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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="watermarking security"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2821</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: watermarking security</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2821</span> Secure Watermarking not at the Cost of Low Robustness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Cao">Jian Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a novel watermarking technique which we call the random direction embedding (RDE) watermarking. Unlike traditional watermarking techniques, the watermark energy after the RDE embedding does not focus on a fixed direction, leading to the security against the traditional unauthorized watermark removal attack. In addition, the experimental results show that when compared with the existing secure watermarking, namely natural watermarking (NW), the RDE watermarking gains significant improvement in terms of robustness. In fact, the security of the RDE watermarking is not at the cost of low robustness, and it can even achieve more robust than the traditional spread spectrum watermarking, which has been shown to be very insecure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title="robustness">robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum%20watermarking" title=" spread spectrum watermarking"> spread spectrum watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security" title=" watermarking security"> watermarking security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20direction%20embedding%20%28RDE%29" title=" random direction embedding (RDE)"> random direction embedding (RDE)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13722/secure-watermarking-not-at-the-cost-of-low-robustness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2820</span> Effects of Reversible Watermarking on Iris Recognition Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Lock">Andrew Lock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alastair%20Allen"> Alastair Allen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fragile watermarking has been proposed as a means of adding additional security or functionality to biometric systems, particularly for authentication and tamper detection. In this paper we describe an experimental study on the effect of watermarking iris images with a particular class of fragile algorithm, reversible algorithms, and the ability to correctly perform iris recognition. We investigate two scenarios, matching watermarked images to unmodiﬁed images, and matching watermarked images to watermarked images. We show that different watermarking schemes give very different results for a given capacity, highlighting the importance of investigation. At high embedding rates most algorithms cause significant reduction in recognition performance. However, in many cases, for low embedding rates, recognition accuracy is improved by the watermarking process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title="biometrics">biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iris%20recognition" title=" iris recognition"> iris recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20watermarking" title=" reversible watermarking"> reversible watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vision%20engineering" title=" vision engineering"> vision engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9663/effects-of-reversible-watermarking-on-iris-recognition-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2819</span> Optimized and Secured Digital Watermarking Using Fuzzy Entropy, Bezier Curve and Visual Cryptography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rama%20Kishore">R. Rama Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunesh"> Sunesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent development in the usage of internet for different purposes creates a great threat for the copyright protection of the digital images. Digital watermarking can be used to address the problem. This paper presents detailed review of the different watermarking techniques, latest trends in the field of secured, robust and imperceptible watermarking. It also discusses the different optimization techniques used in the field of watermarking in order to improve the robustness and imperceptibility of the method. Different measures are discussed to evaluate the performance of the watermarking algorithm. At the end, this paper proposes a watermarking algorithm using (2, 2) share visual cryptography and Bezier curve based algorithm to improve the security of the watermark. The proposed method uses fractional transformation to improve the robustness of the copyright protection of the method. The algorithm is optimized using fuzzy entropy for better results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title="digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20transform" title=" fractional transform"> fractional transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cryptography" title=" visual cryptography"> visual cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bezier%20curve" title=" Bezier curve"> Bezier curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20entropy" title=" fuzzy entropy"> fuzzy entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89843/optimized-and-secured-digital-watermarking-using-fuzzy-entropy-bezier-curve-and-visual-cryptography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2818</span> A Watermarking Signature Scheme with Hidden Watermarks and Constraint Functions in the Symmetric Key Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanmin%20Zhao">Yanmin Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siu%20Ming%20Yiu"> Siu Ming Yiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To claim the ownership for an executable program is a non-trivial task. An emerging direction is to add a watermark to the program such that the watermarked program preserves the original program’s functionality and removing the watermark would heavily destroy the functionality of the watermarked program. In this paper, the first watermarking signature scheme with the watermark and the constraint function hidden in the symmetric key setting is constructed. The scheme uses well-known techniques of lattice trapdoors and a lattice evaluation. The watermarking signature scheme is unforgeable under the Short Integer Solution (SIS) assumption and satisfies other security requirements such as the unremovability security property. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20integer%20solution%20%28SIS%29%20problem" title="short integer solution (SIS) problem">short integer solution (SIS) problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric-key%20setting" title=" symmetric-key setting"> symmetric-key setting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20schemes" title=" watermarking schemes"> watermarking schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarked%20signatures" title=" watermarked signatures"> watermarked signatures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126087/a-watermarking-signature-scheme-with-hidden-watermarks-and-constraint-functions-in-the-symmetric-key-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126087.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2817</span> Digital Cinema Watermarking State of Art and Comparison</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kelkoul">H. Kelkoul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Zaz"> Y. Zaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the vigorous popularity of video processing techniques has resulted in an explosive growth of multimedia data illegal use. So, watermarking security has received much more attention. The purpose of this paper is to explore some watermarking techniques in order to observe their specificities and select the finest methods to apply in digital cinema domain against movie piracy by creating an invisible watermark that includes the date, time and the place where the hacking was done. We have studied three principal watermarking techniques in the frequency domain: Spread spectrum, Wavelet transform domain and finally the digital cinema watermarking transform domain. In this paper, a detailed technique is presented where embedding is performed using direct sequence spread spectrum technique in DWT transform domain. Experiment results shows that the algorithm provides high robustness and good imperceptibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20cinema" title="digital cinema">digital cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title=" watermarking"> watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20DWT" title=" wavelet DWT"> wavelet DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum" title=" spread spectrum"> spread spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JPEG2000%20MPEG4" title=" JPEG2000 MPEG4"> JPEG2000 MPEG4</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61470/digital-cinema-watermarking-state-of-art-and-comparison" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2816</span> A Hybrid Digital Watermarking Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazish%20Saleem%20Abbas">Nazish Saleem Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Haris%20Jamil"> Muhammad Haris Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Sharif"> Hamid Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital watermarking is a technique that allows an individual to add and hide secret information, copyright notice, or other verification message inside a digital audio, video, or image. Today, with the advancement of technology, modern healthcare systems manage patients’ diagnostic information in a digital way in many countries. When transmitted between hospitals through the internet, the medical data becomes vulnerable to attacks and requires security and confidentiality. Digital watermarking techniques are used in order to ensure the authenticity, security and management of medical images and related information. This paper proposes a watermarking technique that embeds a watermark in medical images imperceptibly and securely. In this work, digital watermarking on medical images is carried out using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) with the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The proposed methods of embedding and extraction of a watermark in a watermarked image are performed in the frequency domain using LSB by XOR operation. The quality of the watermarked medical image is measured by the Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). It was observed that the watermarked medical image obtained performing XOR operation between DCT and LSB survived compression attack having a PSNR up to 38.98. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCT" title=" DCT"> DCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSB" title=" LSB"> LSB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSNR" title=" PSNR"> PSNR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185946/a-hybrid-digital-watermarking-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2815</span> Prosperous Digital Image Watermarking Approach by Using DCT-DWT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhakar%20C.%20Dhavale">Prabhakar C. Dhavale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meenakshi%20M.%20Pawar"> Meenakshi M. Pawar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, everyday tons of data is embedded on digital media or distributed over the internet. The data is so distributed that it can easily be replicated without error, putting the rights of their owners at risk. Even when encrypted for distribution, data can easily be decrypted and copied. One way to discourage illegal duplication is to insert information known as watermark, into potentially valuable data in such a way that it is impossible to separate the watermark from the data. These challenges motivated researchers to carry out intense research in the field of watermarking. A watermark is a form, image or text that is impressed onto paper, which provides evidence of its authenticity. Digital watermarking is an extension of the same concept. There are two types of watermarks visible watermark and invisible watermark. In this project, we have concentrated on implementing watermark in image. The main consideration for any watermarking scheme is its robustness to various attacks <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital" title=" digital"> digital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCT-DWT" title=" DCT-DWT"> DCT-DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3228/prosperous-digital-image-watermarking-approach-by-using-dct-dwt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2814</span> Digital Watermarking Using Fractional Transform and (k,n) Halftone Visual Cryptography (HVC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rama%20Kishore">R. Rama Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunesh%20Malik"> Sunesh Malik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development in the usage of internet for different purposes in recent times creates great threat for the copy right protection of the digital images. Digital watermarking is the best way to rescue from the said problem. This paper presents detailed review of the different watermarking techniques, latest trends in the field and categorized like spatial and transform domain, blind and non-blind methods, visible and non visible techniques etc. It also discusses the different optimization techniques used in the field of watermarking in order to improve the robustness and imperceptibility of the method. Different measures are discussed to evaluate the performance of the watermarking algorithm. At the end, this paper proposes a watermarking algorithm using (k.n) shares of halftone visual cryptography (HVC) instead of (2, 2) share cryptography. (k,n) shares visual cryptography improves the security of the watermark. As halftone is a method of reprographic, it helps in improving the visual quality of watermark image. The proposed method uses fractional transformation to improve the robustness of the copyright protection of the method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title="digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20transform" title=" fractional transform"> fractional transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halftone" title=" halftone"> halftone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cryptography" title=" visual cryptography"> visual cryptography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61578/digital-watermarking-using-fractional-transform-and-kn-halftone-visual-cryptography-hvc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2813</span> Implementation of Invisible Digital Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Monisha">V. Monisha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Sindhuja"> D. Sindhuja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sowmiya"> M. Sowmiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the decade, the applications about multimedia have been developed rapidly. The advancement in the communication field at the faster pace, it is necessary to protect the data during transmission. Thus, security of multimedia contents becomes a vital issue, and it is a need for protecting the digital content against malfunctions. Digital watermarking becomes the solution for the copyright protection and authentication of data in the network. In multimedia applications, embedded watermarks should be robust, and imperceptible. For improving robustness, the discrete wavelet transform is used. Both encoding and extraction algorithm can be done using MATLAB R2012a. In this Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain of digital image, watermarking algorithm is used, and hardware implementation can be done on Xilinx based FPGA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title="digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWT" title=" DWT"> DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47802/implementation-of-invisible-digital-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2812</span> Blind Watermarking Using Discrete Wavelet Transform Algorithm with Patchwork</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toni%20Maristela%20C.%20Estabillo">Toni Maristela C. Estabillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20V.%20Matienzo"> Michaela V. Matienzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikaela%20L.%20Sabangan"> Mikaela L. Sabangan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosette%20M.%20Tienzo"> Rosette M. Tienzo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justine%20L.%20Bahinting"> Justine L. Bahinting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about blind watermarking on images with different categories and properties using two algorithms namely, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Patchwork Algorithm. A program is created to perform watermark embedding, extraction and evaluation. The evaluation is based on three watermarking criteria namely: image quality degradation, perceptual transparency and security. Image quality is measured by comparing the original properties with the processed one. Perceptual transparency is measured by a visual inspection on a survey. Security is measured by implementing geometrical and non-geometrical attacks through a pass or fail testing. Values used to measure the following criteria are mostly based on Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The results are based on statistical methods used to interpret and collect data such as averaging, z Test and survey. The study concluded that the combined DWT and Patchwork algorithms were less efficient and less capable of watermarking than DWT algorithm only. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blind%20watermarking" title="blind watermarking">blind watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20algorithm" title=" discrete wavelet transform algorithm"> discrete wavelet transform algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patchwork%20algorithm" title=" patchwork algorithm"> patchwork algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermark" title=" digital watermark"> digital watermark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49404/blind-watermarking-using-discrete-wavelet-transform-algorithm-with-patchwork" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2811</span> Robust Medical Image Watermarking Using Frequency Domain and Least Significant Bits Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volkan%20Kaya">Volkan Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ersin%20Elbasi"> Ersin Elbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Watermarking and stenography are getting importance recently because of copyright protection and authentication. In watermarking we embed stamp, logo, noise or image to multimedia elements such as image, video, audio, animation and text. There are several works have been done in watermarking for different purposes. In this research work, we used watermarking techniques to embed patient information into the medical magnetic resonance (MR) images. There are two methods have been used; frequency domain (Digital Wavelet Transform-DWT, Digital Cosine Transform-DCT, and Digital Fourier Transform-DFT) and spatial domain (Least Significant Bits-LSB) domain. Experimental results show that embedding in frequency domains resist against one type of attacks, and embedding in spatial domain is resist against another group of attacks. Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Similarity Ratio (SR) values are two measurement values for testing. These two values give very promising result for information hiding in medical MR images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20image" title=" medical image"> medical image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20domain" title=" frequency domain"> frequency domain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20significant%20bits" title=" least significant bits"> least significant bits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75214/robust-medical-image-watermarking-using-frequency-domain-and-least-significant-bits-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2810</span> Robust Medical Image Watermarking based on Contourlet and Extraction Using ICA </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Saju">S. Saju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Thirugnanam"> G. Thirugnanam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a medical image watermarking algorithm based on contourlet is proposed. Medical image watermarking is a special subcategory of image watermarking in the sense that images have special requirements. Watermarked medical images should not differ perceptually from their original counterparts because clinical reading of images must not be affected. Watermarking techniques based on wavelet transform are reported in many literatures but robustness and security using contourlet are better when compared to wavelet transform. The main challenge in exploring geometry in images comes from the discrete nature of the data. In this paper, original image is decomposed to two level using contourlet and the watermark is embedded in the resultant sub-bands. Sub-band selection is based on the value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) that is calculated between watermarked and original image. To extract the watermark, Kernel ICA is used and it has a novel characteristic is that it does not require the transformation process to extract the watermark. Simulation results show that proposed scheme is robust against attacks such as Salt and Pepper noise, Median filtering and rotation. The performance measures like PSNR and Similarity measure are evaluated and compared with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to prove the robustness of the scheme. Simulations are carried out using Matlab Software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title="digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20component%20analysis" title=" independent component analysis"> independent component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contourlet" title=" contourlet"> contourlet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21817/robust-medical-image-watermarking-based-on-contourlet-and-extraction-using-ica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2809</span> Denoising Convolutional Neural Network Assisted Electrocardiogram Signal Watermarking for Secure Transmission in E-Healthcare Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Rani">Jyoti Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashima%20Anand"> Ashima Anand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivendra%20Shivani"> Shivendra Shivani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, physiological signals obtained in telemedicine have been stored independently from patient information. In addition, people have increasingly turned to mobile devices for information on health-related topics. Major authentication and security issues may arise from this storing, degrading the reliability of diagnostics. This study introduces an approach to reversible watermarking, which ensures security by utilizing the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal as a carrier for embedding patient information. In the proposed work, Pan-Tompkins++ is employed to convert the 1D ECG signal into a 2D signal. The frequency subbands of a signal are extracted using RDWT(Redundant discrete wavelet transform), and then one of the subbands is subjected to MSVD (Multiresolution singular valued decomposition for masking. Finally, the encrypted watermark is embedded within the signal. The experimental results show that the watermarked signal obtained is indistinguishable from the original signals, ensuring the preservation of all diagnostic information. In addition, the DnCNN (Denoising convolutional neural network) concept is used to denoise the retrieved watermark for improved accuracy. The proposed ECG signal-based watermarking method is supported by experimental results and evaluations of its effectiveness. The results of the robustness tests demonstrate that the watermark is susceptible to the most prevalent watermarking attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title="ECG">ECG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VMD" title=" VMD"> VMD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title=" watermarking"> watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PanTompkins%2B%2B" title=" PanTompkins++"> PanTompkins++</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RDWT" title=" RDWT"> RDWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DnCNN" title=" DnCNN"> DnCNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSVD" title=" MSVD"> MSVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20encryption" title=" chaotic encryption"> chaotic encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attacks" title=" attacks"> attacks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174732/denoising-convolutional-neural-network-assisted-electrocardiogram-signal-watermarking-for-secure-transmission-in-e-healthcare-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2808</span> High Capacity Reversible Watermarking through Interpolated Error Shifting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae-Yeoun%20Lee">Hae-Yeoun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reversible watermarking that not only protects the copyright but also preserve the original quality of the digital content have been intensively studied. In particular, the demand for reversible watermarking has increased. In this paper, we propose a reversible watermarking scheme based on interpolation-error shifting and error precompensation. The intensity of a pixel is interpolated from the intensities of neighbouring pixels, and the difference histogram between the interpolated and the original intensities is obtained and modified to embed the watermark message. By restoring the difference histogram, the embedded watermark is extracted and the original image is recovered by compensating for the interpolation error. The overflow and underflow are prevented by error precompensation. To show the performance of the method, the proposed algorithm is compared with other methods using various test images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20watermarking" title="reversible watermarking">reversible watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20capacity" title=" high capacity"> high capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20quality" title=" high quality"> high quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpolated%20error%20shifting" title=" interpolated error shifting"> interpolated error shifting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20precompensation" title=" error precompensation"> error precompensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7023/high-capacity-reversible-watermarking-through-interpolated-error-shifting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2807</span> Reversible and Adaptive Watermarking for MRI Medical Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisar%20Ahmed%20Memon">Nisar Ahmed Memon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new medical image watermarking scheme delivering high embedding capacity is presented in this paper. Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT), Companding technique and adaptive thresholding are used in this scheme. The proposed scheme implants, recovers the hidden information and restores the input image to its pristine state at the receiving end. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images are used for experimental purposes. The scheme first segment the MRI medical image into non-overlapping blocks and then inserts watermark into wavelet coefficients having a high frequency of each block. The scheme uses block-based watermarking adopting iterative optimization of threshold for companding in order to avoid the histogram pre and post processing. Results show that proposed scheme performs better than other reversible medical image watermarking schemes available in literature for MRI medical images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20thresholding" title="adaptive thresholding">adaptive thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=companding%20technique" title=" companding technique"> companding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20authentication" title=" data authentication"> data authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reversible%20watermarking" title=" reversible watermarking"> reversible watermarking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57365/reversible-and-adaptive-watermarking-for-mri-medical-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2806</span> Medical Image Watermark and Tamper Detection Using Constant Correlation Spread Spectrum Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20U.%20Eze">Peter U. Eze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Udaya"> P. Udaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20J.%20Evans"> Robin J. Evans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data hiding can be achieved by Steganography or invisible digital watermarking. For digital watermarking, both accurate retrieval of the embedded watermark and the integrity of the cover image are important. Medical image security in Teleradiology is one of the applications where the embedded patient record needs to be extracted with accuracy as well as the medical image integrity verified. In this research paper, the Constant Correlation Spread Spectrum digital watermarking for medical image tamper detection and accurate embedded watermark retrieval is introduced. In the proposed method, a watermark bit from a patient record is spread in a medical image sub-block such that the correlation of all watermarked sub-blocks with a spreading code, W, would have a constant value, <em>p.</em> The constant correlation <em>p</em>, spreading code, W and the size of the sub-blocks constitute the secret key. Tamper detection is achieved by flagging any sub-block whose correlation value deviates by more than a small value, ℇ, from <em>p</em>. The major features of our new scheme include: (1) Improving watermark detection accuracy for high-pixel depth medical images by reducing the Bit Error Rate (BER) to Zero and (2) block-level tamper detection in a single computational process with simultaneous watermark detection, thereby increasing utility with the same computational cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constant%20Correlation" title="Constant Correlation">Constant Correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medical%20Image" title=" Medical Image"> Medical Image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spread%20Spectrum" title=" Spread Spectrum"> Spread Spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamper%20Detection" title=" Tamper Detection"> Tamper Detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watermarking" title=" Watermarking"> Watermarking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84629/medical-image-watermark-and-tamper-detection-using-constant-correlation-spread-spectrum-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84629.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2805</span> New Approach for Constructing a Secure Biometric Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kebbeb">A. Kebbeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mostefai"> M. Mostefai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Benmerzoug"> F. Benmerzoug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chahir"> Y. Chahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The multimodal biometric identification is the combination of several biometric systems. The challenge of this combination is to reduce some limitations of systems based on a single modality while significantly improving performance. In this paper, we propose a new approach to the construction and the protection of a multimodal biometric database dedicated to an identification system. We use a topological watermarking to hide the relation between face image and the registered descriptors extracted from other modalities of the same person for more secure user identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometric%20databases" title="biometric databases">biometric databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20biometrics" title=" multimodal biometrics"> multimodal biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20authentication" title=" security authentication"> security authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title=" digital watermarking"> digital watermarking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3126/new-approach-for-constructing-a-secure-biometric-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2804</span> A Robust Hybrid Blind Digital Image Watermarking System Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Contourlet Transform </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidal%20F.%20Shilbayeh">Nidal F. Shilbayeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belal%20AbuHaija"> Belal AbuHaija</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20N.%20Al-Qudsy"> Zainab N. Al-Qudsy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a hybrid blind digital watermarking system using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Contourlet Transform (CT) has been implemented and tested. The implemented combined digital watermarking system has been tested against five common types of image attacks. The performance evaluation shows improved results in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and high tolerance against these attacks; accordingly, the system is very effective and applicable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform%20%28DWT%29" title="discrete wavelet transform (DWT)">discrete wavelet transform (DWT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contourlet%20transform%20%28CT%29" title=" contourlet transform (CT)"> contourlet transform (CT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20watermarking" title=" digital image watermarking"> digital image watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20protection" title=" copyright protection"> copyright protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20attack" title=" geometric attack"> geometric attack</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69379/a-robust-hybrid-blind-digital-image-watermarking-system-using-discrete-wavelet-transform-and-contourlet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2803</span> Robust Data Image Watermarking for Data Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsh%20Vikram%20Singh">Harsh Vikram Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Rai"> Ankur Rai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anand%20Mohan"> Anand Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose secure and robust data hiding algorithm based on DCT by Arnold transform and chaotic sequence. The watermark image is scrambled by Arnold cat map to increases its security and then the chaotic map is used for watermark signal spread in middle band of DCT coefficients of the cover image The chaotic map can be used as pseudo-random generator for digital data hiding, to increase security and robustness .Performance evaluation for robustness and imperceptibility of proposed algorithm has been made using bit error rate (BER), normalized correlation (NC), and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value for different watermark and cover images such as Lena, Girl, Tank images and gain factor .We use a binary logo image and text image as watermark. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher security and robustness against JPEG compression as well as other attacks such as addition of noise, low pass filtering and cropping attacks compared to other existing algorithm using DCT coefficients. Moreover, to recover watermarks in proposed algorithm, there is no need to original cover image. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20hiding" title="data hiding">data hiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title=" watermarking"> watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCT" title=" DCT"> DCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20sequence" title=" chaotic sequence"> chaotic sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arnold%20transforms" title=" arnold transforms"> arnold transforms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29055/robust-data-image-watermarking-for-data-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2802</span> Improved Processing Speed for Text Watermarking Algorithm in Color Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20A.%20Al-Sewadi">Hamza A. Al-Sewadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20N.%20A.%20Aldakari"> Akram N. A. Aldakari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Copyright protection and ownership proof of digital multimedia are achieved nowadays by digital watermarking techniques. A text watermarking algorithm for protecting the property rights and ownership judgment of color images is proposed in this paper. Embedding is achieved by inserting texts elements randomly into the color image as noise. The YIQ image processing model is found to be faster than other image processing methods, and hence, it is adopted for the embedding process. An optional choice of encrypting the text watermark before embedding is also suggested (in case required by some applications), where, the text can is encrypted using any enciphering technique adding more difficulty to hackers. Experiments resulted in embedding speed improvement of more than double the speed of other considered systems (such as least significant bit method, and separate color code methods), and a fairly acceptable level of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) with low mean square error values for watermarking purposes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title="steganography">steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title=" watermarking"> watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20complexity%20measurements" title=" time complexity measurements"> time complexity measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20keys" title=" private keys"> private keys</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85280/improved-processing-speed-for-text-watermarking-algorithm-in-color-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2801</span> Digital Watermarking Based on Visual Cryptography and Histogram</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rama%20Kishore">R. Rama Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunesh"> Sunesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, robust and secure watermarking algorithm and its optimization have been need of the hour. A watermarking algorithm is presented to achieve the copy right protection of the owner based on visual cryptography, histogram shape property and entropy. In this, both host image and watermark are preprocessed. Host image is preprocessed by using Butterworth filter, and watermark is with visual cryptography. Applying visual cryptography on water mark generates two shares. One share is used for embedding the watermark, and the other one is used for solving any dispute with the aid of trusted authority. Usage of histogram shape makes the process more robust against geometric and signal processing attacks. The combination of visual cryptography, Butterworth filter, histogram, and entropy can make the algorithm more robust, imperceptible, and copy right protection of the owner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title="digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cryptography" title=" visual cryptography"> visual cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histogram" title=" histogram"> histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butter%20worth%20filter" title=" butter worth filter"> butter worth filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48320/digital-watermarking-based-on-visual-cryptography-and-histogram" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2800</span> Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm vs. Genetic Algorithm for Image Watermarking Based Discrete Wavelet Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omaima%20N.%20Ahmad%20AL-Allaf">Omaima N. Ahmad AL-Allaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over communication networks, images can be easily copied and distributed in an illegal way. The copyright protection for authors and owners is necessary. Therefore, the digital watermarking techniques play an important role as a valid solution for authority problems. Digital image watermarking techniques are used to hide watermarks into images to achieve copyright protection and prevent its illegal copy. Watermarks need to be robust to attacks and maintain data quality. Therefore, we discussed in this paper two approaches for image watermarking, first is based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the second approach is based on Genetic Algorithm (GA). Discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) is used with the two approaches separately for embedding process to cover image transformation. Each of PSO and GA is based on co-relation coefficient to detect the high energy coefficient watermark bit in the original image and then hide the watermark in original image. Many experiments were conducted for the two approaches with different values of PSO and GA parameters. From experiments, PSO approach got better results with PSNR equal 53, MSE equal 0.0039. Whereas GA approach got PSNR equal 50.5 and MSE equal 0.0048 when using population size equal to 100, number of iterations equal to 150 and 3×3 block. According to the results, we can note that small block size can affect the quality of image watermarking based PSO/GA because small block size can increase the search area of the watermarking image. Better PSO results were obtained when using swarm size equal to 100. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20watermarking" title="image watermarking">image watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform" title=" discrete wavelet transform"> discrete wavelet transform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76473/particle-swarm-optimization-algorithm-vs-genetic-algorithm-for-image-watermarking-based-discrete-wavelet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2799</span> Optimized and Secured Digital Watermarking Using Entropy, Chaotic Grid Map and Its Performance Analysis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rama%20Kishore">R. Rama Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunesh"> Sunesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an optimized, robust, and secured watermarking technique. The methodology used in this work is the combination of entropy and chaotic grid map. The proposed methodology incorporates Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on the host image. To improve the imperceptibility of the method, the host image DCT blocks, where the watermark is to be embedded, are further optimized by considering the entropy of the blocks. Chaotic grid is used as a key to reorder the DCT blocks so that it will further increase security while selecting the watermark embedding locations and its sequence. Without a key, one cannot reveal the exact watermark from the watermarked image. The proposed method is implemented on four different images. It is concluded that the proposed method is giving better results in terms of imperceptibility measured through PSNR and found to be above 50. In order to prove the effectiveness of the method, the performance analysis is done after implementing different attacks on the watermarked images. It is found that the methodology is very strong against JPEG compression attack even with the quality parameter up to 15. The experimental results are confirming that the combination of entropy and chaotic grid map method is strong and secured to different image processing attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20watermarking" title="digital watermarking">digital watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discreate%20cosine%20transform" title=" discreate cosine transform"> discreate cosine transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20grid%20map" title=" chaotic grid map"> chaotic grid map</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93652/optimized-and-secured-digital-watermarking-using-entropy-chaotic-grid-map-and-its-performance-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2798</span> Lifting Wavelet Transform and Singular Values Decomposition for Secure Image Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siraa%20Ben%20Ftima">Siraa Ben Ftima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Talbi"> Mourad Talbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Ezzedine"> Tahar Ezzedine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a technique of secure watermarking of grayscale and color images. This technique consists in applying the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in LWT (Lifting Wavelet Transform) domain in order to insert the watermark image (grayscale) in the host image (grayscale or color image). It also uses signature in the embedding and extraction steps. The technique is applied on a number of grayscale and color images. The performance of this technique is proved by the PSNR (Pick Signal to Noise Ratio), the MSE (Mean Square Error) and the SSIM (structural similarity) computations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifting%20wavelet%20transform%20%28LWT%29" title="lifting wavelet transform (LWT)">lifting wavelet transform (LWT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-space%20vectorial%20decomposition" title=" sub-space vectorial decomposition"> sub-space vectorial decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure" title=" secure"> secure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20watermarking" title=" image watermarking"> image watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermark" title=" watermark"> watermark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70998/lifting-wavelet-transform-and-singular-values-decomposition-for-secure-image-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2797</span> Detection of Intentional Attacks in Images Based on Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazem%20Munawer%20Al-Otum">Hazem Munawer Al-Otum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, an efficient watermarking technique is proposed and can be used for detecting intentional attacks in RGB color images. The proposed technique can be implemented for image authentication and exhibits high robustness against unintentional common image processing attacks. It deploys two measures to discern between intentional and unintentional attacks based on using a quantization-based technique in a modified 2D multi-pyramidal DWT transform. Simulations have shown high accuracy in detecting intentionally attacked regions while exhibiting high robustness under moderate to severe common image processing attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20authentication" title="image authentication">image authentication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copyright%20protection" title=" copyright protection"> copyright protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-fragile%20watermarking" title=" semi-fragile watermarking"> semi-fragile watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tamper%20detection" title=" tamper detection"> tamper detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44443/detection-of-intentional-attacks-in-images-based-on-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2796</span> A Blind Three-Dimensional Meshes Watermarking Using the Interquartile Range</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emad%20E.%20Abdallah">Emad E. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20E.%20Abdallah"> Alaa E. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bajes%20Y.%20Alskarnah"> Bajes Y. Alskarnah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We introduce a robust three-dimensional watermarking algorithm for copyright protection and indexing. The basic idea behind our technique is to measure the interquartile range or the spread of the 3D model vertices. The algorithm starts by converting all the vertices to spherical coordinate followed by partitioning them into small groups. The proposed algorithm is slightly altering the interquartile range distribution of the small groups based on predefined watermark. The experimental results on several 3D meshes prove perceptual invisibility and the robustness of the proposed technique against the most common attacks including compression, noise, smoothing, scaling, rotation as well as combinations of these attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20models" title=" three-dimensional models"> three-dimensional models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptual%20invisibility" title=" perceptual invisibility"> perceptual invisibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interquartile%20range" title=" interquartile range"> interquartile range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20attacks" title=" 3D attacks"> 3D attacks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15946/a-blind-three-dimensional-meshes-watermarking-using-the-interquartile-range" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2795</span> Identity Management in Virtual Worlds Based on Biometrics Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bader">S. Bader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Essoukri%20Ben%20Amara"> N. Essoukri Ben Amara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the technological development and rise of virtual worlds, these spaces are becoming more and more attractive for cybercriminals, hidden behind avatars and fictitious identities. Since access to these spaces is not restricted or controlled, some impostors take advantage of gaining unauthorized access and practicing cyber criminality. This paper proposes an identity management approach for securing access to virtual worlds. The major purpose of the suggested solution is to install a strong security mechanism to protect virtual identities represented by avatars. Thus, only legitimate users, through their corresponding avatars, are allowed to access the platform resources. Access is controlled by integrating an authentication process based on biometrics. In the request process for registration, a user fingerprint is enrolled and then encrypted into a watermark utilizing a cancelable and non-invertible algorithm for its protection. After a user personalizes their representative character, the biometric mark is embedded into the avatar through a watermarking procedure. The authenticity of the avatar identity is verified when it requests authorization for access. We have evaluated the proposed approach on a dataset of avatars from various virtual worlds, and we have registered promising performance results in terms of authentication accuracy, acceptation and rejection rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20management" title="identity management">identity management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics%20authentication%20and%20authorization" title=" biometrics authentication and authorization"> biometrics authentication and authorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avatar" title=" avatar"> avatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20world" title=" virtual world"> virtual world</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50268/identity-management-in-virtual-worlds-based-on-biometrics-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2794</span> A Hybrid Watermarking Scheme Using Discrete and Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transformation For Color Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%BClent%20Kantar">Bülent Kantar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numan%20%C3%9Cnald%C4%B1"> Numan Ünaldı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new method which includes robust and invisible digital watermarking on images that is colored. Colored images are used as watermark. Frequency region is used for digital watermarking. Discrete wavelet transform and discrete stationary wavelet transform are used for frequency region transformation. Low, medium and high frequency coefficients are obtained by applying the two-level discrete wavelet transform to the original image. Low frequency coefficients are obtained by applying one level discrete stationary wavelet transform separately to all frequency coefficient of the two-level discrete wavelet transformation of the original image. For every low frequency coefficient obtained from one level discrete stationary wavelet transformation, watermarks are added. Watermarks are added to all frequency coefficients of two-level discrete wavelet transform. Totally, four watermarks are added to original image. In order to get back the watermark, the original and watermarked images are applied with two-level discrete wavelet transform and one level discrete stationary wavelet transform. The watermark is obtained from difference of the discrete stationary wavelet transform of the low frequency coefficients. A total of four watermarks are obtained from all frequency of two-level discrete wavelet transform. Obtained watermark results are compared with real watermark results, and a similarity result is obtained. A watermark is obtained from the highest similarity values. Proposed methods of watermarking are tested against attacks of the geometric and image processing. The results show that proposed watermarking method is robust and invisible. All features of frequencies of two level discrete wavelet transform watermarking are combined to get back the watermark from the watermarked image. Watermarks have been added to the image by converting the binary image. These operations provide us with better results in getting back the watermark from watermarked image by attacking of the geometric and image processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWT" title=" DWT"> DWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSWT" title=" DSWT"> DSWT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy%20right%20protection" title=" copy right protection"> copy right protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RGB" title=" RGB "> RGB </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16927/a-hybrid-watermarking-scheme-using-discrete-and-discrete-stationary-wavelet-transformation-for-color-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2793</span> 3D-Mesh Robust Watermarking Technique for Ownership Protection and Authentication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20A.%20Alenizi">Farhan A. Alenizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital watermarking has evolved in the past years as an important means for data authentication and ownership protection. The images and video watermarking was well known in the field of multimedia processing; however, 3D objects' watermarking techniques have emerged as an important means for the same purposes, as 3D mesh models are in increasing use in different areas of scientific, industrial, and medical applications. Like the image watermarking techniques, 3D watermarking can take place in either space or transform domains. Unlike images and video watermarking, where the frames have regular structures in both space and temporal domains, 3D objects are represented in different ways as meshes that are basically irregular samplings of surfaces; moreover, meshes can undergo a large variety of alterations which may be hard to tackle. This makes the watermarking process more challenging. While the transform domain watermarking is preferable in images and videos, they are still difficult to implement in 3d meshes due to the huge number of vertices involved and the complicated topology and geometry, and hence the difficulty to perform the spectral decomposition, even though significant work was done in the field. Spatial domain watermarking has attracted significant attention in the past years; they can either act on the topology or on the geometry of the model. Exploiting the statistical characteristics in the 3D mesh models from both geometrical and topological aspects was useful in hiding data. However, doing that with minimal surface distortions to the mesh attracted significant research in the field. A 3D mesh blind watermarking technique is proposed in this research. The watermarking method depends on modifying the vertices' positions with respect to the center of the object. An optimal method will be developed to reduce the errors, minimizing the distortions that the 3d object may experience due to the watermarking process, and reducing the computational complexity due to the iterations and other factors. The technique relies on the displacement process of the vertices' locations depending on the modification of the variances of the vertices’ norms. Statistical analyses were performed to establish the proper distributions that best fit each mesh, and hence establishing the bins sizes. Several optimizing approaches were introduced in the realms of mesh local roughness, the statistical distributions of the norms, and the displacements in the mesh centers. To evaluate the algorithm's robustness against other common geometry and connectivity attacks, the watermarked objects were subjected to uniform noise, Laplacian smoothing, vertices quantization, simplification, and cropping. Experimental results showed that the approach is robust in terms of both perceptual and quantitative qualities. It was also robust against both geometry and connectivity attacks. Moreover, the probability of true positive detection versus the probability of false-positive detection was evaluated. To validate the accuracy of the test cases, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn, and they’ve shown robustness from this aspect. 3D watermarking is still a new field but still a promising one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking" title="watermarking">watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20objects" title=" mesh objects"> mesh objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20roughness" title=" local roughness"> local roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20Smoothing" title=" Laplacian Smoothing"> Laplacian Smoothing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135460/3d-mesh-robust-watermarking-technique-for-ownership-protection-and-authentication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2792</span> Robust and Transparent Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Attari">Ali Akbar Attari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Asghar%20Beheshti%20Shirazi"> Ali Asghar Beheshti Shirazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a blind and robust audio watermarking scheme based on spread spectrum in Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain. Watermarks are embedded in the low-frequency coefficients, which is less audible. The key idea is dividing the audio signal into small frames, and magnitude of the 6<sup>th</sup> level of DWT approximation coefficients is modifying based upon the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technique. Also, the psychoacoustic model for enhancing in imperceptibility, as well as Savitsky-Golay filter for increasing accuracy in extraction, is used. The experimental results illustrate high robustness against most common attacks, i.e. Gaussian noise addition, Low pass filter, Resampling, Requantizing, MP3 compression, without significant perceptual distortion (ODG is higher than -1). The proposed scheme has about 83 bps data payload. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20watermarking" title="audio watermarking">audio watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spread%20spectrum" title=" spread spectrum"> spread spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transform" title=" discrete wavelet transform"> discrete wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoacoustic" title=" psychoacoustic"> psychoacoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitsky-Golay%20filter" title=" Savitsky-Golay filter"> Savitsky-Golay filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86040/robust-and-transparent-spread-spectrum-audio-watermarking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermarking%20security&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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