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class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20208')"><a href="/news.php?month=20208">August</a></div> <div id="m_20208" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20207')"><a href="/news.php?month=20207">July</a></div> <div id="m_20207" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20206')"><a href="/news.php?month=20206">June</a></div> <div id="m_20206" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20205')"><a href="/news.php?month=20205">May</a></div> <div id="m_20205" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20204')"><a href="/news.php?month=20204">April</a></div> <div 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class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201912')"><a href="/news.php?month=201912">December</a></div> <div id="m_201912" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201911')"><a href="/news.php?month=201911">November</a></div> <div id="m_201911" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201910')"><a href="/news.php?month=201910">October</a></div> <div id="m_201910" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20199')"><a href="/news.php?month=20199">September</a></div> <div id="m_20199" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20198')"><a href="/news.php?month=20198">August</a></div> <div id="m_20198" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20197')"><a href="/news.php?month=20197">July</a></div> <div id="m_20197" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20196')"><a href="/news.php?month=20196">June</a></div> <div id="m_20196" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20195')"><a href="/news.php?month=20195">May</a></div> <div id="m_20195" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20194')"><a href="/news.php?month=20194">April</a></div> <div id="m_20194" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20193')"><a href="/news.php?month=20193">March</a></div> <div id="m_20193" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20192')"><a href="/news.php?month=20192">February</a></div> <div id="m_20192" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20191')"><a href="/news.php?month=20191">January</a></div> <div id="m_20191" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2018')">2018</div> <div id="m_2018" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201812')"><a href="/news.php?month=201812">December</a></div> <div id="m_201812" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201811')"><a href="/news.php?month=201811">November</a></div> <div id="m_201811" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201810')"><a href="/news.php?month=201810">October</a></div> <div id="m_201810" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20189')"><a href="/news.php?month=20189">September</a></div> <div id="m_20189" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20188')"><a href="/news.php?month=20188">August</a></div> <div id="m_20188" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20187')"><a href="/news.php?month=20187">July</a></div> <div id="m_20187" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20186')"><a href="/news.php?month=20186">June</a></div> <div id="m_20186" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20185')"><a href="/news.php?month=20185">May</a></div> <div id="m_20185" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20184')"><a href="/news.php?month=20184">April</a></div> <div id="m_20184" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20183')"><a href="/news.php?month=20183">March</a></div> <div id="m_20183" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20182')"><a href="/news.php?month=20182">February</a></div> <div id="m_20182" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20181')"><a href="/news.php?month=20181">January</a></div> <div id="m_20181" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2017')">2017</div> <div id="m_2017" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201712')"><a href="/news.php?month=201712">December</a></div> <div id="m_201712" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201711')"><a href="/news.php?month=201711">November</a></div> <div id="m_201711" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201710')"><a href="/news.php?month=201710">October</a></div> <div id="m_201710" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20179')"><a href="/news.php?month=20179">September</a></div> <div id="m_20179" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20178')"><a href="/news.php?month=20178">August</a></div> <div id="m_20178" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20177')"><a href="/news.php?month=20177">July</a></div> <div id="m_20177" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20176')"><a href="/news.php?month=20176">June</a></div> <div id="m_20176" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20175')"><a href="/news.php?month=20175">May</a></div> <div id="m_20175" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20174')"><a href="/news.php?month=20174">April</a></div> <div id="m_20174" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20173')"><a href="/news.php?month=20173">March</a></div> <div id="m_20173" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20172')"><a href="/news.php?month=20172">February</a></div> <div id="m_20172" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20171')"><a href="/news.php?month=20171">January</a></div> <div id="m_20171" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2016')">2016</div> <div id="m_2016" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201612')"><a href="/news.php?month=201612">December</a></div> <div id="m_201612" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201611')"><a href="/news.php?month=201611">November</a></div> <div id="m_201611" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201610')"><a href="/news.php?month=201610">October</a></div> <div id="m_201610" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20169')"><a href="/news.php?month=20169">September</a></div> <div id="m_20169" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20168')"><a href="/news.php?month=20168">August</a></div> <div id="m_20168" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20167')"><a href="/news.php?month=20167">July</a></div> <div id="m_20167" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20166')"><a href="/news.php?month=20166">June</a></div> <div id="m_20166" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20165')"><a href="/news.php?month=20165">May</a></div> <div id="m_20165" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20164')"><a href="/news.php?month=20164">April</a></div> <div id="m_20164" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20163')"><a href="/news.php?month=20163">March</a></div> <div id="m_20163" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20162')"><a href="/news.php?month=20162">February</a></div> <div id="m_20162" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20161')"><a href="/news.php?month=20161">January</a></div> <div id="m_20161" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2015')">2015</div> <div id="m_2015" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201512')"><a href="/news.php?month=201512">December</a></div> <div id="m_201512" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201511')"><a href="/news.php?month=201511">November</a></div> <div id="m_201511" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201510')"><a href="/news.php?month=201510">October</a></div> <div id="m_201510" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20159')"><a href="/news.php?month=20159">September</a></div> <div id="m_20159" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20158')"><a href="/news.php?month=20158">August</a></div> <div id="m_20158" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20157')"><a href="/news.php?month=20157">July</a></div> <div id="m_20157" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20156')"><a href="/news.php?month=20156">June</a></div> <div id="m_20156" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20155')"><a href="/news.php?month=20155">May</a></div> <div id="m_20155" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20154')"><a href="/news.php?month=20154">April</a></div> <div id="m_20154" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20153')"><a href="/news.php?month=20153">March</a></div> <div id="m_20153" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20152')"><a href="/news.php?month=20152">February</a></div> <div id="m_20152" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20151')"><a href="/news.php?month=20151">January</a></div> <div id="m_20151" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2014')">2014</div> <div id="m_2014" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201412')"><a href="/news.php?month=201412">December</a></div> <div id="m_201412" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201411')"><a href="/news.php?month=201411">November</a></div> <div id="m_201411" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201410')"><a href="/news.php?month=201410">October</a></div> <div id="m_201410" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20149')"><a href="/news.php?month=20149">September</a></div> <div id="m_20149" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20148')"><a href="/news.php?month=20148">August</a></div> <div id="m_20148" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20147')"><a href="/news.php?month=20147">July</a></div> <div id="m_20147" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20146')"><a href="/news.php?month=20146">June</a></div> <div id="m_20146" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20145')"><a href="/news.php?month=20145">May</a></div> <div id="m_20145" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20144')"><a href="/news.php?month=20144">April</a></div> <div id="m_20144" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20143')"><a href="/news.php?month=20143">March</a></div> <div id="m_20143" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20142')"><a href="/news.php?month=20142">February</a></div> <div id="m_20142" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20141')"><a href="/news.php?month=20141">January</a></div> <div id="m_20141" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2013')">2013</div> <div id="m_2013" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201312')"><a href="/news.php?month=201312">December</a></div> <div id="m_201312" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201311')"><a href="/news.php?month=201311">November</a></div> <div id="m_201311" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201310')"><a href="/news.php?month=201310">October</a></div> <div id="m_201310" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20139')"><a href="/news.php?month=20139">September</a></div> <div id="m_20139" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20138')"><a href="/news.php?month=20138">August</a></div> <div id="m_20138" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20137')"><a href="/news.php?month=20137">July</a></div> <div id="m_20137" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20136')"><a href="/news.php?month=20136">June</a></div> <div id="m_20136" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20135')"><a href="/news.php?month=20135">May</a></div> <div id="m_20135" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20134')"><a href="/news.php?month=20134">April</a></div> <div id="m_20134" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20133')"><a href="/news.php?month=20133">March</a></div> <div id="m_20133" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20132')"><a href="/news.php?month=20132">February</a></div> <div id="m_20132" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20131')"><a href="/news.php?month=20131">January</a></div> <div id="m_20131" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2012')">2012</div> <div id="m_2012" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201212')"><a href="/news.php?month=201212">December</a></div> <div id="m_201212" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201211')"><a href="/news.php?month=201211">November</a></div> <div id="m_201211" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201210')"><a href="/news.php?month=201210">October</a></div> <div id="m_201210" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20129')"><a href="/news.php?month=20129">September</a></div> <div id="m_20129" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20128')"><a href="/news.php?month=20128">August</a></div> <div id="m_20128" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20127')"><a href="/news.php?month=20127">July</a></div> <div id="m_20127" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20126')"><a href="/news.php?month=20126">June</a></div> <div id="m_20126" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20125')"><a href="/news.php?month=20125">May</a></div> <div id="m_20125" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20124')"><a href="/news.php?month=20124">April</a></div> <div id="m_20124" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20123')"><a href="/news.php?month=20123">March</a></div> <div id="m_20123" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20122')"><a href="/news.php?month=20122">February</a></div> <div id="m_20122" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20121')"><a href="/news.php?month=20121">January</a></div> <div id="m_20121" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2011')">2011</div> <div id="m_2011" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201112')"><a href="/news.php?month=201112">December</a></div> <div id="m_201112" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201111')"><a href="/news.php?month=201111">November</a></div> <div id="m_201111" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201110')"><a href="/news.php?month=201110">October</a></div> <div id="m_201110" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20119')"><a href="/news.php?month=20119">September</a></div> <div id="m_20119" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20118')"><a href="/news.php?month=20118">August</a></div> <div id="m_20118" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20117')"><a href="/news.php?month=20117">July</a></div> <div id="m_20117" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20116')"><a href="/news.php?month=20116">June</a></div> <div id="m_20116" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20115')"><a href="/news.php?month=20115">May</a></div> <div id="m_20115" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20114')"><a href="/news.php?month=20114">April</a></div> <div id="m_20114" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20113')"><a href="/news.php?month=20113">March</a></div> <div id="m_20113" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20112')"><a href="/news.php?month=20112">February</a></div> <div id="m_20112" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20111')"><a href="/news.php?month=20111">January</a></div> <div id="m_20111" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2010')">2010</div> <div id="m_2010" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201012')"><a href="/news.php?month=201012">December</a></div> <div id="m_201012" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201011')"><a href="/news.php?month=201011">November</a></div> <div id="m_201011" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_201010')"><a href="/news.php?month=201010">October</a></div> <div id="m_201010" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20109')"><a href="/news.php?month=20109">September</a></div> <div id="m_20109" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20108')"><a href="/news.php?month=20108">August</a></div> <div id="m_20108" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20107')"><a href="/news.php?month=20107">July</a></div> <div id="m_20107" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20106')"><a href="/news.php?month=20106">June</a></div> <div id="m_20106" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20105')"><a href="/news.php?month=20105">May</a></div> <div id="m_20105" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20104')"><a href="/news.php?month=20104">April</a></div> <div id="m_20104" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20103')"><a href="/news.php?month=20103">March</a></div> <div id="m_20103" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20102')"><a href="/news.php?month=20102">February</a></div> <div id="m_20102" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20101')"><a href="/news.php?month=20101">January</a></div> <div id="m_20101" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2009')">2009</div> <div id="m_2009" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200912')"><a href="/news.php?month=200912">December</a></div> <div id="m_200912" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200911')"><a href="/news.php?month=200911">November</a></div> <div id="m_200911" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200910')"><a href="/news.php?month=200910">October</a></div> <div id="m_200910" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20099')"><a href="/news.php?month=20099">September</a></div> <div id="m_20099" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20098')"><a href="/news.php?month=20098">August</a></div> <div id="m_20098" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20097')"><a href="/news.php?month=20097">July</a></div> <div id="m_20097" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20096')"><a href="/news.php?month=20096">June</a></div> <div id="m_20096" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20095')"><a href="/news.php?month=20095">May</a></div> <div id="m_20095" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20094')"><a href="/news.php?month=20094">April</a></div> <div id="m_20094" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20093')"><a href="/news.php?month=20093">March</a></div> <div id="m_20093" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20092')"><a href="/news.php?month=20092">February</a></div> <div id="m_20092" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20091')"><a href="/news.php?month=20091">January</a></div> <div id="m_20091" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2008')">2008</div> <div id="m_2008" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200812')"><a href="/news.php?month=200812">December</a></div> <div id="m_200812" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200811')"><a href="/news.php?month=200811">November</a></div> <div id="m_200811" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200810')"><a href="/news.php?month=200810">October</a></div> <div id="m_200810" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20089')"><a href="/news.php?month=20089">September</a></div> <div id="m_20089" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20088')"><a href="/news.php?month=20088">August</a></div> <div id="m_20088" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20087')"><a href="/news.php?month=20087">July</a></div> <div id="m_20087" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20086')"><a href="/news.php?month=20086">June</a></div> <div id="m_20086" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20085')"><a href="/news.php?month=20085">May</a></div> <div id="m_20085" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20084')"><a href="/news.php?month=20084">April</a></div> <div id="m_20084" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20083')"><a href="/news.php?month=20083">March</a></div> <div id="m_20083" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20082')"><a href="/news.php?month=20082">February</a></div> <div id="m_20082" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20081')"><a href="/news.php?month=20081">January</a></div> <div id="m_20081" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2007')">2007</div> <div id="m_2007" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200712')"><a href="/news.php?month=200712">December</a></div> <div id="m_200712" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200711')"><a href="/news.php?month=200711">November</a></div> <div id="m_200711" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200710')"><a href="/news.php?month=200710">October</a></div> <div id="m_200710" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20079')"><a href="/news.php?month=20079">September</a></div> <div id="m_20079" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20078')"><a href="/news.php?month=20078">August</a></div> <div id="m_20078" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20077')"><a href="/news.php?month=20077">July</a></div> <div id="m_20077" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20076')"><a href="/news.php?month=20076">June</a></div> <div id="m_20076" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20075')"><a href="/news.php?month=20075">May</a></div> <div id="m_20075" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20074')"><a href="/news.php?month=20074">April</a></div> <div id="m_20074" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20073')"><a href="/news.php?month=20073">March</a></div> <div id="m_20073" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20072')"><a href="/news.php?month=20072">February</a></div> <div id="m_20072" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20071')"><a href="/news.php?month=20071">January</a></div> <div id="m_20071" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2006')">2006</div> <div id="m_2006" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200612')"><a href="/news.php?month=200612">December</a></div> <div id="m_200612" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200611')"><a href="/news.php?month=200611">November</a></div> <div id="m_200611" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200610')"><a href="/news.php?month=200610">October</a></div> <div id="m_200610" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20069')"><a href="/news.php?month=20069">September</a></div> <div id="m_20069" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20068')"><a href="/news.php?month=20068">August</a></div> <div id="m_20068" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20067')"><a href="/news.php?month=20067">July</a></div> <div id="m_20067" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20066')"><a href="/news.php?month=20066">June</a></div> <div id="m_20066" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20065')"><a href="/news.php?month=20065">May</a></div> <div id="m_20065" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20064')"><a href="/news.php?month=20064">April</a></div> <div id="m_20064" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20063')"><a href="/news.php?month=20063">March</a></div> <div id="m_20063" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20062')"><a href="/news.php?month=20062">February</a></div> <div id="m_20062" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20061')"><a href="/news.php?month=20061">January</a></div> <div id="m_20061" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_2005')">2005</div> <div id="m_2005" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200512')"><a href="/news.php?month=200512">December</a></div> <div id="m_200512" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200511')"><a href="/news.php?month=200511">November</a></div> <div id="m_200511" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_200510')"><a href="/news.php?month=200510">October</a></div> <div id="m_200510" class="infotreeitem"> </div> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_20059')"><a 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onclick="showMenuItem('m_1970')">1970</div> <div id="m_1970" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_19708')"><a href="/news.php?month=19708">August</a></div> <div id="m_19708" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_1945')">1945</div> <div id="m_1945" class="infotreeitem"> <img src="/web_images/structure/buff_bullet.gif" alt="" /> <div class="infotreetitlespaced" onclick="showMenuItem('m_19454')"><a href="/news.php?month=19454">April</a></div> <div id="m_19454" class="infotreeitem"> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- setMenuItems(0, idlist); var cstack = Array("m_"); setMenuItems(1, cstack); showMenuItem('m_2016') --></script> </div><div class="contentwithleft" >Sueddeutsche Zeitung 25 June 2016<br />Von Catrin Lorch und Jörg Häntzschel<br /><br /><em><strong>PDFs in German - <a href="/web_images/pdf2016/Page 2 SZ article 25.6.16.pdf">Page 1</a> and <a href="/web_images/pdf2016/Page 1 SZ artcile 25 June 2016.pdf">Page 2</a><br /><br />English translation</strong></em></p> <p><strong>MUNICH’S LOOTED ART BAZAAR</strong></p> <p><strong>The Monuments Men tracked down Nazi looted art. Only for German museum directors to return it to the families of the Nazi leaders rather than to the Jewish families who were its rightful owners.</strong></p> <p>By Catrin Lorch and Joerg Hantzschel<br /> Sueddeutsche Zeitung 25 June 2016</p> <p>A painting leans against the wall of the workshop in the Xanten Cathedral. It is inside a golden frame. The painting shows a street scene, painted around three hundred years ago but it feels as if the scene is happening today. The ‘Hölländische Platzbild’ (‘Picture of a Dutch square’) shows the view outside the church, the twin towers of St. Victor’s Cathedral peaking out behind the tree line, back then and today the sun colours the enormous walls of the church in a weakly shining, yellowish shade. The past and the present are separated only with difficulty, especially in the case of the story of this painting. It has passed through many hands since an unknown artist created it through copying a work originally by the Dutch baroque painter Jan van der Heyden. This story is not about the artistic value of the small painting- it’s about the significant German injustice the painting illustrates.</p> <p>Xanten is a small city in the Niederrhein (North Rhine Westphalia). In the past, Clemens August Cardinal von Galen preached there, and to this day the Catholic community is proud of its church’s resistance during the period of National Socialism. In the cellar of the cathedral, the largest church between Cologne and the coast, a monument to remember the ‘neuzeutlichen Märtyrer’ (modern martyrs) was created with ashes taken from the crematoria of concentration camps, placed before a wall of concrete on which are written the names of the concentration camps of Dachau and Auschwitz. A place where you would expect to find a little bit more courage and consistency, where some respect should be shown: The small painting inside the golden frame should no longer be in Xanten.</p> <p>In 1938 the Nazis stole it from a Jewish family in Vienna. Over a long and winding path with frightening bypasses it ended up in Xanten. The Jewish family has the right to recover their painting, but they are not being successful in getting their property back. And the ‘Platzbild’ is only one of hundreds of cases in which the return of looted art to the heirs of Holocaust survivors is unsuccessful. Back in February 2012 the German authorities were highly alarmed when the police confiscated 1,280 paintings, prints and drawings found in the house of German art collector Cornelius Gurlitt. It was thought the collection might contain looted art, art that was forcibly taken from Jewish families. But despite all the excitement the so far identified five pieces of looted art in the collection are really a mere trifle. At least when compared to hundreds of looted art pieces that are still exhibited in German museums today.</p> <p>For example in the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlung (Bavarian State Paintings Collections), which is the umbrella organisation of the Munich museums. Representatives of the Collections refer to 3,500 suspicious pieces. In the ‘Lost art’ database are listed looted artworks, among them some very prominent paintings such as Stefan Lochner’s ‘Anbetung’, Hans Baldung’s ‘Bildnis eines Johanniters’, paintings by Tintoretto and other Old Master painters. Until today the rightful owners of the art pieces have not been identified.</p> <p>The authorities’ response has been the same for years: We are working on it, we are helping the victims’ families. But the reality looks different. Museums like the Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlung (Bavarian State Paintings Collections) treat looted artworks as if they were their own possessions. They let the heirs of the rightful owners get stuck at a wall of bureaucracy. They make the restoration process difficult or even impossible. The Commission for Looted Art in Europe (CLAE) is a London based NGO representing those who lost works of art during the Nazi era and negotiating policy initiatives with governments and museum across the world. During its research for the family which owned ‘Hölländische Platzbild’ , CLAE uncovered a scandal: art from the Collecting Points, where the US-army collected up Nazi art treasures, was passed on in trust to the German post-war authorities and those same art pieces were later returned or sold to high ranking Nazis, including Baldur von Schirach and Heinrich Hoffmann.</p> <p>Towards the end of the Second World War, the ‘Monuments Men’, an Allied special unit formed of art experts, searched all hides and bunkers systematically for hidden looted art and found hundreds of paintings. The story of the Monuments Men was even made into a Hollywood film, starring George Clooney and Matt Damon. What the film did not show and what German museums and authorities conceal is how frequently looted art was legitimately passed back to relatives of the high ranking Nazi leaders in the post-war era. But exactly this story can be told through the story of the ‘Holländische Platzbild’, the small painting inside the golden frame in Xanten.</p> <p>Everything started on the 3<sup>rd</sup> October 1940, when Josef Weinhandl and his assistant Erna Melchor gained entrance to an apartment on Wohllebengasse 16, one of Vienna’s’ noblest quarters. Weinhandl, who was a dedicated Nazi from the beginning, was following his orders on this day. The Gestapo had sent him to prepare an inventory of the apartment of ‘Konsul Kraus’. The neatly written inventory document lists baroque side tables, bookshelves (mainly French literature) and art. Also listed: ‘Holländischer Platzbild’. Fräulein Melchor misspelt the name of the artist. The inventory reads ‘Jan Vanderhaide’. Beside the art and furniture, the inventory did not fail to list ‘7 old umbrellas and walking sticks’, ‘1 pair of silver evening shoes’ and ‘2 pairs of modern trousers’, as well as ‘1 basket of dirty laundry’ and ‘clutter’.</p> <p>The National Socialist regime remain unrelentingly technical and bureaucratic, even while they are plundering. Because they are Jewish, the Kraus family are forced to add ‘Sara’ and ‘Israel’ after their first names in official documents. Gottlieb Kraus, born in Bohemia in 1867, and his six years younger wife Mathilde are part of Vienna’s upper class. Gottlieb was the Czech Consul. Besides the apartment in Vienna, where they often held gallery weekends for friends, they owned a country estate with a private vineyard in Grinzing.</p> <p>The Kraus family are collectors of drawings by Rudolf von Alt and landscape paintings by the Austrian romantic Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller. They socialize with the composers, Emmerich Kalman and Franz Lehar. The oldest daughter, Lily, is tutored by the Austrian painter Hans Ranzoni who is practically part of the family. After marrying the American Consul Robert W. Heingartner in 1920, Lily moves to Frankfurt where she is less concerned about colour palettes and angles and more preoccupied by the organisation of elegant dinner parties. When the Nazi regime gains power in Germany, the American Consul takes care of ‘Father Kraus’ (as he refers to Gottlieb Kraus in his diaries). He sees no future for his own children, Gladys and Alexander, in the state that Adolf Hitler is creating.</p> <p>After the union of Austria with Germany in 1938, the Kraus family flee the country and travel to Prague. Nearly all their belongings are taken by the Nazis who are registering and calculating the value of all ‘Jewish assets’. Gottlieb and Matilde Kraus have to ask for approval from the Nazi Heritage Protection authorities to export any of their belongings. The extensive art collection has to be put into storage because the refugees have no address, no final destination.</p> <p>When the National Socialist regime deprives all Jews living abroad of their German citizenship, the property of the Kraus family is classified as ‘property of the enemy’. As a result, it is administered by the ‘Verwertungsstelle für jüdisches Umzugsgut der Gestapo’ (Gestapo Agency for Jewish Property, or Vugesta), which auctions the looted objects in the Dorotheum auction house or sells them by exhibiting them in Vienna. The Kraus collection makes a profit of 68,000 Reichsmark , making it one of the Vugesta’s biggest wins of all time. In comparison, the Kraus country estate in Grinzing is valued at 46,670 Reichsmark. The money flows into Hitler’s coffers. While Gottlieb, Mathilde and their younger daughter Mitzi board an ocean liner in London that will bring them to Canada, their new, imposed homeland, their art collection is receiving the greatest attention. Hans Posse, Special Representative of the planned ‘Führermuseum’ in Linz reserves four paintings from the collection. Next in line are Bruno Grimschitz, director of the Austrian National Gallery, and representatives of Austria’s Joanneum museum. They are followed in June 1941 by Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler’s personal photographer. Hoffmann’s eldest daughter, Henriette, worked as Hitler’s secretary in the past and her dear friend, Eva Braun, was an apprentice in Hoffmann’s photographic studio. In 1932, Henriette married Baldur von Schirach, the ‘Reichsjugendführer’ (Reich’s Youth Leader). Hitler was best man at the wedding. Von Schirach is promoted and becomes Reich Governor of Vienna where he lives in the Hofburg Palace. The married couple belong to the inner circle of the National Socialist government. Photographs show Henriette and von Schirach on the balcony of the Obersalzberg (Hitler’s mountain retreat) and in Hitler’s apartment in Munich. Hans Hoffmann spends 9,800 Reichsmark buying paintings of the Kraus collection.</p> <p>Among his purchases is the ‘Platzbild’, which had been ignored by the professional museum representatives. Maybe they realised it was only a copy of the original, which is in the Louvre in Paris. Nevertheless, Hoffmann grabs its. A small painting of a cathedral square in the style of the Old Master painters suits the taste of the time. The ‘Führermuseum’, where the looted art of Europe is collected, sets the tone. But Hitler, Joseph Goebbels and Hermann Göring are also competing for the looted art for their private collections. Germany has entered an art-rush. In 1940, Baldur, who ordered the deportation of all Austria’s Jewish citizens, gives a speech in Vienna’s Künstlerhaus. He makes the expropriation of the Jews a national task: Upper class Jews, like the Kraus family he ridiculed as people who “got rich after twenty or thirty years of making money and suddenly became collectors”. For Germans, “ A work of art is something different”. “Artistic work” is “an assignment from the soldiers’ frontline to that of the artists”, says von Schirach.</p> <p>At this point in time, the owners of the ‘Platzbild’ were about to enter the United States through Canada. Mathilde Kraus is over 60, her husband over 70. Except for their lives, they have lost everything: home, friends and all their belongings. The mother and Mitzi, who mastered six languages and could switch from French to Italian with no trouble, never spoke a word in German again. Except for a few words: Opi, Omi, ‘Mona-Matz’. Mona-Matz is what the family calls the stories Mitzi tells about her early years in Vienna. Stories about black and shiny limousines or how she was introduced to the King of England while visiting Marienbad with her sister. And the stories about the art collection. Mitzi, Gottlieb and Mathilde Kraus discovered some of their paintings in the collection of the Joanneum museum in Austria after the war ended. But their claim for restitution, made in 1947, was rejected. So why not make a Mona-Matz family story about the lost artworks?</p> <p>Many thousands of kilometres away, another woman is looking for the same artworks. She calls the paintings her lost treasure. Henriette von Schirach is now divorced from Baldur, who was found guilty in the Nuremberg trials of the deportation of 60,000 Austrian Jews and sentenced to 20 years in prison. His property, like Hitler’s and Göring’s, was confiscated. The treasures are stored in the Munich-based Central Collecting Point, located in the former ‘Führerbau’.</p> <p>Until 1949 the Monuments Men checked every work of art and sent many back to their country of origin. Then the cold war unfolded in Europe and the Americans made the remaining 10,600 the responsibility of the Bavarian State Secretary Hans Ehard. The Americans imposed only one condition: “That the search for the origin of the pieces will be continued”. Ehard passes the responsibility on to the Director of the Bavarian Staatsgemäldesammlung (State Paintings Collections), Eberhard Hanfstaengl, who is a cousin of Hitler’s Secretary of Foreign Affairs Ernst Hanfstaengl.</p> <p>Meanwhile, Henriette von Schirach lives in Schwabing but uses her less prominent maiden name Hoffmann. The private parties in her villa are attended by Munich artists, curators and the upper class. She passes her time as a film producer, journalist and then as a writer. And no one seems to care that she sometimes uses the last name Richards, that she announces her divorce of film producer Alfred Jacob (who she never married), that she is convicted of perjury, that she shows off in her memoirs with the fact that she sold her old dresses as Eva Braun’s last dresses to American GIs. In the mid-1950s she is allowed to buy back her former country estate at a bargain price of 45 Marks per square metre. But she immediately sells it again for double the price. Now she also wants back her art and furniture.</p> <p>She knows who she has to talk to. In 1949 she visits Hanfstaengl in his office. His museum is administering the artworks saved by the Monuments Men. But the Director of the museum practices a loose interpretation of the American order. On July 4<sup>th</sup> 1949 he hands over 44 pieces of furniture, paintings and carpets followed by 13 more pieces to “Dear Mrs Hoffmann”. Of course Hanfstaengl can provide assurances that all the pieces ‘are of no value’. In addition, Hoffmann promises that all the items were acquired by her before her marriage to von Schirach. But Hanfstaengel’s actions raise suspicion. The Restitution Office sends a letter expressing outrage to the Bavarian Ministry of Finance about Henriette Hoffmann’s “continuous attempts to gain as much of the capital of the von Schirach assets as possible”. The letter is from Phillipp Auerbach, a Jew, a Holocaust survivor and Staatskommissar (State Commissioner) from 1946 to 1951. He accuses Hanfstaengl of “gallantry towards the wife of a war criminal.” Hanfstaengl’s handwritten comment on the margin of the letter in red ink is “impudence”’. The museum director is handed nothing more than a rebuke from Secretary Ehard. No one stops 24 more paintings being handed back to Henriette in the following year. And in the following 15 years Henriette had more successes.</p> <p>She is not the only one. Munich, once the capital of the National Socialist movement, is the ideal place for this looted art business. Many former Nazi leaders still have estates in Bavaria where they move all their art in the last months of the Reich. Even after the surrender, the old connections and power strings remain in place. Hanfstaengl is replaced by Ernst Buchner, curator of the Bavarian State Paintings Collections from 1932-1945. The Monuments Men had instructed: “Deny him any position in any art collection point in Germany at any point”. Buchner’s employees were also active during the Nazi era. The art scene is a network of old friends.</p> <p>After the withdrawal of the American forces, hectic times start in the Staatsgemälde-sammlung (State Paintings Collections), in the Ministry of Culture and in the Munich branch of the Oberfinanzdirektion (Finance Ministry). The Germans own the thousand of art works that not rarely are the only remains of the murdered Jewish owners. But the officials are not thinking about the rightful owners, and do no research on ownership. They divide the treasure among themselves. They hold art fairs, at which officials and museums can buy. A painting from Göring’s collection finds it way to the Petersberg (the German government’s official guesthouse), the Canaletto copy from Hitler’s collection hangs on the wall of the German Parlamentarischen Gesellschaft (Parliament Association) in Bonn.</p> <p>Pieces that are unwanted are classified as ‘not museum worthy’ and ‘useless’ and are often ‘utilized’. The same term was often used during the Nazi regime. ‘Utilization’ of Jewish art collections filled Hitler’s treasury. Auctions to ‘utilize’ art were first held by the Ministry of Finance in the late 1940s. Afterwards auction houses such as Weinmüller, Lempertz and Leo Spik were hired for the task. These auction houses also sold art from Jewish collections during the Nazi era. What was sold is nearly impossible to recover today. The Bavarian Staatsgemäldesammlung (State Paintings Collections) admits there is no category for these pieces in their database. The Federal Government’s ’Bundesamt für zentrale Dienste und offene Vermögensfragen’ (Federal Office for Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues)(BADV) has no documents readily available. ‘We would have to first update the file card registration system’. But researchers of the Münchner Zentralinstitut (Munich Central Institute for Art History) were able to find new information in their archive of old catalogues. Between 1961 and 1998 at least 500 to 600 pieces were sold, which were easily identifiable as looted art: for example, Ernst Karl Georg Zimmermanns ‘Kartenspieler’, which was auctioned by Leo Spik in 1963.</p> <p>The secret auctions were already criticized in 1963 by the Sueddeutsche Zeitung: “ That the financial gains made at these auctions is simply vanishing into the State Treasury is not acceptable’. The public has “the right to see how the political art heritage is being utilized”. But the people in charge fear exactly this. Kurt Martin, then director of the Bavarian Staatsgemäldesammlung (State Paintings Collections), warns of the dangers of selling the art publicly. He fears that “the looted art will be once again a topic of international politics” and that “art pieces will have to be returned or compensation paid”. In the meantime there seems to be no problem with the return of looted art to Nazi families.</p> <p>State departments and collections seem to have no problem to engage in correspondence with Göring’s widow or daughter, with the Franks, the Streichers or Bormanns. In the database of the Munich Collecting Point, a category exists “Claimed by Emmy Göring”. It contains 34 pieces, including works by Guido Reni, Lucas Cranach and Pieter Brueghel. Documents made available to the Sueddeutsche Zeitungprovided by CLAE, prove that Hanfstaengl personally helped the Görings to get back works of art. The ‘Engel mit Harfe’ painting, created around 1520 was “a present from Generalfeldmarschall Göring to his wife Emmy Göring for Christmas 1938, and thus her property”. There are many similar notes. If Emmy Göring received the art works is unknown and will only be revealed when access to the BSGS archives is no longer blocked. Sometimes the Nazi families don’t even have to try hard: In September 1950 Hanfstaengl writes to the Hoffmann family “regarding a painting he suspects belongs to the family”. It seemed to be relatively easy to identify the Nazi era owner of art works, compared to the task of finding the original Jewish owners. The Hoffmann family receives 28 artworks (including works by Carl Spitzweg, Carl Blechen, Wilhelm Leibl, Franz Stuck and Franz von Lenbach and statues of the Madonna). No one puts as much energy into getting his art works back as Heinrich Hoffmann, who was released from prison after five years. Because Hoffmann said he had owned most of his artworks already before the Nazi era nearly his whole collection is returned to him. His daughter continued his re-collection work diligently after his death in 1957. The Bavarian authorities made her task easier. She no longer has to prove that the pieces belonged to her family before the Nazi era. She can simply buy them back. “We would be very delighted if you could soon release us from the burden of having the art works in our possession” says a letter addressed to the Hoffmann family. ‘Return sales’ is the newest term in the scandalous story of how Germany dealt with the looted art. Henriette Hoffmann is furious to not receive certain artworks. “Exactly these artworks are essential to me”. Next she tries to bargain. She promises the Pinakothek museums in Munich “something pretty” if they hand her back the artworks. Two of the seven paintings, which Hoffmann is finally allowed to buy, were originally from the collection of the Kraus family. One is ‘Berglandschaft mit Burg und Fischern’ (‘Mountain Landscape with Castle and Fishermen’), attributed to Nicolaes Berchem, and the second is ‘Holländische Platzbild’, the small painting in the golden frame. Henriette Hoffmann seemed not very attached to the ‘Platzbild’ painting. Only a few months after receiving it, she sells it through the auction house Lempertz in Cologne. The Xanten cathedral community buys it for 16,100 Marks, which is about 55 times what Hoffmann paid for it.</p> <p>In the Kraus family, the art collection and all the paintings are only present as Mona-Matz and memories from the long past days in Vienna. But John Graykowski, the son of Gladys and great-grandchild of Gottlieb and Matilda Kraus wants justice. In 1998 the Washington Principles ask 44 countries to return looted artworks in their public collections. The Upper Austrian Gallery, which has works from the Kraus collection, the Joanneum and Albertina, make the Kraus family offers. “It was a moment, in which a family myth became reality”, remembers Graykowski. A lawyer, he agrees that his grandparents’ names should be next to the paintings in any exhibitions.</p> <p>The family makes no progress in the search for other parts of the collection. They have no inventory, no photographs. But then John contacts the Commission for Looted Art in Europe (CLAE). Soon the first paintings of the Kraus collection are found. The ‘Platzbild’, the copy of the Jan van der Heyden work, is mentioned in the catalogue of the Louvre, a footnote names the Xanten cathedral as owner. CLAE’s researchers find this and uncover the painting’s shocking history.<br /><br />In 2011 a large envelope arrives at the Xanten Cathedral Association containing CLAE’s claim for the restitution of the painting to the family. The documents are bullet proof, from the Gestapo documents listing the family’s property to the catalogue of Heinrich Hoffmann’s collection. No response is received in London. When the CLAE chair, Anne Webber, asks the Xanten Cathedral Association why, their response is that they never received the claim. When she presents the delivery confirmation from the Royal Mail, the Cathedral Association says the claim must have got lost in their offices. Anne Webber checks the archive of the Xanten local newspapers and makes a find: “A real surprise” was the claim from the CLAE in London, says the journal “Westen”. Hans-Wilhelm Barking, Chairman of the Cathedral Association, asks a worried question in the article: “What if we hand over the painting and then half a year later it is sold at Sotheby’s for 5 million?” Barking is proud that he “took down and securely locked away the painting the night they received the claim.” In an interview with the Sueddeutsche Zeitung he states: “ We do not have to follow the Washington Principles and return the painting because we are not a museum”.</p> <p>But Barking needs confirmation so he contacts the Koordinierungsstelle für Kulturgutverluste (the German Coordination Office for Looted Cultural Property) in Magdeburg. Through this institution, the government department responsible for looted art can be contacted. Its head, Michael Franz advises Barking as follows: “Normally this costs money, but for such a small cathedral association …”. “Ask for inheritance proofs” he suggests, but also wants to get involved.</p> <p>What is strange is that the Cathedral Association claimed it never received the claim, then the auction house Lempertz claimed it had no documents about the secret auction of the painting. Then CLAE discovers that its emails from Xanten are being copied to the Magdeburg Koordinierungs-stelle and they realise that the supposedly neutral institution is advising one side without its knowledge. </p> <p>The response from Burkhard van Urff of the Bavarian Department of Culture to CLAE’s enquiries about the ‘return sales’ is: “Extensive research has been carried out ” and “no more information is available”. The Bavarian Staatsgemäldesammlung ((State Paintings Collections) also blocks information: “Of course we and researchers would be available to help the victims’ families, if reasons to investigate existed” says Andrea Bambi to the Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Bambi tells Anne Webber only that the painting was sold to Henriette Hoffmann. When Webber asks for more information, Bambi replies annoyed: “I have already passed you all the documents available and explained the legal reasons for the sale of the painting. No further investigations will be made by us as the painting has not been in our possession since 1962”. Yet piles of letters, documents, photos and receipts can be found only a few doors down from Bambi’s office in the archive of the Staatsgemäldesammlung ((State Paintings Collections). Even what the art historians, traders and museum directors did between 1933 and 1945 has only been selectively researched. And they certainly benefited from the “utilization” of Jewish property.</p> <p>Professions such as lawyers and doctors, institutions such as the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and businesses such as BMW as well as the Munich State Opera have researched their past during the Nazi era. But the art world hasn’t. Stuart Eizenstat, special advisor on Holocaust Issues to the US Secretary of State, says, “It is important that Germany researches the history of looted art.”</p> <p>But German museums directors do not even cooperate with other German institutions. For years, Margit Ksoll-Marcon, the Director of the Bavarian State Archive, has been negotiating access to the Bavarian State Paintings Collections’ archive: “According to the Archives Law, all governmental agencies are required to make their documents accessible. And the Staatsgemäldesammlung is a governmental agency!” All requests are unsuccessful: “We do not have one document from the Staatsgemälde-sammlung’s archive”.</p> <p>On the top floor of the Pinakothek Gallery in Munich two heavy doors separate the office of the Director General of the State Paintings Collections from all the noise outside. Bernhard Maaz can raise his voice by only a fraction to sound intimidating: “One has no reason to assume that our employees are hiding anything”. He explains that the documents have to stay in the archive to be available for Bambi to do her work. He points out that previously researchers were invited to access documents for their own research. But Margit Ksoll-Macon does not think this is enough. Their accessibility is dependent on approval from the higher echelons.</p> <p>Even Washington DC becomes aware now of the slow restitution of the looted art. In March 2012 the State Department’s Special Advisor for Holocaust Issues went to Munich. He attended a meeting where apparently Toni Schmid, the almighty art persona in Munich, was present. But the Ministry of Culture stays quiet about the details as does Bambi. And Bambi starts a new research project.</p> <p>John Graykowski, great grandson of Gottlieb and Mathilde Kraus is a lawyer who worked for the US government, a no-nonsense guy. But at the large conference table in CLAE’s London office he says even he is astonished by what has happened.. He shakes his head in disbelief over the Xanten Cathedral Association’s behaviour. “My father was a Catholic from Poland. I am also a practicing Catholic. Why does my church act in this way?” And CLAE chair Anne Webber says, “Because there is no consistent claims procedure across Germany, families are too often put in this situation with decisions whether to restitute being made by those in possession of the looted artworks. There needs to be a single, fair, transparent, accountable claims process that applies to all collections throughout Germany”.</p> <p>That documents and archives, especially in Bavaria, are not open to the public is also in conflict with the Washington Principles as well as Bavarian law, says Webber.</p> <p>“Overall”, she says, “many hoped Germany would be a role model for research and restitution. But almost 20 years after Washington, Germany hasn’t even published lists of all works of art whose provenance is problematic. Which means families like John’s, with over 150 still missing paintings, have little chance of finding them. Families need justice urgently. This needs to be done as a priority”.</p> <p>Graykowski straightens himself, looks over the wide table and says: “If I stop fighting, I will share the blame. Then I am an accomplice”.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Online Text in German</strong></p> <p><strong>Umgang bayerischer Museen mit der NS-Zeit</strong><br /><br />In der Werkstatt des Xantener Domes lehnt ein Gemälde an der Wand, es hat einen goldenen Rahmen. Das Bild zeigt eine Straßenszene, gemalt vor rund dreihundert Jahren, und doch ist es, als erlebe man sie gerade jetzt. Das "Holländische Platzbild" spielt draußen vor dem Gotteshaus, die Doppeltürme von St. Viktor ragen im Hintergrund zwischen den Bäumen hervor, damals wie heute legt die Sonne einen gelben, matt leuchtenden Schleier um die mächtigen Mauern der Basilika.<br /><br />Vergangenheit und Gegenwart sind schwer zu trennen, erst recht in der Geschichte dieses einen Bildes. Es ist durch viele Hände gegangen, seit ein unbekannter Künstler es als wertvolle Kopie eines Werkes des niederländischen Barockmalers Jan van der Heyden angefertigt hat. Es geht hier nicht um den künstlerischen Wert des kleinen Gemäldes - anhand dieses Bild soll von einer großen, sehr deutschen Ungerechtigkeit erzählt werden.<br /><br />Xanten liegt am Niederrhein, hier predigte einst Clemens August Kardinal von Galen, hier sind die katholischen Gemeinden bis heute stolz auf den Widerstand ihrer Kirche in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Im Keller des Doms, der größten Kirche zwischen Köln und dem Meer, wurde eine "Gedenkstätte für neuzeitliche Märtyrer" eingerichtet: Asche aus den Krematorien der Konzentrationslager, dahinter eine abweisende Betonwand, auf der "Dachau", "Auschwitz und die Namen anderer KZs stehen. Ein Ort also, an dem ein bisschen mehr Mut, ein bisschen mehr Konsequenz, ein bisschen mehr Respekt angebracht wären: Das kleine Gemälde im goldenen Rahmen sollte nicht länger in Xanten hängen.<br /><br />Die Nationalsozialisten hatten es 1938 einer jüdischen Familie aus Wien geraubt, nach langen Umwegen ist es in Xanten gelandet. Die Besitzerfamilie hat Anspruch auf das Bild, aber sie bekommt ihr Eigentum nicht zurück. Und das "Holländische Platzbild" ist nur einer von vielen Hundert Fällen von Raubkunst, um deren Rückgabe sich die Nachfahren von NS-Opfern in Deutschland erfolglos bemühen. Als die Polizei im Februar 2012 in der Münchner Wohnung des deutschen Kunstsammlers Cornelius Gurlitt 1280 Bilder, Stiche und Zeichnungen beschlagnahmte, schlugen die Behörden Alarm: In der Sammlung könne Raubkunst sein. Doch die fünf nachweislich aus jüdischem Besitz stammenden Werke, die bislang bei Gurlitt gefunden wurden, sind von geringerer Bedeutung. Nicht nur der Zahl nach. Was einer breiten Öffentlichkeit bis heute gar nicht bewusst ist: Raubkunst wird nicht nur von Privatsammlern, wie einst von Gurlitt, versteckt. Viele Werke hängen bis heute ganz offen in deutschen Museen.<br /><br />Etwa bei den Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen, zu deren Häusern die Münchner Pinakotheken gehören. Vertreter der Gemäldesammlungen selbst sprechen von 3500 Verdachtsfällen. In der Datenbank "Lost Art" führen sie Hunderte Werke namentlich auf, darunter solche von Weltrang: Stefan Lochners "Anbetung", Hans Baldungs "Bildnis eines Johanniters", Gemälde von Tintoretto. Bis heute ist ungeklärt, wem diese Werke gehören.<br /><br />Behörden und Museen behelfen sich seit Jahren mit Versprechungen: Wir arbeiten das auf, wir helfen den Opferfamilien. Die Realität sieht anders aus. Museen wie die Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen gehen bis heute mit Raubkunst um, als sei sie ihr Eigentum. Sie lassen die Erben der rechtmäßigen Besitzer und deren Vertreter an der Bürokratie abprallen; sie erschweren damit Restitutionen oder verhindern sie ganz.<br /><br /></p> <p>Das weist nun im Detail an einem Raubkunst-Gemälde die Commission for Looted Art in Europe (CLAE) nach. Die Londoner NGO kämpft für die Rechte der Opfer-Erben und engagiert sich politisch in Fragen des öffentlichen Umgangs mit Raubkunst. Sie stieß dabei auf einen Fall, der wie ein Schlag ins Gesicht wirken muss: für die Angehörigen der Opfer des NS-Regimes - und für die Siegermacht USA.<br /><br />Gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs hatten die "Monuments Men", eine Spezialeinheit der US-Armee aus Kunstexperten, systematisch nach der in Höhlen und Bunkern versteckten Raubkunst der Nazis gesucht, Hunderttausende Werke in den "Collecting Points" zusammengetragen. Die Geschichte der "Monuments Men" wird in einem gleichnamigen Film mit George Clooney und Matt Damon erzählt. Was der Film aber nicht zeigt und was deutsche Museen und Behörden lieber für sich behalten: das Schicksal der Werke, nachdem die Amerikaner sie den bundesdeutschen Behörden zu treuen Händen übergaben. So treu waren die Hände nämlich nicht, wie die Arbeit der CLAE nun bestätigen: Viele Bilder wurden einfach an die Familien der Räuber wie Baldur von Schirach oder Heinrich Hoffmann zurückgegeben statt an die wahren Besitzer.<br /><br /><img src="https://www.lootedart.com/web_images/news2016/680x382.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="337" /><br />Filmszene aus "Monuments Men - Ungewöhnliche Helden"<br /><br />Eine Ungeheuerlichkeit, die man am Beispiel des "Holländischen Platzbild", des kleinen Gemäldes im goldenen Rahmen, nachzeichnen kann. Alles beginnt am 3. Oktober 1940 in Wien, als sich Josef Weinhandl, ein Nazi der ersten Stunde, und seine Assistentin Erna Melchor Zutritt zu einer Wohnung in der Wohllebengasse 16 verschaffen, im vornehmen 4. Bezirk. Weinhandl ist in amtlichem Auftrag unterwegs. Für die Gestapo soll er ein Inventar der Wohnung des tschechischen Konsuls Gottlieb Kraus erstellen. Die sauber getippte Liste führt Barocktischchen an und Bücherschränke, "meist franz. Literatur". Und Kunst, darunter die Kopie des "Holländischen Platzbilds". Der Maler wird von Fräulein Melchor falsch buchstabiert: "Jan Vanderhaide" steht im Inventar, das neben Kunst und Möbeln "7 alte Schirme und 7 Spazierstöcke", "1 Paar silberne Ballschuhe", "2 modische Hosen" sowie "Bündel Schmutzwäsche" und "div. Gerümpel" anführt. Der NS-Staat ist unerbittlich bürokratisch, auch wenn er raubt, vertreibt, vernichtet. Weil sie Juden sind, müssen die Krausens auf dem Formblatt als Zweitnamen "Sara" und Israel" angeben.<br /><br />Gottlieb Kraus, 1867 in Böhmen geboren, und seine sechs Jahre jüngere Frau Mathilde gehören zur besten Wiener Gesellschaft. Neben der Wohnung unweit vom Schloss Belvedere, deren Galerieräume sie wöchentlich für Kunstfreunde öffnen, besitzen sie eine Villa in Grinzing, mit einem eigenem Weinberg. Die Krausens sammeln Zeichnungen von Rudolf von Alt und Landschaftmalereien des österreichischen Romantikers Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, verkehren mit den Komponisten Emmerich Kálmán und Franz Lehár. Lily, die ältere Tochter, wird von Hans Ranzoni unterrichtet, der österreichische Maler zählt fast zur Familie.<br /><br />Nachdem Lily 1920 in Frankfurt den amerikanischen Konsul Robert W. Heingartner geheiratet hat, zerbricht sich die junge Frau weniger über Kolorit und Perspektive den Kopf als über die Tischordnung ihrer Diners. Als in Deutschland die Nationalsozialisten die Macht ergreifen, sorgt sich der Konsul im Tagebuch um "Father Kraus" in Wien. Für seine Kinder Gladys und Alexander sieht er im Staat Adolf Hitlers keine Zukunft.<br /><br />Nach dem Anschluss Österreichs im März 1938 verlassen die Krausens das Land, in Richtung Prag. Fast ihre gesamte Habe fällt den Nazis in die Hände. Diese erfassen die "jüdischen Vermögenswerte", auch der Besitz von Gottlieb und Mathilde Kraus wird geschätzt. Das Ehepaar muss bei der Zentralstelle für Denkmalschutz um Ausfuhrgenehmigungen für seinen Besitz bitten - vergeblich. Die Gemäldesammlung wird eingelagert. Als der NS-Staat allen im Ausland befindlichen Juden die Staatsbürgerschaft abspricht, wird deren Besitz und damit auch die Kunst der Krausens zu "feindlichem Eigentum".<br /><br />Die Verwertungsstelle für jüdisches Umzugsgut der Gestapo (Vugesta) verramscht ihre Beute über Auktionshäuser oder verkauft sie am Wiener Messegelände. 68 000 Reichsmark bringt die Sammlung Kraus ein - es ist einer der größten Einzelerlöse für die Vugesta. Und sehr viel Geld, wenn man bedenkt, dass die Villa in Grinzing auf 46 670 Reichsmark geschätzt wird. Es ist Geld, das in Hitlers Staatskasse fließt.<br /><br />Während Gottlieb und Mathilde Kraus mit ihrer jüngeren Tochter Mitzi in London an Bord eines Ozeandampfers nach Kanada gehen, sichten auch bekannte Nazis die Kunstwerke. Hans Posse, der Sonderbeauftragte für das geplante Linzer "Führermuseum", lässt sich vier Gemälde reservieren. Danach greift Bruno Grimschitz zu, Direktor der Österreichischen Galerie, ihm folgt ein Vertreter des Museums Joanneum.<br /><br />Dann, im Juni 1941, kommt Heinrich Hoffmann zum Zug, Hitlers "Leibfotograf". Seine Tochter Henriette hat als Hitlers Sekretärin gearbeitet, ihre Freundin Eva Braun in seinem Fotostudio eine Ausbildung gemacht. 1932 heiratet Henriette den Reichsjugendführer Baldur von Schirach, Hitler ist Trauzeuge. Schirach steigt auf, wird Reichsstatthalter in Wien, residiert in der Hofburg. Das Paar gehört zum innersten Kreis der NS-Führung, Fotos zeigen es auf der Terrasse des Obersalzbergs oder in Hitlers Münchner Wohnung am Prinzregentenplatz.<br /><br />9800 Mark investiert Vater Hoffmann in Kunstwerke der Famile Kraus. Darunter ist auch das "Holländische Platzbild". Die professionellen Museumsleute hatten es liegen lassen. Vielleicht hatten sie erkannt, dass es eine Kopie war, das Original hing im Louvre. Hoffmann greift dennoch zu. Die kleine Dom-Ansicht in altmeisterlichem Stil entspricht dem Geschmack der Zeit. Das geplante "Führermuseum" in Linz, wo die in halb Europa geraubten Meisterwerke zusammengeführt werden sollen, gibt die Richtung vor.<br /><br />Auch für ihre Privatkollektionen jagen sich Hitler, Goebbels und Hermann Göring gegenseitig die in den besetzten Ländern gestohlenen und von Juden erpressten Schätze ab: Deutschland ist im Kunstrausch. 1940 hält Schirach, der die Verschleppung der österreichischen Juden befohlen hat, in Wien eine Rede. Er münzt die Enteignungen zur nationalen Aufgabe um. Großbürger wie die Krausens verhöhnt er als Menschen, die "nach zwanzig- oder dreißigjähriger Geldhetze zum Reichtum gelangt plötzlich Kunstsammler werden". Für Deutsche sei "das Kunstwerk etwas anderes", so Schirach. Die "künstlerische Arbeit" sei "Auftrag der Front der Krieger an die Front der Künstler".<br /><br />Die Besitzer des "Platzbildes" sind da schon in Kanada, warten auf Einreiseerlaubnis in die USA. Mathilde Kraus ist über sechzig, ihr Mann über siebzig. Bis auf ihr Leben haben sie alles verloren, Heimat, Freunde, Besitz. Die Familie wird später in Washington leben; die Mutter und Mitzi, die sechs Sprachen beherrscht und auf Partys mühelos vom Italienischen ins Französische wechselt, werden bis auf wenige Wort nie wieder Deutsch sprechen: Opi, Omi, "Mona-Matz". Mona-Matz, das sind Mitzis Geschichten aus der Wiener Jugend, von der schwarz glänzenden Limousine der Familie oder wie sie in Marienbad dem britischen König vorgestellt wurde.<br /><br />Und die Geschichte von den Gemälden. Einige haben Mitzi, Gottlieb und Mathilde Kraus nach Kriegsende in den Beständen des Wiener Joanneums entdeckt. Aber die Rückgabeanträge, die sie im Jahr 1947 stellten, werden abgewiesen. So wird auch der Verlust der Kunstwerke zu Mona-Matz, zum Familienmythos.<br /><br />Viele Tausend Kilometer von Washington entfernt sucht auch eine andere Frau nach eben jenen Gemälden, auch sie nennt die Kunstwerke ihren Besitz. Henriette von Schirach hat sich von Baldur scheiden lassen, er war bei den Nürnberger Prozessen als Verantwortlicher für die Deportation von 185 000 österreichischen Juden zu 20 Jahren Haft verurteilt worden. Sein Besitz bleibt eingezogen wie der von Hitler, Göring und den anderen NS-Größen. Die Schätze lagern im Münchner Central Collecting Point im ehemaligen "Führerbau" in der Arcisstraße. Bis 1949 prüfen die Monuments Men jedes Werk, schicken vieles zurück in die Herkunftsländer.<br /><br />Dann kündigt sich der Kalte Krieg an. Die Amerikaner ziehen ab, geben die 10 600 nicht restituierten Werke in die Verantwortung des bayerischen Ministerpräsidenten Hans Ehard. Die Monuments Men stellen nur eine Bedingung: "Dass die Untersuchung der Herkunft der Bilder fortgesetzt wird." Ehard überlässt die Aufgabe dem Generaldirektor der Bayerischen Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Eberhard Hanfstaengl, einem Cousin von Hitlers engem Weggefährten Ernst Hanfstaengl.<br /><br />Henriette von Schirach lebt jetzt in Schwabing, unter ihrem weniger auffälligen Geburtsnamen Hoffmann. Bei den Partys in ihrer Villa sind Künstler, Kuratoren und die Münchner Gesellschaft zu Gast. Sie firmiert mal als Filmproduzentin, mal als Journalistin, mal als Schriftstellerin. Dass sie sich gelegentlich Henriette Richards nennt, dass sie die Scheidung vom Filmproduzenten Alfred Jacob bekannt gibt, mit dem sie nie verheiratet war, dass sie wegen Meineids verurteilt wird, dass sie in ihren Memoiren damit kokettiert, ihre abgelegten Kleider als "letzte Kleider von Eva Braun" an GIs verkauft zu haben - es stört niemand: Mitte der Fünfziger darf sie ihr enteignetes Landhaus am Kochelsee vom Freistaat zum Spottpreis von 45 Mark pro Quadratmeter zurückkaufen, sie stößt es für das Doppelte sofort wieder ab. Jetzt will sie Kunst und Mobiliar zurück.<br /><br />Sie weiß, an wen sie sich wenden muss. Schon 1949 steht sie in Hanfstaengls Büro. Als Chef der Staatsgemäldesammlungen verwaltet er im Auftrag von Bund und Land die von den Monuments Men gerettete Kunst. Mit seinem Auftrag nimmt es der Direktor aber nicht so genau. Schon am 4. Juni 1949 übergibt er der "sehr verehrten Frau Hoffmann" 44 Möbel, Bilder und Teppiche, danach 13 weitere Gegenstände. Alle "wertlos" wie Hanfstaengl beteuert. Außerdem habe Hoffmann "glaubhaft belegt", die Sachen in die Ehe mit Schirach eingebracht zu haben.<br /><br />All das bleibt nicht unbemerkt. Im Landesamt für Wiedergutmachung empört man sich 1950 in einem Brief an das Finanzministerium darüber, wie Henriette Hoffmann "ständig unter Anwendung aller Mittel" versuche, "möglichst viel aus dem Vermögenskomplex der Familie v. Schirach für sich zu retten", "auch unter Ausspielung der einzelnen Dienststellen gegeneinander". Philipp Auerbach, der Auschwitz überlebt hat und von 1946 bis 1951 als Staatskommissar in der Behörde zuständig ist, wirft Hanfstaengl "Galanterie gegenüber Damen von Kriegsverbrechern" vor; "Unverschämtheit" schreibt Hanfstaengl in Rot an den Rand des Briefs. Mehr als eine Rüge von Ministerpräsident Ehard zieht der Museumsmann sich nicht zu. Und es hindert die zusammen mit den Staatsgemäldesammlungen für die Verwaltung der Raubkunst zuständige Oberfinanzdirektion auch nicht daran, Henriette Hoffmann 24 weitere Kunstgegenstände zurückzugeben. In den nächsten 15 Jahren wird sie erfolgreich weitermachen.<br /><br />Sie ist nicht die Einzige. München, einst "Hauptstadt der Bewegung", ist das ideale Biotop für die Raubkunst-Mauschelei. Viele NS-Größen hatten in Bayern ihre Landhäuser, in den letzten Kriegsmonaten schafften sie ihre gestohlenen Kunstschätze in den vermeintlich sicheren Süden. Was zählt, sind alte Verbindungen. Auch nach der Kapitulation. Da ist Ernst Buchner, Hanfstaengls Nachfolger als Generaldirektor der Staatsgemäldesammlungen. Er hatte die Sammlungen schon von 1932 bis 1945 geleitet, die Monuments Men hatten ausdrücklich empfohlen, dass ihm "eine Position in einer neuen deutschen Kunst-Verwaltung dauerhaft verwehrt" werden müsse. Auch viele seiner Mitarbeiter und Nachfolger haben am Kunstraub mitgewirkt; die Münchner Kunstszene damals ist ein Netzwerk alter Nazi-Getreuer.<br /><br />Und nach dem Abzug der Amerikaner wird es bei den Staatsgemäldesammlungen, im Kultusministerium und in der Münchner Zweigstelle der Oberfinanzdirektion hektisch: Die Deutschen stehen da mit Tausenden Kunstwerken ermordeter Juden. Doch die Nachkriegsbeamten denken nicht an die Vorbesitzer, erforschen keine Provenienzen. Sie teilen den Schatz untereinander auf. Es gibt Kunstbörsen, bei denen sich Museen und Behörden bedienen. Ein Gemälde aus Görings Besitz landet im Petersberg-Gästehaus der Bundesregierung, eine Canaletto-Kopie aus Hitlers Kollektion bei der Deutschen Parlamentarischen Gesellschaft in Bonn.<br /><br />Was nicht gewollt wird, gilt als "nicht museumswürdig" und "unbrauchbar", die Museumsleute werden es "verwerten". Mit der "Verwertung" jüdischer Kunstsammlungen hatten die NS-Behörden die Kassen des Hitler-Staats gefüllt, nun verwertet die Bundesrepublik: Die ersten Versteigerungen veranstalten die Finanzbehörden Ende der 40er-Jahre, die Preise beginnen bei drei Mark.<br /><br />Später übernehmen führende Auktionshäuser den Verkauf. Mindestens eines davon, die Münchner Firma Weinmüller, hatte geraubte Kunst auch in der NS-Zeit versteigert.<br /><br />Was alles fortgegeben wurde, lässt sich heute kaum noch nachverfolgen. Die Staatsgemäldesammlungen sagen, es gebe kein entsprechendes "Suchfeld" in ihrer Datenbank. Beim Bundesamt für zentrale Dienste und offene Vermögensfragen (BADV) sind die Unterlagen "nicht systematisch erschlossen". Man müsse erst noch "die Karteikarten übertragen". Doch dann finden Wissenschaftler im Münchner Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte (ZI) nach einer SZ-Anfrage in Auktionskatalogen und Archiven mehr heraus: Zwischen 1961 und 1998 wurden mindestens 500 Werke verkauft. Vieles davon ist leicht als Raubkunst zu identifizieren: etwa Ernst Karl Georg Zimmermanns "Kartenspieler", der 1963 bei Leo Spik versteigert wurde.<br /><br />Kritik an den klammheimlichen Verkäufen gab es früh: "Dass die Erlöse aus diesen Verkäufen einfach im Bundeshaushalt verschwinden, ist schwer einzusehen", schreibt die SZ 1963. Die Öffentlichkeit habe "ein Recht darauf, dass dieses politische Erbe an Kunstbesitz auch für alle sichtbar 'verwertet' wird." Bei den Verantwortlichen fürchtet man genau das. Kurt Martin, der die Staatsgemäldesammlungen inzwischen leitet, warnt vor dem öffentlichen Verkauf. Er fürchtet, dass "seitens des Auslands erneut der Kunstraub der Nazis aufgegriffen" und die "Rückgabe bzw. Entschädigung für abhanden gekommenes Kunstgut" gefordert wird.<br /><br />Die Forderungen der NS-Familien hingegen werden aufs Geflissentlichste beantwortet. Ministeriale und Museumsleute scheinen es für legitim zu halten, dass die Bormanns, die Franks, die Streichers und Görings Witwe Emmy mit ihrer Tochter Edda den Beamten mit trotzigen oder weinerlichen Schreiben die Zeit stehlen oder, wie die Göring-Witwe persönlich bei Generaldirektor Hanfstaengl auftauchen. Unter den Dokumenten des Münchner Collecting Points ist auch eine Liste, auf der unter dem Vermerk "wird beansprucht von Frau Emmy Goering" 34 Werke genannt werden: Darunter sind Gemälde weltberühmter Künstler wie Guido Reni, Lucas Cranach und Pieter Brueghel.<br /><br />Dokumente, die der SZ vorliegen, belegen, dass sich Hanfstaengl persönlich für die Görings verwendete. Der "Engel mit Harfe", das um 1520 entstandene Gemälde eines Brügger Meisters, sei als "Geschenk von Generalfeldmarschall Göring an Frau Emmy Göring zu Weihnachten 1938 als deren Besitz anzuerkennen". Es gibt zahlreiche solcher Notizen aus den Staatsgemäldesammlungen. Ob Emmy Göring die Werke bekam, lässt sich aber nicht belegen, solange der Zugang zu den Museumsarchiven immer noch erschwert oder verweigert wird.<br /><br />Wenn es um angebliches Eigentum von NS-Größen ging, funktioniert die Provenienzforschung offenbar weit besser als bei den Ansprüchen jüdischer Familien. Die Hoffmann-Familie etwa erhält 28 Werke von Carl Spitzweg, Carl Blechen, Wilhelm Leibl, Franz von Stuck und Franz von Lenbach zurück, dazu Madonnenfiguren. Manchmal müssen sich die Nazi-Familien nicht einmal selbst anstrengen: Im September 1950 schreibt Hanfstaengl an die Familie des Hitler-Fotografen Hoffmann - wegen eines Bildes, "bei dem die Vermutung besteht, dass es Ihnen gehören könnte".<br /><br />Am erfolgreichsten ist Hoffmann selbst, der nach nur fünf Jahren aus der Haft entlassen worden war. Weil er einen Teil seines eingezogenen Vermögens vor der NS-Zeit besessen haben will, sprechen ihm die Gerichte fast alle Kunstwerke wieder zu. Und nach seinem Tod 1957 wird seine umtriebige Tochter die Mission fortsetzen. Die bayerischen Behörden machen es ihr leicht: Henriette muss nicht länger halbwegs glaubhaft machen, dass die Kunstwerke der Familie schon vor 1933 gehört haben. Sie darf sie einfach zurückkaufen. "Wir wären sehr erleichtert, wenn Sie uns von allen Objekten recht bald entlasten könnten", heißt es in einem Brief an die Hoffmann-Familie. "Dazu gehören auch die bereits zum Rückkauf freigegebenen Bilder."<br /><br />Rückkauf - diese neue Methode leitet die nächste Phase im skandalösen Umgang deutscher Museen mit jüdischer Raubkunst ein. Henriette Hoffmann tobt zwar, als ihr anfangs einige Werke weiter verweigert werden: "Genau um die ging es mir!" Dann aber schachert sie, verspricht den Pinakotheken "etwas Schönes". Unter den sieben Werken, die sie schließlich kaufen darf, sind zwei aus der Sammlung der jüdischen Familie Kraus aus Wien: Die "Berglandschaft mit Burg und Fischern", die Nicolaes Berchem zugeschrieben wird, und eben jenes "Holländische Platzbild", das kleine Gemälde im goldenen Rahmen. Henriette Hoffmann scheint nicht sehr daran gehangen zu haben: Wenige Monate später lässt sie es bei Lempertz in Köln versteigern. Der Xantener Dombauverein kauft das Bild für 16 100 Mark, etwa das 55-Fache der 300 Mark, die Hoffmann gezahlt hat.<br /><br />Für die Nachfahren des Ehepaars Kraus, für Tochter Mitzi und ihre Nichte Gladys, sind Mona-Matz und die Kunstsammlung verblasste Jugenderinnerungen. Aber es gibt einen, der Gerechtigkeit will. John Graykowski, Sohn von Gladys und Urenkel von Gottlieb und Mathilde Kraus. Er ist vom Fach, er ist Rechtsanwalt.<br /><br />1998 bewegt sich endlich etwas. In den "Washingtoner Prinzipien" verpflichten sich 44 Staaten, Raubkunst in öffentlichen Sammlungen zu restituieren. Die österreichischen Museen, die Werke aus der Kraus-Sammlung besitzen - das Joanneum und die Albertina -, bieten den Krausens Vergleiche an. "Es war der Moment, in dem ein Familienmythos sich in fassbare Realität verwandelte", erinnert sich Graykowski. Er willigt ein - unter der Bedingung, dass in den Museen die Namen seiner Großeltern neben den Gemälden genannt werden.<br /><br />Bei der Suche nach dem Rest der Sammlung kommt die Familie nicht weiter. Sie hat kein Inventar, keine Fotos. Dann stößt John auf die Commission for Looted Art in Europe (CLAE). Die Londoner Organisation hilft Raubkunst-Opfern. Sie findet bald auch erste Werke der Krausens. Die Kopie des "Platzbilds" wird in einem Katalog des Louvre genannt, eine Fußnote verzeichnet die Dombauhütte in Xanten als Besitzer.<br /><br />2011, zwei Jahre, nachdem Graykowski die CLAE mit der Suche nach den Bildern beauftragt hat, trifft ein dicker Briefumschlag beim Dombauverein ein. Er enthält den "Claim", die Forderung nach Rückgabe des "Platzbilds" an die rechtmäßigen Vorbesitzer. Die Dokumente sind einwandfrei, von den Gestapo-Akten bis zum Katalog der Sammlung Heinrich Hoffmann. Doch die Xantener schweigen. Als die CLAE-Mitvorsitzende Anne Webber nachhakt, heißt es, man habe nie Post aus London erhalten. Als Webber die Eingangsbestätigung der Royal Mail präsentiert, behauptet Xanten, der Brief sei im Büro verloren gegangen.<br /><br />Doch die CLAE wird in den Archiven der Xantener Lokalzeitungen fündig: "Eine echte Überraschung" sei das 100-seitige Gutachten der CLAE aus London gewesen, heißt es im Westen. Hans-Wilhelm Barking, der Vorsitzende des Dombauvereins, fragt in dem Zeitungsbericht: "Was ist, wenn wir das Bild abgeben und es in einem halben Jahr bei Sotheby's für fünf Millionen versteigert wird?" Bis heute ist Barking stolz darauf, "dass das Bild noch in der Nacht abgehängt und sicher verschlossen" wurde. Zur Restitution nach den Washingtoner Prinzipien sei sein Verein nicht verpflichtet: Er sei ja kein Museum.<br /><br />Da Barking verunsichert ist, wendet er sich vorsorglich an die Koordinierungsstelle für Provenienzforschung in Magdeburg, die Anlaufstelle, die im Auftrag der Bundesregierung in Raubkunstfragen berät. Geschäftsführer Michael Franz ist hilfsbereit. "Das kostet eigentlich Geld." Aber für "so einen kleinen Dombauverein" engagiere er sich gern. "Verlangen Sie Nachweise der Erben", ist sein Tipp, bevor er sich auch noch als Vermittler anbietet. Der Nachkomme der Familie Kraus wundert sich: Erst will der Dombauverein den Brief aus London nicht erhalten haben. Dann behauptet das Auktionshaus Lempertz, es fänden sich dort keine Unterlagen zu dem Verkauf des "Holländischen Platzbilds".<br /><br />Als auch noch E-Mails aus Xanten bei der CLAE eingehen, auf denen die Magdeburger Koordinierungsstelle in Kopie gesetzt ist, wird der CLAE klar: Eine der Neutralität verpflichtete Schiedsstelle berät heimlich die gegnerische Seite. Doch nicht nur der Xantener Dombauverein mauert. Auch die bayerischen Behörden, die für den Bilderverkauf verantwortlich waren, schließen die Reihen. Im bayerischen Kultusministerium äußert sich Ministerialrat Burkhard von Urff: Man habe umfangreiche Recherchen unternommen. "Über weitergehende Informationen (. . .) verfügen wir leider nicht." Ähnlich klingt der Tenor bei den Gemäldesammlungen: Provenienzforscherin Andrea Bambi, immerhin eine der prominentesten Vertreterinnen der Disziplin, sagt der SZ, man "helfe Opferfamilien selbstverständlich weiter und Wissenschaftlern, wenn sie ein berechtigtes Interesse haben". Gegenüber der CLAE bestätigt Bambi den Verkauf des "Platzbilds" an Henriette Hoffmann. Als Webber nachhakt, reagiert sie gereizt: "Ich habe Ihnen bereits alle mir zugänglichen Dokumente übermittelt und die Rechtsgrundlage für die Bildverkäufe erläutert. Eine weitere Recherche meinerseits wird nicht erfolgen, da sich die Kunstwerke seit 1962 nicht mehr in unserem Eigentum befinden." Und das, obwohl im Archiv der Staatsgemäldesammlungen, nur ein paar Türen von Bambis Büro, Mappen voller Briefe, Notizen und Fotos zu diesen Fällen liegen.<br /><br /><strong>Weil deutsche Behörden mauern, schickt Washington den Sonderbeauftragten für Holocaust-Fragen nach München<br /></strong><br />Was Kunsthistoriker, Kunsthändler und Museumsleute zwischen 1933 und 1945 im NS-Staat taten, ist bestenfalls in Teilen aufgearbeitet. Sicher ist: Auch sie profitierten, als "Verwerter" des jüdischen Besitzes. Doch während Juristen, Mediziner, das Auswärtige Amt, Siemens, BMW und gar die Münchner Staatsoper ihre Rolle untersucht haben, scheut die Kunstbranche jede NS-Aufarbeitung. Anne Webber sagt über die Museumsszene: "Viele hatten gehofft, dass Deutschland Vorbild sein könnte für die Aufarbeitung und Restitution. Aber 20 Jahre nach den Washingtoner Prinzipien hat es das Land nicht einmal geschafft, eine vollständige Liste der Kunstwerke mit problematischer Herkunft zu erstellen." Sie sagt: "Das macht es für Familien wie die Nachfahren der Krausens fast unmöglich, ihren Besitz zu finden."<br /><br />Aufklärung, davon sind die Münchner Museumsleute weit entfernt. Sie arbeiten nicht mal mit anderen deutschen Behörden zusammen. Seit Jahren fordert Margit Ksoll-Marcon, Generaldirektorin der Bayerischen Staatsarchive, Einblick in die Museumsdokumente: "Behörden sind laut Archivgesetz verpflichtet, uns ihre Unterlagen zugänglich zu machen. Die Gemäldesammlungen sind eine Behörde." Es ist ein Appell, der folgenlos verhallt: "Wir haben nicht ein Stück Papier von den Gemäldesammlungen."<br /><br />Selbst an der Spitze scheint man in der bayerischen Museumswelt nicht über mögliche Verfehlungen nachzudenken. Im obersten Stock der Neuen Pinakothek schotten schwere Türen das Büro des Generaldirektors ab, gegen Lärm und vielleicht auch gegen bessere Einsicht. Bernhard Maaz, seit April 2015 im Amt, muss seine Stimme nur leicht heben, um scharf zu klingen: "Man muss nicht unterstellen, dass unsere Mitarbeiter etwas verheimlichen."<br /><br />Das schleppende Tempo der Aufarbeitung bei der Raubkunst hat sich bis Washington herumgesprochen. Im März 2012 schickt die Regierung einen Sondergesandten für Post-Holocaust-Fragen nach München. Der in der bayerischen Landeshauptstadt in Kunstdingen fast allmächtige Toni Schmid, Ministerialdirigent im bayerischen Kultusministerium, war bei dem Treffen mit dem Amerikaner dabei.<br /><br />Das bayerische Ministerium hält sich auch hier bedeckt. Zu erfahren ist nur, dass man auf die US-Kritik "reagiert habe", wie Museumsfrau Bambi sagt. Aber was heißt das? Mit einem neuen Forschungsprojekt ihres Hauses. Ergebnisse will sie - drei Jahre, nachdem die Amerikaner Transparenz eingefordert haben - aber nicht nennen.<br /><br />Transparenz in Raubkunstfragen ist etwas anderes. John Graykowski, der Urenkel der Krausens, ist eigentlich ein No-Nonsense-Typ, der als Anwalt für die US-Regierung arbeitet. Am Konferenztisch des CLAE-Büros in London wundert er sich über den Xantener Dombauverein: "Mein Vater war Katholik. Auch ich bin sehr gläubig. Warum verhält sich meine Kirche so?"<br /><br />Anne Webber hält sich lieber an Fakten. Man brauche endlich ein transparentes, für alle deutschen Museen bindendes Verfahren, da bisher die unrechtmäßigen Eigner über den Umgang mit der Raubkunst entscheiden: "Es gibt immer noch keinen einheitlichen Vorgang, um einen Anspruch auf ein geplündertes Kunstwerk in Deutschland zu erheben." Dass Dokumente, besonders in Bayern, unzugänglich sind, widerspreche "deutschen und den bayerischen Gesetzen sowie der Washingtoner Erklärung". Da richtet sich John Graykowski, Nachkomme von Gottlieb und Mathilde Kraus aus Wien, im Armstuhl auf: "Wenn ich nicht kämpfe, werde ich mitschuldig. Dann bin ich Komplize."</p> <p><strong><br /></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: arial; color: black; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span></p><a href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/umgang-bayerischer-museen-mit-der-ns-zeit-emmy-goering-will-ihr-bild-zurueck-1.3050229">http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/umgang-bayerischer-museen-mit-der-ns-zeit-emmy-goering-will-ihr-bild-zurueck-1.3050229</a></div> <div class="copy"><ul class="bottommenu"><ul class="bottommenu"><li><a href="/terms-and-conditions">Terms & Conditions</a></li> </ul></ul>© website copyright Central Registry 2025 </div> </div><!--outer--> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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