MRI: Imaging Living Tissue - NSF Impacts | NSF

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data-footer-caption-credit-src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/image_credit_caption_block_130x78_/s3/media_hub/MRI_Impact_Stories_Page_Hero_Image_Template_1920x1080.jpg?VersionId=Oz.x3VHLEaiVM6GTCVQd3kwh9Qw8bm9k&itok=FCZyVqGx" data-caption="Left: Visualization of entire mouse brain showing whole brain interconnectivity, with colored streamlines indicating the direction of white matter tracts. Data were acquired with MRI using a technique called diffusion weighted imaging. Center: A woman laying down inside an MRI machine. Right: A collection of images of an MRI brain scan." data-credit="Left: Sean Foxley, Department of Radiology, University of Chicago. Center: Shutterstock. Right: Adobe Stock." data-component-id="nsf_theme:hero"> <picture class="hero__media hero__image"> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero/s3/media_hub/MRI_Impact_Stories_Page_Hero_Image_Template_1920x1080.jpg.webp?VersionId=HsGU4RKnMNnkMVHRaTc2MNssR1KbUumy&itok=cGI6URx2" media="(min-width: 1204px)" type="image/webp" /> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero_medium/s3/media_hub/MRI_Impact_Stories_Page_Hero_Image_Template_1920x1080.jpg.webp?VersionId=bb2DT2xSUGfZpLMtCmpwYwqUA7_nNTcY&itok=AZGuZs9S" media="(min-width: 580px)" type="image/webp" /> <img class="hero__image-image" src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/hero_small/s3/media_hub/MRI_Impact_Stories_Page_Hero_Image_Template_1920x1080.jpg.webp?VersionId=pngT6phzFMW9jSZ1K3Aj4aaT89BKwJzx&itok=7u8lLyHV" alt="A composite image. Left image is a colorful MRI imagine of a mouse brain. Center image of a woman laying down inside of an MRI machine. Right image is a collection of images of an MRI brain scan." /> </picture> <span class="hero__overlay"></span> <div class="hero hero--default hero--style-dynamic-image-overlay hero--media-type-image"> <div class="hero__content hero__content--default "> <div class="hero__content-inner"> <div class="hero__meta"> </div> <h1 class="hero__title hero-heading">MRI: Imaging Living Tissue</h1> <div class="hero__tagline"> One of the most widely used medical imaging technologies is rooted in decades of NSF-powered research. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero-credit-caption__wrapper"> <div class="hero-credit-caption"> <div class="hero-credit-caption__content"> <span aria-hidden="true"> <div class="icon__camera"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3.2" fill="#005EA2" /><path d="M9 2L7.17 4H4c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2h-3.17L15 2H9zm3 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fill="none"/><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 4l-8 5-8-5V6l8 5 8-5v2z" fill="#0076D6"/></svg></span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="body-1"><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a cornerstone of modern medicine, allowing doctors to detect and diagnose numerous medical conditions, from tumors and traumatic injuries to certain heart problems.</p><p>But did you know that the U.S. National Science Foundation helped lay the groundwork for this widespread technology?</p></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-gray layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-40-60 full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="image block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" class="block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" data-media-id="38580"> <div class="image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/shutterstock_569046016.jpg.webp?VersionId=hLogp8ntJdS479Y.N2w4YY7v3gUwir0x&itok=aXxbZohS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="500" height="345"/> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/shutterstock_569046016.jpg?VersionId=hLogp8ntJdS479Y.N2w4YY7v3gUwir0x&itok=aXxbZohS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="500" height="345"/> <img src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/mobile_full_width/s3/media_hub/shutterstock_569046016.jpg?VersionId=nUu3WYPfVUXe.DfJW5lxUwckDSQ6eR0R&itok=UsQBSnVL" width="622" height="429" alt="Stock photo an MRI machine with patient and screen in the foreground." loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <span class="image__caption field-image-caption">An MRI machine with patient.</span> <span class="image__credit field-image-credit"><p>Credit: David Tadevosian/Shutterstock</p> </span> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><h3>Inside the looking glass</h3><p>An MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create images of the body's internal structures — the brain, spinal cord, organs, nervous system, muscles and blood vessels.</p><p>As a diagnostic tool, MRIs are particularly useful in examining the non-bony parts, or soft tissues, inside your body. They can differentiate between normal and abnormal tissue without exposing patients to harmful radiation, unlike X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scans.</p></div> </section> </div> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-accordion nsf-component usa-accordion js-first-collapsed"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button" aria-controls="item-11944029311" aria-expanded="true" > How does an MRI scan work? </button> </h2><div class="usa-accordion__content text-formatted field field-accordion" id="item-11944029311" class="field field-accordion" data-component-id="nsf_theme:accordion-item"> <p><p>MRI technology relies on the physics of nuclear magnetic resonance, which describes how atoms react in the presence of strong magnetic fields.</p><p>In an MRI machine, a magnetic field aligns atoms within the body and radio waves disrupt that alignment. When the radio waves stop, the atoms return to their original position and emit signals that are converted into images on a computer monitor.</p><p>Learn more about MRI by exploring the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory's <a href="https://nationalmaglab.org/magnet-academy/watch-play/interactive-tutorials/magnetic-resonance-imaging-mri/">interactive tutorial</a>.</p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-60-40 constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><h3>Basic research begins</h3><p>MRI technology is built upon decades of NSF-funded research in nuclear magnetic resonance, electromagnetics, biophysics, biochemistry and computer engineering that began in the 1950s.</p><p>During the 1970s, medical researchers and physical scientists — partially funded by NSF — developed the MRI imaging technique, culminating in the first full-body MRI scan in 1977. MRI machines became commercially available in the 1980s, becoming a staple of medical diagnostics across the nation.</p></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="image block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" class="block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" data-media-id="38581"> <div class="image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/Patent_earlyMRI.png.webp?VersionId=wOgq.WChHnuADkk0_eQdWkUz17vZnPZl&itok=jxH1kdBO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="500" height="322"/> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/Patent_earlyMRI.png?VersionId=wOgq.WChHnuADkk0_eQdWkUz17vZnPZl&itok=jxH1kdBO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/png" width="500" height="322"/> <img src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/mobile_full_width/s3/media_hub/Patent_earlyMRI.png?VersionId=3cqVJLS7JuycTiOjyU8ekurgnh0JN4ak&itok=kSduwi0D" width="622" height="400" alt="An illustration from a patent application depicting a man standing in an early-concept MRI machine." loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <span class="image__caption field-image-caption">Figure from "Apparatus and Method for Detecting Cancer in Tissue," patented in 1974.</span> <span class="image__credit field-image-credit"><p>Credit: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office</p> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="palette palette--light-gray layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-40-60 full-browser-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="image block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" class="block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" data-media-id="38579"> <div class="image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/PF7310_1920_d--nimhroot-il-libraryimages-high-sumalateralwholebrain1.jpg.webp?VersionId=lE2s8y1XePx4HH8xRWT1V_UGF14UHqg2&itok=SiYOBdet 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="500" height="359"/> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/PF7310_1920_d--nimhroot-il-libraryimages-high-sumalateralwholebrain1.jpg?VersionId=lE2s8y1XePx4HH8xRWT1V_UGF14UHqg2&itok=SiYOBdet 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="500" height="359"/> <img src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/mobile_full_width/s3/media_hub/PF7310_1920_d--nimhroot-il-libraryimages-high-sumalateralwholebrain1.jpg?VersionId=FNrWXy_9dxLsZdQIICaAKdMU6dKzSSx7&itok=7gqmkAtQ" width="622" height="447" alt="A colorful MRI image of the human brain" loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <span class="image__caption field-image-caption">Multi-color image of a whole brain for brain imaging research. The image was created using a computer image processing program, called SUMA, that is used to make sense of data generated by fMRI.</span> <span class="image__credit field-image-credit"><p>Credit: National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health</p> </span> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><h3>Fantastic fMRI</h3><p>A critical advancement in MRI technology occurred in the early 1990s with the development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures blood flow in the brain to map brain activity.</p><p>Over the last three decades, numerous NSF-supported fMRI studies have improved diagnosis of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, dementia and Parkinson's disease. They have also deepened researchers' understanding of how the brain works, from perception and motor control to memory formation and emotion.</p></div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout-container--wrapper nsf-layout nsf-layout--twocol-60-40 constrained-width"> <div class="nsf-layout--outer"> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-text nsf-component"> <section class="text__container"> <div class="text__content text-formatted"><h3>Next-generation MRI</h3><p>The newest generation of MRI technology relies on compressed sensing — a groundbreaking technique developed by NSF-funded mathematicians that dramatically speeds up scan times to up to 40 times faster than conventional methods.</p><p>While improving patient comfort, this technology also increases MRI access to patient populations previously difficult to scan, such as those with irregular heartbeats, those with dementia and children.</p><p>NSF continues to support MRI advances through research and instrumentation grants, including support for the NSF National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (MagLab), a facility that operates the world's most powerful magnets.</p></div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="image block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" class="block block-component block-layout-builder block-inline-blockcomponent-image nsf-component" data-media-id="39262"> <div class="image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/DSC_1430.JPG.webp?VersionId=02QN__bTmkOKIMFfX5AwvqHZOemiTuxi&itok=6m49HP9f 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/webp" width="500" height="332"/> <source srcset="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/half_width/s3/media_hub/DSC_1430.JPG?VersionId=02QN__bTmkOKIMFfX5AwvqHZOemiTuxi&itok=6m49HP9f 1x" media="all and (min-width: 640px)" type="image/jpeg" width="500" height="332"/> <img src="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/styles/mobile_full_width/s3/media_hub/DSC_1430.JPG?VersionId=B7O.hVQwqFpqhKdh1QRfvZFtMAx7CFZx&itok=i7_0IoKE" width="622" height="413" alt="Researchers sitting at computers with a large research MRI unit in the background." loading="lazy" /> </picture> </div> <span class="image__caption field-image-caption">Researchers work on NSF MagLab's 900MHz magnet, the world's strongest MRI.</span> <span class="image__credit field-image-credit"><p>Credit: NSF MagLab</p> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nsf-layout--inner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node_view"></div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top"> <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top--inner"> 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