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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1930s analog standard-definition television resolution standard</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG/220px-Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG/330px-Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG/440px-Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iconoscope" title="Iconoscope">Iconoscope</a> television cameras at <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 1937. <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Albert" title="Eddie Albert">Eddie Albert</a> and Grace Brandt reprised their radio show, <i>The Honeymooners-Grace and Eddie Show</i> for television.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>343-line</b> is the number of <a href="/wiki/Scan_line" title="Scan line">scan lines</a> in some early electronic monochrome analog <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_television_systems" title="Broadcast television systems">television systems</a>. Systems with this number of lines were used with 30 <a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">interlaced</a> <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frames per second</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from 1935 to 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-:62_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with 25 interlaced frames per second in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> from 1937 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar system was under development in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> in 1939. </p><p>TV cameras were based on the <a href="/wiki/Iconoscope" title="Iconoscope">iconoscope</a>, the primary camera tube used in American broadcasting from 1936 until 1946, when it was replaced by the image <a href="/wiki/Video_camera_tube#Orthicon_and_CPS_Emitron" title="Video camera tube">orthicon</a> tube.<sup id="cite_ref-RCA1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCA1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AbramsonP18_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbramsonP18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier cameras used special <a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(theatre_lighting)" title="Spotlight (theatre lighting)">spotlights</a> or spinning disks to capture light from a single very brightly lit spot, and were not suitable for broadcasting of outdoor live events. </p><p>This early standard was soon replaced by <a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line systems</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=343-line_television_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>343-line broadcasts where introduced by <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> on November 6, 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tests started the previous year from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (W2XF on the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a><sup id="cite_ref-:13_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), where NBC converted a radio studio in the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> for television use.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several prototype <a href="/wiki/Television_set" title="Television set">TV sets</a> were produced by RCA in 1936,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but none was available commercially.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadcasts were limited to public demonstrations in New York City (RCA)<sup id="cite_ref-:62_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a>) - to be exact, Philco demonstrated a 345-line system, but in practice both systems were identical.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:92_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 343-line system was proposed for <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> approval by the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Alliance" title="Electronic Industries Alliance">Radio Manufacturers Association (RMA)</a> in December 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Broadcasts were phased out the following year, in favor of a 441-line system. </p><p>Technical details:<sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:15_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>System </th> <th>Lines </th> <th>Frame rate </th> <th>Field Frequency </th> <th>Interlace </th> <th>Channel bandwidth </th> <th>Visual bandwidth </th> <th>Sound offset </th> <th>Vision mod. </th> <th>Sound mod. </th> <th>Aspect Ratio </th> <th>Line frequency </th></tr> <tr> <td>343-line </td> <td>343 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>60 Hz </td> <td>2:1 </td> <td>6 MHz </td> <td>3.29 MHz </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Neg. </td> <td>AM </td> <td>4:3 </td> <td>10290 Hz </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=343-line_television_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A a similar 343-line system was tested in the Soviet Union (<a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>) from 1937 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RCA provided broadcast equipment and documentation for the TV sets,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that were then produced locally.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system was adapted for 50 Hz <a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">mains electricity</a>, with a field rate of 50 Hz. The first experimental transmissions happened on March 9, 1937, followed by regular broadcasts on December 31, 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poland">Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=343-line_television_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, a 343-line system was under development in Poland, publicly demonstrated during the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> Radio Exhibition on August. Regular operations were planned for the beginning of 1940, but work stopped due to the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=343-line_television_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:62-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:62_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:62_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:62_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Club-of-America/Radio-Club-of-America-1940-01.pdf">"Recent Progress in Television Technique"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Radio Club of America</i>. 17, No.1 (February). 1940.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Radio+Club+of+America&rft.atitle=Recent+Progress+in+Television+Technique&rft.volume=17%2C+No.1&rft.issue=February&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Radio-Club-of-America%2FRadio-Club-of-America-1940-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mztv.com/2017/06/27/rca-displays-343-line-tv/">"RCA Displays 343-Line TV"</a>. <i>MZTV Museum of Television</i>. June 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MZTV+Museum+of+Television&rft.atitle=RCA+Displays+343-Line+TV&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmztv.com%2F2017%2F06%2F27%2Frca-displays-343-line-tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2011" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Paul (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/54509330/FULL_TEXT.PDF"><i>Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-operation and Rivalry, 1870-193</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Manchester.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventing+Television%3A+Transnational+Networks+of+Co-operation+and+Rivalry%2C+1870-193&rft.place=University+of+Manchester&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.manchester.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Ffiles%2F54509330%2FFULL_TEXT.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong1937" class="citation news cs1">Strong, John (October 1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/pdf/Radio-News-1937-10_television_range_is_expanded.pdf">"Television Range Expanded"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Radio News</i>. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+News&rft.atitle=Television+Range+Expanded&rft.pages=203&rft.date=1937-10&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlytelevision.org%2Fpdf%2FRadio-News-1937-10_television_range_is_expanded.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/rca_field_trls.html">"Early Electronic Television - RCA's Television Field Trials and Stations W2XF/W2XK/W2XBS/WNBT"</a>. <i>Early Television Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Television+Museum&rft.atitle=Early+Electronic+Television+-+RCA%27s+Television+Field+Trials+and+Stations+W2XF%2FW2XK%2FW2XBS%2FWNBT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlytelevision.org%2Frca_field_trls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuff2001" class="citation book cs1">Huff, W. A. Kelly (June 23, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4R1sQynEaHEC&dq=343-line+tv&pg=PA11"><i>Regulating the Future: Broadcasting Technology and Governmental Control</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313314681" title="Special:BookSources/9780313314681"><bdi>9780313314681</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regulating+the+Future%3A+Broadcasting+Technology+and+Governmental+Control&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001-06-23&rft.isbn=9780313314681&rft.aulast=Huff&rft.aufirst=W.+A.+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4R1sQynEaHEC%26dq%3D343-line%2Btv%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neal2002" class="citation web cs1">O'Neal, James (August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/rca_rr-359_russia.html">"Early Electronic Television - RCA's Russian Television Connection"</a>. <i>Early Television Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Television+Museum&rft.atitle=Early+Electronic+Television+-+RCA%27s+Russian+Television+Connection&rft.date=2002-08&rft.aulast=O%27Neal&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlytelevision.org%2Frca_rr-359_russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert2004" class="citation book cs1">Herbert, Stephen (June 23, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BlZF20ggFhsC&dq=343-line+television+poland&pg=PA66"><i>A History of Early Television</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415326674" title="Special:BookSources/9780415326674"><bdi>9780415326674</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Early+Television&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004-06-23&rft.isbn=9780415326674&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBlZF20ggFhsC%26dq%3D343-line%2Btelevision%2Bpoland%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/tk1.html">"Early Electronic Television - TK-1"</a>. <i>Early Television Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Television+Museum&rft.atitle=Early+Electronic+Television+-+TK-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlytelevision.org%2Ftk1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCA1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCA1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeiney1936" class="citation news cs1">Heiney, John (November 15, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/per_washington-post_1936-11-15_22067/page/n29/mode/2up">"R.C.A. Officials Continue to Be Vague Concerning Future of Television"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. pp. B2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=R.C.A.+Officials+Continue+to+Be+Vague+Concerning+Future+of+Television&rft.pages=B2&rft.date=1936-11-15&rft.aulast=Heiney&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fper_washington-post_1936-11-15_22067%2Fpage%2Fn29%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbramsonP18-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AbramsonP18_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramson,_Albert2003" class="citation book cs1">Abramson, Albert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JMTnTBmt7F0C&q=iconoscope+%22image+orthicon%22++%22old+orthicon%22"><i>The history of television, 1942 to 2000</i></a>. McFarland. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1220-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1220-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-1220-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+television%2C+1942+to+2000&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1220-4&rft.au=Abramson%2C+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJMTnTBmt7F0C%26q%3Diconoscope%2B%2522image%2Borthicon%2522%2B%2B%2522old%2Borthicon%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/rca.html">"Early Electronic Television - RCA Prewar Sets"</a>. <i>Early Television Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Early+Television+Museum&rft.atitle=Early+Electronic+Television+-+RCA+Prewar+Sets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlytelevision.org%2Frca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earlytelevision.org/pdf/r-e_9-36-1.pdf">"Philco Television"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Radio Engineering</i> (September): 9. 1936.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Engineering&rft.atitle=Philco+Television&rft.issue=September&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlytelevision.org%2Fpdf%2Fr-e_9-36-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philcoradio.com/library/index.php/philco-history/early-television/">"Early Philco Television Development"</a>. <i>Philco Library</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philco+Library&rft.atitle=Early+Philco+Television+Development&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilcoradio.com%2Flibrary%2Findex.php%2Fphilco-history%2Fearly-television%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:82-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:82_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1938" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, Albert (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Electronics/30s/Electronics-1938-07.pdf">"RMA Completes Television Standards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Electronics</i> (July): 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronics&rft.atitle=RMA+Completes+Television+Standards&rft.issue=July&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Electronics%2F30s%2FElectronics-1938-07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal1937" class="citation news cs1">Lal, B. G. (February 12, 1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19370212&id=12g0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=z7UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5095,4830291">"Public Demonstration of Perfected Television Held"</a>. <i>The Deseret News</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Public+Demonstration+of+Perfected+Television+Held&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1937-02-12&rft.aulast=Lal&rft.aufirst=B.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D336%26dat%3D19370212%26id%3D12g0AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dz7UDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5095%2C4830291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenherr2005" class="citation web cs1">Schoenherr, Steven E (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aes-media.org/historical/html/recording.technology.history/television5.html">"Network Television"</a>. <i>Recording Technology History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recording+Technology+History&rft.atitle=Network+Television&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Schoenherr&rft.aufirst=Steven+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aes-media.org%2Fhistorical%2Fhtml%2Frecording.technology.history%2Ftelevision5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:92-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:92_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramson1955" class="citation web cs1">Abramson, Albert (June 27, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gu88XUOqyK8C&dq=%22345-line%22+television&pg=PA78">"Electronic Motion Pictures"</a>. University of California Press – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronic+Motion+Pictures&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1955-06-27&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgu88XUOqyK8C%26dq%3D%2522345-line%2522%2Btelevision%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharygina2010" class="citation book cs1">Sharygina, Ludmila (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edu.tusur.ru/publications/756/download"><i>Russian Electronics Chronology</i></a>. TUCSR. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Electronics+Chronology&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=TUCSR&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Sharygina&rft.aufirst=Ludmila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedu.tusur.ru%2Fpublications%2F756%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A343-line+television+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/525_lines" title="525 lines">525 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-MAC" title="B-MAC">B-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/625_lines" title="625 lines">625 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">N</a> (Color systems: <a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAL#PALN" title="PAL">PAL-N</a>, <a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819 lines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">F</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1125 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1250 lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD-MAC" title="HD-MAC">HD-MAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal" title="Audio signal">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">BTSC (MTS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIAJ_MTS" title="EIAJ MTS">EIAJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_audio_program" title="Second audio program">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGMS-A" title="CGMS-A">CGMS-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost-canceling_reference" title="Ghost-canceling reference">GCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Delivery_Control" title="Programme Delivery Control">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">VBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Encoded_Invisible_Light" title="Video Encoded Invisible Light">VEIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_interval_timecode" title="Vertical interval timecode">VITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">WSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Data_Services" title="Extended Data Services">XDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_systems_before_1940" title="Television systems before 1940">Pre-1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_television" title="Mechanical television">Mechanical television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/567-line_television_system" title="567-line television system">567-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-sequential_color_system" title="Field-sequential color system">Field-sequential color system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television#OSKM" title="Soviet Central Television">OSKM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">Digital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">Interlaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard-definition_television" title="Standard-definition television">SDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_scan" title="Progressive scan">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">LDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">240p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-definition_television" title="Low-definition television">288p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced-definition_television" title="Enhanced-definition television">EDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480p" title="480p">480p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/576p" title="576p">576p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">4K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">MPEG-2 Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB" title="DVB">DVB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVB_3D-TV" title="DVB 3D-TV">DVB 3D-TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS+</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">MPEG-4 Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">MPEG-4 AVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards#H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="ATSC standards">ATSC A/72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Multimedia_Mobile_Broadcasting" title="China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting">CMMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobaHo!" title="MobaHo!">MobaHo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-mobaho_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mobaho-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2</a><sup id="cite_ref-avs_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat_9" title="ChinaSat 9">ABS-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">MPEG-H HEVC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_3.0" title="ATSC 3.0">ATSC 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_multimedia_broadcasting" title="Digital multimedia broadcasting">HD DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB#ISDB-S3" title="ISDB">ISDB-S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DTMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">5.1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_pulse-code_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear pulse-code modulation">LPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hidden signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Format_Description" title="Active Format Description">AFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning" title="Closed captioning">Captioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-CPCM" title="DVB-CPCM">CPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_program_guide" title="Electronic program guide">EPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avs-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avs_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avs_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mobaho-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mobaho_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Defunct.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Technical issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14:9" class="mw-redirect" title="14:9">14:9 compromise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast-safe" title="Broadcast-safe">Broadcast-safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_cinema" title="Digital cinema">Digital cinema</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Cinema Initiative">DCI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_motion_blur" title="Display motion blur">Display motion blur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_image_formats" title="Moving image formats">Moving image formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Standards_Conversion" title="Reverse Standards Conversion">Reverse Standards Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_standards_conversion" title="Television standards conversion">Standards conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">Test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_processing" title="Video processing">Video processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widescreen_signaling" title="Widescreen signaling">Widescreen signaling</a></li> <li>Templates (<a href="/wiki/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics">Analogue TV Topics</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Analog_television_broadcasting_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Template talk:Analogue TV transmitter topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Analogue_TV_transmitter_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Analogue TV transmitter topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Analog_television_broadcasting_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analog television</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_television_broadcasting" title="Outline of television broadcasting">broadcasting topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_television_systems" title="Broadcast television systems">Systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/180-line_television_system" title="180-line television system">180-line</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">343-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375-line_television_system" title="375-line television system">375-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405-line_television_system" title="405-line television system">405-line</a> (<a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_A" title="CCIR System A">System A</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/441-line_television_system" title="441-line television system">441-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/455-line_television_system" title="455-line television system">455-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525-line_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="525-line television system">525-line</a> (<a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_M" title="CCIR System M">System M</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/625-line_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="625-line television system">625-line</a> (<a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_B" title="CCIR System B">System B</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_C" title="CCIR System C">System C</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_D" title="CCIR System D">System D</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_G" title="CCIR System G">System G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_H" title="CCIR System H">System H</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_I" title="CCIR System I">System I</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_K" title="CCIR System K">System K</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_L" title="CCIR System L">System L</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_N" title="CCIR System N">System N</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/819_line" title="819 line">819-line</a> (<a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E" title="CCIR System E">System E</a>, <a href="/wiki/CCIR_System_E#System_F" title="CCIR System E">System F</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTSC-J" title="NTSC-J">NTSC-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear-Vision" title="Clear-Vision">Clear-Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAL" title="PAL">PAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAL-M" title="PAL-M">PAL-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAL-S" title="PAL-S">PAL-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PALplus" title="PALplus">PALplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SECAM" title="SECAM">SECAM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_television#Structure_of_a_video_signal" title="Analog television">Back porch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Analog_television#Structure_of_a_video_signal" title="Analog television">front porch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_level" title="Black level">Black level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanking_level" title="Blanking level">Blanking level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrominance" title="Chrominance">Chrominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrominance_subcarrier" title="Chrominance subcarrier">Chrominance subcarrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorburst" title="Colorburst">Colorburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_killer" title="Color killer">Color killer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">Color TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">Composite video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(video)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame (video)">Frame (video)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_scan_rate" title="Horizontal scan rate">Horizontal scan rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_blanking_interval" title="Horizontal blanking interval">Horizontal blanking interval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luma_(video)" title="Luma (video)">Luma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_analogue_blanking" title="Nominal analogue blanking">Nominal analogue blanking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overscan" title="Overscan">Overscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raster_scan" title="Raster scan">Raster scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_area_(television)" title="Safe area (television)">Safe area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_lines" title="Television lines">Television lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_blanking_interval" title="Vertical blanking interval">Vertical blanking interval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_clipper" title="White clipper">White clipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_television_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel television sound">Multichannel television sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NICAM" title="NICAM">NICAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound-in-Syncs" title="Sound-in-Syncs">Sound-in-Syncs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweikanalton" title="Zweikanalton">Zweikanalton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">Frequency modulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation" title="Quadrature amplitude modulation">Quadrature amplitude modulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-sideband_modulation#Vestigial_sideband_(VSB)" title="Single-sideband modulation">Vestigial sideband modulation (VSB)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transmission</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplifier#Electronic_amplifiers" title="Amplifier">Amplifiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">Antenna (radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_transmitter" title="Broadcast transmitter">Broadcast transmitter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Transmitter_station" title="Transmitter station">Transmitter station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonator#Electromagnetic" title="Resonator">Cavity amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_gain" title="Differential gain">Differential gain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_phase" title="Differential phase">Differential phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplexer" title="Diplexer">Diplexer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipole_antenna" title="Dipole antenna">Dipole antenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_load" title="Dummy load">Dummy load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency_mixer" title="Frequency mixer">Frequency mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercarrier_method" title="Intercarrier method">Intercarrier method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_frequency" title="Intermediate frequency">Intermediate frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Output_power_of_an_analog_TV_transmitter" title="Output power of an analog TV transmitter">Output power of an analog TV transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-emphasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emphasis">Pre-emphasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residual_carrier" title="Residual carrier">Residual carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_sound_system" title="Split sound system">Split sound system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheterodyne_transmitter" title="Superheterodyne transmitter">Superheterodyne transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_receive-only" title="Television receive-only">Television receive-only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellite_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-broadcast satellite television">Direct-broadcast satellite television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_transmitter" title="Television transmitter">Television transmitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Terrestrial television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposer" title="Transposer">Transposer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital television transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">Frequencies</a> & bands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency_offset" title="Frequency offset">Frequency offset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_transmission" title="Microwave transmission">Microwave transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_channel_frequencies" title="Television channel frequencies">Television channel frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio_propagation" title="Radio propagation">Propagation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beam_tilt" title="Beam tilt">Beam tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion" title="Distortion">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_bulge" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth bulge">Earth bulge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_strength_in_free_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Field strength in free space">Field strength in free space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_(electronics)" title="Noise (electronics)">Noise (electronics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null_fill" title="Null fill">Null fill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_loss" title="Path loss">Path loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_pattern" title="Radiation pattern">Radiation pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skew_(antenna)" title="Skew (antenna)">Skew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_interference" title="Television interference">Television interference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distortionmeter" title="Distortionmeter">Distortionmeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_strength_meter" title="Field strength meter">Field strength meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectorscope" title="Vectorscope">Vectorscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIT_signals" title="VIT signals">VIT signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_reference_pulse" title="Zero reference pulse">Zero reference pulse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dot_crawl" title="Dot crawl">Dot crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosting_(television)" title="Ghosting (television)">Ghosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_bars" title="Hanover bars">Hanover bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparklies" title="Sparklies">Sparklies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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