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females</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: females"> <meta name="keywords" content="females"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="females"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1266</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: females</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1266</span> Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Anemia among Females Attending Bolan Medical Complex Quetta, Balochistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdullah">A. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20ul%20Haq"> N. ul Haq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nasim"> A. Nasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of anemia among females attending Bolan Medical Complex Quetta, Balochistan. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study by adopting a questionnaire containing 3 dimensions knowledge (15 questions), Attitude (5 questions), and Practice (4 questions) for the assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of anemia among females was conducted. All females attending Bolan Medical Complex Quetta, Balochistan were approached for the study. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic and KAP related characteristics of the females regarding anemia.All data were analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) software program version 20.0. Results: Data was collected from six hundred and thirteen (613) participants. Majority of the respondents (n=180, 29.4%) were categorized in the age group of 29-33 years. Participants had knowledge regarding anemia was (n= 564, 91.9%), and attitude was (n= 516, 84.0%) whereas practice was (n=437, 71.3%). Multitative analysis revealed the negative correlation between Attitude-practice (P= -0.040) and a significant figure (0.001) was present between knowledge-attitude. Occupation and reason of diagnosis were not predictive of better KAP. Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Anemia shows a satisfactory response in this study. Furthermore, study finding implicates the need for health promotion among females. Improving nutritional knowledge and information related Anemia can result in better control and management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anemia" title="anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20attitude%20and%20practice" title=" knowledge attitude and practice"> knowledge attitude and practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females" title=" females"> females</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college" title=" college"> college</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85391/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-of-anemia-among-females-attending-bolan-medical-complex-quetta-balochistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1265</span> The Audio-Visual and Syntactic Priming Effect on Specific Language Impairment and Gender in Modern Standard Arabic </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Al-Dawoody">Mohammad Al-Dawoody</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims at exploring if priming is affected by gender in Modern Standard Arabic and if it is restricted solely to subjects with no specific language impairment (SLI). The sample in this study consists of 74 subjects, between the ages of 11;1 and 11;10, distributed into (a) 2 SLI experimental groups of 38 subjects divided into two gender groups of 18 females and 20 males and (b) 2 non-SLI control groups of 36 subjects divided into two gender groups of 17 females and 19 males. Employing a mixed research design, the researcher conducted this study within the framework of the relevance theory (RT) whose main assumption is that human beings are endowed with a biological ability to magnify the relevance of the incoming stimuli. Each of the four groups was given two different priming stimuli: audio-visual priming (T1) and syntactic priming (T2). The results showed that the priming effect was sheer distinct among SLI participants especially when retrieving typical responses (TR) in T1 and T2 with slight superiority of males over females. The results also revealed that non-SLI females showed stronger original response (OR) priming in T1 than males and that non-SLI males in T2 excelled in OR priming than females. Furthermore, the results suggested that the audio-visual priming has a stronger effect on SLI females than non-SLI females and that syntactic priming seems to have the same effect on the two groups (non-SLI and SLI females). The conclusion is that the priming effect varies according to gender and is not confined merely to non-SLI subjects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20language%20impairment" title="specific language impairment">specific language impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relevance%20theory" title=" relevance theory"> relevance theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio-visual%20priming" title=" audio-visual priming"> audio-visual priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactic%20priming" title=" syntactic priming"> syntactic priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20standard%20Arabic" title=" modern standard Arabic"> modern standard Arabic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98547/the-audio-visual-and-syntactic-priming-effect-on-specific-language-impairment-and-gender-in-modern-standard-arabic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1264</span> Anxiety and Change in Eating Habits and Health Behaviors among Adult Women during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Alexandria, Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Ahmed%20Abdelaziz">Heba Ahmed Abdelaziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20Tawfik%20Mohamed%20Ibrahim"> Doaa Tawfik Mohamed Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: COVID-19 pandemic is the major health problem facing the world recently, causing variable effects on mental health and eating behavior. Aim of the study: Identifying changes in eating patterns and other health behaviors in relation to the anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in adult females in Alexandria, Egypt. Method: 344 adult females (20+ years old), were included in online self-administered questionnaire. Results: Severe anxiety symptoms was among 34.6% of the studied females especially; those aged 25-40 years, married, non-working or student females, females who had change in their work routine (half or full time from home). Homemade pastries and bakery product then beverages followed by fresh fruits and vegetables were frequently consumed by the studied females than before lockdown while fast foods were decreased during lockdown. Overweight and obesity were high among most of the participants with different grades of anxiety symptoms. Females with moderate and severe anxiety symptoms reported increase in appetite and body weight with irregular sleeping during lockdown. Conclusion: the current study concluded that stressful situations like lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic is associated with anxiety (severe, moderate, mild then minimal, respectively) along with changes in eating habits, physical activity, sleeping pattern and smoking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lockdown" title=" lockdown"> lockdown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females" title=" females"> females</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eating" title=" eating"> eating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143756/anxiety-and-change-in-eating-habits-and-health-behaviors-among-adult-women-during-covid-19-pandemic-lockdown-in-alexandria-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1263</span> Relative Toxicity of Apparent Pesticides against Safflower Capsule Fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) under Laboratory Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Saeidi">Karim Saeidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a key pest of safflower in Iran. The toxicity of Methidathion, Malathion, Deltamethrin, and Lufenuron to adult males and females of Acanthiophilus helianthi was studied under laboratory conditions. Malathion was the most toxic among the tested compounds followed by Methidathion, Lufenuron, and Deltamethrin to Acanthiophilus helianthi at 24 h post treatment, the respective LC50 values were 0.40 ppm, 0.68 ppm, 10.99 ppm, and 11.75 ppm for males and 0.46 ppm, 0.97 ppm, 13.45 ppm, and 16.32 ppm for females. At 48 h post treatment, Malathion was the most toxic followed by Methidathion, Deltamethrin, and Lufenuron to Acanthiophilus helianthi, LC50 values were 0.08 ppm, 0.54 ppm, 1.80 ppm, and 1.96 ppm for males and 0.34 ppm, 0.64 ppm, 1.88 ppm, and 2.37 ppm for females. At 72 h post treatment, Malathion was the most toxic followed by Methidathion, Lufenuron, and Deltamethrin to Acanthiophilus helianthi LC50 values were 0.04 ppm, 0.33 ppm, 0.44 ppm, and 0.71 ppm for males and 0.09 ppm, 0.36 ppm, 0.75 ppm, and 0.82 ppm for females. It is observed that LC50 values for treated adult females increased more than in the treated adult males at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post treatment. It means that the adult males were more susceptible to the tested insecticides than the adult females. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safflower" title="safflower">safflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methidathion" title=" Methidathion"> Methidathion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deltamethrin" title=" Deltamethrin"> Deltamethrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lufenuron" title=" Lufenuron"> Lufenuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malathion" title=" Malathion"> Malathion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tephritidae" title=" Tephritidae"> Tephritidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safflower%20capsule%20fly" title=" safflower capsule fly"> safflower capsule fly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acanthiophilus%20helianthi" title=" Acanthiophilus helianthi "> Acanthiophilus helianthi </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17503/relative-toxicity-of-apparent-pesticides-against-safflower-capsule-fly-acanthiophilus-helianthi-rossi-diptera-tephritidae-under-laboratory-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1262</span> Vitamin A Status and Its Correlation with the Dietary Intake of Young Females of Lahore, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Fatima">Sarah Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20A.%20Malik"> Ahmad A. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Sadaf"> Saima Sadaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted in order to assess the dietary record and vitamin A status of young females of Lahore. A total sample of 376 consisted of 16 – 20 years of unmarried college going females. Three main tools were adopted: questionnaire, 3-day food diary and serum retinol test. The anthropometric measurements showed that a total of 32.6% of the sample was underweight (BMI < 18.5) and 54.5% had a healthy weight (BMI 18.5 – 22.9). The average Vitamin A intake of the sample was 257.95 µg/day while the RDA for the selected age group was 700 µg/day. The mean energy intake of the adolescents was 1153.64 kcal/ day, whereas the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) for this age group was 2368 kcal/day. The mean serum Vitamin A level was 24.81µg/dL. 69.6% of the sample was deficient in serum Vitamin A i.e. serum retinol < 24 µg/dL. 30.4% had serum retinol in normal limit (24 – 84 µg/dL) from which 25.3% lied in lower limit (24 – 44 µg/dL) and only 5.1% had serum retinol in 44 – 64 µg/dL range. A slightly negative correlation (r = - 0.21, 95% confidence interval) was found between dietary intake of Vitamin A and serum Vitamin A It was concluded that the dietary intake of major nutrients and vitamin A is not adequate in the selected group. This is also confirmed by the lower serum retinol levels. Hence, vitamin An intake and status are generally inadequate, and vitamin deficiency is prevalent in the unmarried young females of Lahore. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20A" title="vitamin A">vitamin A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20Females" title=" young Females"> young Females</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20deficiency" title=" vitamin deficiency"> vitamin deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lahore" title=" Lahore"> Lahore</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73538/vitamin-a-status-and-its-correlation-with-the-dietary-intake-of-young-females-of-lahore-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1261</span> Automated Detection of Women Dehumanization in English Text</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Wiss">Maha Wiss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wael%20Khreich"> Wael Khreich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Animals, objects, foods, plants, and other non-human terms are commonly used as a source of metaphors to describe females in formal and slang language. Comparing women to non-human items not only reflects cultural views that might conceptualize women as subordinates or in a lower position than humans, yet it conveys this degradation to the listeners. Moreover, the dehumanizing representation of females in the language normalizes the derogation and even encourages sexism and aggressiveness against women. Although dehumanization has been a popular research topic for decades, according to our knowledge, no studies have linked women's dehumanizing language to the machine learning field. Therefore, we introduce our research work as one of the first attempts to create a tool for the automated detection of the dehumanizing depiction of females in English texts. We also present the first labeled dataset on the charted topic, which is used for training supervised machine learning algorithms to build an accurate classification model. The importance of this work is that it accomplishes the first step toward mitigating dehumanizing language against females. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20bias" title="gender bias">gender bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP" title=" NLP"> NLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20dehumanization" title=" women dehumanization"> women dehumanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157291/automated-detection-of-women-dehumanization-in-english-text" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1260</span> Exploring the Use of Discourse Markers by American Male and Female Politicians: A Corpus Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gohar%20Rahman">Gohar Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Saad%20Ullah"> Rabia Saad Ullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to examine the use of discourse markers within the dominion of political speeches, differentiating between genders. The analysis centers on twelve speakers, comprising six males and six females. Speeches selected include commencement, victory, state union addresses, campaigns, and presidential speeches. Halliday and Hasan's cohesion framework, specifically discourse markers, is utilized as a theoretical framework. Data is quantitatively analyzed using AntConc to identify marker frequency. The findings are presented through Excel's tables and graphs, suggesting differences in discourse marker preferences between genders. The findings suggest a divergence in the preferences for discourse markers between males and females. However, asserting that females utilize discourse markers more frequently due to the increased use of filler words, face threat mitigation, and polite speech would be an exaggeration. The disparity in frequency is not substantial, suggesting that males and females exhibit varying language inclinations to some degree. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse%20markers" title="discourse markers">discourse markers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speeches" title=" speeches"> speeches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177467/exploring-the-use-of-discourse-markers-by-american-male-and-female-politicians-a-corpus-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1259</span> Use and Health Effects of Caffeinated Beverages in Omani Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiruddin%20Khan">Nasiruddin Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increased use of caffeinated beverages and energy drink is posing threat to all ages and gender especially, younger adults. There is a lack of scientific evidence in Oman regarding caffeine and energy drink consumption. Our study aims to demonstrate the prevalence, pattern, knowledge and awareness, and side effects of caffeine intake among university students. This cross-sectional study including (N=365) apparently healthy male and female Omani university students aged 18-30 years, was carried out from February 2018-June 2018. A self-administered questionnaire with various sections was used to obtain information. The prevalence of caffeinated beverage consumption was commonly high among participants (97%). The males preferred Nescafe, coffee (both p < 0.001), espresso (p < 0.022), and soda (p < 0.008) while females consumed more tea (p < 0.029). The awareness about negative health impact of caffeine intake was significantly higher in females rather than males (p < 0.002). The overall prevalence of energy drink consumption was 42.1% (n=149), and higher in males (75%, p < 0.001). More males consumed 3-5 and > 5 cans/day while females used 1-2 cans/day. The starting age of energy drink use was higher in females (16-20 years (51.1%)) as compared to males (11-15 years (33.3%)). Females were more aware of caffeine as energy drink ingredient (p < 0.036) than males. The major source of information about enery drink was family and friends (58.3%). Red Bull was the commonly used brand (55.5%) among participants. Common reasons for high energy drink consumption were energy boost (68.4 %), taste (62.9%), reduce fatigue (52.1%), and better performance (47.3%). Females reported breathing problem, and abnormal heart beat (p < 0.004, 0.054, respectively), while more males reported irritability than females (p < 0.052). The prevalence of caffeinated beverage and energy drink consumption is high among participants. The awareness, and knowledge among university student is not satisfactory and needs immediate action to avoid excess use of such consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20drink" title="energy drink">energy drink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caffeinated%20beverages" title=" caffeinated beverages"> caffeinated beverages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awareness" title=" awareness"> awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oman" title=" Oman"> Oman</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104348/use-and-health-effects-of-caffeinated-beverages-in-omani-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1258</span> Characterising the Processes Underlying Emotion Recognition Deficits in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayra%20Martin-Key">Nayra Martin-Key</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erich%20Graf"> Erich Graf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendy%20Adams"> Wendy Adams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graeme%20Fairchild"> Graeme Fairchild</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children and adolescents with Conduct Disorder (CD) have been shown to demonstrate impairments in emotion recognition, but it is currently unclear whether this deficit is related to specific emotions or whether it represents a global deficit in emotion recognition. An emotion recognition task with concurrent eye-tracking was employed to further explore this relationship in a sample of male and female adolescents with CD. Participants made emotion categorization judgements for presented dynamic and morphed static facial expressions. The results demonstrated that males with CD, and to a lesser extent, females with CD, displayed impaired facial expression recognition in general, whereas callous-unemotional (CU) traits were linked to specific problems in sadness recognition in females with CD. A region-of-interest analysis of the eye-tracking data indicated that males with CD exhibited reduced fixation times for the eye-region of the face compared to typically-developing (TD) females, but not TD males. Females with CD did not show reduced fixation to the eye-region of the face relative to TD females. In addition, CU traits did not influence CD subjects’ attention to the eye-region of the face. These findings suggest that the emotion recognition deficits found in CD males, the worst performing group in the behavioural tasks, are partly driven by reduced attention to the eyes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention" title="attention">attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=callous-unemotional%20traits" title=" callous-unemotional traits"> callous-unemotional traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conduct%20disorder" title=" conduct disorder"> conduct disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20recognition" title=" emotion recognition"> emotion recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-region" title=" eye-region"> eye-region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-tracking" title=" eye-tracking"> eye-tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20differences" title=" sex differences"> sex differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53331/characterising-the-processes-underlying-emotion-recognition-deficits-in-adolescents-with-conduct-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1257</span> Sociological Analysis of Fulfillment Regarding Basic Needs of Females(Women) at Home with Special Reference of Balochistan (Pakistan)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabana%20Mohammad">Shabana Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan"> Muhammad Irfan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to bring out the facts regarding the effects of gender discrimination in fulfilling the basic needs of females at home. The purpose of the study was to observe whether gender discrimination affects the fulfillment of their basic needs in comparison to male siblings. Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan geographically and has a tribal system. Due to having tribal systems, the women are not treated equally as men at home because males are considered the strength and privilege of tribes; males are more valuable because they support their families economically as well, and females are not allowed to work outside the home. That’s why females are deprived of their basic needs of life. The females (women) are neglected to have better nourishment, health facilities, easy access to get an education, safe house, and self-confidence. The type of research is quantitative, and data was collected from all government girls’ degree colleges of Quetta city (the capital of Balochistan province) under the age of 18. Two hundred (200) Students of all FA arts faculty (first year) were selected through simple random sampling (fishbowl draw). Data were analyzed by SPSS, and a coefficient test was applied to test the hypothesis. The regression of coefficient has a significant association between gender discrimination and basic needs (P-value =.000). The results showed that women are underprivileged from all basic needs (fundamental rights) of life, which are entitled to everyone by their birth because of male preference that creates gender disparity between men and women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20needs" title="basic needs">basic needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20of%20women%20at%20home" title=" value of women at home"> value of women at home</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hurdles%20of%20women" title=" hurdles of women "> hurdles of women </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129533/sociological-analysis-of-fulfillment-regarding-basic-needs-of-femaleswomen-at-home-with-special-reference-of-balochistan-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1256</span> Different Cultures, Different Communication Styles: Dating Interaction in Australian and Chinese TV Dating Shows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Yang">Ping Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dating interaction between males and females remains an interesting and mysterious event, particularly in different cultural contexts. This paper focuses on a comparative study of different communication styles males and females use while engaged in dating interaction in the Australian and Chinese contexts. Using communication accommodation theory (CAT) as an analytical framework, the researcher studies how the Australian males and females used a generally different communication style in an Australian dating show (Married at First Sight) than that used by their Chinese counterparts in a Chinese one (非诚勿扰, You Are the One). Based on the qualitative data analysis through NVivo 12 as a research tool, the researcher finds that Australian males and females generally use a divergent communication style characterized by self-orientation, directness, and confrontation, while Chinese counterparts use a convergent communication style characterized by other-orientation, indirectness, and non-confrontation. The researcher concludes with two possible reasons behind the similar TV dating event but with different dramas. One is due to different cultures with varying styles of communication, and the other is because of different drama effect designs suitable for different audience expectations in different cultural contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20styles" title="communication styles">communication styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20contexts" title=" cultural contexts"> cultural contexts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face-to-face%20interaction" title=" face-to-face interaction"> face-to-face interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TV%20dating." title=" TV dating."> TV dating.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156490/different-cultures-different-communication-styles-dating-interaction-in-australian-and-chinese-tv-dating-shows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1255</span> Chronic Toxicity of Halofenozide on a Larvivorous Fish, Gambusia affinis: Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-transferase Activities and Glutathione</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouahda%20Salima">Chouahda Salima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soltani%20Noureddine"> Soltani Noureddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is a part of biological control against mosquitoes. It aims to assess the impact of a selective insect growth regulator: halofenozide in mosquitofish: Gambusia affinis. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) used in assessing of environmental stress were measured in juveniles and adults males and females. The response of these biomarkers reveals an inhibition of AChE specific activity, an induction of GST activity, and decrease of GSH rates in juveniles in the end of experiment and during chronic treatment adult males and females. The effect of these biomarkers is more pronounced in females compared to males and juveniles. These different biomarkers have a similar profile for the duration of exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20toxicity" title=" chronic toxicity"> chronic toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halofenozide" title=" halofenozide"> halofenozide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gambusia%20affinis" title=" Gambusia affinis"> Gambusia affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32658/chronic-toxicity-of-halofenozide-on-a-larvivorous-fish-gambusia-affinis-acetylcholinesterase-glutathione-s-transferase-activities-and-glutathione" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1254</span> Females’ Usage Patterns of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the Vhembe District, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fulufhelo%20Oscar%20Maphiri-Makananise">Fulufhelo Oscar Maphiri-Makananise</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this paper is to explore and provide substantiated evidence based on the usage patterns of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by females in the Vhembe District in Limpopo-Province, South Africa. The study presents a broader picture and understanding about the usage of ICTs from female’s perspective. The significance of this study stems from the need to discover the role, relevance and usage patterns of ICTs such as smartphones, computers, laptops, and iPods, internet and social networking sites among females following the trends of new media technologies in the society. The main objective of the study was to investigate the usability and accessibility of ICTs to empower the Vhembe District females in South Africa. The study used quantitative research method together with elements of qualitative research to determine the major ideas, perceptions and usage patterns of ICTs by females in the District. Data collection involved structured and self-administered questionnaire with both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Two groups of respondents participated in this study. Media Studies female students (n=50) at the University of Venda provided their ideas and perceptions about the usefulness and usage patterns of ICTs such as smartphones, internet and computers at the university level, while the second group were (n=50) Makhado comprehensive school learners who also provided their perceptions and ideas about the use of ICTs at the high school level. Also, the study provides a more balanced, accurate and rational results on the pertinent issues that concern the use of ICTs by females in the Vhembe District. The researcher also believes that the findings of the study are useful as a guideline and model for ICT intervention that work as an empowerment to women in South Africa. The study showed that the main purpose of using ICTs by females was to search information for writing assignments, conducting research, dating, exchanging ideas and networking with friends and relatives that are also members of social networking sites and maintaining existing friends in real life. The study further revealed that most females were using ICTs for social purposes and accessing the internet than entertaining themselves. The finding also indicated a high number of females that used ICTs for e-learning (62%) and social purposes (85%). Moreover, the study centred on providing strong insightful information on the females’ usage patterns and their perceptions of ICTs in the Vhembe district of Limpopo province. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20users" title="female users">female users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communication%20technologies" title=" information and communication technologies"> information and communication technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=usage%20patterns" title=" usage patterns"> usage patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34680/females-usage-patterns-of-information-and-communication-technologies-icts-in-the-vhembe-district-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1253</span> The Current Status and Abundance of the Genus Citharinus in Jebba Lake, Niger State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20B.%20Mshelia">M. B. Mshelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20K%20Balogun"> J. K Balogun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Auta"> J. Auta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20O.%20Bankole"> N. O. Bankole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current status and abundance of the genus Citharinus was carried out in Jebba Lake, Niger State, Nigeria from January to December, 2011. The aim was to determine the extent of exploitation of the genus Citharinus in Jebba Lake so as to advice the government of Nigeria on how to overcome difficulties in terms of the sustainability of the said fish in the Lake. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data obtained. A total of 2,389 of the genus Citharinus were caught during the sampling period. Only two species of the genus Citharinus were caught with 1,220 in number and 430.68kg total weight of Citharinus citharus and 1,169 in number and 418.56kg total weight of Citharinus latus). The current total yield estimated for the genus Citharinus in Jebba Lake in the six (6) sampling sites was calculated and pooled together to be 849.24kg. A day’s catch was calculated to be 35.38kg. The monthly and annual yields of the genus Citharinus were calculated to 1061.55 equivalents to 1 ton and 12 metric tonnes respectively. For the fecundity, June, July and August were discovered as the spawning period for the genus Citharinus and out of total experimental gillnet catch of 2, 389, only 244 (10.21%)of Citharinus citharus and 231 (9.67%) of Citharinus latus were in sexually mature stage. Out of these numbers, 113 (46.31%) were males and 121 (53.69%) were females of Citharinus citharus and 112 (48.48) were males and 119 (51.52) were females of Citharinus latus. The youngest mature males in either of the two had a standard length of 31.5 with a weight of 800.5gWhilethe youngest spawning females were having the standard length of 29.5 cm with a weight of 1,3oo.5g.It was also discovered that females started maturing earlier than the males at the standard length for females and males to be 18.0cm and 19.5cm respectively. Their fecundity ranged from 15,000 to 16, 500 eggs. The sex ratio of 1172 that were males and 1217 that were females was 1 male to 1.0383 females which was equivalent to 1:1 sex ratio of male to female. It was concluded that Jebba Lake had suffered seriously over exploitation of the genus Citharinus and proper management have to be enforced on the lake otherwise the threat of fish being extent may arise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jebba%20Lake" title="Jebba Lake">Jebba Lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niger%20State" title=" Niger State"> Niger State</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citharinus%20citharus" title=" Citharinus citharus"> Citharinus citharus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citharinus%20latus" title=" Citharinus latus"> Citharinus latus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fecundity" title=" fecundity"> fecundity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20ratio" title=" sex ratio"> sex ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45857/the-current-status-and-abundance-of-the-genus-citharinus-in-jebba-lake-niger-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1252</span> Detecting Major Misconceptions about Employment in ICT: A Study of the Myths about ICT Work among Females</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eneli%20Kindsiko">Eneli Kindsiko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulno%20T%C3%BCrk"> Kulno Türk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the current article is to reveal misconceptions about ICT occupations that keep females away from the field. The study focuses on the three phases in one’s career life cycle: pre-university, university and workplace with the aim of investigating how to attract more females into an ICT-related career. By studying nearly 300 secondary school graduates, 102 university students and 18 female ICT specialists, the study revealed six myths that influence the decision-making process of young girls in pursuing an ICT-related education and career. Furthermore, discriminating conception of ICT as a primarily man’s world is developed before the university period. Stereotypical barriers should be brought out to the public debate, so that a remarkable proportion of possible employees (women) would not stay away from the tech-related fields. Countries could make a remarkable leap in efficiency, when turning their attention to the gender-related issues in the labour market structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title="ICT">ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypes" title=" stereotypes"> stereotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer" title=" computer"> computer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59179/detecting-major-misconceptions-about-employment-in-ict-a-study-of-the-myths-about-ict-work-among-females" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1251</span> Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Helminthes of Farm Animals by Coprological Examination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saleh%20Al-Aboody">Mohammad Saleh Al-Aboody</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study 442 fecal samples from cattle, buffaloes, and sheep for contamination with helminthes. Samples were examined from 171 cattle, 128 buffaloes, and 143 sheep. The testing, during the period from May 2014 to April 2015, showed that 81 out of 171cattle were positive for helminthes infection (47.3%), with the rate of infection higher in females (55%) than in males (40%). In buffaloes, 41 of 128 tested were positive, a 32% rate of infection. Again, the infection rate was higher in females (47%) than in males (22%). In sheep, the rate of infection was highest of all three species. The results showed that, the infection rate among cattle were 50.3 % and Trichostrongyle species were the predominant parasites among both cattle and buffaloes. The prevalence rate was much higher in females than males. Regarding seasonal dynamics the highest infection rates with helminthes reported was in spring season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=helminthes" title="helminthes">helminthes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminants" title=" ruminants"> ruminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichostrongyle" title=" trichostrongyle"> trichostrongyle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40046/prevalence-of-gastro-intestinal-helminthes-of-farm-animals-by-coprological-examination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1250</span> Impact of Two Xenobiotics in Mosquitofish: Gambusia affinis: Several Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouahda%20Salima">Chouahda Salima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soltani%20Noureddine"> Soltani Noureddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is a part of biological control against mosquitoes. It aims to assess the impact of two xenobiotics (a selective insect growth regulator: halofenozide and heavy metals: cadmium, more toxic and widespread in the region) in mosquitofish: Gambusia affinis. Several approaches were examined: Acute toxicity of cadmium and halofenozide: The acute toxicity of cadmium and halofenozide was examined in juvenile and adult males and females of G. affinis at different concentrations, cadmium causes mortality of the species studied with a relation dose-response. In laboratory conditions, the impact of cadmium was determined on two biomarkers of environmental stress: glutathione and acetylcholinesterase. The results show that the juvenile followed by adult males are more susceptible than adult females, while the halofenozide does not have any effect on the mortality of juvenile and adult males and females of G.affinis. Chronic toxicity of cadmium and halofenozide: both xenobiotics were added to the water fish raising at different doses tested in juveniles and adults males and females during two months of experience. Growth and metric indices; results show that halofenozide added to the water juveniles of G. affinis has no effect on their growth (length and weight). On the other side, the cadmium at the dose 5 µg/L shows a higher toxicity against juvenile, where he appears to reduce significantly their linear growth and weight. In females, the both xenobiotics have significant effects on metric indices, but these effects are more important on the hepatosomatic index that the gonadosomatic index and the coefficient of condition. Biomarkers; acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) used in assessing of environmental stress were measured in juveniles and adults males and females. The response of these biomarkers reveals an inhibition of AChE specific activity, an induction of GST activity, and decrease of GSH rates in juveniles in the end of experiment and during chronic treatment adult males and females. The effect of these biomarkers is more pronounced in females compared to males and juveniles. These different biomarkers have a similar profile for the duration of exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gambusia%20affinis" title="gambusia affinis">gambusia affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20toxicity" title=" chronic toxicity"> chronic toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39648/impact-of-two-xenobiotics-in-mosquitofish-gambusia-affinis-several-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1249</span> Comparing the Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder within Males and Females Using Machine Learning Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Wolff">Joseph Wolff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20Eilbott"> Jeffrey Eilbott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a spectrum of social disorders characterized by deficits in social communication, verbal ability, and interaction that can vary in severity. In recent years, researchers have used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help detect how neural patterns in individuals with ASD differ from those of neurotypical (NT) controls for classification purposes. This study analyzed the classification of ASD within males and females using functional MRI data. Functional connectivity (FC) correlations among brain regions were used as feature inputs for machine learning algorithms. Analysis was performed on 558 cases from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) I dataset. When trained specifically on females, the algorithm underperformed in classifying the ASD subset of our testing population. Although the subject size was relatively smaller in the female group, the manual matching of both male and female training groups helps explain the algorithm’s bias, indicating the altered sex abnormalities in functional brain networks compared to typically developing peers. These results highlight the importance of taking sex into account when considering how generalizations of findings on males with ASD apply to females. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title="autism spectrum disorder">autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroimaging" title=" neuroimaging"> neuroimaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20differences" title=" sex differences"> sex differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139770/comparing-the-detection-of-autism-spectrum-disorder-within-males-and-females-using-machine-learning-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1248</span> World War II Vaccination Scheme as a Determinant of Gender-Specific Differences in Anti-Tetanus Antibody Levels in the British Elderly Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myrto%20Vlazaki">Myrto Vlazaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tetanus is a non-transmissible, preventable bacterial disease with high mortality. In the U.K., the demographic group systematically accounting for a large proportion of the infections notified to the authorities over the years have been the elderly (> 60 years old). The 2009 seroepidemiological study for tetanus in England reports a gender-age interaction for the +70, with males having significantly higher anti-tetanus antibody levels than females. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to characterise: I. the seroepidemiology of tetanus in economically developed countries with similar immunisation schemes to the U.K., introduced in the 1960’s. II. the factors leading to differential vaccine uptake between males and females in 1910-1945 (corresponding to ages of 60-95 in 2005). III. the immune response elicited by anti-tetanus immunisation in males and females IV. the value of catch-up immunisation in the elderly Similar age- and gender- differences in anti-tetanus antibody levels are noted in other countries. Gender differences in immune responses elicited by vaccination are not consistent with the finding that elder females are less well protected against tetanus compared to their male counterparts. Attention is drawn to the selective anti-tetanus immunisation scheme introduced in the U.K. in 1938, specific to the World War II conscripts. The age-specific immunity gap observed amongst the +70 could be explained as the by-product of that early scheme targetting mostly males. Introducing anti-tetanus vaccination in the +70 in the U.K. could help bridge the immunity gap between males and females and reduce the overall tetanus susceptibility of this age group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title="elderly">elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunisation" title=" immunisation"> immunisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender-specific%20differences" title=" gender-specific differences"> gender-specific differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seroepidemiology" title=" seroepidemiology"> seroepidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetanus" title=" tetanus"> tetanus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=World%20War%20II" title=" World War II"> World War II</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86778/world-war-ii-vaccination-scheme-as-a-determinant-of-gender-specific-differences-in-anti-tetanus-antibody-levels-in-the-british-elderly-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1247</span> Bioefficacy of Catharanthus roseus on Reproductive Performance of Red Cotton Bug, Dysdercus koenigii (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoriedae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kayesth">Sunil Kayesth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal%20Kumar%20Gupta"> Kamal Kumar Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Influence of hexane extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves on reproductive fitness of Dysdercus koenigii was investigated by evaluating mating behaviour, oviposition behaviour and fertility of the treated insects. The volatiles of the plants were extracted in hexane by ‘cold extraction method’. The insects were treated with the extracts by ‘dry film residual method’. Our studies indicated that the treated male showed altered courtship behaviour, less number of mounting attempts, took more time to mate, less percent successful mating, and more disrupted mating. Similarly, the treated female exhibited either mating refusal or neutral behaviour towards courting males. The maximum disruption in the mating was observed in a cross T♂ X T♀, where males and females were treated with Catharanthus extract. The Dysdercus treated with Catharanthus extracts also showed marked reduction in their reproductive success. The treated females laid lesser number of egg batches and eggs in their life span. Catharanthus extract was effective in alteration of the oviposition behaviour. The eggs laid by the mated females were fertile indicating insemination of the mated females. However, the percent hatchability of the eggs laid by the treated females was less than control. The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed the presence of juvenile hormone mimics, and the intermediates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Therefore, some of these compounds individually or synergistically alter reproductive behaviour of Dysdercus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catharanthus%20roseus" title="Catharanthus roseus">Catharanthus roseus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dysdercus%20koenigii" title=" Dysdercus koenigii"> Dysdercus koenigii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS%20analysis" title=" GC-MS analysis"> GC-MS analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20performance" title=" reproductive performance"> reproductive performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69108/bioefficacy-of-catharanthus-roseus-on-reproductive-performance-of-red-cotton-bug-dysdercus-koenigii-heteroptera-pyrrhocoriedae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1246</span> Effects of Diabetic Duration on Platelet and Platelet Indices in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Oudeh">Sahar Oudeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Javaheri%20Vayeghan"> Abbas Javaheri Vayeghan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Ahmadi-Hamedani"> Mahmood Ahmadi-Hamedani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetic duration on platelet and platelet indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male and female rats. Thirty-two healthy adult Wistar rats (16 females and 16 males) were randomly divided into 4 groups of eight, including 1) control group (4 females and 4 males who did not undergo any treatment until the end of 28 days), 2) 7-day diabetic group (4 females and 4 males who were diabetic for 7 days and were euthanized after 7 days), 3) 14-day diabetic group (4 females and 4 males who were diabetic for 14 days and were euthanized after 14 days), and 28-day diabetic group (4 females and 4 males who were diabetic for 28 days and were euthanized after 28 days). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). After induction of diabetes in the groups, blood samples were taken from their hearts after anesthesia, and platelet counts (PLT) and platelet indices were measured by an automatic blood cell counter (Nihon Kohden, Celltac Alpha VET MEK-6550, Japan). Statistical differences among groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple tests. The results of this study showed that PLT and mean platelet volume (MPV) significantly increased in 7 and 14-day diabetic groups compared to the control group, whereas plateletcrit (PCT) and platelet distribution rate (PDW) significantly increased in 14 and 28-day diabetic groups, respectively. Significant differences were observed between female and male rats in PCT and PLT in the 14-day diabetic group and PDW in the 28-day diabetic group. According to the results of this study, measurement and analysis of platelet indices can be used as a method for the early diagnosis of diabetes and its complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20duration" title="diabetic duration">diabetic duration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streptozotocin" title=" streptozotocin"> streptozotocin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20and%20male%20rats" title=" female and male rats"> female and male rats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=platelet%20indices" title=" platelet indices"> platelet indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141977/effects-of-diabetic-duration-on-platelet-and-platelet-indices-in-streptozotocin-induced-diabetic-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1245</span> Evaluating Thailand’s Cosmetic Surgery Tourism by Taiwanese Female Tourists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Yu%20Chen">Wen-Yu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Yuan%20Hsu"> Chia-Yuan Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasinee%20Vongsrikul"> Sasinee Vongsrikul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is to explore the perception of Taiwanese females towards medical tourism in Thailand for the development of applicable marketing strategy, integrating travel motivation and cosmetic surgery trend to attract potential medical tourists from Taiwan. Since previous studies relevant to this research issue are limited, qualitative study is firstly employed by using one focus group interview and in-depth interviews with Taiwanese females. Moreover, the present research collected questionnaires from 290 Taiwanese females to provide greater understanding of research results. The top three factors that affect Taiwanese females’ decision for not going to Thailand for medical tourism are “physicians and nurses cannot speak Chinese”, “low quality of the cosmetic surgery product that I want to do”, and “the county does not have laws to protect medical tourists’ right”. The finding of the empirical part would suggest the area in medical tourism industry which Thailand should promote and emphasizes in order to increase its presence as a hub for cosmetic surgery and attract Taiwanese female market. Therefore, the study contributes to the potential development of marketing strategy for medical tourism, specifically in the area of cosmetic surgery in Thailand while targeting Taiwan market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taiwanese%20female%20tourists" title=" Taiwanese female tourists"> Taiwanese female tourists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20tourism" title=" medical tourism"> medical tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmetic%20surgery" title=" cosmetic surgery "> cosmetic surgery </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7541/evaluating-thailands-cosmetic-surgery-tourism-by-taiwanese-female-tourists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1244</span> The Influence of Cultural Perceptions in the Preference and Choice of STEM Programs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscilla%20Adoley%20Moffat">Priscilla Adoley Moffat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored perceptions rooted in and acquired from the cultures of many developing countries and how they impact applicants’ preferences and choices of STEM programs. The context of developing countries was chosen for this study because gender role socialization continues to maintain an important place in most of these cultures. This study’s relevance rests in the fact that, as the world takes steps to encourage and promote the choice and study of STEM programs, especially among females, there is a need for efforts towards understanding various cultural perceptions towards some programs of study, particularly STEM programs, which have diverse gender attributions in many developing cultures. Also, as the world strives to achieve gender equity in education, such a study comes in handy, as it provides a useful understanding of the underlying cultural factors that affect study program preferences of applicants, particularly in developing countries like Ghana as well as others in Africa. The study analyzed the admission application data of five public universities in Ghana. 1600 randomly-sampled final-year students of 32 randomly-selected senior high schools from the 16 regions of Ghana were interviewed. Since parents and teachers often guide and influence the study program choices of applicants, the study examined the perceptions of 180 teachers and 360 parents. The study found, among other things, that STEM programs are commonly perceived to pose much more difficulty to females than they do to males. As a result, many female applicants are discouraged from choosing these programs. While nursing programs are perceived more as programs for females, with the justification that females are better caregivers, males are perceived to be better medical doctors, engineers, and computer technicians. Thus, many females are less encouraged to choose Technology and Engineering programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceptions" title=" perceptions"> perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title=" STEM"> STEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice" title=" choice"> choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162260/the-influence-of-cultural-perceptions-in-the-preference-and-choice-of-stem-programs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1243</span> Genetic Determinants of Ovarian Response to Gonadotropin Stimulation in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Tohlob">D. Tohlob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Abo%20Hashem"> E. Abo Hashem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ghareeb"> N. Ghareeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ghanem"> M. Ghanem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Elfarahaty"> R. Elfarahaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Roberts"> S. A. Roberts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Pemberton"> P. Pemberton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mohiyiddeen"> L. Mohiyiddeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20G.%20Newman"> W. G. Newman </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gonadotropin stimulation is used in females undergoing assisted reproductive treatment for ovulation induction, but ovarian response is variable and unpredictable in these women. More effective protocols and individualization of treatment are needed to increase the success rate of IVF/ICSI cycles. We genotyped seven variants reported in previous studies to be associated with ovarian response (number of ova retrieved and total gonadotropin dose) in women undergoing IVF treatment including FSHR variants Asn 680 Ser (c.2039 A > G), Thr 307 Ala (c. 919 > A), -29 G > A, HRG c.610 C > T gene, BMP15 -9 C > G, AMH Ile 49 Ser (c.146 G > T), and AMHR -489A˃G in 118 Egyptian females attending Mansoura Integrated Fertility Center in Egypt, these females were undergoing their first cycle of controlled ovarian hyper stimulation for IVF/ICSI treatment. They were analyzed by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in Manchester Center of Genomic Medicine. We found no evidence of any significant difference (p value < 0.05) in the number of eggs retrieved or the gonadotropin dose used between individuals in all genotypes except for HRG c.610 C > T gene polymorphism where regression analysis gives a p value of 0.04 with a fewer eggs number in TT genotyped females. These results indicate that these variants do not provide sufficient clinically relevant data to individualize the treatment protocols. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20ovarian%20hyperstimulation" title="controlled ovarian hyperstimulation">controlled ovarian hyperstimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20variants" title=" gene variants"> gene variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovarian%20response" title=" ovarian response"> ovarian response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assisted%20reproduction" title=" assisted reproduction"> assisted reproduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37258/genetic-determinants-of-ovarian-response-to-gonadotropin-stimulation-in-women-undergoing-assisted-reproductive-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1242</span> The Effect of Gender Role Socialization on Marketing of Gendered Products: The Case of Cultural Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscilla%20Adoley%20Moffat">Priscilla Adoley Moffat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One common element of African cultures is gender role socialization. This is a significant component of African cultures because gender roles are considered in these cultures, to define males and females and distinguish males from females. Various studies have established the impact of gender role socialization on individuals, on activities of individuals, including business activities, and on society, in general. This study further examined the effect of gender role socialization on the marketing of gendered products. The study sought to establish whether gender role socialization affects marketing, particularly word-of-mouth marketing, of gender-specific products. For a comprehensive examination of the influence of gender role socialization on word-of-mouth marketing of gendered products, 2150 respondents (1075 males and 1075 females), comprising 550 students of Marketing from various Ghanaian universities/colleges and 1600 other individuals (100 from each of the 16 regions of Ghana, representing the various cultures) were randomly sampled and interviewed. The study found that females are more willing to market male products than males when tasked to market female products. Also, females are more efficient in marketing male products than males in marketing female products. Again, most female audiences feel uncomfortable or embarrassed and are less receptive when approached by a male marketer of female products. Then, the study found that the fear of stigmatization is a major influencer of males’ negative attitude towards marketing of female products and that female marketers of male products, however, suffer less or no stigma. Aside from its addition to the literature on the impact of gender role socialization on marketing and, for that matter, the influence of socialization on marketing, the findings of the study are useful to multinational companies, which become better informed in their strategy when assigning marketing roles, especially in Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socialization" title=" socialization"> socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gendered" title=" gendered"> gendered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role" title=" role"> role</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghana" title=" Ghana"> Ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178191/the-effect-of-gender-role-socialization-on-marketing-of-gendered-products-the-case-of-cultural-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1241</span> Effectiveness of a Malaysian Workplace Intervention Study on Physical Activity Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Bin%20Mohd%20Ghazali">M. Z. Bin Mohd Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20C.%20Wilson"> N. C. Wilson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Bin%20Ahmad%20Fuad"> A. F. Bin Ahmad Fuad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20H.%20B.%20Musa"> M. A. H. B. Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20U.%20Mohamad%20Sani"> M. U. Mohamad Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Zulkifli"> F. Zulkifli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Zainal%20Abidin"> M. S. Zainal Abidin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical activity levels are low in Malaysia and this study was undertaken to determine if a four week work-based intervention program would be effective in changing physical activity levels. The study was conducted in a Malaysian Government Department and had three stages: baseline data collection, four-week intervention and two-month post intervention data collection. During the intervention and two-month post intervention phases, physical activity levels (determined by a pedometer) and basic health profiles (BMI, abdominal obesity, blood pressure) were measured. Staff (58 males, 47 females) with an average age of 33 years completed baseline data collection. Pedometer steps averaged 7,102 steps/day at baseline, although male step counts were significantly higher than females (7,861 vs. 6114). Health profiles were poor: over 50% were overweight/obese (males 66%, females 40%); hypertension (males 23%, females 6%); excess waist circumference (males 52%, females 17%). While 86 staff participated in the intervention, only 49 regularly reported their steps. There was a significant increase (17%) in average daily steps from 8,965 (week 1) to 10,436 (week 4). Unfortunately, participation in the intervention program was avoided by the less healthy staff. Two months after the intervention there was no significant difference in average steps/day, despite the fact that 89% of staff reporting they planned to make long-term changes to their lifestyle. An unexpected average increase of 2kg in body weight occurred in participants, although this was less than the 5.6kg in non-participants. A number of recommendations are made for future interventions, including the conclusion that pedometers were a useful tool and popular with participants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedometers" title="pedometers">pedometers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56101/effectiveness-of-a-malaysian-workplace-intervention-study-on-physical-activity-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1240</span> Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the Western North Part of Libya </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Ali%20Abugila">Mustafa Ali Abugila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total of 13807 diabetic patients [(males 5893(42.68%), females 7914 (57.32%)] were on the registered in diabetic clinics in the western north of Libya at the end of 2012. Of the total clinic population, 865 patients had Type 1 IDDM (6.26%) and the rest cases had Type 2 NIDDM (93.74%). Diabetes mellitus was higher in females than in males (57.32% , 42.68%), the male to female ratio was (0.74 : 1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diabetes%20Mellitus%20%28DM%29" title="Diabetes Mellitus (DM)">Diabetes Mellitus (DM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestational%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" gestational diabetes mellitus"> gestational diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=North%20Western%20of%20Libya" title=" North Western of Libya"> North Western of Libya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3621/prevalence-of-diabetes-mellitus-in-the-western-north-part-of-libya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1239</span> Electrical Cardiac Remodeling in Triathletes: A Comparative Study in Elite Male and Female Athletes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingxia%20Li">Lingxia Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Schnell"> Frédéric Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thibault%20Lachard"> Thibault Lachard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne-Charlotte%20Dupont"> Anne-Charlotte Dupont</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuzhe%20Ding"> Shuzhe Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sol%C3%A8ne%20Le%20Douairon%20Lahaye"> Solène Le Douairon Lahaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Prolonged intensive endurance exercise is associated with cardiovascular adaptations in athletes. However, the sex differences in electrocardiographic (ECG) performance in triathletes are poorly understood. Methods: ECG results of male and female triathletes registered on the French ministerial lists of high-level athletes between 2015 and 2021 were involved. The ECG was evaluated according to commonly accepted criteria. Results: Eighty-six triathletes (male 50, female 36) were involved; the average age was 19.9 ± 4.8 years. The training volume was 21±6 hours/week in males and 19 ± 6 hours/week in females (p>0.05). Despite the relatively larger P wave (96.0 ± 12.0 vs. 89.9 ± 11.5 ms, p=0.02) and longer QRS complex (96.6 ± 11.1 vs. 90.3 ± 8.6 ms, p=0.005) in males than in females, all indicators were within normal ranges. The most common electrical manifestations were early repolarization (46.5%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (39.5%). No difference between sexes was found in electrical manifestations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: All ECG patterns were within normal limits under similar training volumes, but male triathletes were more susceptible to cardiovascular changes than females. The most common ECG manifestations in triathletes were early repolarization and incomplete right bundle branch block, with no disparity between males and females. Large samples involving both sexes are required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20remodeling" title="cardiovascular remodeling">cardiovascular remodeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiography" title=" electrocardiography"> electrocardiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triathlon" title=" triathlon"> triathlon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20athletes" title=" elite athletes"> elite athletes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194894/electrical-cardiac-remodeling-in-triathletes-a-comparative-study-in-elite-male-and-female-athletes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1238</span> Association between Appearance Schemas and Personality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berta%20Rodrigues%20Maia">Berta Rodrigues Maia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariana%20Marques"> Mariana Marques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederica%20Carvalho"> Frederica Carvalho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Personality traits play is related to many forms of psychological distress, such as body dissatisfaction. Aim: To explore the associations between appearance schemas and personality traits. Method: 494 Portuguese university students (80.2% females, and 99.2% single), with a mean age of 20.17 years old (SD = 1.77; range: 18-20), filled in the appearance schemas inventory-revised, the NEO personality inventory (a Portuguese short version), and the composite multidimensional perfectionism scale. Results: An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the scores in appearance schemas by sex, with a significant difference being found in self-evaluation salience scores [females (M = 37.99, SD = 7.82); males (M = 35.36, SD = 6.60); t (489) = -3.052, p = .002]. Finally, there was no significant difference in motivational salience scores, by sex [females (M = 27.67, SD = 4.84); males (M = 26.70, SD = 4.99); t (489) = -1.748, p = .081]. Having conducted correlations separately, by sex, self-evaluation salience was positively correlated with concern over mistakes (r = .27), doubts about actions (r = .35), and socially prescribed perfectionism (r = .23). moreover, for females, self-evaluation salience was positively correlated with concern over mistakes (r = .34), personal standards (r = .25), doubts about actions (r = .33), parental expectations (r = .24), parental criticism (r = .24), organization (r = .11), socially prescribed perfectionism (r = .31), self-oriented perfectionism (r = .32), and neuroticism (r = .33). concerning motivational salience, in the total sample (not separately, by sex), this scale/dimension significantly correlated with conscientiousness (r = . 18), personal standards (r = .23), socially prescribed perfectionism (r = . 10), and self-oriented perfectionism (r = .29). All correlations were significant at a level of significance of 0.01 (2-tailed), except for socially prescribed perfectionism. All the other correlations (with neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, concern over mistakes, doubts about actions, parental expectations, and parental criticism) were not significant. Conclusions: Females seem to value more their self-appearance than males, and, in females, the salience of appearance in life seems to be associated with maladaptive perfectionism, as well as with adaptive perfectionism. In males, the salience of appearance was only related to adaptive perfectionism. These results seem to show that males are more concerned with their own standards regarding appearance, while for females, other's standards are also relevant. In females, the level of the salience of appearance in life seems to relate to the experience of feelings, such as anxiety and depression (neuroticism). The motivation to improve appearance seemed to be particularly related, in both sexes, to adaptive perfectionism (in a general way concerning more the personal standards). Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causality of the results. Acknowledgment: This study was carried out under the strategic project of the Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies (CEFH) UID/FIL/00683/2019, funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appearance%20schemas" title="appearance schemas">appearance schemas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20traits" title=" personality traits"> personality traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex" title=" sex"> sex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125029/association-between-appearance-schemas-and-personality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1237</span> Relationship between Finger Print Pattern and Gender among Adolescents of Igala Ethnic Group, Kogi State, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Idoko%20Ukanu">Paul Idoko Ukanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Abba"> Sunday Abba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balogun%20%20Sadiya"> Balogun Sadiya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the finger prints patterns among the Igala ethnic groups was done in order to see their association gender. A cross sectional study was conducted and a total of 602 subjects participated in this study, 322 females and 280 males, which were mainly secondary school students between the age ranges of 13-19 years. The subjects fingerprint pattern was obtained by allowing them place the tip of each finger on the stamp pad, which is then imprinted on the questionnaire, this was done for both the left and right hand. Female had higher arch, whorl and loop finger print pattern in most of the right fingers than the males, the differences were statistically significant for the right index, right ring finger and right little finger, but were statistically insignificant for right thumb and right middle finger as p = 0.207 and 0.726, respectively. The result also revealed that males had higher arch finger print pattern in the right index and right little finger than the females, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001), and also a high whorl finger print pattern than the females in the right middle and ring finger. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arch" title="arch">arch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop" title=" loop"> loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whorl" title=" whorl"> whorl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fingers" title=" fingers"> fingers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122243/relationship-between-finger-print-pattern-and-gender-among-adolescents-of-igala-ethnic-group-kogi-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=females&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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