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From the humble stethoscope of 100 years ago to the complex image processing of today's X-ray machines to the wearable fitness and implantable medical devices of today, medical electronics has a significant impact on individuals and society overall. And the expectations of what may be available in the future present formidable design challenges to the engineer.</span></p><br><p class="x_4886f134 x_3b27255f"><span class="x_7b2817bf">Perhaps more than many other fields, medical electronics represents an application area where analog meets digital and where the demand for accurate and smaller and smaller modules are required to build less obtrusive medical devices. To that end, this classroom offers fundamental articles on analog-to-digital converters, as well as key factors to consider when choosing the PCB materials that are so critical to packaging. Two FAQ articles not only present the fascinating history of magnetic resonance imaging but delve into the physics and the blend of diverse technologies that have enabled it to evolve. As in other classrooms, this training center presents reference designs that provide the foundation for you to create devices — in this case, ultrasound scanners, CPAP machines, ECGs, and wearable fitness and activity monitors.</span></p><p class="x_4886f134 x_3b27255f"><span class="x_7b2817bf"><br></span></p><p class="x_4886f134 x_3b27255f"><span class="x_7b2817bf">So, yes…Learn More.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-463"> <div class="contents cropped item-block" data-at="image-cropp"> <img class="item-content-box item-block image " data-at="image" alt="" src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214681-43139868-250x250-aimee-k.jpg" srcset="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214682-43139868-500x500-aimee-k.jpg 2x" > </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute headline " id="element-465" data-at="headline"> <div class="contents"> <h3> <span class="x_0d91ddff x_d32da229"><span class="x_2237cc08">Aimee Kalnoskas</span></span> </h3> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-466" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_c5f0bf77"><span class="x_2237cc08">Editor in Chief, EE World Online</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget social item-absolute " id="element-646"> <div class="tiles horizontal" data-at="social-tiles"> <div class="social-item"><a class="twitter-share-button" href="https://www.eeworldonline.com/medical-technology?text=" data-at="social-twitter">Tweet</a></div> <div class="social-item"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="IN/Share" data-at="social-linkedin"></script> </div> <div class="social-item"><div class="fb-share-button" data-href="https://www.eeworldonline.com/medical-technology" data-layout="box_count" data-size="small" data-mobile-iframe="true"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.facebook.com%2Fdocs%2Fplugins%2F&src=sdkpreparse" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore" 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item-absolute" data-at="section-border"></div> <div class="section-holder-overlay item-block item-absolute" data-at="section-overlay"></div> <div class="section-block"> <div class="section-inner section-fit section-relative"> <div class="widget item-absolute headline " id="element-481" data-at="headline"> <div class="contents"> <h1> <span class="x_eb0060c7 x_6ee82066">Medical</span> </h1> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-482" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_bcbce646 x_efd3fa39">Analog-to-Digital Converters   •   PCB Materials</p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-478"> <div class="contents shape box figure " data-at="shape" ></div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-484"> <div class="contents shape box figure " data-at="shape" ></div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-488"> <div class="contents shape box figure " data-at="shape" ></div> </div> <div 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src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mM89h8AApEBx2iaqpQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214698-47739845-197x95x404x95x0x0-Figure-1-Part2.jpg" data-retina-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214698-47739845-394x190x808x190x0x0-Figure-1-Part2.jpg" > </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-493" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_7b2817bf">Choosing PCB materials to optimize applications, Part 2</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-485" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">Sigma Delta ADC <br>vs SAR vs Pipeline</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-479" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">Practical points for ADCs</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-489" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">Choosing PCB materials to optimize applications, Part 1</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-480" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">The variety of families of ADCs each have their strengths and weaknesses that must be considered from an application perspective.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-486" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">The next step after familiarizing yourself with the fundamentals of an ADC is to know your entire signal chain well.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-494" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">Have you ever wondered which type of PCB materials would be worth investing in to improve signal integrity?</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-490" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">From rugged construction for harsh environments to flexibility for wearables — PCB materials matter.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-496"> <a href="https://www.analogictips.com/practical-points-analog-digital-converters/" id="link-tz0ugxcfyi" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-tz0ugxcfyi > More </a> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-497"> <a href="https://www.analogictips.com/considerations-choosing-sigma-delta-adc-vs-sar-vs-pipeline/" id="link-gg68836iae" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-gg68836iae > More </a> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-498"> <a href="https://www.microcontrollertips.com/choosing-pcb-materials-to-optimize-applications-part-i/" id="link-482atmdlg49" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-482atmdlg49 > More </a> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-499"> <a href="https://www.microcontrollertips.com/choosing-pcb-materials-to-optimize-applications-part-ii/" id="link-xj8sxpehr8k" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-xj8sxpehr8k > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-relative " id="page-block-v18p58dqkt" data-at="section"> <div class="section-holder-border item-block item-absolute" data-at="section-border"></div> <div class="section-holder-overlay item-block item-absolute" data-at="section-overlay"></div> <div class="section-block"> <div class="section-inner section-fit section-relative"> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-relative " id="page-block-fyd9b66d5s2ocshfq7kg1fw29" data-at="section"> <div class="section-holder-border item-block item-absolute" data-at="section-border"></div> <div class="section-holder-overlay item-block item-absolute" data-at="section-overlay"></div> <div class="section-block"> <div class="section-inner section-fit section-relative"> <div class="widget item-absolute headline " id="element-750" data-at="headline"> <div class="contents"> <h1> <span class="x_eb0060c7 x_6ee82066"><span class="x_3528f91f">Medical</span></span><span class="x_eb0060c7 x_6ee82066"><span class="x_3528f91f"><br></span></span> </h1> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-755" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_bcbce646 x_efd3fa39">Battery Charging   •   MRI   •   Pulse Oximetry</p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-749"> <div class="contents shape box figure " data-at="shape" ></div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " 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data-at="image-cropp"> <img class="item-content-box item-block image img-lazy" data-at="image" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mM89h8AApEBx2iaqpQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214713-47740120-204x115x221x115x12x0-awarepoint-sized.jpg" data-retina-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214714-47740120-408x230x442x230x24x0-awarepoint-sized.jpg" > </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-793"> <div class="contents cropped item-block" data-at="image-cropp"> <img class="item-content-box item-block image img-lazy" data-at="image" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mM89h8AApEBx2iaqpQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214715-47740580-167x138-WHTH-FAQ-MRI-Pt1-Fig.png" data-retina-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214716-47740580-334x276-WHTH-FAQ-MRI-Pt1-Fig.png" > </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-796"> <div class="contents cropped item-block" data-at="image-cropp"> <img class="item-content-box item-block image img-lazy" data-at="image" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mM89h8AApEBx2iaqpQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214719-47740660-188x138-WHTH-FAQ-MRI-Pt2-Fig.png" data-retina-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214720-47740660-376x276-WHTH-FAQ-MRI-Pt2-Fig.png" > </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-752" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">Battery self-discharge and designing for long life</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-759" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">Blood oxygen meters: background and fundamentals</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-797" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">MRI: Development — and lawsuits</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-794" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">MRI: How it works</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-753" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">Battery chemistries each have special qualities that can make certain cells impractical for varying IoT apps.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-795" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">An explanation of the basic operating principles of magnetic resonance imaging.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-798" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">A look at the physics and other advances that led to the MRI as we know it.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-760" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">It is now trivial and non-invasive to measure blood-oxygen saturation SpO2, thanks to LEDs, algorithms, and ICs for pulse oximetry.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-754"> <a href="https://www.powerelectronictips.com/battery-self-discharge-and-designing-for-long-life/" id="link-pos7dquaart" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-pos7dquaart > More </a> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-791"> <a href="https://www.analogictips.com/magnetic-resonance-imaging-part-1-how-it-works-faq/" id="link-0d1vhswtcsv4" target="_blank" class="url-link btn 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section-relative"> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-742"> <div class="contents cropped item-block" data-at="image-cropp"> <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com" class="url-link item-content-box item-block" id="link-sk51ahh5ju" data-at="image-link" data-link-sk51ahh5ju target="_blank" > <img class="item-content-box item-block image img-lazy" data-at="image" alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mM89h8AApEBx2iaqpQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214707-43172852-504x64-EngineersGarage-logo.png" data-retina-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214708-43172852-1008x128-EngineersGarage-logo.png" > </a> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-799" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_bcbce646 x_efd3fa39">Ultrasound   •    Microcontroller Projects </p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-506"> <div 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src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mM89h8AApEBx2iaqpQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" data-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214692-47740950-180x127x183x128x0x0-lm35-pin-out-orig.png" data-retina-src="//v.fastcdn.co/t/6f5f942d/3dbbafea/1692214694-47740950-360x254x366x256x0x0-lm35-pin-out-orig.png" > </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-513" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">LM35 temperature sensor working principles</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-507" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_faad26e1">Ultrasound imaging</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-508" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">That "what is" behind ultrasound imaging, how is it created, and how it works.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute paragraph " id="element-514" data-at="paragraph"> <div class="contents"> <p class="x_0d0d8539"><span class="x_816a1881">Steps and tutorial showing how to easily interface LM35 temperature sensor with MCUs.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-523"> <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/contributions/ultrasound-imaging-or-ultrasonography/" id="link-4irjnirib7w" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-4irjnirib7w > More </a> </div> <div class="widget item-absolute " id="element-524"> <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/knowledge_share/lm35-description-and-working-principal/" id="link-68d5mphdolm" target="_blank" class="url-link btn item-block" data-at="button" data-link-68d5mphdolm > More </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="section section-relative " id="page-block-tf98gqx3hol" data-at="section"> <div 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