CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "pubs.acs.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '929f21173e905e3d',cH: 'SvNtRUDfNkJpU5VbUJlH8_fx5VSkciPaeKHIGnqaUPo-1743584357-1.2.1.1-7bDvyQ2IONgtbc_kGwXdiHvPHewMxO9U27sKPZBNIl.3BgU7NkBNDXXUgz8ZLJuw',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.9b03813?__cf_chl_tk=SPEelRhlTiXSO0MOLi9wwJLPQ1HOelfgBr9FeC_AE6U-1743584357-1.0.1.1-T8sflxv0vEWnQmzzeM4xMABkYuBSFDVsQUlA1wISBa0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743584357',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.9b03813?__cf_chl_f_tk=SPEelRhlTiXSO0MOLi9wwJLPQ1HOelfgBr9FeC_AE6U-1743584357-1.0.1.1-T8sflxv0vEWnQmzzeM4xMABkYuBSFDVsQUlA1wISBa0",md: "oGaM.DD6nFk2Fd5kSBL0d.kpBI7iqB3oqTADKOyKOqo-1743584357-1.2.1.1-9Cia3VWMhiBDIxKa8mqjiwKiz3JKPJBOFF5INf7toE14IRCPR.782Pjz9H5WQ7bxkpPg5hJxXG3OIvmrcQT3zUO9rkHq8o0aszOr4yAriKxP5SuOKgI7PvM516tXJcZxHbs7A3zOHHBpZxp2am6Mh5KNORw6TeGMgLL3MoPJjDJV5QNG7_juIquEdK9nvVxm1McAc9i5Z1jm1Kg.r5gWtKKVOLng6poB060aGMPoBPBYG3lgo1d.3BpHB91SBp.jJWkY.QpkHc5yvq0ngAxWHYitNrLZ2Zj9jkVsx.Ue.8O1urMKJhfZby6vHvfrs9VJ9CG9glVFLNujzMUbDUPrEoFA1qMOxABklHfFb9vfC7W6yurnr3_LQ6XJ0_Lx.ST9MayJdjQKRVtUBXM7B96WXbtmpzXPpP4KhVmZf2oCBnMUPSJb1cZlqqC2rOwVCUTxkqeMbGL1snyJaoj0nvGI07ee9r_Q.NDPfX72QUq3944I751kJfdRLtIFc7bJrXq3fddxVHRsHZCkRTjOvQ3a44CWf6v3PoPlbnhm6kfySTMIxVV3KfQzKjGFVwpzci1AvPLPY1JgK_B9rzd9k.bAg8C3z1B6Rt8P_1_apvhHoiuURABwYB.kz8HDCDr.wB2JG1nNy3vB85PVasAwTJVGRijhYzye8rjKhat3Y6K884BxAgrquWuG8aVpu6AVi8rFyBDKS3wH3Hyh0kkCVEGO7fSnHE_SJNGRxB28i2e3lta54aAQxMTWaMK1NG2K_5QxWfvjP69PW_q0NvmTFDOzFJEb5RY5TNUtGQAlL3jYQIujTNq2a.V3wslmcD9vnr5BxVUuvT0P4K6uU5fBmOWNTvi0YH5ZZtCRUsR63Oq8dt6AqONlxV21aZmF83g_gaVcnf5TkJGKumoXxohj46IPBEQjEsgiU6C.QmRpQLL9UdYrQ25m0MODz___y_f6EsNqV79VhKvXptzws2IJKx_xR0ggnGZc3UxdjOhJwyBNcyw_aOLlgpuJyof0MmNgrurq8KgVhun5r2h8vQBmbCKVtqK80ScA73GZg9WklBGUVKKY9I_bdqeQMKXcXBhx2lE_WeTduF78y7vBrAxhC.4iuQPaAmd0oiKS0P.ppcWEZQMwWelVuiK0lSsIWMnGw0oooPn9fpJucGH9UaK0RofOmUg0276SYMrH8MdLgN_prIWYA5RzpBz_xbWyEEaHA5Zm30uJwApsD2VjrkhBk7xucmKkv8LH4ClZtjLMfz4mgZtmNHFczaP2oIap0VanRpBDNDG8LhLNzeoTepDvANagqQ",mdrd: "CbZFAH4KziDjadvCG0SBFbgh3JYMrBypY0JgyaSTs0g-1743584357-1.2.1.1-xNuoaQ4L3e07oMw53XJnBzwimyvmULWwBMgUYGBIGRV8mpbRSGEoeRJwq5XM3aw.OdU0y_bRsDWI06DPa4_goih3J4zfZjPLNp04SSbHD_gdpnG6Vx15v1A0rZTxRyEI0o9KgwfBKNVrAa5bSw5NNGrnXEOI56szmbczg8HfZA2swVLvM0ra38vgPbqGOq7Kl9zsyeJ7i82HZ8rEEbeFKdM7RLWTEWeRxFrxsJs.e60_6UvMDPwaHliGUn76_Wh_XcCke8Ts1xteyDRo7.qDDjzfR1bTQRmfoFOZhStjjtIe2USQ9i.vtReXepcIgLJoFgLDGMQMWjHgf2IEaPCWjVpfGa.R5MTMLg.ofn0hbJPyWE.uOtrPuGqvCha6VoOusMlpadnyC6A2k6Cc8uBORa7PTJ26HsDTlf65OFKnE7HamgJlgC.fyQXmqfy8IUjfJ9AEVGkOCjSRNm7AMxzaKb.Icbh50yrh7AKA9UwN09PeQ4VgN9oM0REn2AyIDikCLiMlcAFJFPS83OgURJfJUorZRamWzb3Ozb5NH0x8MpGRLyYrv5qPNC1tmrDH.kruz19XQBYgJWo4wkf5cweG_USUDoWzTEZm43BALdBjWO4GuAP1dFzbvkKqq_hVPqyad25dbs6VsxS_CfqUSgIIgC9C9n01WYfJLyeNXc4NS4UNO1odwqXHy7qGZ10LyqmfEAi7.A6DwFWz93.ycDJTdXHEpuzp8U1p1rbwqrP_nh7A3pLtTNIHloTbyO4HfqNwotfc21XyH8qHnpmSR9owsnc0LFhYba40K4cIMdKrC6OfVhkqFxbVDN79.3lUrQpwRbhWeyBWLB43RQH3eGmR1KMlc6Mo_I1QH.lgagX5F0oQFd4B_kwqFr7aYIKzOIPq1heEcyIFvrb0y5QNALOa3i3DXYyzVbO4hndmpLLlGhI9J_7Gvpsb2VbqhoRfa3G4hbVXNIBvyZvSWqFj1.LFP7MVm.3haJNtVhXiUie4DGzDvp.1FBZ74DtgcyJSIadjTZ9NbJSDx2y3iIJ8F4ma3MEJL_uKCfwP6cT6Av_DVqoJ88h95lYh24hWKA8xdWWsVJF8q6DJQGmbkS_pwHD4OGM2UXUjMUBQpUsTxDhl7zKnD0KNVGLjl8IBfHPgRH8WOxCN1aB1ehbUjR03f_RFZhkhCFNAeE3VhoKf0Uls5AsX7AnDiyUsC.QTHJqVOF6OnoMp3OO3E0pkM8TB_r3jA_9k3sSK3vShagHYlxojdo_nvScFAMz57.nFTs7nWzvOM2_mV4JRWVIzzXLGkXPiaWWdxn7RPAV5IKebokNjlgPsqlX0A4XXIHJPxiLqyQJXq7MUTMhkb9BJRll11dyE38Nw6uS4CcgBBfCfxnxl4xO7zvANEq8uiFul5dSqwwD58z.5azY.3suDeGplFMn92fk0haR38.qh7f.C8zaNVyTOUDUvof9IkO2kmKZmM3Iv4w8vbtjHpxWKZmyVYRoiRxLBCHM_fuzahtQia2RhHpmGolBYf.wsa85kXkvj0Zmubn4Ksp8Apen7gqqBmDpnSttAe0bqSEKbTm3HxIPJDkoDt.gkXqh4bikUOsCzn.z.CljXinyfs1D2oEI4sJAHzYcgrrjAr8JPGASgfXCWx2S_78vjO15vDYJHdx5u44_OUry4zojBNj1st1Wb8lhMBjYLw3np9Etz_aNC5ictiUUr6XKsypFYoEmbU3UJ1Z9YGR5LPNa.._iI_fg8.UHL0yMYRiVGNzhGpfiYGA5VKxJGp7obXhx1MvrcVzyHM4RqMwtolY0qh9AHCJwCnXoUcmSysBITQyeYprJDCCDkiCxZOVYZ60h7UEgh4TuoAwzW6dcOtPW8KMAYPkDuS7QRkZplgShAf7fHqzhI2IvPpkePsjPlQdrLSjnOw82vRSno5R5nsWyA9Ase6HQ1z.uM_s9iiZEkrrLlxxs_ix1DQ4tyz4VODcZi.S1sRvzTNppg34X25ZK6mzbMuZbJ2kkiablo85.lH9HGtYPObnYdcau2wANDbzlutlKFAHBzaO_k"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=929f21173e905e3d';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.9b03813?__cf_chl_rt_tk=SPEelRhlTiXSO0MOLi9wwJLPQ1HOelfgBr9FeC_AE6U-1743584357-1.0.1.1-T8sflxv0vEWnQmzzeM4xMABkYuBSFDVsQUlA1wISBa0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>