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-webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Xanthomonas</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">443 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Xanthomonas</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Xanthomonas">People</a></li></ul></div><style 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class="js-paper-rank-work_55132014 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55132014"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55132014, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55132014", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55132014 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55132014; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55132014"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55132014 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55132014"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55132014; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55132014]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55132014").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55132014").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55132014"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12036" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pepper">Pepper</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12036" type="text/json">{"id":12036,"name":"Pepper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pepper?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66973" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases">Plant diseases</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66973" type="text/json">{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55132014]'), work: {"id":55132014,"title":"Reclassification of the Xanthomonads Associated with Bacterial Spot Disease of Tomato and Pepper","created_at":"2021-10-03T07:31:30.580-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55132014/Reclassification_of_the_Xanthomonads_Associated_with_Bacterial_Spot_Disease_of_Tomato_and_Pepper?f_ri=676491","dom_id":"work_55132014","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71151153,"asset_id":55132014,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41272486,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Stall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertStall","display_name":"Robert Stall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertStall?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":12036,"name":"Pepper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pepper?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":103360,"name":"Nucleic acid hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_acid_hybridization?f_ri=676491"},{"id":188240,"name":"Tomato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomato?f_ri=676491"},{"id":588666,"name":"Capsicum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capsicum?f_ri=676491"},{"id":624980,"name":"Plant Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Pathology?f_ri=676491"},{"id":676491,"name":"Xanthomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1640340,"name":"Lycopersicon esculentum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lycopersicon_esculentum?f_ri=676491"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24166541" data-work_id="24166541" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24166541/Selection_and_validation_of_reference_genes_for_real_time_RT_PCR_studies_in_the_non_model_species_Delomys_sublineatus_an_endemic_Brazilian_rodent">Selection and validation of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR studies in the non-model species Delomys sublineatus, an endemic Brazilian rodent</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24166541" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed79e7a7b8d4e53c7c86c62adb3d4aa7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44511655,"asset_id":24166541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44511655/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="148890" href="https://sissa.academia.edu/RemoSanges">Remo Sanges</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="148890" type="text/json">{"id":148890,"first_name":"Remo","last_name":"Sanges","domain_name":"sissa","page_name":"RemoSanges","display_name":"Remo Sanges","profile_url":"https://sissa.academia.edu/RemoSanges?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148890/220453/257669/s65_remo.sanges.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24166541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24166541"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24166541, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24166541", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24166541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24166541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24166541"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24166541 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24166541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24166541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24166541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24166541").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24166541").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24166541"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">36</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24166541]'), work: {"id":24166541,"title":"Selection and validation of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR studies in the non-model species Delomys sublineatus, an endemic Brazilian rodent","created_at":"2016-04-07T08:08:23.711-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24166541/Selection_and_validation_of_reference_genes_for_real_time_RT_PCR_studies_in_the_non_model_species_Delomys_sublineatus_an_endemic_Brazilian_rodent?f_ri=676491","dom_id":"work_24166541","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44511655,"asset_id":24166541,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":148890,"first_name":"Remo","last_name":"Sanges","domain_name":"sissa","page_name":"RemoSanges","display_name":"Remo Sanges","profile_url":"https://sissa.academia.edu/RemoSanges?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/148890/220453/257669/s65_remo.sanges.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=676491"},{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=676491"},{"id":23979,"name":"Endangered Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endangered_Species?f_ri=676491"},{"id":24173,"name":"F Mri Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/F_Mri_Research?f_ri=676491"},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=676491"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=676491"},{"id":37833,"name":"Real-time RT-PCR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real-time_RT-PCR?f_ri=676491"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=676491"},{"id":52873,"name":"Virulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence?f_ri=676491"},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=676491"},{"id":84648,"name":"Atlantic Forest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Forest?f_ri=676491"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=676491"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=676491"},{"id":125387,"name":"Normalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normalization?f_ri=676491"},{"id":146424,"name":"Indicator species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indicator_species?f_ri=676491"},{"id":176238,"name":"Trees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trees?f_ri=676491"},{"id":194388,"name":"Sigmodontinae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmodontinae?f_ri=676491"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=676491"},{"id":233229,"name":"Genes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genes?f_ri=676491"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=676491"},{"id":430400,"name":"Dna Gyrase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dna_Gyrase?f_ri=676491"},{"id":676491,"name":"Xanthomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas?f_ri=676491"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=676491"},{"id":769476,"name":"Solanum Melongena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solanum_Melongena?f_ri=676491"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=676491"},{"id":823464,"name":"Gene Expression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Analysis?f_ri=676491"},{"id":868172,"name":"Citrus Sinensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citrus_Sinensis?f_ri=676491"},{"id":962638,"name":"High Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Sensitivity?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1280813,"name":"Mus Musculus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mus_Musculus?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1297608,"name":"Organic Chemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemicals?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1810445,"name":"Gene expression profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression_profiling?f_ri=676491"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3810200" data-work_id="3810200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3810200/High_resolution_genetic_mapping_of_bacterial_blight_resistance_gene_Xa10">High-resolution genetic mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene Xa10</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bacterial blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is the most devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa L). Rice lines that carry resistance (R) gene Xa10 confer race-specific resistance to Xoo strains harboring... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3810200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bacterial blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is the most devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa L). Rice lines that carry resistance (R) gene Xa10 confer race-specific resistance to Xoo strains harboring avirulence (Avr) gene avrXa10. Here we report on genetic study, disease evaluation and fine genetic mapping of the Xa10 gene. The inheritance of Xa10-mediated resistance to PXO99A(pHM1avrXa10) did not follow typical Mendelian inheritance for single dominant gene in F2 population derived from IR24 × IRBB10. A locus might be present in IRBB10 that caused distorted segregation in F2 population. To eliminate this locus, an F3 population (F3-65) was identified, which showed normal Mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1 for resistance and susceptibility. A new near-isogenic line (F3-65-1743) of Xa10 in IR24 genetic background was developed and designated as IRBB10A. IRBB10A retained similar resistance specificity as that of IRBB10 and provided complete resistance to PXO99A(pHM1avrXa10) from seedling to adult stages. Linkage analysis using existing RFLP markers and F2 mapping population mapped the Xa10 locus to the proximal side of E1981S with genetic distance at 0.93 cM. With five new RFLP markers developed from the genomic sequence of Nipponbare, Xa10 was finely mapped at genetic distance of 0.28 cM between proximal marker M491 and distal marker M419 and co-segregated with markers S723 and M604. The physical distance between M491 and M419 on Nipponbare genome is 74 kb. Seven genes have been annotated from this 74-kb region and six of them are possible Xa10 candidates. The results of this study will be useful in Xa10 cloning and marker-assisted breeding.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3810200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fe4c0863f72bcbdec454eaa53bc54c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50129615,"asset_id":3810200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50129615/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4685971" href="https://independent.academia.edu/songkeyu">song keyu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4685971" type="text/json">{"id":4685971,"first_name":"song","last_name":"keyu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"songkeyu","display_name":"song keyu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/songkeyu?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3810200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3810200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3810200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3810200", }); 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Rice lines that carry resistance (R) gene Xa10 confer race-specific resistance to Xoo strains harboring avirulence (Avr) gene avrXa10. Here we report on genetic study, disease evaluation and fine genetic mapping of the Xa10 gene. The inheritance of Xa10-mediated resistance to PXO99A(pHM1avrXa10) did not follow typical Mendelian inheritance for single dominant gene in F2 population derived from IR24 × IRBB10. A locus might be present in IRBB10 that caused distorted segregation in F2 population. To eliminate this locus, an F3 population (F3-65) was identified, which showed normal Mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1 for resistance and susceptibility. A new near-isogenic line (F3-65-1743) of Xa10 in IR24 genetic background was developed and designated as IRBB10A. IRBB10A retained similar resistance specificity as that of IRBB10 and provided complete resistance to PXO99A(pHM1avrXa10) from seedling to adult stages. Linkage analysis using existing RFLP markers and F2 mapping population mapped the Xa10 locus to the proximal side of E1981S with genetic distance at 0.93 cM. With five new RFLP markers developed from the genomic sequence of Nipponbare, Xa10 was finely mapped at genetic distance of 0.28 cM between proximal marker M491 and distal marker M419 and co-segregated with markers S723 and M604. The physical distance between M491 and M419 on Nipponbare genome is 74 kb. Seven genes have been annotated from this 74-kb region and six of them are possible Xa10 candidates. The results of this study will be useful in Xa10 cloning and marker-assisted breeding.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50129615,"asset_id":3810200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4685971,"first_name":"song","last_name":"keyu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"songkeyu","display_name":"song keyu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/songkeyu?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innate_immunity?f_ri=676491"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=676491"},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=676491"},{"id":144672,"name":"Genetic Map","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Map?f_ri=676491"},{"id":149368,"name":"Oryza Sativa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oryza_Sativa?f_ri=676491"},{"id":309086,"name":"High Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Resolution?f_ri=676491"},{"id":572160,"name":"Bacterial blight of rice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_blight_of_rice?f_ri=676491"},{"id":676491,"name":"Xanthomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas?f_ri=676491"},{"id":732028,"name":"Genome sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_sequence?f_ri=676491"},{"id":812412,"name":"Genetic Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Mapping?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1155409,"name":"Genetic distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_distance?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1181939,"name":"PLANT PROTEINS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLANT_PROTEINS?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1445140,"name":"Linkage Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linkage_Analysis?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1486752,"name":"Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv. Oryzae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas_Oryzae_Pv._Oryzae?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1781870,"name":"Oryza Sativa L","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oryza_Sativa_L?f_ri=676491"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14298483" data-work_id="14298483" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14298483/Effective_strategy_for_pyramiding_three_bacterial_blight_resistance_genes_into_fine_grain_rice_cultivar_Samba_Mahsuri_using_sequence_tagged_site_markers">Effective strategy for pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes into fine grain rice cultivar, Samba Mahsuri, using sequence tagged site markers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14298483" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c18d02f5ffa331555316848c877cd223" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44344653,"asset_id":14298483,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44344653/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33257044" href="https://ttu.academia.edu/KameswaraKottapalli">Kameswara Kottapalli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33257044" type="text/json">{"id":33257044,"first_name":"Kameswara","last_name":"Kottapalli","domain_name":"ttu","page_name":"KameswaraKottapalli","display_name":"Kameswara Kottapalli","profile_url":"https://ttu.academia.edu/KameswaraKottapalli?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14298483 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14298483"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14298483, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14298483", }); 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Oryzae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas_Oryzae_Pv._Oryzae?f_ri=676491"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20160786" data-work_id="20160786" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20160786/Characterization_of_two_recessive_genes_controlling_resistance_to_all_races_of_bacterial_spot_in_peppers">Characterization of two recessive genes controlling resistance to all races of bacterial spot in peppers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9641536" data-work_id="9641536" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9641536/Rapid_and_sensitive_detection_of_Citrus_Bacterial_Canker_by_loop_mediated_isothermal_amplification_combined_with_simple_visual_evaluation_methods">Rapid and sensitive detection of Citrus Bacterial Canker by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with simple visual evaluation methods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9641536" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC) is a major, highly contagious disease of citrus plants present in many countries in Asia, Africa and America, but not in the Mediterranean area. There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment. Results A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pure Xcc DNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes. Conclusions The CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9641536" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6015186a34745c771cadaf2f3ac7d66d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47694119,"asset_id":9641536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47694119/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22978851" href="https://dfsg.academia.edu/AlexandrFG">Alexandr FG</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22978851" type="text/json">{"id":22978851,"first_name":"Alexandr","last_name":"FG","domain_name":"dfsg","page_name":"AlexandrFG","display_name":"Alexandr FG","profile_url":"https://dfsg.academia.edu/AlexandrFG?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9641536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9641536"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9641536, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9641536", }); 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There are three types of Citrus Bacterial Canker, named A, B, and C that have different genotypes and posses variation in host range within citrus species. The causative agent for type A CBC is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, while Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii, strain B causes type B CBC and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes CBC type C. The early and accurate identification of those bacteria is essential for the protection of the citrus industry. Detection methods based on bacterial isolation, antibodies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed previously; however, these approaches may be time consuming, laborious and, in the case of PCR, it requires expensive laboratory equipment. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is a novel isothermal DNA amplification technique, is sensitive, specific, fast and requires no specialized laboratory equipment. Results A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker (CBC-LAMP) was developed and evaluated. DNA samples were obtained from infected plants or cultured bacteria. A typical ladder-like pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed in all positive samples in contrast to the negative controls. In addition, amplification products were detected by visual inspection using SYBRGreen and using a lateral flow dipstick, eliminating the need for gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated in different conditions and using several sample sources which included purified DNA, bacterium culture and infected plant tissue. The sensitivity of the CBC-LAMP was 10 fg of pure Xcc DNA, 5 CFU in culture samples and 18 CFU in samples of infected plant tissue. No cross reaction was observed with DNA of other phytopathogenic bacteria. The assay was capable of detecting CBC-causing strains from several geographical origins and pathotypes. Conclusions The CBC-LAMP technique is a simple, fast, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of Citrus Bacterial Canker. This method can be useful in the phytosanitary programs of the citrus industry worldwide.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47694119,"asset_id":9641536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22978851,"first_name":"Alexandr","last_name":"FG","domain_name":"dfsg","page_name":"AlexandrFG","display_name":"Alexandr FG","profile_url":"https://dfsg.academia.edu/AlexandrFG?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":66973,"name":"Plant diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_diseases?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20208023" data-work_id="20208023" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20208023/Isolation_and_characterization_of_bioactive_and_antibacterial_compound_from_Helianthus_annuus_linn">Isolation and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial compound from Helianthus annuus linn</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A bioactive compound with antibacterial activity was isolated and purified from the extract of leaves of sunflower, Helianthus annuus. The bioactive compound was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR. The compound induced auxin, gibberellins... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20208023" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A bioactive compound with antibacterial activity was isolated and purified from the extract of leaves of sunflower, Helianthus annuus. The bioactive compound was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR. The compound induced auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin in Oryza sativa and Phaseolus mungo. It also showed activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20208023" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a914b7e26618a907f2c7661d1f540767" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41068852,"asset_id":20208023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41068852/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41387459" href="https://unom.academia.edu/PKalaichelvan">P. 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The bioactive compound was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR. The compound induced auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin in Oryza sativa and Phaseolus mungo. It also showed activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41068852,"asset_id":20208023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41387459,"first_name":"P.","last_name":"Kalaichelvan","domain_name":"unom","page_name":"PKalaichelvan","display_name":"P. 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The mechanism of the synthesis of xanthan gum is thought... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11498179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xanthomonas campestris is known as xanthan gum biopolymer producing bacteria, which is useful as thickener, <br />stabilizer,  and  suspending  agent  in  the  food  industry.  The  mechanism  of  the  synthesis  of  xanthan  gum  is <br />thought to involve enzymatic metabolism is quite complex, so that research on that existence of enzymes that <br />play  a  role  in  the  synthesis  of  biopolymer  is  important  to  expose.  This  study,  aimed  to  test  the  ability  of  X. <br />campestris  culture  that  has  transglycosylation  activity  as  a  producer  of  cyclodextrin  glucanotransferase <br />(CGTase) on acceptor of resorcinol and corn flour as its substrate to produce polyphenol glycosides as transfer <br />products  that  may  have  antimelanogenesis  activity.  Reaction  products  were  analyzed  by  thin  layer <br />chromatography.  The  study  was  focused  to  test  and  to  purify  polyphenol  glycoside  using  ODS  coloum <br />chromatography  eluted  with  methanol  and  1%  formic  acid  as  gradient  eluent.  Result  showed  that  the <br />polyphenol glycoside, arbutin, and resorcinol at a  concentration of 5 mM had potentially inhibitory effect that <br />suppressed against activity of enzyme tyrosinase that might be presumably playing a role in the synthesis of <br />melanin in a mechanism of melanogenesis, amount to 10.57%, 5.69%, 13.90%, respectively</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11498179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c081c06b807e8aa56b8e67bddf6807e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37014966,"asset_id":11498179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37014966/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18079929" href="https://ums.academia.edu/MuhammadIqbalHashmi">Muhammad Iqbal Hashmi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18079929" type="text/json">{"id":18079929,"first_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","last_name":"Hashmi","domain_name":"ums","page_name":"MuhammadIqbalHashmi","display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal Hashmi","profile_url":"https://ums.academia.edu/MuhammadIqbalHashmi?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18079929/7940072/8894692/s65_muhammad_iqbal.hashmi.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11498179">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11498179"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JokoSulistyo">Joko Sulistyo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11498179'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11498179').html(); 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The mechanism of the synthesis of xanthan gum is \nthought to involve enzymatic metabolism is quite complex, so that research on that existence of enzymes that \nplay a role in the synthesis of biopolymer is important to expose. This study, aimed to test the ability of X. \ncampestris culture that has transglycosylation activity as a producer of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase \n(CGTase) on acceptor of resorcinol and corn flour as its substrate to produce polyphenol glycosides as transfer \nproducts that may have antimelanogenesis activity. Reaction products were analyzed by thin layer \nchromatography. The study was focused to test and to purify polyphenol glycoside using ODS coloum \nchromatography eluted with methanol and 1% formic acid as gradient eluent. Result showed that the \npolyphenol glycoside, arbutin, and resorcinol at a concentration of 5 mM had potentially inhibitory effect that \nsuppressed against activity of enzyme tyrosinase that might be presumably playing a role in the synthesis of \nmelanin in a mechanism of melanogenesis, amount to 10.57%, 5.69%, 13.90%, respectively","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37014966,"asset_id":11498179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18079929,"first_name":"Muhammad Iqbal","last_name":"Hashmi","domain_name":"ums","page_name":"MuhammadIqbalHashmi","display_name":"Muhammad Iqbal Hashmi","profile_url":"https://ums.academia.edu/MuhammadIqbalHashmi?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18079929/7940072/8894692/s65_muhammad_iqbal.hashmi.jpg"},{"id":7926221,"first_name":"Joko","last_name":"Sulistyo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JokoSulistyo","display_name":"Joko 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6387366/Emended_classification_of_xanthomonad_pathogens_on_citrus">Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6387366" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a14ecd40edb44ccb71d11de5e258466b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33200707,"asset_id":6387366,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Xanthomonas maltophilia colonization and infection in the hospital environment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Between April 1992 and December 1993, 80 Xanthomonas maltophilia isolates were collected from 63 patients in three acute-care hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. On the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28181645" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Between April 1992 and December 1993, 80 Xanthomonas maltophilia isolates were collected from 63 patients in three acute-care hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. On the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions, 48 patients had nosocomial and 15 had community-acquired X. maltophilia. Thirty-eight of the patients were colonized and 25 were infected. Sixty-four percent of patients who acquired X. maltophilia in the intensive care unit (ICU) became infected, whereas 32% of patients in a non-ICU setting became infected. ICU patients tended to be hospitalized for a shorter period of time than non-ICU patients before the onset of X. maltophilia infection. Regardless of being colonized or infected, all patients had debilitating conditions, with respiratory disease being the most common underlying illness (35%). Forty-two patients (88%) with hospital-acquired X. maltophilia received prior antibiotic therapy which included gentamicin, tobramycin, ceftazidime, piperac...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28181645" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4be7eedf21524c948cdcbab646b95f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48492441,"asset_id":28181645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48492441/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52827129" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethHenderson8">Elizabeth Henderson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52827129" type="text/json">{"id":52827129,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Henderson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethHenderson8","display_name":"Elizabeth Henderson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethHenderson8?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28181645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28181645"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28181645, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28181645", }); 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On the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions, 48 patients had nosocomial and 15 had community-acquired X. maltophilia. Thirty-eight of the patients were colonized and 25 were infected. Sixty-four percent of patients who acquired X. maltophilia in the intensive care unit (ICU) became infected, whereas 32% of patients in a non-ICU setting became infected. ICU patients tended to be hospitalized for a shorter period of time than non-ICU patients before the onset of X. maltophilia infection. Regardless of being colonized or infected, all patients had debilitating conditions, with respiratory disease being the most common underlying illness (35%). Forty-two patients (88%) with hospital-acquired X. maltophilia received prior antibiotic therapy which included gentamicin, tobramycin, ceftazidime, piperac...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48492441,"asset_id":28181645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52827129,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Henderson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethHenderson8","display_name":"Elizabeth Henderson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethHenderson8?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":43665,"name":"Molecular Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Epidemiology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Microbiology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":57907,"name":"Disease Outbreaks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreaks?f_ri=676491"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=676491"},{"id":72771,"name":"Respiratory Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_Disease?f_ri=676491"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=676491"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=676491"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=676491"},{"id":115151,"name":"Microbial genetic and drug resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_genetic_and_drug_resistance?f_ri=676491"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=676491"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=676491"},{"id":371424,"name":"Genomic DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomic_DNA?f_ri=676491"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=676491"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=676491"},{"id":676491,"name":"Xanthomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1206482,"name":"Cross-infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-infection?f_ri=676491"},{"id":1249098,"name":"Acute Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Care?f_ri=676491"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26434758" data-work_id="26434758" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26434758/Effects_of_pressure_on_the_activity_and_spectroscopic_properties_of_carboxyl_proteinases_Apparent_correlation_of_pepstatin_insensitivity_and_pressure_response">Effects of pressure on the activity and spectroscopic properties of carboxyl proteinases. Apparent correlation of pepstatin-insensitivity and pressure response</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The pressure dependence of the activity and spectroscopic properties of four carboxyl proteinases were investigated. Two were pepstatin-sensitive carboxyl proteinases (porcine pepsin and proteinase A from baker&#39;s yeast) and two were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26434758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The pressure dependence of the activity and spectroscopic properties of four carboxyl proteinases were investigated. Two were pepstatin-sensitive carboxyl proteinases (porcine pepsin and proteinase A from baker&#39;s yeast) and two were pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinases (from Pseudomonas sp. 101 (pseudomonapepsin; PCP) and Xanthomonas sp. T-22 (xanthomonapepsin; XCP)). The specificity constant [k(cat)/K(m(app))] of PCP and XCP for a synthetic peptide substrate showed only a slight decrease with increasing pressure, whereas pepsin and proteinase A showed substantial disactivation at higher pressures. The calculated apparent activation volume (Delta V((k(cat)/(K(m)) was about 1, 3, 13, and 14 mL.mol(-1) for PCP, XCP, pepsin, and proteinase A, respectively. The hydrolysis of acid-denatured myoglobin by the four carboxyl proteinases was only slightly affected by high pressure (except for proteinase A at 400 MPa), in contrast to the results for the peptide hydrolysis. In fact, P...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26434758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e730f414a4870f63f259faf197eafbd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46731566,"asset_id":26434758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46731566/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50381764" href="https://kit-jp.academia.edu/KoheiOda">Kohei Oda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50381764" type="text/json">{"id":50381764,"first_name":"Kohei","last_name":"Oda","domain_name":"kit-jp","page_name":"KoheiOda","display_name":"Kohei Oda","profile_url":"https://kit-jp.academia.edu/KoheiOda?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50381764/44932971/35206328/s65_kohei.oda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26434758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26434758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26434758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26434758", }); 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data-work_id="23352752" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23352752/Xanthomonas_axonopodis_pv_phaseoli_var_fuscans_Is_Aggregated_in_Stable_Biofilm_Population_Sizes_in_the_Phyllosphere_of_Field_Grown_Beans">Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans Is Aggregated in Stable Biofilm Population Sizes in the Phyllosphere of Field-Grown Beans</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23352752" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/23317823/Comparative_genomics_of_a_cannabis_pathogen_reveals_insight_into_the_evolution_of_pathogenicity_in_Xanthomonas">Comparative genomics of a cannabis pathogen reveals insight into the evolution of pathogenicity in Xanthomonas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Pathogenic bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas cause diseases on over 350 plant species, including cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Because of regulatory limitations, the biology of the Xanthomonas-cannabis pathosystem remains largely... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23317823" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Pathogenic bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas cause diseases on over 350 plant species, including cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Because of regulatory limitations, the biology of the Xanthomonas-cannabis pathosystem remains largely unexplored. To gain insight into the evolution of Xanthomonas strains pathogenic to cannabis, we sequenced the genomes of two geographically distinct Xanthomonas strains, NCPPB 3753 and NCPPB 2877, which were previously isolated from symptomatic plant tissue in Japan and Romania. Comparative multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes revealed that they belong to Group 2, which comprises most of the described species of Xanthomonas. Interestingly, both strains lack the Hrp Type III secretion system and do not contain any of the known Type III effectors. Yet their genomes notably encode two key Hrp pathogenicity regulators HrpG and HrpX, and hrpG and hrpX are in the same genetic organization as in the other Group 2 xanthomonads. Promoter prediction of HrpX-regulated genes suggests the induction of an aminopeptidase, a lipase and two polygalacturonases upon plant colonization, similar to other plant-pathogenic xanthomonads. Genome analysis of the distantly related Xanthomonas maliensis strain 97M, which was isolated from a rice leaf in Mali, similarly demonstrated the presence of HrpG, HrpX, and a HrpX-regulated polygalacturonase, and the absence of the Hrp Type III secretion system and known Type III effectors. Given the observation that some Xanthomonas strains across distinct taxa do not contain hrpG and hrpX, we speculate a stepwise evolution of pathogenicity, which involves (i) acquisition of key regulatory genes and cell wall-degrading enzymes, followed by (ii) acquisition of the Hrp Type III secretion system, which is ultimately accompanied by (iii) successive acquisition of Type III effectors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23317823" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f1c3a78e045eac62f6b2d166e44acc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43777210,"asset_id":23317823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43777210/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7670143" href="https://ird.academia.edu/RalfKOEBNIK">Ralf KOEBNIK</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7670143" type="text/json">{"id":7670143,"first_name":"Ralf","last_name":"KOEBNIK","domain_name":"ird","page_name":"RalfKOEBNIK","display_name":"Ralf KOEBNIK","profile_url":"https://ird.academia.edu/RalfKOEBNIK?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23317823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23317823"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23317823, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23317823", }); 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Because of regulatory limitations, the biology of the Xanthomonas-cannabis pathosystem remains largely unexplored. To gain insight into the evolution of Xanthomonas strains pathogenic to cannabis, we sequenced the genomes of two geographically distinct Xanthomonas strains, NCPPB 3753 and NCPPB 2877, which were previously isolated from symptomatic plant tissue in Japan and Romania. Comparative multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes revealed that they belong to Group 2, which comprises most of the described species of Xanthomonas. Interestingly, both strains lack the Hrp Type III secretion system and do not contain any of the known Type III effectors. Yet their genomes notably encode two key Hrp pathogenicity regulators HrpG and HrpX, and hrpG and hrpX are in the same genetic organization as in the other Group 2 xanthomonads. Promoter prediction of HrpX-regulated genes suggests the induction of an aminopeptidase, a lipase and two polygalacturonases upon plant colonization, similar to other plant-pathogenic xanthomonads. Genome analysis of the distantly related Xanthomonas maliensis strain 97M, which was isolated from a rice leaf in Mali, similarly demonstrated the presence of HrpG, HrpX, and a HrpX-regulated polygalacturonase, and the absence of the Hrp Type III secretion system and known Type III effectors. Given the observation that some Xanthomonas strains across distinct taxa do not contain hrpG and hrpX, we speculate a stepwise evolution of pathogenicity, which involves (i) acquisition of key regulatory genes and cell wall-degrading enzymes, followed by (ii) acquisition of the Hrp Type III secretion system, which is ultimately accompanied by (iii) successive acquisition of Type III effectors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43777210,"asset_id":23317823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7670143,"first_name":"Ralf","last_name":"KOEBNIK","domain_name":"ird","page_name":"RalfKOEBNIK","display_name":"Ralf KOEBNIK","profile_url":"https://ird.academia.edu/RalfKOEBNIK?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5504,"name":"Comparative Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Genomics?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":72924,"name":"Genome Sequencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_Sequencing?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":676491,"name":"Xanthomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74369367" data-work_id="74369367" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74369367/Regulation_and_secretion_of_Xanthomonas_virulence_factors">Regulation and secretion of Xanthomonas virulence factors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74369367" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="314d5344c201c4a61611f0dc42223797" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82546995,"asset_id":74369367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82546995/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31239604" href="https://independent.academia.edu/UllaBonas">Ulla Bonas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31239604" type="text/json">{"id":31239604,"first_name":"Ulla","last_name":"Bonas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"UllaBonas","display_name":"Ulla Bonas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/UllaBonas?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74369367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74369367"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74369367, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74369367", }); 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ISOLATED FROM PEPPER LEAVES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Xanthan is the most important microbial exopolysaccharide used in different branches of food and non-food industry. Due to high consumption of glucose and sucrose, usually utilized carbon sources in many bioprocesses, the most prominent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40718475" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xanthan is the most important microbial exopolysaccharide used in different branches of food and non-food industry. Due to high consumption of glucose and sucrose, usually utilized carbon sources in many bioprocesses, the most prominent research in xanthan production is related to the isolation of new xanthan producing strains capable to metabolize other carbon sources and to produce xanthan with characteristics appropriate for usage in food industry. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variation of carbon sources in cultivation media on xanthan production by reference strain Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 and five Xanthomonas strains isolated from infected pepper leaves. Bioprocess efficacy was estimated based on the quantity and quality of biosynthesized xanthan. The obtained results show that both, the selection of the carbon source and selection of producing strain have a statistically significant effect on bioprocess efficacy whereby the influence of carbon sources on the analyzed parameters is more pronounced. It was confirmed that Xanthomonas strains responsible for the production of a large amount of xanthan are not suitable for biosynthesis of good-quality biopolymer. Taking into account all results it can be concluded that the greatest potential in biotechnological xanthan production has strain PFNS PL4 and glucose or starch containing media which is the basis for further research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40718475" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="467db367da954522003fcee9f317faf5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61004706,"asset_id":40718475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61004706/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="73944137" href="https://ns.academia.edu/IdaZahovic">Ida Zahović</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="73944137" type="text/json">{"id":73944137,"first_name":"Ida","last_name":"Zahović","domain_name":"ns","page_name":"IdaZahovic","display_name":"Ida Zahović","profile_url":"https://ns.academia.edu/IdaZahovic?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/73944137/34615936/30352667/s65_ida.zahovic_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40718475 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40718475"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40718475, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40718475", }); 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ISOLATED FROM PEPPER LEAVES","created_at":"2019-10-24T04:57:23.893-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40718475/EFFECT_OF_CARBON_SOURCES_ON_XANTHAN_PRODUCTION_BY_XANTHOMONAS_SPP_ISOLATED_FROM_PEPPER_LEAVES?f_ri=676491","dom_id":"work_40718475","summary":"Xanthan is the most important microbial exopolysaccharide used in different branches of food and non-food industry. Due to high consumption of glucose and sucrose, usually utilized carbon sources in many bioprocesses, the most prominent research in xanthan production is related to the isolation of new xanthan producing strains capable to metabolize other carbon sources and to produce xanthan with characteristics appropriate for usage in food industry. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of variation of carbon sources in cultivation media on xanthan production by reference strain Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 and five Xanthomonas strains isolated from infected pepper leaves. Bioprocess efficacy was estimated based on the quantity and quality of biosynthesized xanthan. The obtained results show that both, the selection of the carbon source and selection of producing strain have a statistically significant effect on bioprocess efficacy whereby the influence of carbon sources on the analyzed parameters is more pronounced. It was confirmed that Xanthomonas strains responsible for the production of a large amount of xanthan are not suitable for biosynthesis of good-quality biopolymer. Taking into account all results it can be concluded that the greatest potential in biotechnological xanthan production has strain PFNS PL4 and glucose or starch containing media which is the basis for further research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61004706,"asset_id":40718475,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":73944137,"first_name":"Ida","last_name":"Zahović","domain_name":"ns","page_name":"IdaZahovic","display_name":"Ida Zahović","profile_url":"https://ns.academia.edu/IdaZahovic?f_ri=676491","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/73944137/34615936/30352667/s65_ida.zahovic_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":92325,"name":"Biopolymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolymers?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":128703,"name":"Xanthan Gum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthan_Gum?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":676491,"name":"Xanthomonas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xanthomonas?f_ri=676491","nofollow":false},{"id":1292702,"name":"Carbon Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Source?f_ri=676491"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1798101" data-work_id="1798101" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1798101/Genomes_based_phylogeny_of_the_genus_Xanthomonas">Genomes-based phylogeny of the genus Xanthomonas</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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xylem vessels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Xanthomonas albilineans causes leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. X. albilineans exhibits distinctive pathogenic mechanisms, ecology and taxonomy compared to other species of Xanthomonas. For example, this species... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23287100" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Xanthomonas albilineans causes leaf scald, a lethal disease of sugarcane. X. albilineans exhibits distinctive pathogenic mechanisms, ecology and taxonomy compared to other species of Xanthomonas. For example, this species produces a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor called albicidin that is largely responsible for inducing disease symptoms; its habitat is limited to xylem; and the species exhibits large variability. A first manuscript on the complete genome sequence of the highly pathogenic X. albilineans strain GPE PC73 focused exclusively on distinctive genomic features shared with Xylella fastidiosa—another xylem-limited Xanthomonadaceae. 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69345661/Comparison_of_the_genomes_of_two_Xanthomonas_pathogens_with_differing_host_">Comparison of the genomes of two Xanthomonas pathogens with differing host …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The genus Xanthomonas is a diverse and economically important group of bacterial phytopathogens, belonging to the -subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) causes citrus canker, which affects most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69345661" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The genus Xanthomonas is a diverse and economically important group of bacterial phytopathogens, belonging to the -subdivision of the Proteobacteria. 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Reaction parameters that affect grafting efficiency and percentage grafting such as monomer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12222355" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Poly(N-vinyl imidazole) (PVI) has been grafted onto carboxymethyl starch (CMS) in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. Reaction parameters that affect grafting efficiency and percentage grafting such as monomer and initiator concentration, the reaction temperature and time were investigated. The grafted products were characterized by FTIR, thermal analysis, SEM photograph and elemental analysis. The antibacterial effects of the carboxymethyl starch-grafted-poly(N-vinylimidazole) (CMS-g-PVI) was examined against two plant pathogens Gram negative bacteria: Xanthomonas perforanss and Xanthomonas oryzae. Generally, upon application of the CMS-g-PVI to the bacterial cells; the mortality rate increased from 45.71 to 59.37% for Xanthomonas perforans and X. oryzae, respectively. While the MIC for most of both bacterial strains were recorded at concentration of 60 μg/mL. The results indicate that CMS-g-PVI has bactericidal properties and can be used for seed treatm...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12222355" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43b23d447c82184e32f40cdf0c6af0de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46295761,"asset_id":12222355,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46295761/download_file?st=MTczMjM4NDA2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30712916" href="https://king-saud.academia.edu/MeeraMoydeen">Meera Moydeen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30712916" type="text/json">{"id":30712916,"first_name":"Meera","last_name":"Moydeen","domain_name":"king-saud","page_name":"MeeraMoydeen","display_name":"Meera Moydeen","profile_url":"https://king-saud.academia.edu/MeeraMoydeen?f_ri=676491","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12222355">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12222355"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElnewehyHassan">Elnewehy Hassan</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12222355'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12222355').html(); 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