside id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widget-title">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2025/02/'>February 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/12/'>December 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/11/'>November 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/10/'>October 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/09/'>September 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/06/'>June 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/05/'>May 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/04/'>April 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/03/'>March 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/02/'>February 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2024/01/'>January 2024</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/12/'>December 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/11/'>November 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/10/'>October 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/08/'>August 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/07/'>July 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/06/'>June 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/04/'>April 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2023/03/'>March 2023</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/11/'>November 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/10/'>October 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/09/'>September 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/06/'>June 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/05/'>May 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/04/'>April 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/03/'>March 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/02/'>February 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2022/01/'>January 2022</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/10/'>October 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/09/'>September 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/08/'>August 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/07/'>July 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/06/'>June 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/04/'>April 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/03/'>March 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2021/02/'>February 2021</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/12/'>December 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/11/'>November 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/10/'>October 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/09/'>September 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/08/'>August 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/07/'>July 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/06/'>June 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/05/'>May 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/04/'>April 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/03/'>March 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/' aria-current="page">February 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/01/'>January 2020</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2019/12/'>December 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2019/11/'>November 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2019/10/'>October 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2019/07/'>July 2019</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2018/12/'>December 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2018/03/'>March 2018</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2017/12/'>December 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2017/11/'>November 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2017/10/'>October 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2017/05/'>May 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2017/02/'>February 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2017/01/'>January 2017</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2016/12/'>December 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2016/10/'>October 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2016/07/'>July 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2016/06/'>June 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2016/04/'>April 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2016/01/'>January 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2015/12/'>December 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2015/10/'>October 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2015/09/'>September 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2015/03/'>March 2015</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2014/03/'>March 2014</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2013/07/'>July 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2013/06/'>June 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2013/05/'>May 2013</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/11/'>November 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/07/'>July 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/06/'>June 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/05/'>May 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/04/'>April 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/03/'>March 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2012/02/'>February 2012</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/12/'>December 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/09/'>September 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/08/'>August 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/07/'>July 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/06/'>June 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/05/'>May 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/04/'>April 2011</a></li> <li><a href='https://blog.core.ac.uk/2011/03/'>March 2011</a></li> </ul> </aside><aside id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/aggregation/">aggregation</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-120"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/ambassador/">ambassador</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-81"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/api/">API</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/conferences/">conferences</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/core/">CORE</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-234"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/core-membership/">CORE Membership</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-183"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/coreupdate/">COREupdate</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-173"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/dashboard/">dashboard</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-58"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/dataset/">dataset</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/discovery/">discovery</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-246"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/events/">Events</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-86"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/growth/">growth</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/harvesting/">harvesting</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-240"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/hype/">Hype</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-177"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/integration/">Integration</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-241"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/news/">News</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/newsletter/">newsletter</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-223"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/on-merrit/">ON-MERRIT</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-243"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/projects/">Projects</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-51"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/recommender/">recommender</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/repositories/">repositories</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-82"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/sdk/">SDK</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-203"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/statistics/">statistics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/uncategorised/">Uncategorised</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-217"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/webinar/">webinar</a> </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h2 class="widget-title">Meta</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/core-admin/">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-gb.wordpress.org/">WordPress.org</a></li> </ul> </aside><aside id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><ul class="legal_requirements"> <li><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/privacy-notice/" class="core_privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/accessibility-statement/" class="core_accessibility_statement">Accessibility Statement</a></li> </ul></aside><aside id="block-7" class="widget widget_block"></aside> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <a href="http://core.ac.uk" class="content-link">← Back to the CORE Portal</a> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title">Month: <span>February 2020</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-1001" class="post-1001 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-aggregation category-core category-dataset category-growth category-harvesting tag-core tag-data tag-dataset tag-enrichment"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/25/core-raises-repository-data-quality-by-consolidating-information-from-external-datasets/" rel="bookmark">CORE raises repository data quality by consolidating information from external datasets</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="ecae" style=""> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="791" height="670" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20791%20670'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/data-data-dat-ada.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1002 lazy"/></figure> <p> Read about our work on going beyond mirroring content from our data providers to improve data quality. In our latest <a href="https://scholarlycommunications.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2020/02/24/core-raises-repository-data-quality-by-consolidating-information-from-external-datasets/">blog post</a>, we present how we link <a href="https://core.ac.uk/data/">CORE data</a> to complementary scholarly sources and databases including <a href="https://www.crossref.org/">Crossref</a>, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/microsoft-academic-graph/">MAG</a>, and <a href="https://orcid.org/">ORCID</a>. </p> </div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on </span><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/25/core-raises-repository-data-quality-by-consolidating-information-from-external-datasets/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-02-25T10:42:16+00:00">25th February 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-02-25T10:47:09+00:00">25th February 2020</time></a></span><span class="byline"><span class="author vcard"><span class="screen-reader-text">Author </span><a class="url fn n" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/author/admin/">CORE Admin</a></span></span><span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/aggregation/" rel="category tag">aggregation</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/core/" rel="category tag">CORE</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/dataset/" rel="category tag">dataset</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/growth/" rel="category tag">growth</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/harvesting/" rel="category tag">harvesting</a></span><span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/core/" rel="tag">core</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/data/" rel="tag">data</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/dataset/" rel="tag">dataset</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/enrichment/" rel="tag">enrichment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-990" class="post-990 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-core category-discovery category-recommender tag-application tag-core tag-discovery tag-open-access tag-recommender"> <header class="entry-header"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/11/are-you-an-ios-user-access-scientific-articles-in-your-device-without-hitting-a-paywall/" rel="bookmark">Are you an iOS user? Access scientific articles in your device without hitting a paywall</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="ecae" style=""> <p class="has-text-align-justify">Another year has passed and left a lot of good news, investigations and developments for CORE. Today we would like to tell you about one of them – <a href="https://www.oahelper.org">Open Access (OA) Helper</a>, an application developed for iOS mobile devices by <a href="https://twitter.com/ClausWolf">Claus Wolf</a>. We asked Claus to tell us how he came up with the OA Helper and here is what he answered. </p> <p><strong><em>When, where and why did you decide to develop OA Helper app? </em></strong> </p> <p>In October 2018, I learned about how open access discovery services connect users to legal Open Access copies of otherwise paywalled articles. The available plugins weren’t available for Safari, my preferred browser, so I decided to give creating one a try.<span class="ecae-button ecae-buttonskin-none" style="text-align:left" > <a class="ecae-link" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/11/are-you-an-ios-user-access-scientific-articles-in-your-device-without-hitting-a-paywall/"><span>read more...</span></a></span></p></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="posted-on"><span class="screen-reader-text">Posted on </span><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/11/are-you-an-ios-user-access-scientific-articles-in-your-device-without-hitting-a-paywall/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2020-02-11T11:09:22+00:00">11th February 2020</time><time class="updated" datetime="2020-02-11T11:09:30+00:00">11th February 2020</time></a></span><span class="byline"><span class="author vcard"><span class="screen-reader-text">Author </span><a class="url fn n" href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/author/admin/">CORE Admin</a></span></span><span class="cat-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/core/" rel="category tag">CORE</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/discovery/" rel="category tag">discovery</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/category/recommender/" rel="category tag">recommender</a></span><span class="tags-links"><span class="screen-reader-text">Tags </span><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/application/" rel="tag">application</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/core/" rel="tag">core</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/discovery/" rel="tag">discovery</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/open-access/" rel="tag">open access</a>, <a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/tag/recommender/" rel="tag">recommender</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://blog.core.ac.uk/2020/02/11/are-you-an-ios-user-access-scientific-articles-in-your-device-without-hitting-a-paywall/#comments">1 Comment<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Are you an iOS user? Access scientific articles in your device without hitting a paywall</span></a></span> </footer> </article> </main> </section> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-info"> <div class="license"> <p> <a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license"><img class="lazy" style="float:right;" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201%201'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="License"></a> </p> <div style="display: inline;" xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" about="http://creativecommons.org"> <p> <small> Except where otherwise noted, content on <span href="http://blog.core.ac.uk" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">this site</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="subfoot"> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license </a>. </small> </p> </div> </div> <a href="https://wordpress.org/">Proudly powered by WordPress</a> </div> </footer> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ r3f5x9JS=escape(document['referrer']); hf4N='7beb553fabaae94af2c717c8abc85525'; hf4V='665ed5c7fc926bb1bac51491497b8b73'; jQuery(document).ready(function($){var e="#commentform, .comment-respond form, .comment-form, #lostpasswordform, #registerform, #loginform, #login_form, #wpss_contact_form";$(e).submit(function(){$("<input>").attr("type","hidden").attr("name","r3f5x9JS").attr("value",r3f5x9JS).appendTo(e);return true;});var h="form[method='post']";$(h).submit(function(){$("<input>").attr("type","hidden").attr("name",hf4N).attr("value",hf4V).appendTo(h);return true;});}); /* ]]> */ </script>  <div id="cmplz-cookiebanner-container"><div class="cmplz-cookiebanner cmplz-hidden banner-1 banner-a optin cmplz-bottom-right cmplz-categories-type-view-preferences" aria-modal="true" data-nosnippet="true" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-labelledby="cmplz-header-1-optin" aria-describedby="cmplz-message-1-optin"> <div class="cmplz-header"> <div class="cmplz-logo"></div> <div class="cmplz-title" id="cmplz-header-1-optin">Manage Consent</div> <div class="cmplz-close" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Close dialogue"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" class="svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-divider-header"></div> <div class="cmplz-body"> <div class="cmplz-message" id="cmplz-message-1-optin">To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behaviour or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.</div>  <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> </span> Always active </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> </div> </details> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Manage options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Manage services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Manage {vendor_count} vendors</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">Read more about these purposes</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">Manage consent</button> </div><script async src="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/95d78.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="twentyfifteen-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var screenReaderText = {"expand":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">expand child menu<\/span>","collapse":"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">collapse child menu<\/span>"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script async src="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/41ea3.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var complianz = {"prefix":"cmplz_","user_banner_id":"1","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"","banner_version":"19","version":"7.2.0","store_consent":"","do_not_track_enabled":"","consenttype":"optin","region":"uk","geoip":"","dismiss_timeout":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","soft_cookiewall":"","dismiss_on_scroll":"","cookie_expiry":"365","url":"https:\/\/blog.core.ac.uk\/wp-json\/complianz\/v1\/","locale":"lang=en&locale=en_GB","set_cookies_on_root":"","cookie_domain":"","current_policy_id":"34","cookie_path":"\/","categories":{"statistics":"statistics","marketing":"marketing"},"tcf_active":"","placeholdertext":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content","css_file":"https:\/\/blog.core.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/complianz\/css\/banner-{banner_id}-{type}.css?v=19","page_links":{"uk":{"cookie-statement":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/blog.core.ac.uk\/2025\/02\/03\/core-presents-sofair-project-at-unesco\/"}}},"tm_categories":"","forceEnableStats":"","preview":"","clean_cookies":"","aria_label":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script defer src="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/4407c.js"></script> <script src='https://stats.wp.com/e-202507.js' defer></script> <script> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ 'view', {v:'ext',blog:'160721468',post:'0',tz:'0',srv:'blog.core.ac.uk',j:'1:11.9.3'} ]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '160721468', '0' ]); </script> <script>window.w3tc_lazyload=1,window.lazyLoadOptions={elements_selector:".lazy",callback_loaded:function(t){var e;try{e=new CustomEvent("w3tc_lazyload_loaded",{detail:{e:t}})}catch(a){(e=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent("w3tc_lazyload_loaded",!1,!1,{e:t})}window.dispatchEvent(e)}}</script><script async src="https://blog.core.ac.uk/wp-content/cache/minify/1615d.js"></script> </body> </html>