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Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America - Wikipedia
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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/36px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Defense Cooperation Agreement</b> (DCA) is an agreement between <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and the United States approved and ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Government" title="Finnish Government">Finnish Government</a> on July 1, 2024. </p><p>In addition to Finland, the United States has similar agreements with <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Participates_in_Finnish_Signing_Ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>Finnish Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Elina_Valtonen" title="Elina Valtonen">Elina Valtonen</a>, Finnish Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Antti_H%C3%A4kk%C3%A4nen" title="Antti Häkkänen">Antti Häkkänen</a> and US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> at the signing ceremony of the defense cooperation agreement, in December 2023.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the presentation of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a> on February 3, 2023, a delegation was appointed to conduct negotiations between Finland and the United States on the defense agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations on the DCA agreement started between Finland and the United States in March 2023. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">Parliament of Finland</a> was informed as the negotiation process progressed.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its general session on December 14, 2023, the government decided to propose to President <a href="/wiki/Sauli_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Sauli Niinistö">Sauli Niinistö</a> that Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Antti_H%C3%A4kk%C3%A4nen" title="Antti Häkkänen">Antti Häkkänen</a>, or, if he is prevented, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Elina_Valtonen" title="Elina Valtonen">Elina Valtonen</a>, be authorized to sign the defense cooperation agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 15, 2023, President <a href="/wiki/Sauli_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Sauli Niinistö">Sauli Niinistö</a> accepted the presentation made by the President of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 18, 2023, the defense agreement between Finland and the United States was signed in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> by minister Häkkänen and US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a>. Foreign minister Valtonen was also present at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following day, Russia invited the Finnish Ambassador of Moscow, Antti Helanterä, to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> for an interview regarding the agreement. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Finland)" title="Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)">Finnish Foreign Ministry</a> announced that Finland had already requested a meeting regarding the situation on Finland's <a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="Finland–Russia border">eastern border</a>. In this same meeting, the Russian Foreign Ministry also discussed the agreement concluded between the United States and Finland. Russian officials said that they "are taking the necessary steps to respond to the aggressive decisions of Finland and its NATO allies."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The DCA agreement proceeded to the parliament's hearing after the government decided on the matter on May 30, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 24, 2024, the Constitutional Law Committee issued a statement that approval of the DCA agreement requires a qualified majority of two-thirds of the votes cast.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliament approved the DCA agreement on July 1, 2024. Only <a href="/wiki/Anna_Kontula" title="Anna Kontula">Anna Kontula</a> (from the <a href="/wiki/Left_Alliance_(Finland)" title="Left Alliance (Finland)">Left Alliance</a>) made a motion to reject the agreement, but the motion was not supported. Thus, the DCA agreement was unanimously approved without a vote.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exercise_Arrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Exercise_Arrow.jpg/220px-Exercise_Arrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Exercise_Arrow.jpg/330px-Exercise_Arrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Exercise_Arrow.jpg/440px-Exercise_Arrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>U.S. soldiers pilot the <a href="/wiki/M2_Bradley" title="M2 Bradley">M2 Bradley</a> Vehicle during the Arrow 23 exercise in <a href="/wiki/Niinisalo" title="Niinisalo">Niinisalo</a>, Finland on May 5, 2023. It was an armored forces exercise involving troops from Finland, the United States, the United Kingdom, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The purpose of the DCA agreement is to improve cooperation between Finland and the United States in all security situations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It agrees on the practices related to the entry of troops into the country and the advance storage of material.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the agreement, Finland grants access to the following military areas to the United States: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Border_Guard" title="Finnish Border Guard">Border Guard</a>'s barracks in <a href="/wiki/Ivalo" title="Ivalo">Ivalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Karelia Air Command">Karelia Air Command</a>'s air base in <a href="/wiki/Rissala" class="mw-redirect" title="Rissala">Rissala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_Brigade" title="Pori Brigade">Pori Brigade</a>'s garrison area in <a href="/wiki/Niinisalo" title="Niinisalo">Niinisalo</a> and Pohjankangas-Hämeenkangas training areas</li> <li>A storage area in <a href="/wiki/Parkano" title="Parkano">Parkano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyland_Brigade" title="Nyland Brigade">Nyland Brigade</a>'s garrison area in <a href="/wiki/Raseborg" title="Raseborg">Raseborg</a> and Syndalen training area in <a href="/wiki/Hanko,_Finland" title="Hanko, Finland">Hanko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovaj%C3%A4rvi" title="Rovajärvi">Rovajärvi</a> training area and Misi storage area in the <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapland Air Command">Lapland Air Command</a>'s air base and garrison area of the <a href="/wiki/Jaeger_Brigade" title="Jaeger Brigade">Jaeger Brigade</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Rovaniemi" title="Rovaniemi">Rovaniemi</a></li> <li>A storage area in Skinnarvik, <a href="/wiki/Kimito%C3%B6n" title="Kimitoön">Kimitoön</a></li> <li>A storage area in Letku, <a href="/wiki/Tammela,_Finland" title="Tammela, Finland">Tammela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satakunta_Air_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Satakunta Air Command">Satakunta Air Command</a>'s air base in <a href="/wiki/Pirkkala" title="Pirkkala">Pirkkala</a></li> <li>A storage area in <a href="/wiki/Tervola" title="Tervola">Tervola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_(Finland)" title="Air Force Academy (Finland)">Air Force Academy</a>'s air base in <a href="/wiki/Tikkakoski" title="Tikkakoski">Tikkakoski</a></li> <li>A naval base and garrison area in <a href="/wiki/Upinniemi" title="Upinniemi">Upinniemi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russar%C3%B6" title="Russarö">Russarö</a> island in Hanko</li> <li>Veitsiluoto's storage area on the Ajos island in <a href="/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi">Kemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia_Brigade" title="Karelia Brigade">Karelia Brigade</a>'s Vekaranjärvi garrison area and Pahkajärvi training area, both in <a href="/wiki/Kouvola" title="Kouvola">Kouvola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The areas stipulated in the agreement will be jointly used by the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Defense Forces">Finnish Defense Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a>. The agreement has taken into account possible future regional and spatial needs, to avoid a premature amending of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The DCA agreement also deals with <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal law</a>. Finland will not charge rent for premises or areas made available to the United States. The United States, on the other hand, is only responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance costs of the premises and areas that the Finnish government allows them to use, unless otherwise agreed. The costs of the premises and areas jointly used by the US forces and the Finnish Defense Forces are covered in proportion to their use. The agreement does not prohibit <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a>, but it refers to Finnish legislation and international agreements; the Nuclear Energy Act is in force in Finland, which prohibits the transit and storage of nuclear weapons in Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-kauppalehti_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kauppalehti-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the case of possible crimes committed by those serving in the US forces, judgment is given by the United States. On a case-by-case basis, the transfer of jurisdiction can be canceled if the crime is of special importance to Finland. These include socially significant crimes, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual crime">sexual crimes</a>, and crimes against life and health.<sup id="cite_ref-kauppalehti_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kauppalehti-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finland waives its jurisdiction over crimes committed by US troops when they have served in Finland. However, in "particularly important individual cases" Finland can cancel the transfer of jurisdiction to the United States. The United States has the power to decide which activities of its forces in Finland are to be considered service-related in Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_the_Czech_Republic_and_the_United_States_of_America" title="Agreement on Defense Cooperation between the Czech Republic and the United States of America">Agreement on Defense Cooperation between the Czech Republic and the United States of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Finland–United States relations">Finland–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Finland–NATO relations">Finland–NATO relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLakka2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lakka, Päivi (15 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20065003">"Eikö DCA vielä sano mitään? Ota haltuun ainakin nämä faktat Suomen ja Yhdysvaltain puolustusta koskevasta sopimuksesta"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Eik%C3%B6+DCA+viel%C3%A4+sano+mit%C3%A4%C3%A4n%3F+Ota+haltuun+ainakin+n%C3%A4m%C3%A4+faktat+Suomen+ja+Yhdysvaltain+puolustusta+koskevasta+sopimuksesta&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft.aulast=Lakka&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4ivi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20065003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valtioneuvosto.fi/paatokset/paatos?decisionId=0900908f8080ca4d">"Valtuuskunnan asettaminen Suomen ja Yhdysvaltain välillä käytäviin neuvotteluihin puolustusyhteistyösopimuksesta"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Finland">Government of Finland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valtuuskunnan+asettaminen+Suomen+ja+Yhdysvaltain+v%C3%A4lill%C3%A4+k%C3%A4yt%C3%A4viin+neuvotteluihin+puolustusyhteisty%C3%B6sopimuksesta&rft.pub=Government+of+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvaltioneuvosto.fi%2Fpaatokset%2Fpaatos%3FdecisionId%3D0900908f8080ca4d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://um.fi/kysymyksia-ja-vastauksia-dca-puolustusyhteistyosopimuksesta">"Kysymyksiä ja vastauksia DCA-sopimuksesta"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Finland)" title="Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)">Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kysymyksi%C3%A4+ja+vastauksia+DCA-sopimuksesta&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Foreign+Affairs+of+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fum.fi%2Fkysymyksia-ja-vastauksia-dca-puolustusyhteistyosopimuksesta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valtioneuvosto.fi/-/valtioneuvosto-esittaa-suomen-ja-yhdysvaltojen-valisen-puolustusyhteistyosopimuksen-allekirjoittamista">"Valtioneuvosto esittää Suomen ja Yhdysvaltojen välisen puolustusyhteistyösopimuksen allekirjoittamista"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Finland">Government of Finland</a>. 14 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Valtioneuvosto+esitt%C3%A4%C3%A4+Suomen+ja+Yhdysvaltojen+v%C3%A4lisen+puolustusyhteisty%C3%B6sopimuksen+allekirjoittamista&rft.pub=Government+of+Finland&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvaltioneuvosto.fi%2F-%2Fvaltioneuvosto-esittaa-suomen-ja-yhdysvaltojen-valisen-puolustusyhteistyosopimuksen-allekirjoittamista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valtioneuvosto.fi/paatokset/paatos?decisionId=350">"Puolustusyhteistyöstä Suomen tasavallan hallituksen ja Amerikan yhdysvaltojen hallituksen välillä tehdyn sopimuksen allekirjoitusvaltuuksien myöntäminen"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Finland">Government of Finland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Puolustusyhteisty%C3%B6st%C3%A4+Suomen+tasavallan+hallituksen+ja+Amerikan+yhdysvaltojen+hallituksen+v%C3%A4lill%C3%A4+tehdyn+sopimuksen+allekirjoitusvaltuuksien+my%C3%B6nt%C3%A4minen&rft.pub=Government+of+Finland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvaltioneuvosto.fi%2Fpaatokset%2Fpaatos%3FdecisionId%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKajander2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kajander, Riikka (18 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20065633">"Suomi ja Yhdysvallat allekirjoittivat DCA-sopimuksen – Blinken: Historiallinen vuosi maiden yhteistyölle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Suomi+ja+Yhdysvallat+allekirjoittivat+DCA-sopimuksen+%E2%80%93+Blinken%3A+Historiallinen+vuosi+maiden+yhteisty%C3%B6lle&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft.aulast=Kajander&rft.aufirst=Riikka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20065633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fi.usembassy.gov/the-united-states-and-finland-signed-a-defense-cooperation-agreement-on-december-18-2023/">"The United States and Finland signed a Defense Cooperation Agreement on December 18, 2023"</a>. U.S. Embassy in Finland. 21 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+Finland+signed+a+Defense+Cooperation+Agreement+on+December+18%2C+2023&rft.pub=U.S.+Embassy+in+Finland&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffi.usembassy.gov%2Fthe-united-states-and-finland-signed-a-defense-cooperation-agreement-on-december-18-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailyfinland.fi/national/35512/Finland-USA-sign-defence-co-op-deal">"Finland, USA sign defence co-op deal"</a>. <i>Daily Finland</i>. 19 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Finland&rft.atitle=Finland%2C+USA+sign+defence+co-op+deal&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyfinland.fi%2Fnational%2F35512%2FFinland-USA-sign-defence-co-op-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeiskanenKokko2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heiskanen, Heikki; Kokko, Mira (19 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20065790">"Venäjä kutsui Suomen suurlähettilään puhutteluun DCA-sopimuksen takia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4+kutsui+Suomen+suurl%C3%A4hettil%C3%A4%C3%A4n+puhutteluun+DCA-sopimuksen+takia&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft.aulast=Heiskanen&rft.aufirst=Heikki&rft.au=Kokko%2C+Mira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20065790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaukeri2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paukeri, Marica (30 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20091322">"DCA-sopimus etenee eduskuntaan – ministerin mukaan puolustusmateriaalin varastoinnin aloittamisesta keskustellaan jo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=DCA-sopimus+etenee+eduskuntaan+%E2%80%93+ministerin+mukaan+puolustusmateriaalin+varastoinnin+aloittamisesta+keskustellaan+jo&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft.aulast=Paukeri&rft.aufirst=Marica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20091322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20096055">"Perustuslakivaliokunta: Suomen ja Yhdysvaltojen DCA-sopimus hyväksyttävä kahden kolmasosan määräenemmistöllä"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish). 24 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Perustuslakivaliokunta%3A+Suomen+ja+Yhdysvaltojen+DCA-sopimus+hyv%C3%A4ksytt%C3%A4v%C3%A4+kahden+kolmasosan+m%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4enemmist%C3%B6ll%C3%A4&rft.date=2024-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20096055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJantunen2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jantunen, Salla (1 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20097310">"Eduskunta hyväksyi Suomen ja Yhdysvaltojen puolustusyhteistyösopimuksen yksimielisesti"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Eduskunta+hyv%C3%A4ksyi+Suomen+ja+Yhdysvaltojen+puolustusyhteisty%C3%B6sopimuksen+yksimielisesti&rft.date=2024-07-01&rft.aulast=Jantunen&rft.aufirst=Salla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20097310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kaleva.fi/puolustusyhteistyosopimus-yhdysvaltojen-kanssa-tuo/5948622">"Puolustusyhteistyösopimus Yhdysvaltojen kanssa tuonee lisäturvaa etenkin Pohjois-Suomeen, ja siitä voi vain iloita"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kaleva_(newspaper)" title="Kaleva (newspaper)">Kaleva</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaleva&rft.atitle=Puolustusyhteisty%C3%B6sopimus+Yhdysvaltojen+kanssa+tuonee+lis%C3%A4turvaa+etenkin+Pohjois-Suomeen%2C+ja+siit%C3%A4+voi+vain+iloita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaleva.fi%2Fpuolustusyhteistyosopimus-yhdysvaltojen-kanssa-tuo%2F5948622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakkaToivonenValta2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lakka, Päivi; Toivonen, Terhi; Valta, Laura (14 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20065054">"DCA-sopimus julki: Nämä 15 aluetta Suomi avaa Yhdysvaltain joukoille – puolustusministeri: "Kriisitilanteissa voidaan ryhtyä tositoimiin"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=DCA-sopimus+julki%3A+N%C3%A4m%C3%A4+15+aluetta+Suomi+avaa+Yhdysvaltain+joukoille+%E2%80%93+puolustusministeri%3A+%22Kriisitilanteissa+voidaan+ryhty%C3%A4+tositoimiin%22&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft.aulast=Lakka&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4ivi&rft.au=Toivonen%2C+Terhi&rft.au=Valta%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20065054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://puolustusvoimat.fi/-/suomen-ja-yhdysvaltojen-valisen-puolustusyhteistyosopimuksen-dca-vaikutukset-puolustusvoimiin">"Suomen ja Yhdysvaltojen välisen puolustusyhteistyösopimuksen (DCA) vaikutukset Puolustusvoimiin -"</a> (in Finnish). <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a>. 14 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suomen+ja+Yhdysvaltojen+v%C3%A4lisen+puolustusyhteisty%C3%B6sopimuksen+%28DCA%29+vaikutukset+Puolustusvoimiin+-&rft.pub=Finnish+Defence+Forces&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpuolustusvoimat.fi%2F-%2Fsuomen-ja-yhdysvaltojen-valisen-puolustusyhteistyosopimuksen-dca-vaikutukset-puolustusvoimiin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kauppalehti-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kauppalehti_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kauppalehti_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPietarila2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pietarila, Päivikki (19 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kauppalehti.fi/uutiset/tallainen-on-dca-sopimus-jonka-suomi-tanaan-solmii/b561dbb0-9de9-4ecb-a8ac-22eede00c6bc">"Tällainen on DCA-sopimus, jonka Suomi tänään solmii"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kauppalehti" title="Kauppalehti">Kauppalehti</a></i> (in Finnish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kauppalehti&rft.atitle=T%C3%A4llainen+on+DCA-sopimus%2C+jonka+Suomi+t%C3%A4n%C3%A4%C3%A4n+solmii&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft.aulast=Pietarila&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4ivikki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kauppalehti.fi%2Fuutiset%2Ftallainen-on-dca-sopimus-jonka-suomi-tanaan-solmii%2Fb561dbb0-9de9-4ecb-a8ac-22eede00c6bc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/a/74-20083208">"Oikeuskansleri: DCA-sopimusta koskevasta esityksestä ei ilmene riittävän tarkasti, mihin Suomi sitoutuu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></i> (in Finnish). 11 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Oikeuskansleri%3A+DCA-sopimusta+koskevasta+esityksest%C3%A4+ei+ilmene+riitt%C3%A4v%C3%A4n+tarkasti%2C+mihin+Suomi+sitoutuu&rft.date=2024-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fa%2F74-20083208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAgreement+on+Defense+Cooperation+between+Finland+and+the+United+States+of+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Defense_Cooperation_between_Finland_and_the_United_States_of_America&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defmin.fi/files/5862/Finland_US_DCA_-_Finland_Prime_-_English.pdf">Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America</a> (in English)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">47th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Delaware" title="List of United States senators from Delaware">from Delaware</a> (1973–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="Early life and career of Joe Biden">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Joe_Biden" title="US Senate career of Joe Biden">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden#Vice_presidency_(2009–2017)" title="Joe Biden">Vice presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></li> <li>Task forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Violence_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun Violence Task Force">Gun Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Task_Force_to_Protect_Students_from_Sexual_Assault" title="White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault">Protect Students from Sexual Assault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">First Trump transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_Information_Procedures_Act" title="Classified Information Procedures Act">Classified Information Procedures Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnibus_Counterterrorism_Act_of_1995" title="Omnibus Counterterrorism Act of 1995">Counterterrorism Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_Against_Women_Act" title="Violence Against Women Act">Violence Against Women Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violent_Crime_Control_and_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act">Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of political appointments by Joe Biden">Appointments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Agriculture_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Agriculture appointments by Joe Biden">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Commerce_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Commerce appointments by Joe Biden">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Defense_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Defense appointments by Joe Biden">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Education_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Education appointments by Joe Biden">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Energy_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Energy appointments by Joe Biden">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Executive_Office_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Executive Office appointments by Joe Biden">Executive Office appointments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Health and Human Services appointments by Joe Biden">HHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Homeland_Security_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Homeland Security appointments by Joe Biden">Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Housing and Urban Development appointments by Joe Biden">HUD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Interior_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Interior appointments by Joe Biden">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Justice_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Justice appointments by Joe Biden">Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Joe Biden">U.S. attorneys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Labor_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Labor appointments by Joe Biden">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_State_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of State appointments by Joe Biden">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">ambassadors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Transportation_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Transportation appointments by Joe Biden">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_the_Treasury_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of the Treasury appointments by Joe Biden">Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_appointments_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of Department of Veterans Affairs appointments by Joe Biden">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Emergency_Assistance_Act_of_2021" title="Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act of 2021">Capitol Police Emergency Assistance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RENACER_Act" title="RENACER Act">RENACER Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Forced_Labor_Prevention_Act" title="Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act">Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHIPS_and_Science_Act" title="CHIPS and Science Act">CHIPS and Science Act</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merger_Filing_Fee_Modernization_Act_of_2021" title="Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2021">Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_TikTok_on_Government_Devices_Act" title="No TikTok on Government Devices Act">No TikTok on Government Devices Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnant_Workers_Fairness_Act" title="Pregnant Workers Fairness Act">Pregnant Workers Fairness Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Antitrust_Enforcement_Venue_Act_of_2021" title="State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021">State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act" title="Inflation Reduction Act">Inflation Reduction Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act" title="Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act">Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honoring_our_PACT_Act_of_2022" title="Honoring our PACT Act of 2022">PACT Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2023" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023">National Defense Authorization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Service_Reform_Act_of_2022" title="Postal Service Reform Act of 2022">Postal Service Reform Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect_for_Marriage_Act" title="Respect for Marriage Act">Respect for Marriage Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speak_Out_Act" title="Speak Out Act">Speak Out Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022" title="Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022">Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Origin_Act_of_2023" title="COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023">COVID-19 Origin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2024" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DCA agreement between Finland and the US</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADVANCE_Act" title="ADVANCE Act">ADVANCE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2024" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_118-50" title="Public Law 118-50">National Security Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act" title="Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act">Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Joe Biden administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 policy of the Joe Biden administration">COVID-19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration">Economic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biden_v._Nebraska" title="Biden v. Nebraska">Biden v. Nebraska</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Plan" title="Build Back Better Plan">Build Back Better Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_and_ethics_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Electoral and ethics policy of the Joe Biden administration">Electoral and ethical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_for_Democracy" title="Summit for Democracy">Summit for Democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Leaders_Summit_on_Climate" title="2021 Leaders Summit on Climate">2021 Leaders Summit on Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13990" title="Executive Order 13990">Executive Order 13990</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration">Foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2021 Russia–United States summit">2021 Russia–United States summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_balloon_incident" title="2023 Chinese balloon incident">2023 Chinese balloon incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American%E2%80%93Japanese%E2%80%93Korean_trilateral_pact" title="American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact">Camp David Principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ayman_al-Zawahiri" title="Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri">killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States" title="2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States">2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine" title="2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine">2023 visit to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war">War in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_complicity_in_Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war">accusation of genocide complicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange" title="2024 Ankara prisoner exchange">Russian prisoner exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Social policy of the Joe Biden administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Joe_Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Space policy of the Joe Biden administration">Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_preparations_for_the_inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Security preparations for the inauguration of Joe Biden">security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Joe Biden presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2021_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2021 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2022_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2022 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2023_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2023 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency_(2024_Q4%E2%80%93January_2025)" title="Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency (2024 Q4–January 2025)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Second Trump transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_classified_documents_incident" title="Joe Biden classified documents incident">Classified documents incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Joe_Biden" title="Efforts to impeach Joe Biden">Efforts to impeach</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Oversight_Committee_investigation_into_the_Biden_family" title="United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family">House Oversight Committee investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Joe_Biden" title="Impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden">inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of executive actions by Joe Biden">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of proclamations by Joe Biden">proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2021 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2022 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2023 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_opinion_polling_on_the_Joe_Biden_administration" title="2024 opinion polling on the Joe Biden administration">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2021)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2022)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2024%E2%80%9325)" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2024–25)">2024–2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of international presidential trips made by Joe Biden">international</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Joe_Biden" title="Electoral history of Joe Biden">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1972 United States Senate election in Delaware">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1978 United States Senate election in Delaware">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1984 United States Senate election in Delaware">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1990 United States Senate election in Delaware">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="1996 United States Senate election in Delaware">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2002 United States Senate election in Delaware">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware" title="2008 United States Senate election in Delaware">2008</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates#October_2:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama#Biden_Senate_transition" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates#October_11:_Vice_presidential_debate_(Centre_College)" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">1988 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">2020 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basement_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Basement campaign">basement campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_congressional_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign congressional endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state and territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">2024 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">protest vote movements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">debate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Joe_Biden" title="Family of Joe Biden">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Francis_Blewitt" title="Edward Francis Blewitt">Edward Francis Blewitt</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilia_Hunter_Biden" title="Neilia Hunter Biden">Neilia Hunter Biden</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Biden" title="James Biden">James Biden</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Biden_Owens" title="Valerie Biden Owens">Valerie Biden Owens</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden" title="Beau Biden">Beau Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter Biden</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Biden" title="Ashley Biden">Ashley Biden</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Krein" title="Howard Krein">Howard Krein</a> (son-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallie_Olivere_Biden" title="Hallie Olivere Biden">Hallie Olivere Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Buhle" title="Kathleen Buhle">Kathleen Buhle</a> (former daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Cohen_Biden" title="Melissa Cohen Biden">Melissa Cohen Biden</a> (daughter-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="Naomi Biden">Naomi Biden</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li>Dogs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(dog)" title="Champ (dog)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_(Joe_Biden%27s_dog)" title="Major (Joe Biden's dog)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_(dog)" title="Commander (dog)">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willow_(cat)" title="Willow (cat)">Willow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Joe_Biden" title="Bibliography of Joe Biden">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Promises_to_Keep_(memoir)" title="Promises to Keep (memoir)">Promises to Keep</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promise_Me,_Dad" title="Promise Me, Dad">Promise Me, Dad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_Will_Be_Different" title="Tomorrow Will Be Different"><i>Tomorrow Will Be Different</i> (foreword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inaugural address</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Joe_Biden_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2021 Joe Biden speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2022 State of the Union Address">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2023 State of the Union Address">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2024 State of the Union Address">2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_the_Soul_of_the_Nation_speech" title="Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech">Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media<br />depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(film)" title="Confirmation (film)">Confirmation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Choice_2020" title="The Choice 2020">The Choice 2020</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Intro_to_Political_Science" title="Intro to Political Science">Intro to Political Science</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Son_Hunter" title="My Son Hunter">My Son Hunter</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Ride" title="One Last Ride">One Last Ride</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_(The_Onion)" title="Joe Biden (The Onion)"><i>The Onion</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "Diamond Joe"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Joe_Biden" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden"><i>Saturday Night Live</i> parodies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)" title="Spitting Image (2020 TV series)">Spitting Image</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Joe_Biden" title="Age and health concerns about Joe Biden">Age and health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Joe_Biden" title="List of awards and honors received by Joe Biden">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Biden_Cancer_Moonshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot">Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_Foundation" title="Biden Foundation">Biden Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_a_shotgun" title="Buy a shotgun">Buy a shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Joe_Biden" title="List of things named after Joe Biden">Eponyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">Hunter Biden laptop controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Did_That!" title="I Did That!">I Did That!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joever" class="mw-redirect" title="Joever">Joever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Brandon" title="Let's Go Brandon">Let's Go Brandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Joe_Biden" title="Public image of Joe Biden">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_sexual_assault_allegation" title="Joe Biden sexual assault allegation">Sexual assault allegation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Joe_(nickname)" title="Sleepy Joe (nickname)">Sleepy Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">← Donald Trump</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">← Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Joe_Biden" title="Category:Joe Biden">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, 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