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<span>Local taxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_taxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_freedom_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_freedom_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fifth freedom traffic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_freedom_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_between_Emirates_and_the_Government_of_Dubai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_between_Emirates_and_the_Government_of_Dubai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Relationship between Emirates and the Government of Dubai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_between_Emirates_and_the_Government_of_Dubai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_cost_advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_cost_advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Labour cost advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_cost_advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canadian_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Canadian expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>German expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DXB_on_23_September_2007_Pict_5.jpg/450px-DXB_on_23_September_2007_Pict_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DXB_on_23_September_2007_Pict_5.jpg/600px-DXB_on_23_September_2007_Pict_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Emirates aircraft parked at <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The so-called "<b>Emirates business model</b>" is the <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> that lies at the heart of <a href="/wiki/Emirates_(airline)" title="Emirates (airline)">Emirates</a>'s commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its main ingredients are a lean <a href="/wiki/Workforce" title="Workforce">workforce</a> comparable to a <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carrier" title="Low-cost carrier">low-cost carrier</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Flat_organization" title="Flat organization">flat organisational structure</a> that allows the airline to maintain low <a href="/wiki/Overhead_(business)" title="Overhead (business)">overhead</a> costs.<sup id="cite_ref-easy_oz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easy_oz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some industry analysts believe the airline is second only to <a href="/wiki/Ryanair" title="Ryanair">Ryanair</a> on a cash cost per seat basis due to lower <a href="/wiki/Operating_cost" title="Operating cost">operating costs</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai</a> base.<sup id="cite_ref-easy_oz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easy_oz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This enables it to serve secondary destinations profitably by connecting these via its global <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hub</a> in Dubai.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emirates has not joined any global <a href="/wiki/Airline_alliance" title="Airline alliance">airline alliance</a> (although they planned to join Star Alliance in 2000, they remained independent), stating that unless an airline is the lead participant in such an alliance – e.g. <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> in <a href="/wiki/SkyTeam" title="SkyTeam">SkyTeam</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> – individual alliance members' freedom of action is compromised by the imposition of common alliance goals that mainly serve the interests of the alliance leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1995, Emirates had operated an all-<a href="/wiki/Wide-body_aircraft" title="Wide-body aircraft">widebody</a> fleet, largely composed of <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777s</a>. This results in lower <a href="/wiki/Unit_cost" title="Unit cost">unit costs</a> compared to other large airlines operating a mix of <a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">narrow</a>- and widebody fleets and allows the airline to use the aircraft's cargo capacity to increase its revenues and total <a href="/wiki/Profit_(accounting)" title="Profit (accounting)">profits</a>. Since <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai International Airport</a> does not have any night flying restrictions, Emirates achieves a higher utilisation of its aircraft than competitors. It also has lower staff costs than longer established rivals, because in <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> there are no unions and there is an abundance of cheap labour from India and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-easy_oz_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easy_oz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accusations_of_unfair_competition">Accusations of unfair competition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Accusations of unfair competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg/220px-Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg/330px-Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg/440px-Emirates.a330-200.a6-eks.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption>Emirates <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A330-200">Airbus A330-200</a> (A6-EKS) landing at London <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The established network carriers in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Air_France%E2%80%93KLM" title="Air France–KLM">Air France–KLM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_New_Zealand" title="Air New Zealand">Air New Zealand</a>, perceive Emirates' strategic decision to reposition itself as a global carrier as a major threat because it allows air travellers to bypass traditional <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">airline hubs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London–Heathrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport" title="Charles de Gaulle Airport">Paris–Charles-de-Gaulle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam Schiphol</a> on their way between Europe/<a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>/Oceania by changing flights in Dubai instead. </p><p>Some of these carriers, notably <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a>, Delta and Qantas, have accused Emirates of receiving hidden state subsidies and of maintaining too close of a relationship with Dubai's airport authority and its aviation authority, both of which are also wholly state-owned entities that share the same government owner with the airline. They have also alleged that Emirates is able to reduce its borrowing costs below market rates by taking advantage of its government shareholders' sovereign borrower status. They have claimed that the government support <a href="/wiki/Cross_subsidization" title="Cross subsidization">cross-subsidises</a> the airline, masking its true financial performance.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ownership_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownership-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel_subsidies">Fuel subsidies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fuel subsidies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many airlines have accused Emirates of receiving fuel subsidies from the Government of Dubai. The airline has denied these accusations, stating that it purchases its fuel at the same price, as well as on the same terms and conditions, as every other commercial airline at all airports in which it operates. In <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">FY</a> 2007/08, fuel accounted for more than 30% of Emirates total expenditure, comparable with other international long-haul carriers such as <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-myth_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myth-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport_user_charges">Airport user charges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Airport user charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emirates has also defended itself against competitor accusations claiming it pays discounted airport user charges at its home base. The airline rejected these claims, stating that it paid the same user charges at Dubai as everyone else, which were similar to those prevailing at other comparable airports in the region, including <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-myth_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myth-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_taxes">Local taxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Local taxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many airlines have accused Emirates of having an unfair advantage, since it does not have to pay local taxes. The airline rejected these claims by clarifying that in the absence of <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income</a> or <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporate taxes</a> in the UAE, all airlines operating to and from Dubai benefit from this tax-free environment. In this context, Emirates also stressed that it had paid the Government of Dubai <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">dividends</a> totaling <a href="/wiki/US_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US dollar">US$</a>776 million, in return for US$10 million in <a href="/wiki/Seed_money" title="Seed money">seed capital</a> given to the airline at its inception in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-myth_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myth-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_freedom_traffic">Fifth freedom traffic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fifth freedom traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emirates robustly defends itself against recurring claims accusing it of stealing other airlines' transfer passengers. It points out that its detractors have carried international passenger traffic between different third country points on their networks via their hub airports for decades, and that Emirates is entitled to do the same. Emirates furthermore points out that this enables it to offer regional passengers based in or near important secondary cities such as <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle-upon-Tyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle-upon-Tyne">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> or <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a> convenient, worldwide one-stop connections via its global hub in Dubai.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_between_Emirates_and_the_Government_of_Dubai">Relationship between Emirates and the Government of Dubai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationship between Emirates and the Government of Dubai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emirates has countered rivals' frequent accusations that its ownership by the Government of Dubai amounted to a direct subsidy, representing an unfair competitive advantage not enjoyed by most other airlines, by stating that it was a fully fledged commercial enterprise run at <a href="/wiki/Arm%27s_length_principle" title="Arm's length principle">arm's length</a> from the Dubai government, despite being wholly owned by it.<sup id="cite_ref-ownership_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownership-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_cost_advantages">Labour cost advantages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labour cost advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some airlines have claimed that being based in Dubai gives Emirates an unfair labour cost advantage over other airlines. Emirates has countered this by stating that it faces the same costs to attract and retain staff recruited from around the world on expatriate terms and conditions as other airlines. The airline points out that the total cost of expatriate employee benefits amounts to more than US$400 million per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canadian_expansion">Canadian expansion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canadian expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg/220px-Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg/330px-Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg/440px-Emirates_A345_A6-ERA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Emirates <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A340-500" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus A340-500">Airbus A340-500</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Emirates started flying to Canada on 29 October 2007, operating three weekly non-stop services on the <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>–<a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> route.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emirates has experienced very high capacity factors on its <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> services, averaging 90% since the start of operations between Toronto and Dubai. This resulted in the introduction of an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a> on the route, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777" title="Boeing 777">Boeing 777</a>-300ER originally used. However, the current <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_Air_Transport_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral Air Transport Agreement">bilateral agreement</a> between the UAE and Canada restricts Emirates to only three flights per week between Dubai and Canada. In addition to operating daily between Dubai and Toronto to give business and leisure passengers greater flexibility, the airline had plans to add <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a> to its UAE–Canada schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Canadian Government</a> stated it does not see the need for more services in response to these requests.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian Government has claimed that <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a> might be adversely affected by increased competition from Emirates and that this could undermine its viability.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emirates has refuted these claims, stating that there was no direct competitive overlap between it and Air Canada, since the latter (before 2015) did not operate services to the UAE or to any points in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, places where Emirates' flights experience high demand. Emirates also stated that this would benefit Air Canada as many of Emirates' Canadian passengers were transferring to/from points on Air Canada's extensive North American network through its Toronto hub.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Air Canada and Emirates announced a strategic partnership, involving code-share routes and reciprocal frequent-flyer benefits and lounge access. Consequently, Air Canada announced a four-times weekly <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> route while Emirates announced a daily <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> route starting in July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_expansion">German expansion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: German expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg/220px-Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg/330px-Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg/440px-Airbus_A330-200_Emirates_A6-EAL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="911" /></a><figcaption>A330-200 taking off at <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Emirates commenced flights to Germany in July 1987 with the launch of scheduled services on the Dubai–<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> route. As of 2009, Emirates operates 49 weekly passenger flights from Dubai to Germany, serving Frankfurt, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. Emirates also operates eleven weekly all-cargo flights from Dubai to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany is Emirates' second-biggest market in Europe (after the United Kingdom), carrying over one million passengers between Dubai and Germany during the 2007/08 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">financial year</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a> said that it saw a competitive imbalance between Emirates and itself in the Germany–Dubai air travel market, effectively accusing the UAE carrier of stealing its transfer passengers between North America, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, India and the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>. It also alleged that there were material differences in <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_ground_handling" title="Aircraft ground handling">handling fees</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai Airport</a> and unequal opportunities for the two airlines in each other's home markets. The latter relates to Emirates' heavy reliance on so-called "<a href="/wiki/Freedoms_of_the_air" title="Freedoms of the air">sixth freedom</a>" traffic rights that enable it to carry passengers, cargo and mail between Germany and third countries via its hub in Dubai to fill most of the space on its Germany–Dubai flights, as a result of there being insufficient origin and destination traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emirates has countered Lufthansa's claims by pointing out that its proposed German expansion would result in a "<a href="/wiki/Win-win_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Win-win game">win-win</a>" situation for both sides that would actually grow the <a href="/wiki/German_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="German economy">German economy</a> through additional economic activity generated, as a result of stimulating the air transport market between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An order of Germany's Federal Office for Goods Transport to Emirates to desist from price leadership on routes leaving Germany for non–<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European-Union</a> (EU) destinations and forcing it to raise relevant <a href="/wiki/Business_class" title="Business class">business class</a> fares by up to 20% has been the focus of the latest disagreement between the UAE carrier on one hand and the German government and Lufthansa on the other. Despite the Federal Office for Goods Transport's insistence that it has not singled out Emirates unfairly by demanding similar remedial action of other airlines regarding fares charged on non-EU routes out of Germany, Andrew Parker, Emirates' senior vice-president, denied any knowledge of this being the case. He termed the German Federal Office for Goods Transport's decision "anti-consumer" and "commercially nonsensical". He also threatened to seek redress from the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_(airline)" title="Emirates (airline)">Emirates Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_fleet" title="Emirates fleet">Emirates fleet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CNN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2005/10/01/8359251/index.htm">Rise of the Emirates Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN Money</a>, 1 October 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-easy_oz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-easy_oz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-easy_oz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-easy_oz_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economist (Easy Oz – Emirates, Low cost is coming to long haul flights, next could be low fares)</i>, pp. 82/3, The Economist Newspaper Ltd., London, 29 October 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economist (Flights of fancy</i>), www.economist.com, 5 October 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, p. 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGollan" class="citation web cs1">Gollan, Doug. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/douggollan/2024/06/05/emirates-executives-see-no-need-to-join-a-global-airline-alliance/">"Emirates Executives See No Need To Join A Global Airline Alliance"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Emirates+Executives+See+No+Need+To+Join+A+Global+Airline+Alliance&rft.aulast=Gollan&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdouggollan%2F2024%2F06%2F05%2Femirates-executives-see-no-need-to-join-a-global-airline-alliance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirates+business+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/english/about/public_affairs/competition.aspx">Emirates.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, pp. 12–15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-daily.com/1383/2204/html/ieconomy.htm#42033">Emirates Accused of Unfair Practices</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Financial Times (Row erupts between Qantas and Emirates), UK Edition, London, 9 November 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ownership-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ownership_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ownership_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, pp. 5–7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-myth-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-myth_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-myth_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-myth_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, p. 7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/nov/16/emirates-tim-clark-interview">Guardian.co.uk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/india/article.cfm?articleid=4241">Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meed.com/transport/features/_tim_clark_president_emirates_airline.html">Meed.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, pp. 4, 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/english/about/public_affairs/q_a.aspx#">Emirates.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913051158/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS132698+16-Mar-2009+MW20090316">Reuters.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/air-canada-proposed-emirates-deal-in-2006-documents/article561788/">"Air Canada proposed Emirates deal in 2006: documents"</a>. The Globe and Mail. 13 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Air+Canada+proposed+Emirates+deal+in+2006%3A+documents&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fair-canada-proposed-emirates-deal-in-2006-documents%2Farticle561788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirates+business+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/emirates-rejects-blame-for-air-canada-woes/article1167407">Theglobeandmail.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/emirates-air-canada-clash-over-access/article1166252/">Theglobeandmail.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, p. 14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/english/about/public_affairs/canada/would_air_canada_be_impacted.aspx">Emirates.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emirates.com/media-centre/emirates-to-expand-global-network-with-launch-of-services-to-montreal-in-july/">"Emirates to expand global network with launch of services to Montréal in July"</a>. <i>Emirates</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Emirates&rft.atitle=Emirates+to+expand+global+network+with+launch+of+services+to+Montr%C3%A9al+in+July&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emirates.com%2Fmedia-centre%2Femirates-to-expand-global-network-with-launch-of-services-to-montreal-in-july%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirates+business+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0905/S00512.htm">Scoop.co.nz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/english/about/public_affairs/emirates_and_europe/a_trade_based_relationship.aspx">Emirates.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airflights.to/Airlines/Asia/UAE/Emirates-flights/Emirates-flights.php5">Airflights.to</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090326/BUSINESS/37258667&SearchID=73350640756106">Thenational.ae</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/english/about/public_affairs/emirates_and_europe/berlin_stuttgart.aspx">Emirates.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessandleadership.com/news/article/17737/leadership/germany-forces-emirates-to-raise-business-fares">Business & Leadership, Leadership: Germany forces Emirates to raise business fares, 20.11.2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625142518/http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1258661136.html">"AIRwise (Hub Page > Airwise News > Airline News > Germany tells non-EU airlines to raise prices, 19 November 2009)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1258661136.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AIRwise+%28Hub+Page+%3E+Airwise+News+%3E+Airline+News+%3E+Germany+tells+non-EU+airlines+to+raise+prices%2C+19+November+2009%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.airwise.com%2Fstory%2Fview%2F1258661136.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmirates+business+model" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/uk/english/images/12_tcm275-523298.pdf">Tim Clark, President, Emirates Airline: Speech to the European Aviation Club, 12 November 2009, pp. 15/6</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirates_business_model&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emirates.com/ae/english/">Emirates.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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