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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mercury in lamps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercury_in_lamps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broken_lamps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broken_lamps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Broken lamps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broken_lamps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phosphors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phosphors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phosphors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phosphors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mercury_containment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mercury_containment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mercury containment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mercury_containment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disposal_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disposal_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Disposal methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disposal_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Fluorescent_lamp_recycling" title="Talk:Fluorescent lamp recycling">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fluorescent lamp recycling</b> is the recovery of the materials of a spent <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">fluorescent lamp</a> for the manufacture of new products. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glass tubing can be turned into new glass articles, brass and aluminum in end caps can be reused, the internal coating can be reprocessed for use in paint pigments, and the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> contained in the lamp can be reclaimed and used in new lamps.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, about 620 million fluorescent lamps are discarded annually; proper recycling of a lamp prevents the emission of mercury into the environment and is required by most states for commercial facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-620_million_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-620_million-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary advantage of recycling is diversion of mercury from landfill sites, but the actual scrap value of the materials salvaged from a discarded lamp is often insufficient to offset the cost of recycling.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mercury_in_lamps">Mercury in lamps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mercury in lamps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The amount of mercury in a fluorescent lamp varies from 3 to 46 mg, depending on lamp size and age.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newer lamps contain less mercury and the 3–4 mg versions are sold as low-mercury types. A typical 2006-era 4 ft (122 cm) T-12 fluorescent lamp (i.e. F34T12) contains about 5 <a href="/wiki/Milligrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligrams">milligrams</a> of mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2007, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association in the US announced that "Under the voluntary commitment, effective April 15, 2007, participating manufacturers will cap the total mercury content in CFLs under 25 watts at 5 milligrams (mg) per unit. CFLs that use 25 to 40 watts of electricity will have total mercury content capped at 6 mg per unit."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only a few tenths of a milligram of mercury are required to maintain the vapor, but lamps must include more mercury to compensate for the mercury absorbed by internal parts of the lamp, which is no longer available to maintain the arc. Manufacturing processes have been improved to reduce the handling of liquid mercury during manufacture and to improve accuracy of mercury dosing.<sup id="cite_ref-KaneSell_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneSell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 194">: 194 </span></sup> </p><p>Mercury-free discharge lamps have considerably lower production of visible light, reduced to about half; thus, mercury remains an essential component of efficient fluorescent lamps. <sup id="cite_ref-KaneSell_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneSell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 192">: 192 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broken_lamps">Broken lamps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Broken lamps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A broken fluorescent tube will release its mercury content. Safe cleanup of broken fluorescent bulbs differs from cleanup of conventional broken glass or incandescent bulbs, avoiding the use of vacuum cleaners, in favour of sticky tape to recover small particles, and ensuring that fans and air conditioning are turned off.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 99% of the mercury is typically contained in the <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">phosphor</a>, especially on lamps that are near their end of life.<sup id="cite_ref-chem.unep.ch_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chem.unep.ch-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phosphors">Phosphors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phosphors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lamps made up to the 1940s used toxic <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a> compounds, which were implicated in the deaths of factory workers.<sup id="cite_ref-RosMark_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RosMark-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Chapter 7">: Chapter 7 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today it is very unlikely that one would encounter any such lamps.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other toxic elements such as <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a> were formerly used in phosphor manufacture. Modern <a href="/wiki/Halophosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophosphate">halophosphate</a> phosphors resemble the chemistry of <a href="/wiki/Tooth_enamel" title="Tooth enamel">tooth enamel</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Whys is this relevant? (June 2017)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rare-earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare-earth">rare-earth</a> doped phosphors are not known to be harmful.<sup id="cite_ref-KaneSell_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KaneSell-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 195">: 195 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mercury_containment">Mercury containment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mercury containment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a modern fluorescent tube is discarded, the main concern is the mercury, which is a significant toxic pollutant. One way to avoid releasing mercury into the environment is to combine it with <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Mercury_sulfide" title="Mercury sulfide">mercury sulfide</a>, which will prevent vapor release and is insoluble in water. One advantage of sulfur is its low cost. The reaction is shown with the equation: </p><p>Hg + S → HgS </p><p>The easiest way to combine sulfur and mercury is to cover a group of fluorescent tubes with sulfur dust (sometimes called "<a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_sulfur" title="Flowers of sulfur">flowers of sulfur</a>") and to break the tubes; when the glass fragments are put into a bag to continue with the reaction, the mercury will combine with sulfur without any other action. The glass can be recycled where an appropriate facility exists. A quantity of 25 kilograms (55 lb) of dust sulfur is enough for 1000 tubes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disposal_methods">Disposal methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disposal methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The disposal of phosphor and mercury toxins from spent tubes can be an <a href="/wiki/Environmental_hazard" title="Environmental hazard">environmental hazard</a>. Governmental regulations in many areas require special disposal of fluorescent lamps separate from general and household wastes. For large commercial or industrial users of fluorescent lights, recycling services are available in many nations, and may be required by regulation. In some areas, recycling is also available to consumers. </p><p>Spent fluorescent lamps are typically packaged prior to transport to a recycling facility in one of three ways: boxed for bulk pickup, by using a prepaid lamp recycling box, or crushed onsite before pickup. A fluorescent lamp crusher can attach directly to a disposal drum and isolate the dust and mercury vapor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In some states, drum-top crushers and end-user crushing of lamps are not allowed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The reason for this is unclear. (June 2015)">why?</span></a></i>]</sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/hazardous/topics/drumtop.pdf">Minnesota Department of Health Drum Top Bulb Crusher Demonstration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627042411/http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/hazardous/topics/drumtop.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-06-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Disposal methods are regulated at both the state and federal level. </p><p>Proper recycling of fluorescent lamps can reduce risk of human exposure to mercury. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Fluorescent Lamp Stewardship Initiative</i>, Alberta Environment, 2000, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7785-1730-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7785-1730-6">0-7785-1730-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-620_million-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-620_million_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/research/mercury-bulbs.pdf">Release of Mercury from Broken Fluorescent Bulbs</a>, State of New Jersey Division of Science Research and Technology, Feb. 2004, pg. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberta Environment</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page 183 of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304074611/http://www.chem.unep.ch/MERCURY/Toolkit/UNEP-final-pilot-draft-toolkit-Dec05.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unep.ch/MERCURY/Toolkit/UNEP-final-pilot-draft-toolkit-Dec05.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.unep.ch%2FMERCURY%2FToolkit%2FUNEP-final-pilot-draft-toolkit-Dec05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514234219/http://lightingdesignlab.com/articles/mercury_in_fl/mercurycfl.htm">"Lighting Design Lab Articles - Mercury in Fluorescent Lamps"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lightingdesignlab.com/articles/mercury_in_fl/mercurycfl.htm">the original</a> on May 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lighting+Design+Lab+Articles+-+Mercury+in+Fluorescent+Lamps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flightingdesignlab.com%2Farticles%2Fmercury_in_fl%2Fmercurycfl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514172433/http://www.nema.org/gov/ehs/committees/lamps/cfl-mercury.cfm">"NEMA Voluntary Commitment on Mercury in CFLs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nema.org/gov/ehs/committees/lamps/cfl-mercury.cfm">the original</a> on May 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEMA+Voluntary+Commitment+on+Mercury+in+CFLs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nema.org%2Fgov%2Fehs%2Fcommittees%2Flamps%2Fcfl-mercury.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KaneSell-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KaneSell_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KaneSell_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KaneSell_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaneSell2001" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Raymond; Sell, Heinz [editors] (2001). <i>Revolution in lamps: a chronicle of 50 years of progress</i> (2nd ed.). Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88173-378-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88173-378-4"><bdi>0-88173-378-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+lamps%3A+a+chronicle+of+50+years+of+progress&rft.place=Lilburn%2C+GA&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Fairmont+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-88173-378-4&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=Sell%2C+Heinz+%5Beditors%5D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEPA2013" class="citation web cs1">EPA (22 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/cfl/cleaning-broken-cfl">"Cleaning Up a Broken CFL"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleaning+Up+a+Broken+CFL&rft.date=2013-01-22&rft.au=EPA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fcfl%2Fcleaning-broken-cfl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7172662.stm">"Low-energy bulb disposal warning"</a>. 5 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Low-energy+bulb+disposal+warning&rft.date=2008-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2F7172662.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chem.unep.ch-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chem.unep.ch_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Floyd, et al. (2002), quoted on page 184 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unep.ch/MERCURY/Toolkit/UNEP-final-pilot-draft-toolkit-Dec05.pdf">Toolkit for identification and quantification of mercury releases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304074611/http://www.chem.unep.ch/MERCURY/Toolkit/UNEP-final-pilot-draft-toolkit-Dec05.pdf">Archived</a> March 4, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RosMark-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RosMark_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosnerMarkowitz1987" class="citation book cs1">Rosner, David; Markowitz, Gerald [editors] (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dyingforworkwork00rosn"><i>Dying for work: workers' safety and health in twentieth-century America</i></a></span> ([1. Dr]. ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31825-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-31825-4"><bdi>0-253-31825-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dying+for+work%3A+workers%27+safety+and+health+in+twentieth-century+America&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.edition=%5B1.+Dr%5D.&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-253-31825-4&rft.aulast=Rosner&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Markowitz%2C+Gerald+%5Beditors%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdyingforworkwork00rosn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFluorescent+lamp+recycling" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/classes/jaeger/beryllium.htm">Beryllium toxicity and fluorescent lamp manufacture, retrieved June 7, 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091003114144/http://www.nyu.edu/classes/jaeger/beryllium.htm">Archived</a> October 3, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Electric <i>Fluorescent Lamps TP 111R</i>, Dec. 1978, says on pg. 23 that <i>since 1949 GE lamps used relatively inert phosphates found to be safe in ordinary handling of either the intact or broken lamp.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorescent_lamp_recycling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216155822/http://nema.org/gov/env_conscious_design/lamps/upload/Recycling_Household_CFLs.pdf">NEMA paper on recycling household compact fluorescent lamps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamprecycle.org/">LampRecycle.org</a> Information and directory from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://almr.org/">ALMR.org</a> Association website for the Association of Lighting and Mercury Recyclers (ALMR)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/waste/hazard/wastetypes/universal/lamps/index.htm">EPA.gov</a> Mercury-containing Light Bulb (Lamp) Recycling</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://midwestlamprecycling.com/recycling-handbook/fluorescent-light-bulb-recycling">Midwest Lamp Recycling</a> Quick tips for Light Bulb (Lamp) Recycling</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recycling" title="Template:Recycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recycling" title="Template talk:Recycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recycling_by_material" title="Recycling by material">Materials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_recycling" title="Aluminium recycling">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete#Recycling" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_recycling" title="Concrete recycling">Concrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Recycling" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_recycling" title="Cotton recycling">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recycling" title="Energy recycling">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum_recycling" title="Gypsum recycling">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_grease" title="Yellow grease">Cooking oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Water</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recycling_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/75px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/113px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Recycling_symbol.svg/150px-Recycling_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recycling_by_product" title="Recycling by product">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">Appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_oil_recycling" title="Automotive oil recycling">Automotive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_recycling" title="Bottle recycling">Bottles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_recycling" title="Drug recycling">Drugs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fluorescent lamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_recycling" title="Paint recycling">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_disposal" title="Ship disposal">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_recycling" title="Vehicle recycling">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_bin" title="Recycling bin">Bins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_bag" title="Blue bag">Blue bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_box_recycling_system" title="Blue box recycling system">Blue boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_codes" title="Recycling codes">Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerbside_collection" title="Kerbside collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Materials recovery facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_rates_by_country" title="Recycling rates by country">Rate by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Australia" title="Recycling in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Brazil" title="Recycling in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Canada" title="Recycling in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Recycling in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Israel" title="Recycling in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Japan" title="Recycling in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Malaysia" title="Recycling in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Mongolia" title="Recycling in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Recycling in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland#Recycling" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Taiwan" title="Recycling in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Recycling in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Recycling in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_in_the_United_States" title="Recycling in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dematerialization_(products)" title="Dematerialization (products)">Dematerialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metabolism" title="Industrial metabolism">Industrial metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">Interchangeable parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_recycling" title="Land recycling">Land recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_flow_analysis" title="Material flow analysis">Material flow analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precycling" title="Precycling">Precycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrient_cycle" title="Nutrient cycle">Recycling (ecological)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refill_(campaign)" title="Refill (campaign)">Refill (campaign)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repairability" title="Repairability">Repairability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_bottles" title="Reuse of bottles">Reuse of bottles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling_symbol" title="Recycling symbol">Symbol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Dot_(symbol)" title="Green Dot (symbol)">Green Dot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Urban lumberjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishcycling" title="Wishcycling">Wishcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_cutting" title="Bottle cutting">Bottle cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">Cogeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container-deposit_legislation" title="Container-deposit legislation">Container-deposit legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumpster_diving" title="Dumpster diving">Dumpster diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_crafts" title="Pallet crafts">Pallet crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_vending_machine" title="Reverse vending machine">Reverse vending machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste management law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">Water recycling shower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling" title="Category:Recycling">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_country" title="Category:Recycling by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_material" title="Category:Recycling by material">by material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_by_product" title="Category:Recycling by product">by product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recycling_organizations" title="Category:Recycling organizations">organizations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_recycling_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of recycling articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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