Food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit

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has-featured-image " data-featured-image="GettyImages-1134121051.jpg"> <img width="1200" height="849" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMjAwIDg0OSIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iODQ5IiBkYXRhLXU9IiUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ1cGxvYWRzJTJGMjAyNCUyRjAzJTJGR2V0dHlJbWFnZXMtMTEzNDEyMTA1MS5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTIwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSI4NDkiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" class="feature-image wp caption" alt="Sheep and lambs" loading="eager" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /><noscript data-spai="1"><img width="1200" height="849" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GettyImages-1134121051.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" class="feature-image wp caption" alt="Sheep and lambs" loading="eager" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GettyImages-1134121051.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GettyImages-1134121051-600x425.jpg 600w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GettyImages-1134121051-768x543.jpg 768w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/GettyImages-1134121051-300x212.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript> <div class="caption feature">Australian sheep and lambs. (Photo by Jenny Evans/Getty Images)</div> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content cols-6 md-cols-1 cols-gap-1 margin-top-1"> <div class="content-left-sidebar cols-1 col"> <section class="contributors md-cols-1 rows-gap"> <div class="row post-date"> <span class="published-date">November 16, 2024</span> </div> <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/richard-a-lovett/" class="author row md-hide"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDgwIDEwODAiIHdpZHRoPSIxMDgwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwODAiIGRhdGEtdT0iJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDIxJTJGMDElMkZSaWNrLUxvdmV0dC1uZXcuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjEwODAiIGRhdGEtaD0iMTA4MCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Richard A Lovett" width="200" /><noscript data-spai="1"><img src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Rick-Lovett-new.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Richard A Lovett" width="200" /></noscript> <div class="bio"> <h3>Richard A Lovett</h3> <p>Richard A. Lovett is Cosmos' American correspondent. In college he studied astrophysics, then shifted to law school and a Ph.D. in economics before settling on journalism as a career. He is also an award-winning science fiction writer.<br /> <br /> </p> </div> </a> <div id="author-name" class="hide"> <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/richard-a-lovett/" class="bio"> By Richard A Lovett </a> </div> <div class="favourite__wrapper row cols"> <button class="showDialog simplefavorite-button" aria-label="Favourite button"> </button> </div> </section> </div> <div class="primary-content cols-1 col-span-5 col"> <div class="flexible-content "> <div class="copy"> <p>Two years ago, scientists from around the world met in Dublin in Ireland, to discuss the state of the science regarding meat production and animal husbandry. “They are too precious to society to become the victim of simplification, reductionism or zealotry,” they wrote in what has become known as the Dublin Declaration, ultimately signed by 1,216 scientists, economists, government officials, and farmers from around the world (including 82 from Australia).</p> <p>A <a href="https://www.publish.csiro.au/AN/pdf/AN23061" target="_blank" rel="noopener">special report </a>was published at the time with an Australian perspective, concluding: ” <em>It is clear that the societal role of meat is being challenged with ideological and simplified logic, without substantiation from robust data-driven science. The Dublin Declaration is a first step to assemble an evidence-based narrative to underpin the essential role of meat in diet and health, a sustainable environment and society, economics and culture.”</em></p> <p>Late last month, nearly 200 of them got back together in Denver in Colorado I the US, for a second international meeting, titled: <a href="https://societalroleofmeat.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">“The Societal Role of Meat and Livestock.”</a>.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignleft size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" width="474" height="651" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA0NzQgNjUxIiB3aWR0aD0iNDc0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjY1MSIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYxMSUyRndoaXRlLWltYWdlLmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSI0NzQiIGRhdGEtaD0iNjUxIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" alt="White image" class="wp-image-315681" style="aspect-ratio:0.728110599078341;width:176px;height:auto" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 1" ><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" width="474" height="651" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/white-image.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="White image" class="wp-image-315681" style="aspect-ratio:0.728110599078341;width:176px;height:auto" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 1" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/white-image.jpg 474w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/white-image-437x600.jpg 437w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/white-image-300x412.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px"></noscript></figure></div> <p>The goal, says Keith Belk, an animal scientist at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, who hosted the summit, was to follow up on the Dublin meeting by reviewing the latest scientific information on all aspects of livestock management and meat consumption, ranging from human diet and health to environmental concerns and how best to communicate the science to policymakers and the public. There was even a presentation from a philosopher.<br /><br />The environmental issues with livestock production are well known. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has estimated, for example, that livestock accounts for <a href="https://clear.ucdavis.edu/explainers/using-global-emission-statistics-distracting-us-climate-change-solutions" target="_blank" rel="noopener">14.5 percent</a> of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="1000" height="701" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMDAwIDcwMSIgd2lkdGg9IjEwMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNzAxIiBkYXRhLXU9IiUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ1cGxvYWRzJTJGMjAyMCUyRjAyJTJGR2V0dHlJbWFnZXMtMTIzNTI3MjAxLmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxMDAwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjcwMSIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Hereford beef cattle grazing at arawata in the strzelecki ranges, gippsland, victoria, australia" class="wp-image-29777" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 2" ><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" width="1000" height="701" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/GettyImages-123527201.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Hereford beef cattle grazing at arawata in the strzelecki ranges, gippsland, victoria, australia" class="wp-image-29777" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 2" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/GettyImages-123527201.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/GettyImages-123527201-600x421.jpg 600w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/GettyImages-123527201-768x538.jpg 768w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/GettyImages-123527201-300x210.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Hereford beef cattle grazing at Arawata in the Strzelecki Ranges, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia</em></figcaption></figure></div> <p>But not all forms of livestock production are created equal. Studies presented at the meeting, Belk says, show that some types of production are more effective than others at controlling emissions, especially when measured in terms of GHG emissions per kilo of meat or milk produced.</p> <p>Part of the difference appears to be the distinction between free-range or ranching production, in which animals are free to wander for much of the year, and more intensive forms of livestock raising, such as feedlots and dairies. “Greenhouse gas emissions are highest when your production system is inefficient,” Belk says.<br /><br />Also discussed was the need for revising the “food pyramid” used by government agencies for <a href="https://nutritionaustralia.org/fact-sheets/healthy-eating-pyramid/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">healthy eating advice</a>. The problem, says Frédéric Leroy, a food scientist at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, is twofold.</p> <a href="https://link.cosmosmagazine.com/OP59" class="newsletter-cta" data-device="mobile"> <img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAzMDAgMjUwIiB3aWR0aD0iMzAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjI1MCIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwMyUyRldlZWtseS1DYXRjaHVwLTMwMHgyNTAtMS5wbmciIGRhdGEtdz0iMzAwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjI1MCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" alt="Newsletter" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 3"><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Weekly-Catchup-300x250-1.png" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Newsletter" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 3"></noscript> </a><div class="advert ad-in-content ad-mobile auh-250"><div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca-i0p0" style="display: none"></div></div> <p>First, these food pyramids “are very prescriptive, and don’t seem to work. Year after year, the rate of obesity and cardiopathology disease is increasing.”</p> <p>Secondly, he says, they attempt to force everyone onto a stereotyped Mediterranean diet that is actually a highly Americanized impression of the traditional diet of only a portion of the Mediterranean region.<br /><br />Better, he says, is a more flexible approach in which people are advised to avoid ultra-processed foods (other than occasional treats), while also staying away from diets based too heavily on foods with low nutrient density. That is, rather than focusing on telling people to avoid potentially bad things, what’s needed, he says, is “a renewed focus on the concept of adequate, essential nutrition.”</p> <p>How one does that may vary, he says, (allowing for many different cultural traditions), so long as the result is a nutritious mix of nutrient-dense foods, such as vegetables, nuts, dairy, fish, and even red meat.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="850" height="564" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA4NTAgNTY0IiB3aWR0aD0iODUwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU2NCIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYxMSUyRkdldHR5SW1hZ2VzLTIxMzk1Mjk1MzQuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9Ijg1MCIgZGF0YS1oPSI1NjQiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" alt="Meat feedlot in texas" class="wp-image-315689" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 4" ><noscript data-spai="1"><img decoding="async" width="850" height="564" src="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2139529534.jpg" data-spai-egr="1" alt="Meat feedlot in texas" class="wp-image-315689" title="food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit 4" srcset="https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2139529534.jpg 850w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2139529534-600x398.jpg 600w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2139529534-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/spai/q_lossy+ret_img+to_auto/cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2139529534-300x199.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>High view of a large beef feedlot / near Lubbock, Texas, USA. (Photo by: Richard Hamilton Smith /Design Pics Editorial/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)</em></figcaption></figure></div> <p>The philosophy talk was from ethicist Paul Thompson, of Michigan State University, East Lansing.<br /><br />When most people think about ethical issues related to food and agriculture technology, he says, they tend to think in terms of cost/benefit tradeoffs. On one side, technology can increase food availability, reduce costs, or provide some other similar benefit. On the other, it may inflict harm on the environment, marginalized people, and perhaps the animals.<br /></p> <div class="in-content-area related-box-wrapper content-third content-right margin-bottom-1"> <div class="gradient-title">Read More</div> <ul class="related-box article-listing"> <li class="cols"> <div class="article article-post"> <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/agriculture/can-red-meat-sector-go-green/" class="thumbnail ar-16-9" aria-label="Article link"> <span data-spai-bg-on="1" class="image" style="background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNDQwIDk2MCIgd2lkdGg9IjE0NDAiIGhlaWdodD0iOTYwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGY29zbW9zbWFnYXppbmUuY29tJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDIzJTJGMDYlMkZNYWNrYXNQYXN0b3JhbF9DTl9FdmVudC0yNDEtMTQ0MHg5NjAuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjE0NDAiIGRhdGEtaD0iOTYwIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=)"></span> </a> <div class="article-content has-very-light-grey-background-color"> <a href="/earth/agriculture/"> <span class="category earth-color"> Agriculture </span> </a> <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/agriculture/can-red-meat-sector-go-green/"> <h3>Can our red meat sector really go green?</h3> </a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <p>But that’s not the only way of addressing such issues. Another is to view agriculture as special in and of itself. One version of this is to see the biggest issue as the need to continue being able to feed the world, not just today, but 50 years from now, even in the face of climate change. “This perspective is fairly widely held in the science community,” Thompson says.<br /><br />Another view is to think of farmers as especially valuable citizens who need to be protected. “We think of them as being important carriers of culture,” Thompson says. That cropped up in a <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1277511/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener">UK report</a> on vat-grown meat, he notes, because one of the main criticisms of that technology was its impact on farmers.<br /><br />At the opposite end of the spectrum are urban dwellers, whose concerns are much more focused on the present, in which long food-supply chains have created what Thompson calls “a special vulnerability” for people who live in cities. “They’re much more focused on technologies that tend to drive more control over the food system into urban governance structures, whether those are local small producers, or things like manufacturing food [as in vat-grown meat].”<br /><br />The next step, Belk says, is for conference speakers to publish their finding in the journal Animal Frontiers (which in 2023 devoted an <a href="https://academic.oup.com/af/issue/13/2?login=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener">entire issue</a> to the first international summit on the role of livestock in society. But there will also probably be “a sort of call for action,” Belk says. “It’ll be to policy developers, but also to scientists, because scientists aren’t very good at sharing what their work means with the public at large. In today’s environment, where you have social media and so much disinformation and misinformation, there’s a need for figuring out how to do a better job of making real results of science available.”</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content ad-mobile auh-250"><div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca-i1p0" style="display: none"></div></div> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/agriculture/can-red-meat-sector-go-green/">Read more: Can the meat sector go green?</a></h3> <div style><a href="https://link.cosmosmagazine.com/JP4n"><p align="center"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-198773" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA3MjggMTUwIiB3aWR0aD0iNzI4IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjE1MCIgZGF0YS11PSIlMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjMlMkYxMSUyRkNvc21vcy1DYXRjaC1VcC1lbWJlZF83Mjh4MTUwLTEuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjcyOCIgZGF0YS1oPSIxNTAiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" alt="Sign up to our weekly 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Food for thought: the meat and livestock production summit