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Sub-divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sub-divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Government and administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 General sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Karnataka</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 127 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" > 127 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%A8" title="ካርናተከ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርናተከ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%83" title="كرناتك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرناتك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="কৰ্ণাটক – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কৰ্ণাটক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کارناتاکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارناتاکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="কর্ণাটক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্ণাটক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁར་ན་ཀྲ་ཁཱ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁར་ན་ཀྲ་ཁཱ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Karn%C4%81taka" title="State of Karnātaka – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Karnātaka" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karn%C3%A1taka" title="Karnátaka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karnátaka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A7" title="ކަރްނާޓަކާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަރްނާޓަކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Καρνάτακα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρνάτακα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnatako" title="Karnatako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karnatako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%87" title="کرناتکه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرناتکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karn%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Karnāṭaka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karnāṭaka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="કર્ણાટક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કર્ણાટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%ED%83%80%EC%B9%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="카르나타카주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카르나타카주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Կառնատակա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կառնատակա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%95" title="কর্ণাটক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কর্ণাটক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Карнатакæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Карнатакæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%94" title="קרנאטקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרנאטקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კარნატაკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარნატაკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%B9%D9%8E%DA%A9" title="کَرناٹَک – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کَرناٹَک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatica" title="Carnatica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carnatica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karn%C4%81taka" title="Karnātaka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karnātaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karn%C3%A1taka" title="Karnátaka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karnátaka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95" title="കർണാടക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കർണാടക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კარნატაკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კარნატაკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="كارناتاكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارناتاكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کارناتاکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کارناتاکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%8B%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ကရဏာဋကပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကရဏာဋကပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka_(deelstaat)" title="Karnataka (deelstaat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karnataka (deelstaat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95" title="कर्नाटक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कर्नाटक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="カルナータカ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カルナータカ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%95" title="କର୍ଣ୍ଣାଟକ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କର୍ଣ୍ଣାଟକ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95" title="ਕਰਨਾਟਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਰਨਾਟਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%B9%DA%A9" title="کرناٹک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرناٹک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%DA%A9" title="کرناټک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کرناټک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnataca" title="Carnataca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carnataca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="कर्णाटकराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कर्णाटकराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BD%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="ڪرناٽڪا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪرناٽڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karn%C3%A1taka" title="Karnátaka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karnátaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="کارناتاکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارناتاکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கருநாடகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருநாடகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%95" title="కర్ణాటక – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కర్ణాటక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0" title="รัฐกรณาฏกะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐกรณาฏกะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Карнатака (Ҳиндустон) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карнатака (Ҳиндустон)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Карнатака – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карнатака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%B9%DA%A9" title="کرناٹک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرناٹک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E9%82%A6" title="卡纳塔克邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡纳塔克邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90" title="קארנאטאקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארנאטאקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%8D%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E9%82%A6" title="卡納塔克邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡納塔克邦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E9%82%A6" title="卡纳塔克邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡纳塔克邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Karnataka" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1185#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="View the content page [c]" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karnataka&params=12.97_N_77.5_E_region:IN-KA_type:adm1st_dim:500000">12°58′N 77°30′E / 12.97°N 77.50°E / 12.97; 77.50</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in southern India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Karnataka (disambiguation)">Karnataka (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in South India, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Karnataka</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of Karnataka</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:275px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg/275px-UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg/413px-UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg/550px-UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="451" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples,_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples%2C_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg/137px-7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples%2C_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples%2C_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg/206px-7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples%2C_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples%2C_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg/274px-7th_-_9th_century_Hindu_and_Jain_temples%2C_Pattadakal_monuments_Karnataka_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4017" data-file-height="3012" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg/137px-Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg/206px-Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg/274px-Shravanabelagola_Bahubali_wideframe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4503" data-file-height="3376" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg/137px-GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg/206px-GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg/274px-GolGumbaz2_altered.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1957" data-file-height="1483" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:DGTF2318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DGTF2318.jpg/137px-DGTF2318.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DGTF2318.jpg/206px-DGTF2318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/DGTF2318.jpg/274px-DGTF2318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg/137px-Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg/206px-Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg/274px-Gateway_to_Bidar_fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="668" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg/137px-Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg/206px-Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg/274px-Gopura_at_Murdeshwar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg/275px-Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg/413px-Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg/550px-Hampi_virupaksha_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="1225" /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">From top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gommateshwara_statue" title="Gommateshwara statue">Gommateshwara statue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gol_Gumbaz" title="Gol Gumbaz">Gol Gumbaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivanasamudra_Falls" title="Shivanasamudra Falls">Shivanasamudra Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidar_Fort" title="Bidar Fort">Bidar Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopura" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopura">Gopura</a> at <a href="/wiki/Murdeshwar" title="Murdeshwar">Murdeshwar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virupaksha_Temple,_Hampi" title="Virupaksha Temple, Hampi">Virupaksha Temple, Hampi</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Karnataka.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Karnataka"><img alt="Official emblem of Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_Karnataka.svg/125px-Seal_of_Karnataka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_Karnataka.svg/188px-Seal_of_Karnataka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_Karnataka.svg/250px-Seal_of_Karnataka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="639" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: Land of <a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">Kannadigas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"IT Capital of India"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a> (Truth alone triumphs)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Anthem:</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bhārata Jananiya Tanujāte, Jaya Hē Karnāṭaka Māte</a><a href="#cite_note-anthem-1">[1]</a> (Victory to You Mother Karnataka, Daughter of Mother India)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-KA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Karnataka in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/IN-KA.svg/300px-IN-KA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/IN-KA.svg/450px-IN-KA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/IN-KA.svg/600px-IN-KA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Karnataka in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karnataka&params=12.97_N_77.5_E_region:IN-KA_type:adm1st_dim:500000">12°58′N 77°30′E / 12.97°N 77.50°E / 12.97; 77.50</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a></td></tr><tr class="[[Mysore State]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Formation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 November 1956</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">and largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Largest metro</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">31 (4 divisions)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Karnataka" title="List of governors of Karnataka">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thawar_Chand_Gehlot" title="Thawar Chand Gehlot">Thawar Chand Gehlot</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Karnataka" title="List of chief ministers of Karnataka">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siddaramaiah" title="Siddaramaiah">Siddaramaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_chief_ministers_of_Karnataka" title="List of deputy chief ministers of Karnataka">Deputy chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D._K._Shivakumar" title="D. K. Shivakumar">D. K. Shivakumar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajneesh Goel (IAS)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bicameral</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Council" title="Karnataka Legislative Council">Karnataka Legislative Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Council" title="Karnataka Legislative Council">75 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">Karnataka Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">224 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Karnataka" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">12 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Karnataka" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">28 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_High_Court" title="Karnataka High Court">Karnataka High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">191,791 km2 (74,051 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">6th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">400 km (200 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">750 km (470 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">460 m (1,510 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Mullayyana Giri</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,925 m (6,316 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">−1 m (−3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-popu-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 61,130,704</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">8th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">320/km2 (800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">38.67%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">61.33%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kannadiga (gender neutral) Kannadati (feminine)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada script</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-GSDP-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-NSDP-11">[11]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023–24)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>25.01 trillion (US$290 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>332,926 (US$3,800) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-KA</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">KA</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2024)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.752 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>High<a href="#cite_note-snhdi-gdl-12">[12]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">15th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2011)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 75.36%<a href="#cite_note-pc-census2011-13">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">23rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2011)</th><td class="infobox-data">973<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karnataka.gov.in">www.karnataka.gov.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Karnataka</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Karnataka.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_Karnataka.svg/80px-Seal_of_Karnataka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_Karnataka.svg/120px-Seal_of_Karnataka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Seal_of_Karnataka.svg/160px-Seal_of_Karnataka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="639" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bhārata Jananiya Tanujāte, Jaya Hē Karnāṭaka Māte</a><a href="#cite_note-anthem-1">[1]</a> (Victory to You Mother Karnataka, Daughter of Mother India)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Foundation day</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Formation_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka Formation Day">Karnataka Formation Day</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a><a href="#cite_note-handbook2015-14">[14]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway mark</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:SH_IN-KA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SH_IN-KA.png/90px-SH_IN-KA.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SH_IN-KA.png/135px-SH_IN-KA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SH_IN-KA.png/180px-SH_IN-KA.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2048" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway of Karnataka <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Karnataka" title="List of state highways in Karnataka">KA SH1 - KA SH188</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Karnataka (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kərˈnɑːtəkə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">kər-NAH-tə-kə</a>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Karnāṭaka, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Kannada: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kɐɾˈnaːʈɐkɐ]</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> in the southwestern region of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It was <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">formed</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a> on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act,_1956" title="States Reorganisation Act, 1956">States Reorganisation Act</a>, and renamed Karnataka in 1973. The state is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshadweep Sea">Lakshadweep Sea</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> to the southeast, and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> to the southwest. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">eighth-largest state by population</a>, comprising 31 <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">districts</a>. With 15,257,000 residents, the state capital <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> is the largest city of Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The economy of Karnataka is amongst the most productive in the country with a <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state domestic product">gross state domestic product</a> (GSDP) of ₹25.01 trillion (US$290 billion) and a per capita GSDP of ₹332,926 (US$3,800) for the financial year 2023–24.<a href="#cite_note-GSDP-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-NSDP-11">[11]</a> The state experience a GSDP growth of 10.2% for the same fiscal year.<a href="#cite_note-GSDP-10">[10]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubli%E2%80%93Dharwad" title="Hubli–Dharwad">Hubli–Dharwad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Belgaum_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgaum district">Belagavi</a> districts contribute the highest revenue to the state respectively. The capital of the state, Bengaluru, is known as the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley of India">Silicon Valley of India</a>, for its immense contributions to the country's information technology sector. A total of 1,973 companies in the state were found to have been involved in the IT sector as of 2007.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Karnataka is the only southern state to have land borders with all of the other four southern Indian sister states. The state covers an area of 191,791 km2 (74,051 sq mi), or 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of India.<a href="#cite_note-:3-17">[17]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">sixth-largest Indian state by area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India#Classical_languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">classical languages of India</a>, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. Other minority languages spoken include <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beary" title="Beary">Beary</a>. Karnataka also contains some of the only <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_revival#Sanskrit_villages" title="Sanskrit revival">villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Though <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Karnataka" title="Etymology of Karnataka">several etymologies</a> have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and nādu, meaning "elevated land". Karu Nadu may also be read as karu, meaning "black" and nadu, meaning "region", as a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Vertisol" title="Vertisol">black cotton soil</a> found in the <a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a> region of the state. The <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> used the word <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_region" title="Carnatic region">Carnatic</a>, sometimes Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">the Krishna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> With an antiquity that dates to the <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">paleolithic</a>, Karnataka has been home to some of the most powerful <a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_medieval_Karnataka" title="Political history of medieval Karnataka">empires of ancient and medieval India</a>. The philosophers and musical bards patronised by these empires launched socio-religious and literary movements which have endured to the present day. Karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music, the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani</a> traditions. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Karnataka" title="Etymology of Karnataka">Etymology of Karnataka</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History of Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_medieval_Karnataka" title="Political history of medieval Karnataka">Political history of medieval Karnataka</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Karnataka" title="Timeline of Karnataka">Timeline of Karnataka</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of brown cone-topped temple ruins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg/220px-Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg/330px-Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg/440px-Mallikarjuna_and_Kasivisvanatha_temples_at_Pattadakal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Mallikarjuna temple and Kashi Vishwanatha temple at <a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a>, built successively by the kings of the <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalukya Empire">Chalukya Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta Empire</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</figcaption></figure> Karnataka's pre-history goes back to a <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">paleolithic</a> hand-axe culture evidenced by discoveries of, among other things, <a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">hand axes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleaver (tool)">cleavers</a> in the region.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Evidence of <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">megalithic</a> cultures have also been found in the state. Gold discovered in <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a> was found to be imported from mines in Karnataka, prompting scholars to hypothesise about contacts between ancient Karnataka and the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3300 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Prior to the third century BCE, most of Karnataka formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan empire">Mauryan empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ashoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Ashoka">Emperor Ashoka</a>. Four centuries of <a href="/wiki/Satavahana_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana Dynasty">Satavahana</a> rule followed, allowing them to control large areas of Karnataka. The decline of Satavahana power led to the rise of the earliest native kingdoms, the <a href="/wiki/Kadambas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadambas">Kadambas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Gangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Gangas">Western Gangas</a>, marking the region's emergence as an independent political entity. The <a href="/wiki/Kadamba_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadamba Dynasty">Kadamba Dynasty</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a>, had its capital at <a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a>;<a href="#cite_note-origin-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-origin1-26">[26]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Ganga Dynasty">Western Ganga Dynasty</a> was formed with <a href="/wiki/Talakad" class="mw-redirect" title="Talakad">Talakad</a> as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-gan-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-gan1-28">[28]</a> These were also the first kingdoms to use <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> in administration, as evidenced by the <a href="/wiki/Halmidi_inscription" title="Halmidi inscription">Halmidi inscription</a> and a fifth-century copper coin discovered at Banavasi.<a href="#cite_note-first-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-hal-30">[30]</a> These dynasties were followed by imperial Kannada empires such as the <a href="/wiki/Badami_Chalukyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Badami Chalukyas">Badami Chalukyas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cha-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-cha1-32">[32]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta Dynasty">Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta</a><a href="#cite_note-rash-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-rash1-34">[34]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Western Chalukya Empire</a>,<a href="#cite_note-west-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-west1-36">[36]</a> which ruled over large parts of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a> and had their capitals in what is now Karnataka. The Western Chalukyas patronised a unique style of <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chalukya Architecture">architecture</a> and Kannada <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Chalukya literature">literature</a> which became a precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala">Hoysala</a> art of the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-unique-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-flow-38">[38]</a> Parts of modern-day Southern Karnataka (Gangavadi) were occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola Empire</a> at the turn of the 11th century.<a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_South_India-39">[39]</a> The Cholas and the Hoysalas fought over the region in the early 12th century before it eventually came under Hoysala rule.<a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_South_India-39">[39]</a> At the turn of the first millennium, the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysalas</a> gained power in the region. <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Literature</a> flourished during this time, which led to the emergence of distinctive Kannada <a href="/wiki/Meter_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (music)">literary metres</a>, and the construction of temples and sculptures adhering to the <a href="/wiki/Vesara" title="Vesara">Vesara</a> style of architecture.<a href="#cite_note-sang1-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-sang-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-chenna-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-chenna1-43">[43]</a> The expansion of the Hoysala Empire brought minor parts of modern <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> under its rule. In the early 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Harihara_I" title="Harihara I">Harihara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bukka_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukka Raya">Bukka Raya</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagara empire">Vijayanagara empire</a> with its capital, Hosapattana (later named <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a>), on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the modern Bellary district. Under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Krishnadevaraya" title="Krishnadevaraya">Krishnadevaraya</a>, a distinct form of <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature" title="Vijayanagara literature">literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_architecture" title="Vijayanagara architecture">architecture</a> evolved.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The empire rose as a bulwark against Muslim advances into South India, which it completely controlled for over two centuries.<a href="#cite_note-vij-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-vij1-47">[47]</a> In 1537, <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a>, a chieftain of the Vijayanagara Empire, widely held as the founder of modern Bengaluru, built a <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Fort" title="Bangalore Fort">fort</a> and established the area around it as <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Pete" title="Bengaluru Pete">Bengaluru Pete</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In 1565, Karnataka and the rest of South India experienced a major geopolitical shift when the Vijayanagara empire fell to a <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">confederation of Islamic sultanates</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota" title="Battle of Talikota">Battle of Talikota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bin-49">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur Sultanate">Bijapur Sultanate</a>, which had risen after the demise of the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani Sultanate</a> of Bidar, soon took control of much of the Deccan; it was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> in the late 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-conf-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-erst-51">[51]</a> The Bahmani and Bijapur rulers encouraged Urdu and Persian literature and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saracenic">Indo-Saracenic</a> architecture, the <a href="/wiki/Gol_Gumbaz" title="Gol Gumbaz">Gol Gumbaz</a> being one of the high points of this style.<a href="#cite_note-gol-52">[52]</a> During the sixteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkani</a> Hindus migrated to Karnataka, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Salcette" class="mw-redirect" title="Salcette">Salcette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-konk-53">[53]</a> while during the seventeenth and eighteenth century, <a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholics" title="Goan Catholics">Goan Catholics</a> migrated to <a href="/wiki/North_Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="North Canara">North Canara</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Canara" title="South Canara">South Canara</a>, especially from <a href="/wiki/Bardez" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardez">Bardes</a>, Goa, as a result of food shortages, epidemics and heavy taxation imposed by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In the period that followed, parts of northern Karnataka were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Maratha Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a>, and other powers.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In the south, the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Kingdom">Mysore Kingdom</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> of the Vijayanagara Empire, was briefly independent.<a href="#cite_note-ind-56">[56]</a> With the death of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar II">Krishnaraja Wodeyar II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haidar_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Haidar Ali">Haidar Ali</a>, the commander-in-chief of the Mysore army, gained control of the region. After his death, the kingdom was inherited by his son <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tip-57">[57]</a> To contain European expansion in South India, Haidar Ali and later Tipu Sultan fought four significant <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a>, the last of which resulted in Tippu Sultan's death and the incorporation of Mysore into <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">British India</a> in 1799.<a href="#cite_note-tip1-58">[58]</a> Mysore was restored to the Wodeyars, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> outside but in a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_alliance" title="Subsidiary alliance">subsidiary alliance</a> with <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tip-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnataka_declaration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Karnataka_declaration.jpg/220px-Karnataka_declaration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Karnataka_declaration.jpg/330px-Karnataka_declaration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/65/Karnataka_declaration.jpg/440px-Karnataka_declaration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="201" /></a><figcaption>Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/D._Devaraj_Urs" title="D. Devaraj Urs">Devaraj Urs</a> announcing the new name of the Mysore state as 'Karnataka'</figcaption></figure> As the "<a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_lapse" title="Doctrine of lapse">doctrine of lapse</a>" gave way to dissent and resistance from princely states across the country, <a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a>, Queen of <a href="/wiki/Kittur" title="Kittur">Kittur</a>, her military leader <a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a>, and others, spearheaded rebellions in part of what is now Karnataka in 1830, nearly three decades before the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>. However, Kitturu was taken over by the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> even before the doctrine was officially articulated by Lord Dalhousie in 1848.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Other uprisings followed, such as the ones at <a href="/wiki/Joida" title="Joida">Supa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagalkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagalkot">Bagalkot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shorapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorapur">Shorapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nargund" title="Nargund">Nargund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dandeli" title="Dandeli">Dandeli</a>. These rebellions—which coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>—were led by Mundargi Bhimarao, <a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Rao_Bhave" title="Bhaskar Rao Bhave">Bhaskar Rao Bhave</a>, the Halagali Bedas, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Venkatappa_Nayaka" title="Raja Venkatappa Nayaka">Raja Venkatappa Nayaka</a> and others. By the late 19th century, the independence movement had gained momentum; Karnad Sadashiva Rao, <a href="/wiki/Aluru_Venkata_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluru Venkata Raya">Aluru Venkata Raya</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._Nijalingappa" title="S. Nijalingappa">S. Nijalingappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kengal_Hanumanthaiah" title="Kengal Hanumanthaiah">Kengal Hanumanthaiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nittoor_Srinivasa_Rau" title="Nittoor Srinivasa Rau">Nittoor Srinivasa Rau</a> and others carried on the struggle into the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence of British India</a>, the Maharaja, <a href="/wiki/Jayachamarajendra_Wodeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar">Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar</a>, signed an <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_accession" class="mw-redirect" title="Instrument of accession">instrument of accession</a> to accede his state to the new India. In 1950, Mysore became an Indian state of the same name; the former Maharaja served as its Rajpramukh (head of state) until 1975. Following the long-standing demand of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Ekikarana Movement</a>, Kodagu- and Kannada-speaking regions from the adjoining states of Madras, Hyderabad and Bombay were incorporated into the Mysore state, under the <a href="/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="States Reorganisation Act">States Reorganisation Act</a> of 1956. The thus expanded state was renamed Karnataka, seventeen years later, on 1 November 1973.<a href="#cite_note-Unification-61">[61]</a> In the early 1900s through the post-independence era, industrial visionaries such as Sir <a href="/wiki/Mokshagundam_Visvesvarayya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya">Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya</a>, played an important role in the development of Karnataka's strong manufacturing and industrial base.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography of Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainfall_in_Karnataka" title="Rainfall in Karnataka">Rainfall in Karnataka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">List of beaches in Karnataka</a></div> The state has three principal geographical zones:<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wide photo of large waterfall in mist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg/220px-Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg/330px-Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg/440px-Jog_Falls_05092016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3899" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jog_Falls" title="Jog Falls">Jog Falls</a>, formed by Sharavathi River, are the second-highest plunge waterfalls in India.</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>The coastal region of <a href="/wiki/Karavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Karavali">Karavali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a></li> <li>The hilly <a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a> region comprising the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bayaluseeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayaluseeme">Bayaluseeme</a> region comprising the plains of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li></ol> The bulk of the state is in the <a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayaluseeme</a> region, the northern part of which is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> region in India.<a href="#cite_note-arid-64">[64]</a> The highest point in Karnataka is the <a href="/wiki/Mullayanagiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullayanagiri">Mullayanagiri</a> hills in <a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur district</a> which has an altitude of 1,925 m (6,316 ft). The two main river systems of the state are the <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna</a> and its tributaries, the <a href="/wiki/Bhima_River" title="Bhima River">Bhima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghataprabha_River" title="Ghataprabha River">Ghataprabha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vedavathi_River" title="Vedavathi River">Vedavathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaprabha_River" title="Malaprabha River">Malaprabha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tungabhadra_River" title="Tungabhadra River">Tungabhadra</a> in North Karnataka, and the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a> and its tributaries, the <a href="/wiki/Hemavati_River" title="Hemavati River">Hemavati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimsha" title="Shimsha">Shimsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkavati">Arkavati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana_Tirtha" title="Lakshmana Tirtha">Lakshmana Thirtha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kabini_River" title="Kabini River">Kabini</a>, in South Karnataka. Most of these rivers flow out of Karnataka eastward, reaching the sea at the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. Other prominent rivers such as the <a href="/wiki/Sharavati" title="Sharavati">Sharavati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shimoga" title="Shimoga">Shimoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netravati_River" title="Netravati River">Netravati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> flow westward to the <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakshadweep Sea">Lakshadweep Sea</a>. A large number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">dams and reservoirs</a> are constructed across these rivers which richly add to the <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a> power generation capacities of the state.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Karnataka consists of four main types of geological formations<a href="#cite_note-geology-67">[67]</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a> complex made up of <a href="/wiki/Dharwad" title="Dharwad">Dharwad</a> <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schists</a> and granitic <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneisses</a>,<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> non-fossiliferous sedimentary formations of the Kaladgi and Bhima series,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> the Deccan trappean and intertrappean deposits and the tertiary and recent <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterites</a> and alluvial deposits.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Laterite cappings that are found in many districts over the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Traps" title="Deccan Traps">Deccan Traps</a> were formed after the cessation of volcanic activity in the early tertiary period. Eleven groups of soil orders are found in Karnataka, viz. <a href="/wiki/Entisol" title="Entisol">Entisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inceptisol" title="Inceptisol">Inceptisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mollisol" title="Mollisol">Mollisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spodosol" class="mw-redirect" title="Spodosol">Spodosols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfisol" title="Alfisol">Alfisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultisol" title="Ultisol">Ultisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxisol" title="Oxisol">Oxisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aridisol" title="Aridisol">Aridisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertisol" title="Vertisol">Vertisols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andisol" title="Andisol">Andisols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Histosol" title="Histosol">Histosols</a>.<a href="#cite_note-geology-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-71">[71]</a> Depending on the agricultural capability of the soil, the soil types are divided into six types, <a href="/wiki/Viz." title="Viz.">viz.</a> red, <a href="/wiki/Lateritic_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateritic soil">lateritic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertisol" title="Vertisol">black</a>, alluvio-colluvial, forest and coastal soils.<a href="#cite_note-:1-71">[71]</a> About 38,284 km2 (14,782 sq mi) of Karnataka (i.e. 16% of the state's geographic area) is covered by forests.<a href="#cite_note-:2-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The forests are classified as reserved, protected, unclosed, village and private forests.<a href="#cite_note-:2-72">[72]</a> The percentage of forested area is slightly less than the all-India average of about 23%,<a href="#cite_note-:2-72">[72]</a> and significantly less than the 33% prescribed in the National Forest Policy.<a href="#cite_note-forest_area-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> Karnataka experiences four seasons. The winter in January and February is followed by summer between March and May, the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season between June and September and the post-monsoon season from October till December. <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Meteorologically</a>, Karnataka is divided into three zones – coastal, north interior and south interior. Of these, the coastal zone receives the heaviest rainfall with an average rainfall of about 3,638.5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in excess of the state average of 1,139 mm (45 in). <a href="/wiki/Amagaon" title="Amagaon">Amagaon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khanapur" title="Khanapur">Khanapura taluka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgaum_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgaum district">Belgaum district</a> received 10,068 mm (396 in) of rainfall in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 2014 Kokalli in <a href="/wiki/Sirsi,_Karnataka" title="Sirsi, Karnataka">Sirsi taluka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Uttara Kannada district">Uttara Kannada district</a> received 8,746 mm (344 in) of rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Agumbe" title="Agumbe">Agumbe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thirthahalli" title="Thirthahalli">Thirthahalli taluka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hulikal" title="Hulikal">Hulikal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hosanagara_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosanagara taluk">Hosanagara taluka</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga district</a> were the rainiest cities in Karnataka, situated in one of the wettest regions in the world.<a href="#cite_note-second-77">[77]</a> The state is projected to warm about 2.0 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> (4 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a>) by 2030. The monsoon is set to provide less rainfall. Agriculture in Karnataka is mostly rainfed as opposed to irrigated, making it highly vulnerable to expected changes in the monsoon.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The highest recorded temperature was 45.6 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> (114 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Raichur" title="Raichur">Raichuru district</a>. The lowest recorded temperature was 2.8 °C (37 °F) at <a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife of Karnataka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of olive-winged bird with sky-blue head/vest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg/170px-Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg/255px-Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg/340px-Coraciasbenghalensis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>The state bird, <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg/170px-Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg/255px-Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg/340px-Tigers_at_the_water_hole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tigers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bannerghatta_National_Park" title="Bannerghatta National Park">Bannerghatta National Park</a> near Bengaluru</figcaption></figure> Karnataka is home to a variety of wildlife. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km2 (14,950 sq mi) which constitutes 12.3% of the total geographical area of the state.<a href="#cite_note-forestdept-80">[80]</a> These forests support 25% of the <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a> and 10% of the <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tiger</a> population of India. Many regions of Karnataka are as yet unexplored, so new species of flora and fauna are found periodically. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspot</a>, includes the western region of Karnataka. The Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks were included in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation.<a href="#cite_note-unesco1-81">[81]</a> The Indian roller and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> are recognised as the state bird and animal while <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_(genus)" title="Lotus (genus)">lotus</a> are recognised as the state tree and flower respectively. Karnataka has five national parks: <a href="/wiki/Anshi_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshi National Park">Anshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandipur_National_Park" title="Bandipur National Park">Bandipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bannerghatta_National_Park" title="Bannerghatta National Park">Bannerghatta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh National Park">Kudremukh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagarhole_National_Park" title="Nagarhole National Park">Nagarhole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-book-82">[82]</a> It also has 27 wildlife sanctuaries of which seven are bird sanctuaries.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-forestdept-80">[80]</a> Wild animals that are found in Karnataka include the <a href="/wiki/Elephas_maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephas maximus">elephant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Panthera_tigris" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthera tigris">tiger</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Panthera_pardus" class="mw-redirect" title="Panthera pardus">leopard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bos_gaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bos gaurus">gaur</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cervus_unicolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervus unicolor">sambar deer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Axis_axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis axis">chital or spotted deer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muntiacus_muntjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Muntiacus muntjak">muntjac</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Macaca_radiata" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaca radiata">bonnet macaque</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Loris_tardigradus" class="mw-redirect" title="Loris tardigradus">slender loris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus_hermaphroditus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradoxurus hermaphroditus">common palm civet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Viverricula_indica" class="mw-redirect" title="Viverricula indica">small Indian civet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Melursus_ursinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Melursus ursinus">sloth bear</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cuon_alpinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuon alpinus">dhole</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena hyaena">striped hyena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vulpes_bengalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulpes bengalensis">Bengal fox</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canis_aureus" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis aureus">golden jackal</a>. Some of the birds found here are the <a href="/wiki/Great_hornbill" title="Great hornbill">great hornbill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_pied_hornbill" title="Malabar pied hornbill">Malabar pied hornbill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_frogmouth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon frogmouth">Ceylon frogmouth</a>, herons, ducks, kites, eagles, <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_World_quail" title="Old World quail">quails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partridge" title="Partridge">partridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lapwing" title="Lapwing">lapwings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandpiper" title="Sandpiper">sandpipers</a>, pigeons, doves, <a href="/wiki/Parakeet" title="Parakeet">parakeets</a>, cuckoos, owls, <a href="/wiki/Nightjar" title="Nightjar">nightjars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swift_(bird)" title="Swift (bird)">swifts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher" title="Kingfisher">kingfishers</a>, bee-eaters and <a href="/wiki/Munia" class="mw-redirect" title="Munia">munias</a>.<a href="#cite_note-book-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Some species of trees found in Karnataka are <a href="/wiki/Calophyllum_tomentosum" title="Calophyllum tomentosum">Calophyllum tomentosum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calophyllum_apetalum" title="Calophyllum apetalum">Calophyllum apetalum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garcinia_cambogia" class="mw-redirect" title="Garcinia cambogia">Garcinia cambogia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garcinia_morella" title="Garcinia morella">Garcinia morella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alstonia_scholaris" title="Alstonia scholaris">Alstonia scholaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flacourtia_montana" title="Flacourtia montana">Flacourtia montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artocarpus_hirsutus" title="Artocarpus hirsutus">Artocarpus hirsutus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artocarpus_lacucha" title="Artocarpus lacucha">Artocarpus lacucha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_zeylanicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum zeylanicum">Cinnamomum zeylanicum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grewia_tiliifolia" title="Grewia tiliifolia">Grewia tiliifolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Santalum album</a>, Shorea talura, <a href="/wiki/Emblica_officinalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblica officinalis">Emblica officinalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitex_altissima" title="Vitex altissima">Vitex altissima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrightia_tinctoria" title="Wrightia tinctoria">Wrightia tinctoria</a>. Wildlife in Karnataka is threatened by <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93wildlife_conflict" title="Human–wildlife conflict">human-wildlife conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-book-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sub-divisions">Sub-divisions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png/220px-Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png/330px-Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png/440px-Political_map_of_Indian_state_of_Karnataka.png 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Political map of Indian state of Karnataka with the official names of its 31 districts.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">List of districts of Karnataka</a></div> There are 31 districts in Karnataka. Each district (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">zila</a>) is governed by a district commissioner (ziladar). The districts are further divided into sub-districts (<a href="/wiki/Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Taluka">talukas</a>), which are governed by sub-commissioners (talukdars); sub-divisions comprise blocks (<a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsils</a>/hobli), which are governed by block development officers (tehsildars), which contain village councils (<a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayats</a>), town municipal councils (purasabhe), city municipal councils (nagarasabhe), and city municipal corporations (mahanagara palike). <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sl. no. </th> <th>Divisions </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Sl. no. </th> <th>Districts </th> <th>Capital </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" style="text-align: center">1 </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Kitturu_Karnataka_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitturu Karnataka Division">Kitturu Karnataka</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagalkot">Bagalkot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belgaum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharwad" title="Dharwad">Dharwad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadag-Betageri" title="Gadag-Betageri">Gadag-Betageri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haveri" title="Haveri">Haveri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijapur" title="Bijapur">Bijapur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" style="text-align: center">2 </td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore</a> </td> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center">8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapur" title="Chikkaballapur">Chikkaballapur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga" title="Chitradurga">Chitradurga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davanagere" title="Davanagere">Davanagere</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kolar,_Karnataka" title="Kolar, Karnataka">Kolar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara" title="Ramanagara">Ramanagara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimoga" title="Shimoga">Shimoga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" style="text-align: center">3 </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalyana Karnataka</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi" title="Kalaburagi">Kalabuargi</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center">17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellary_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellary district">Bellary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellary">Bellary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bidar" title="Bidar">Bidar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulbarga_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulbarga district">Kalabuargi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi" title="Kalaburagi">Kalabuargi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koppal" title="Koppal">Koppal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raichur" title="Raichur">Raichur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadagiri</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yadgir" title="Yadgir">Yadagiri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hospet" title="Hospet">Hospet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8" style="text-align: center">4 </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center">24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagara</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar" title="Chamarajanagar">Chamarajanagar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur" title="Chikmagalur">Chikmagalur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassan,_Karnataka" title="Hassan, Karnataka">Hassan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madikeri" title="Madikeri">Madikeri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mandya" title="Mandya">Mandya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demographics of Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>District </th> <th>City </th> <th>Population (2011) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban">Bangalore Urban</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> </td> <td>10,456,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hubballi%E2%80%93Dharwad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubballi–Dharwad">Hubballi–Dharwad</a> </td> <td>943,857 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> </td> <td>920,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> </td> <td>610,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi" title="Kalaburagi">Kalaburagi</a> </td> <td>543,147 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina Kannada district">Dakshina Kannada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> </td> <td>484,785 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davanagere" title="Davanagere">Davanagere</a> </td> <td>435,128 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellary_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellary district">Bellary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellary">Bellary</a> </td> <td>409,444 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bijapur" title="Bijapur">Bijapur</a> </td> <td>330,143 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimoga" title="Shimoga">Shimoga</a> </td> <td>322,650 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a> </td> <td>305,821 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2011 census of India,<a href="#cite_note-LiteracyandSexCensus-86">[86]</a> the total population of Karnataka was 61,095,297 of which 30,966,657 (50.7%) were male and 30,128,640 (49.3%) were female, or 1000 males for every 973 females. This represents a 15.60% increase over the population in 2001. The population density was 319 per km2 and 38.67% of the people lived in urban areas. The literacy rate was 75.36% with 82.47% of males and 68.08% of females being literate.<a href="#cite_note-LiteracyandSexCensus-86">[86]</a> In 2007 the state had a birth rate of 2.2%, a death rate of 0.7%, an infant mortality rate of 5.5% and a maternal mortality rate of 0.2%. The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> was 2.2.<a href="#cite_note-health-87">[87]</a> Karnataka's private sector speciality health care competes with the best in the world.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-healthcare-89">[89]</a> Karnataka has also established a modicum of public health services having a better record of health care and child care than most other states of India. In spite of these advances, some parts of the state still suffer from the lack of primary health care.<a href="#cite_note-childcare-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Karnataka" title="Religion in Karnataka">Religion in Karnataka</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1265750715">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}.mw-parser-output :not(.mw-parser-output):not(.documentation)>.tfd-dedup~.tfd-dedup,.mw-parser-output :not(.mw-parser-output):not(.documentation)>.tfd-dedup~* .tfd-dedup{display:none}</style><div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks tfd tfd-dated tfd-sidebar tfd-dedup">‹ The <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Pie_chart" title="Template:Pie chart">Pie chart</a> is being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2025_January_30#Template:Pie_chart" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 January 30">considered for merging</a>. ›</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6120.7994126577px; border-left-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5683.5186676955px; border-left-color:DarkKhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkKhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkKhaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4822.185893197px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3247.0337446431px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1312.7949130611px; border-left-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 510.26992795778px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.461929754415px; border-left-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Karnataka (2011)<a href="#cite_note-census2011-91">[91]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (84.00%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (12.92%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (1.87%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> (0.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (0.05%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (0.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Not religious (0.27%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg/170px-Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg/255px-Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg/340px-Vishnu_image_inside_cave_number_3_in_Badami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> image inside the <a href="/wiki/Badami_cave_temples" title="Badami cave temples">Badami Cave Temple Complex</a> number 3. The complex is an example of <a href="/wiki/Indian_rock-cut_architecture" title="Indian rock-cut architecture">Indian rock-cut architecture</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gomateswara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Giant grey stone statue of nude man with vines climbing legs to his arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gomateswara.jpg/170px-Gomateswara.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gomateswara.jpg/255px-Gomateswara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gomateswara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bahubali" title="Bahubali">Gomateswara</a> (982–983) at <a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a> is an important centre of <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> pilgrimage.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Shankaracharya">Adi Shankara</a> (788–820 CE) chose <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a> in Karnataka to establish the first of his four <a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">mathas</a> (monastery). <a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a> (1238–1317) was the chief proponent of <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Tattvavada</a> (philosophy of reality), popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a> or Dualistic school of Hindu philosophy – one of the three most influential <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> philosophies. Madhvacharya was one of the important philosophers during the <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_movement" title="Bhakti movement">Bhakti movement</a>. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvacharya is believed to be the third incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a> (Mukhyaprana), after <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhima" title="Bhima">Bhima</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a> devotional movement is considered one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and mystics helped shape the culture, philosophy, and art of South India and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas (literally "servants of Hari") and took shape in the 13th century – 14th century CE, period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main objective of this movement was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (Madhva Siddhanta) to the masses through a literary medium known as <a href="/wiki/Dasa_Sahitya" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasa Sahitya">Dasa Sahitya</a>. <a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara dasa</a> is widely recognised as the "Pithamaha" of <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Music">Carnatic Music</a> for his immense contribution. <a href="/wiki/Ramanujacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanujacharya">Ramanuja</a>, the leading expounder of <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, spent many years in <a href="/wiki/Melkote" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkote">Melkote</a>. He came to Karnataka in 1098 CE and lived here until 1122 CE. He first lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote where the <a href="/wiki/Cheluvanarayana_Swamy_Temple" title="Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple">Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple</a> and a well-organised matha were built. He was patronised by the Hoysala king, <a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kamath-92">[92]</a> In the twelfth century, <a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a> emerged in northern Karnataka as a protest against the rigidity of the prevailing social and caste system. Leading figures of this movement were <a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a>, who established the <a href="/wiki/Anubhava_Mantapa" title="Anubhava Mantapa">Anubhava Mantapa</a> which was the centre of all religious and philosophical thoughts and discussions pertaining to Lingayats. These three social reformers did so by the literary means of "Vachana Sahitya" which is very famous for its simple, straight forward and easily understandable Kannada language. Lingayatism preached women equality by letting women wear Ishtalinga i.e. Symbol of god around their neck. <a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a> shunned the sharp hierarchical divisions that existed and sought to remove all distinctions between the hierarchically superior master class and the subordinate, servile class. He also supported inter-caste marriages and Kaay Ta tTatva of Basavanna. This was the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Lingayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayat">Lingayat</a> faith which today counts millions among its followers.<a href="#cite_note-basava-93">[93]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a> philosophy and literature have contributed immensely to the religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, which had an early presence on the west coast of India as early as the tenth century, gained a foothold in Karnataka with the rise of the Bahamani and Bijapur sultanates that ruled parts of Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-bam-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> reached Karnataka in the sixteenth century with the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis Xavier">St. Francis Xavier</a> in 1545.<a href="#cite_note-chris-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> was popular in Karnataka during the first millennium in places such as <a href="/wiki/Gulbarga" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulbarga">Gulbarga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a>. A chance discovery of edicts and several <a href="/wiki/Maurya" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurya">Mauryan</a> relics at <a href="/wiki/Sannati" title="Sannati">Sannati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi district</a> in 1986 has proven that the <a href="/wiki/Krishna_River" title="Krishna River">Krishna River</a> basin was once home to both <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a> Buddhism. There are <a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_India" title="Refugees in India">Tibetan refugee</a> camps in Karnataka.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festivals">Festivals</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a> is celebrated as the Nada habba (state festival) and this is marked by major festivities at Mysore. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Karaga" title="Bangalore Karaga">Bangalore Karaga</a>, celebrated in the heart of Bengaluru, is the second most important festival celebrated in Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-nada-habba-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a> (Kannada New Year), <a href="/wiki/Makara_Sankranti" class="mw-redirect" title="Makara Sankranti">Makara Sankranti</a> (the harvest festival), <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gowri_Habba" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowri Habba">Gowri Habba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Navami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Navami">Ram Navami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagaradhane" title="Nagaradhane">Nagapanchami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basava_Jayanthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basava Jayanthi">Basava Jayanthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Deepavali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balipadyami" class="mw-redirect" title="Balipadyami">Balipadyami</a> are the other major festivals of Karnataka.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava language</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary language</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monument with black plaque of inscribed writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG/170px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG/255px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG/340px-Halmidi_oldKannada_inscription_mounted.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Halmidi_inscription" title="Halmidi inscription">Halmidi inscription</a> (450 CE) is the earliest attested inscription in the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada language</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1265750715"><div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks tfd tfd-dated tfd-sidebar tfd-dedup">‹ The <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Pie_chart" title="Template:Pie chart">Pie chart</a> is being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2025_January_30#Template:Pie_chart" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2025 January 30">considered for merging</a>. ›</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 795.60138667955px; border-left-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 489.06848003023px; border-left-color:firebrick"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:firebrick"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:firebrick"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; 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top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 56.043967018715px; border-left-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:steelblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 14.488617983626px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:85.94599492759px 51.120308644478px 0 0; border-top-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages of Karnataka (<a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 census</a>)<a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-97">[97]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> (66.46%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Urdu</a> (10.83%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (5.84%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (3.45%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (3.29%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a> (2.61%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a> (1.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (1.43%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> (1.29%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (1.22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (1.99%)</div> </div> </div></div> <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> is the official language of the state of Karnataka, as the native language of 66.46% of its population as of 2011 and is one of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_languages_of_India" title="Classical languages of India">classical languages of India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> is the second largest language, spoken by 10.83% of the population, and is the language of Muslims outside the coastal region. <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (5.84%) is a major language in areas bordering Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka as well as Bengaluru, while <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (3.45%) is a major language of Bengaluru and in the Kolar district. <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (3.29%) is concentrated in areas of Uttara Kannada, Belgaum and Bidar districts bordering Maharashtra. <a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a> is spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Banjara" title="Banjara">Lambadis</a> scattered throughout North Karnataka, while <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is spoken in Bengaluru. <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a> (2.61%), <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> (1.29%), and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (1.27%) are all found in linguistically diverse Coastal Karnataka, where a number of mixed and distinct dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Arebhashe_dialect" title="Arebhashe dialect">Are Bhashe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary Bhashe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nawayathi_dialect" title="Nawayathi dialect">Nawayathi</a> are found. <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava Takk</a> is the language of Kodagu.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-OfficialLang-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-antiquity-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> played a crucial role in the creation of Karnataka: linguistic demographics played a major role in defining the new state in 1956. <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a> are other minor native languages that share a long history in the state. <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> is spoken widely by the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> population. Less widely spoken languages include <a href="/wiki/Beary_bashe" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary bashe">Beary bashe</a> and certain languages such as <a href="/wiki/Sankethi_language" title="Sankethi language">Sankethi</a>. Some of the regional languages in Karnataka are <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulu Language">Tulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beary_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary dialect">Beary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Kannada features a rich and ancient body of <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">literature</a> including religious and secular genre, covering topics as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Puranas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Vachana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vachana">Vachanas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa Sahitya</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">modern literature</a>. Evidence from edicts during the time of <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> (reigned 274–232 BCE) suggest that Buddhist literature influenced the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada alphabet">Kannada script</a> and its literature. The <a href="/wiki/Halmidi_inscription" title="Halmidi inscription">Halmidi inscription</a>, the earliest attested full-length inscription in the Kannada language and script, dates from 450 CE, while the earliest available literary work, the <a href="/wiki/Kavirajamarga" title="Kavirajamarga">Kavirajamarga</a>, has been dated to 850 CE. References made in the Kavirajamarga, however, prove that Kannada literature flourished in the native composition metres such as Chattana, Beddande and Melvadu during earlier centuries. The classic refers to several earlier greats (purvacharyar) of Kannada poetry and prose.<a href="#cite_note-kavi5-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a>, the renowned Kannada poet and writer who wrote <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a>, the state anthem of Karnataka<a href="#cite_note-anthem-1">[1]</a> was the first recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a>, the highest civilian award bestowed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a>. Contemporary <a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada literature</a> has received considerable acknowledgement in the arena of Indian literature, with eight Kannada writers winning India's highest literary honour, the <a href="/wiki/Jnanpith_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Jnanpith award">Jnanpith award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a> is the majority language in the <a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">coastal district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> and is the second most spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> This region is also known as <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Tulu Mahabharato, written by Arunabja in the <a href="/wiki/Tigalari_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigalari alphabet">Tigalari</a> script, is the oldest surviving Tulu text.<a href="#cite_note-tuluold-108">[108]</a> Tigalari script was used by Brahmins to write <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> language. The use of the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada script</a> for writing Tulu and non-availability of print in Tigalari script contributed to the marginalisation of Tigalari script.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In Karnataka <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> is mostly spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> districts and in parts of <a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a>, Konkani use the Devanagari Script (which is official)/<a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada script</a>( Optional ) for writing as identified by government of Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kodava_people" title="Kodava people">Kodavas</a> who mainly reside in the <a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu district</a>, speak Kodava Takk. Kodagu was a <a href="/wiki/Coorg_State" title="Coorg State">separate State</a> with its own <a href="/wiki/C._M._Poonacha" title="C. M. Poonacha">Chief Minister</a> and Council of Ministers till 1956. Two regional variations of the language exist, the northern Mendale Takka and the southern Kiggaati Takka.<a href="#cite_note-takk-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava Takk</a> has its own script, Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy has accepted <a href="/wiki/I._M._Muthanna" title="I. M. Muthanna">I. M. Muthanna</a>'s script which was developed in 1970 as the official script of Kodava Thakk. English is the medium of education in many schools and widely used for business communication in most private companies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] All of the state's languages are patronised and promoted by governmental and quasi-governmental bodies. The <a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a> and the Kannada Sahitya Akademi are responsible for the promotion of Kannada while the Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi,<a href="#cite_note-konkani-112">[112]</a> the Tulu Sahitya Akademi and the Kodava Sahitya Akademi promote their respective languages.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_administration">Government and administration</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislature" title="Karnataka Legislature">Karnataka Legislature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">List of taluks of Karnataka</a></div> Karnataka has a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary">parliamentary</a> system of government with two democratically elected houses, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly consists of 224 members who are elected for five-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-legi-113">[113]</a> The Legislative Council is a permanent body of 75 members with one-third (25 members) retiring every two years.<a href="#cite_note-legi-113">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">government of Karnataka</a> is headed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka">Chief Minister</a> who is chosen by the ruling party <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a>. The Chief Minister, along with the council of ministers, executes the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> However, the constitutional and formal head of the state is the <a href="/wiki/Governors_and_Lieutenant-Governors_of_states_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of states of India">Governor</a> who is appointed for a five-year term by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> on the advice of the Union government.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The people of Karnataka also elect 28 members to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, the lower house of the Indian Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-loksabha-116">[116]</a> The members of the state Legislative Assembly elect 12 members to the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, the upper house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Indian Parliament</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg/400px-Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg/600px-Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg/800px-Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vidhana_Soudha" title="Vidhana Soudha">Vidhana Soudha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> of Karnataka.</figcaption></figure>For administrative purposes, Karnataka has been divided into four revenue divisions, 49 sub-divisions, 31 districts, 175 <a href="/wiki/Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Taluk">taluks</a> and 745 hoblies / revenue circles.<a href="#cite_note-split-117">[117]</a> The administration in each district is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Commissioner_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Commissioner (India)">Deputy Commissioner</a> who belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Karnataka state services. The <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Police_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendent of Police (India)">Superintendent of Police</a>, an officer belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> and assisted by the officers of the Karnataka Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in each district. The Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">Indian Forest Service</a>, is entrusted with the responsibility of managing forests, environment and wildlife of the district, he will be assisted by the officers belonging to Karnataka Forest Service and officers belonging to Karnataka Forest Subordinate Service. Sectoral development in the districts is looked after by the district head of each development department such as Public Works Department, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, etc. The judiciary in the state consists of the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_High_Court" title="Karnataka High Court">Karnataka High Court</a> (Attara Kacheri) in Bangalore, Hubballi-Dharwad, and Kalaburagi, <a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">district and session courts</a> in each district and lower courts and judges at the taluk level.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Politics in Karnataka has been dominated by three political parties, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-politics-118">[118]</a> Politicians from Karnataka have played prominent roles in <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">federal government of India</a> with some of them having held the high positions of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> and Vice-President. Border disputes involving Karnataka's claim on the <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod</a><a href="#cite_note-kasaragod-dispute-119">[119]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solapur" title="Solapur">Solapur</a><a href="#cite_note-solapur-dispute-120">[120]</a> districts and <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Belagavi_border_dispute" title="Belagavi border dispute">claim on Belagavi</a> are ongoing since the states reorganisation.<a href="#cite_note-belgaummajority1-121">[121]</a> The official <a href="/wiki/File:Karnataka_emblem.png" title="File:Karnataka emblem.png">emblem of Karnataka</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Gandaberunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandaberunda">Ganda Berunda</a> in the centre. Surmounting this are four lions facing the four directions, taken from the <a href="/wiki/Lion_Capital_of_Ashoka" title="Lion Capital of Ashoka">Lion Capital of Ashoka</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a>. The emblem also carries two <a href="/wiki/Sharabha" title="Sharabha">Sharabhas</a> with the head of an <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a> and the body of a <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy of Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_industry_in_Karnataka" title="Software industry in Karnataka">Software industry in Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Karnataka" title="Banking in Karnataka">Banking in Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Bangalore">Economy of Bangalore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mangalore" title="Economy of Mangalore">Economy of Mangalore</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infosys_(4911287704).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg/220px-Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg/330px-Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg/440px-Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>-headquartered <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information-technology</a> company</figcaption></figure> Karnataka had an estimated GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of about US$115.86 billion in the 2014–15 fiscal year.<a href="#cite_note-IBEF-122">[122]</a> The state registered a GSDP growth rate of 7% for the year 2014–2015.<a href="#cite_note-DES-123">[123]</a> Karnataka's contribution to India's GDP in the year 2014–15 was 7.54%.<a href="#cite_note-IBEF-122">[122]</a> With GDP growth of 17.59% and per capita GDP growth of 16.04%, Karnataka is on the 6th position among all states and union territories.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In an employment survey conducted for the year 2013–2014, the unemployment rate in Karnataka was 1.8% compared to the national rate of 4.9%.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In 2011–2012, Karnataka had an estimated poverty ratio of 20.91% compared to the national ratio of 21.92%.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Nearly 56% of the workforce in Karnataka is engaged in agriculture and related activities.<a href="#cite_note-excel-128">[128]</a> A total of 12.31 million hectares of land, or 64.6% of the state's total area, is cultivated.<a href="#cite_note-stats-129">[129]</a> Much of the agricultural output is dependent on the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest monsoon">southwest monsoon</a> as only 26.5% of the sown area is irrigated.<a href="#cite_note-stats-129">[129]</a> Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> industries in India, including <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Aerospace_Laboratories" title="National Aerospace Laboratories">National Aerospace Laboratories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals_Limited" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited">Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Earth_Movers_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Earth Movers Limited">Bharat Earth Movers Limited</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMT_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMT (India)">HMT</a> (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools), which are based in Bengaluru. Many of India's premier science and technology research centres, such as <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Power_Research_Institute" title="Central Power Research Institute">Central Power Research Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Electronics_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Electronics Limited">Bharat Electronics Limited</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Food_Technological_Research_Institute" title="Central Food Technological Research Institute">Central Food Technological Research Institute</a>, are also headquartered in Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/MRPL" class="mw-redirect" title="MRPL">Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a>, located in Mangalore.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The state has also begun to invest heavily in <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a> centred on the <a href="/wiki/Pavagada_Solar_Park" title="Pavagada Solar Park">Pavagada Solar Park</a>. As of December 2017, the state has installed an estimated 2.2 gigawatts of block solar panelling and in January 2018 announced a tender to generate a further 1.2 gigawatts in the coming years: Karnataka Renewable Energy Development suggests that this will be based on 24 separate systems (or 'blocks') generating 50 megawatts each.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Since the 1980s, Karnataka has emerged as the pan-Indian leader in the field of IT (<a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>). In 2007, there were nearly 2,000 firms operating in Karnataka. Many of them, including two of India's biggest software firms, <a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wipro" title="Wipro">Wipro</a>, are also headquartered in the state.<a href="#cite_note-it-133">[133]</a> Exports from these firms exceeded ₹500 billion (equivalent to ₹1.6 trillion or US$19 billion in 2023) in 2006–07, accounting for nearly 38% of all IT exports from India.<a href="#cite_note-it-133">[133]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nandi_Hills,_India" title="Nandi Hills, India">Nandi Hills</a> area in the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Devanahalli" title="Devanahalli">Devanahalli</a> is the site of the upcoming $22 billion, 50 km2 <a href="/wiki/BIAL_IT_Investment_Region" title="BIAL IT Investment Region">BIAL IT Investment Region</a>, one of the largest infrastructure projects in the history of Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> All this has earned the state capital, Bengaluru, the sobriquet <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley of India">Silicon Valley of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-business-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Karnataka also leads the nation in <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>. It is home to India's largest biocluster, with 60% of the country's biotechnology firms being based here.<a href="#cite_note-biotech-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The state has 18,000 hectares of land under <a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">flower cultivation</a>, an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Seven of India's banks, <a href="/wiki/Canara_Bank" title="Canara Bank">Canara Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syndicate_Bank" title="Syndicate Bank">Syndicate Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporation_Bank" title="Corporation Bank">Corporation Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Bank" title="Vijaya Bank">Vijaya Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Bank" title="Karnataka Bank">Karnataka Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/ING_Vysya_Bank" title="ING Vysya Bank">ING Vysya Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_Mysore" title="State Bank of Mysore">State Bank of Mysore</a> originated in this state.<a href="#cite_note-cradle-143">[143]</a> The coastal districts of <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> have a branch for every 500 persons—the best distribution of banks in India.<a href="#cite_note-fl-144">[144]</a> In March 2002, Karnataka had 4767 branches of different banks with each branch serving 11,000 persons, which is lower than the national average of 16,000.<a href="#cite_note-rbi-145">[145]</a> A majority of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">silk industry in India</a> is headquartered in Karnataka, much of it in <a href="/wiki/Doddaballapura" title="Doddaballapura">Doddaballapura</a> in Bangalore Rural district and the state government intends to invest ₹700 million (equivalent to ₹1.4 billion or US$17 million in 2023) in a "Silk City" at <a href="/wiki/Muddenahalli" title="Muddenahalli">Muddenahalli</a> in Chikkaballapura district.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Karnataka also produces silver. The silver production of the state in 2018–19 was 214 kg whereas in 2019–20 it was 187 kg and in 2020–21 the silver production was 120 kg.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Karnataka has the only village in the country which produces authentic <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Indian national flags</a> according to manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Standards" title="Bureau of Indian Standards">Bureau of Indian Standards</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hubli" title="Hubli">Hubli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transport in Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Highways_in_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Highways in Karnataka">List of National Highways in Karnataka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Karnataka" title="List of state highways in Karnataka">List of state highways in Karnataka</a></div> Air transport in Karnataka, as in the rest of the country, is still a fledgling but fast expanding sector. Karnataka has airports at Bengaluru, <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_International_Airport" title="Mangalore International Airport">Mangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgaum_Airport" title="Belgaum Airport">Belgaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubli_Airport" title="Hubli Airport">Hubli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellary_Airport" title="Bellary Airport">Bellary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_Airport" title="Kalaburagi Airport">Gulbarga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Airport" title="Mysore Airport">Mysore</a> with international operations from Bengaluru and Mangalore airports.<a href="#cite_note-5airports-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-152">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shimoga_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimoga Airport">Shimoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_Airport" title="Bijapur Airport">Bijapur</a> airports are being built under the <a href="/wiki/UDAN" title="UDAN">UDAN Scheme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-TNIE1-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-152">[152]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mysore_Airport.jpg/220px-Mysore_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mysore_Airport.jpg/330px-Mysore_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mysore_Airport.jpg/440px-Mysore_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a><figcaption>Mysore airport</figcaption></figure> Karnataka has a railway network with a total length of approximately 3,089 km (1,919 mi). Until the creation of the <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway_zone" title="South Western Railway zone">South-Western Railway Zone</a> headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Hubli" title="Hubli">Hubballi</a> in 2003, the railway network in the state was in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_zone" title="Southern Railway zone">Southern Railway zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Railway_zone" title="South Central Railway zone">South-Central Railway Zone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_zone" title="Western Railway zone">Western Railway zone</a>. Several parts of the state now come under the South Western Railway zone with 3 Railway Divisions at <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, Hubli, with the remainder under the Southern Railway zone and <a href="/wiki/Konkan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Railway">Konkan Railway Zone</a>, which is considered one of India's biggest railway projects of the century due to the difficult terrain.<a href="#cite_note-konkan-156">[156]</a> Bengaluru and other cities in the state are well-connected with intrastate and inter-state destinations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Karnataka has 11 <a href="/wiki/Ports_of_Karnataka" title="Ports of Karnataka">ports</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/New_Mangalore_Port" title="New Mangalore Port">New Mangalore Port</a>, a major port and ten minor ports, of which three were operational in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The New Mangalore port was incorporated as the ninth major port in India on 4 May 1974.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> This port handled 32.04 million tonnes of traffic in the fiscal year 2006–07 with 17.92 million tonnes of imports and 14.12 million tonnes of exports. The port also handled 1015 vessels including 18 cruise vessels during the year 2006–07. Foreigners can enter Mangalore through the New Mangalore Port with the help of <a href="/wiki/Travel_visa#Electronic_visas" title="Travel visa">Electronic visa (e-visa)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ships</a> from Europe, North America and <a href="/wiki/UAE" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE">UAE</a> arrive at New Mangalore Port to visit the tourist places across <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Karnataka">Coastal Karnataka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> The port of Mangalore is among the 4 major ports of India that receive over 25 international cruise ships every year.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> The total lengths of <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Highways_in_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Highways in Karnataka">National Highways</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Karnataka" title="List of state highways in Karnataka">State Highways</a> in Karnataka are 3,973 and 9,829 km (2,469 and 6,107 mi), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The state transport corporations, transports an average of 2.2 million passengers daily and employs about 25,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-ksrtc-165">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation">Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation</a> (KSRTC) and The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metropolitan_Transport_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation">Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation</a> (BMTC) headquartered in Bengaluru, The <a href="/wiki/Kalyana_Karnataka_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation">Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation</a> (KKRTC) headquartered in Gulbarga, and The <a href="/wiki/North_Western_Karnataka_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation">North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation</a> (NWKRTC) headquartered in Hubballi are the 4 state-owned transport corporations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Art_and_culture_of_Karnataka" title="Art and culture of Karnataka">Art and culture of Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Karnataka cuisine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas">Kannadigas</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style> The diverse linguistic and religious ethnicities that are native to Karnataka, combined with their long histories, have contributed immensely to the varied cultural heritage of the state. Apart from Kannadigas, Karnataka is home to <a href="/wiki/Tuluva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuluva">Tuluvas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodava_people" title="Kodava people">Kodavas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konkanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkanis">Konkanis</a>. Minor populations of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan Buddhist">Tibetan Buddhists</a> and tribes like the <a href="/wiki/Soliga_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Soliga tribe">Soligas</a>, Yeravas, <a href="/wiki/Toda_people" title="Toda people">Todas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siddhis_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddhis of Karnataka">Siddhis</a> also live in Karnataka. The <a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">traditional folk arts</a> cover the entire gamut of music, dance, drama, storytelling by itinerant troupes, etc. Yakshagana of <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a>, and Malnad regions Karnataka, a classical dance drama, is one of the major theatrical forms of Karnataka. Contemporary theatre culture in Karnataka remains vibrant with organisations like <a href="/wiki/Ninasam" title="Ninasam">Ninasam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranga_Shankara" title="Ranga Shankara">Ranga Shankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangayana" title="Rangayana">Rangayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Kalavidaru" title="Prabhat Kalavidaru">Prabhat Kalavidaru</a> continuing to build on the foundations laid by <a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Veeranna" title="Gubbi Veeranna">Gubbi Veeranna</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._P._Kailasam" title="T. P. Kailasam">T. P. Kailasam</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._V._Karanth" title="B. V. Karanth">B. V. Karanth</a>, <a href="/wiki/K_V_Subbanna" class="mw-redirect" title="K V Subbanna">K V Subbanna</a>, Prasanna and <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka#Theatre" title="List of people from Karnataka">others</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolata" title="Kolata">Kolata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dollu_Kunitha" title="Dollu Kunitha">Dollu Kunitha</a> are popular dance forms. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore</a> style of <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatya</a>, nurtured and popularised by the likes of the legendary Jatti Tayamma, continues to hold sway in Karnataka, and Bengaluru also enjoys an eminent place as one of the foremost centres of Bharatanatya.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kondadakuli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Person with painted eyes in yakshagana costume, as gold-spangled robe with red sheer scarf and spiked headress on gold crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kondadakuli.jpg/170px-Kondadakuli.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Kondadakuli.jpg/255px-Kondadakuli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Kondadakuli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">yakshagana</a> artist</figcaption></figure> Karnataka also has a special place in the world of <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a>, with both Karnataka<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustani music">Hindustani</a> styles finding place in the state, and Karnataka has produced a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka#Music" title="List of people from Karnataka">stalwarts in both styles</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a> movement of the sixteenth century contributed significantly to the development of Karnataka (Carnatic) music as a performing art form. <a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a>, one of the most revered <a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasas</a>, is known as the Karnataka Sangeeta Pitamaha ('Father of Karnataka a.k.a. Carnatic music').<a href="#cite_note-father-170">[170]</a> Celebrated Hindustani musicians like <a href="/wiki/Gangubai_Hangal" title="Gangubai Hangal">Gangubai Hangal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Mansur" title="Mallikarjun Mansur">Mallikarjun Mansur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basavaraja_Rajaguru" class="mw-redirect" title="Basavaraja Rajaguru">Basavaraja Rajaguru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sawai_Gandharva" title="Sawai Gandharva">Sawai Gandharva</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka#Classical_Music_–_Hindustani" title="List of people from Karnataka">several others</a> hail from Karnataka, and some of them have been recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Kalidas_Samman" title="Kalidas Samman">Kalidas Samman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> awards. Noted Carnatic musicians include Violin T. Chowdiah, Veena Sheshanna, Mysore Vasudevachar, Doreswamy Iyengar and Thitte Krishna Iyengar.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Gamaka_(music)" title="Gamaka (music)">Gamaka</a> is another <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">classical music</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genre</a> based on Carnatic music that is practised in Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/Bhavageete#Kannada_Bhavageete" title="Bhavageete">Kannada Bhavageete</a> is a genre of popular music that draws inspiration from the expressionist poetry of modern poets. The Mysore school of painting has produced painters like Sundarayya, Tanjavur Kondayya, B. Venkatappa and Keshavayya.<a href="#cite_note-play2-171">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chitrakala_Parishat" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitrakala Parishat">Chitrakala Parishat</a> is an organisation in Karnataka dedicated to promoting painting, mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_painting" title="Mysore painting">Mysore painting</a> style.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Saree">Saree</a> is the traditional dress of women in Karnataka. Women in Kodagu have a distinct style of wearing the saree, different from the rest of Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">Dhoti</a>, known as Panche in Karnataka, is the traditional attire of men. <a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salwar_kameez" class="mw-redirect" title="Salwar kameez">Salwar kameez</a> are widely worn in Urban areas. <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Peta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Peta">Mysore Peta</a> is the traditional headgear of southern Karnataka, while the pagadi or pataga (similar to the <a href="/wiki/Pagri_(turban)#Rajastani_Pagari" title="Pagri (turban)">Rajasthani turban</a>) is preferred in the northern areas of the state.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finger_millet" title="Finger millet">Ragi</a> form the staple food in South Karnataka, whereas <a href="/wiki/Jolada_rotti" title="Jolada rotti">Jolada rotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">Sorghum</a> is staple to North Karnataka. <a href="/wiki/Bisi_bele_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisi bele bath">Bisi bele bath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jolada_rotti" title="Jolada rotti">Jolada rotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ragi_mudde" title="Ragi mudde">Ragi mudde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upma" title="Upma">Uppittu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benne_Dose" class="mw-redirect" title="Benne Dose">Benne Dose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masala_dosa" title="Masala dosa">Masala Dose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maddur_vada" title="Maddur vada">Maddur Vade</a> are some of the popular food items in Karnataka. Among sweets, <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Pak" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Pak">Mysore Pak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karadantu" title="Karadantu">Karadantu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gokak" title="Gokak">Gokak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunagunda" title="Hunagunda">Amingad</a>, Belgaavi Kunda and <a href="/wiki/Dharwad_pedha" title="Dharwad pedha">Dharwad pedha</a> are popular. Apart from this, <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Karnataka">coastal Karnataka</a> and Kodagu have distinctive cuisines of their own. <a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a> of coastal Karnataka is popular all over India.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education in Karnataka</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Karnataka" title="List of institutions of higher education in Karnataka">List of institutions of higher education in Karnataka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheeju_iisc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3-storey stone building with taller ivory tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sheeju_iisc.jpg/220px-Sheeju_iisc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sheeju_iisc.jpg/330px-Sheeju_iisc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sheeju_iisc.jpg/440px-Sheeju_iisc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> is one of the premier institutes of India.</figcaption></figure> As per the 2011 census, Karnataka had a <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> of 75.60%, with 82.85% of males and 68.13% of females in the state being literate.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manipal_Academy_of_Higher_Education" title="Manipal Academy of Higher Education">Manipal Academy of Higher Education</a> were ranked within the top 10 universities of India by NIRF 2020.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The state is home to some of the premier educational and research institutions of India such as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Management">Indian Institute of Management – Bangalore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Dharwad" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad">Indian Institute of Technology – Dharwad</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health_and_Neurosciences" title="National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences">National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences – Bangalore</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Karnataka" title="National Institute of Technology Karnataka">National Institute of Technology Karnataka – Surathkal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Law_School_of_India_University" title="National Law School of India University">National Law School of India University – Bangalore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-174">[174]</a> In March 2006, Karnataka had 54,529 primary schools with 252,875 teachers and 8.495 million students,<a href="#cite_note-school-175">[175]</a> and 9498 secondary schools with 92,287 teachers and 1.384 million students.<a href="#cite_note-school-175">[175]</a> There are three kinds of schools in the state, viz., government-run, private aided (financial aid is provided by the government) and private unaided (no financial aid is provided). The primary languages of instruction in most schools are <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnataka_stats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Karnataka_stats.jpg/220px-Karnataka_stats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Karnataka_stats.jpg/330px-Karnataka_stats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Karnataka_stats.jpg/440px-Karnataka_stats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="1151" /></a><figcaption>Literacy rates of Karnataka districts<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></figcaption></figure> The syllabus taught in the schools is either of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Secondary_Education_Examination_Board" title="Karnataka Secondary Education Examination Board">KSEEB (SSLC)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pre-university_course" title="Pre-university course">Pre-University Course (PUC)</a> of the State Syllabus, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">CBSE</a> of the Central Syllabus, <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">CISCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="International General Certificate of Secondary Education">IGCSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">IB</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">NIOS</a>, etc., are all defined by the Department of Public Instruction of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a>. The state has two Sainik Schools – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sainik_School_Kodagu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sainik School Kodagu (page does not exist)">Kodagu Sainik School in Kodagu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sainik_School_Bijapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainik School Bijapur">Bijapur Sainik School in Bijapur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> To maximise attendance in schools, the Karnataka Government has launched a mid-day meal scheme in government and aided schools in which free lunch is provided to the students.<a href="#cite_note-lunch-179">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/SSLC" class="mw-redirect" title="SSLC">Statewide board examinations</a> are conducted at the end of secondary education. Students who qualify are allowed to pursue a two-year <a href="/wiki/Pre_University_Course" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre University Course">pre-university course</a>, after which they become eligible to pursue <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">under-graduate</a> degrees.<a href="#cite_note-:5-174">[174]</a> There are 481-degree colleges affiliated with one of the <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a> in the state, viz. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_University" title="Bangalore University">Bangalore University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rani_Channamma_University,_Belagavi" title="Rani Channamma University, Belagavi">Rani Channamma University, Belagavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulbarga_University" title="Gulbarga University">Gulbarga University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnatak_University" title="Karnatak University">Karnatak University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuvempu_University" title="Kuvempu University">Kuvempu University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_University" title="Mangalore University">Mangalore University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-degree-180">[180]</a> In 1998, the engineering colleges in the state were brought under the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Visvesvaraya_Technological_University" title="Visvesvaraya Technological University">Visvesvaraya Technological University</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a>, whereas the medical colleges are run under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences">Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>. Some of these baccalaureate colleges are accredited with the status of a <a href="/wiki/Deemed_university" title="Deemed university">deemed university</a>. There are 186 engineering, 39 medical and 41 dental colleges in the state.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gokarna,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokarna, India">Gokarna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melkote" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkote">Melkote</a> are well-known places of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Vedic</a> learning. In 2015 the Central Government decided to establish the first <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology">Indian Institute of Technology</a> in Karnataka at <a href="/wiki/Dharwad" title="Dharwad">Dharwad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Tulu and Konkani<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> languages are taught as an optional subject in the twin districts of <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_University" title="Christ University">Christ University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jain_University" title="Jain University">Jain University</a>, <a href="/wiki/CMR_University" title="CMR University">CMR University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Sagar_University" title="Dayananda Sagar University">Dayananda Sagar University</a>, <a href="/wiki/PES_University" title="PES University">PES University</a> and <a href="/wiki/REVA_University" title="REVA University">REVA University</a> are notable private universities in Karnataka.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 9 February 2022, Karnataka shut its schools for three days after the regional administration-backed schools imposed a <a href="/wiki/2022_Karnataka_hijab_row" title="2022 Karnataka hijab row">hijab ban</a>, leading to widespread protests and violence. Other universities in the state began enforcing prohibitions after Hindu students, supported by right-wing Hindu groups, argued that if hijabs were allowed in classrooms, they should wear saffron shawls. On 5 February 2022, the Karnataka state government advised colleges to guarantee that "clothes which disturb equality, integrity, and public law and order should not be worn" in apparent support of schools' ability to enforce a ban.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media in Karnataka</a></div> The era of Kannada newspapers started in the year 1843 when <a href="/wiki/Hermann_M%C3%B6gling" title="Hermann Mögling">Hermann Mögling</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> from <a href="/wiki/Basel_Mission" title="Basel Mission">Basel Mission</a>, published the first Kannada newspaper called <a href="/wiki/Mangaluru_Samachara" title="Mangaluru Samachara">Mangaluru Samachara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>. The first Kannada periodical, Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini was started by Bhashyam Bhashyacharya in Mysore. Shortly after Indian independence in 1948, <a href="/wiki/K._N._Guruswamy" title="K. N. Guruswamy">K. N. Guruswamy</a> founded The Printers (Mysuru) Private Limited and began publishing two newspapers, <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prajavani" title="Prajavani">Prajavani</a>. Presently <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Karnataka" title="Vijaya Karnataka">Vijaya Karnataka</a> are the largest-selling English and Kannada newspapers respectively.<a href="#cite_note-toi-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-vk-187">[187]</a> A vast number of weekly, biweekly and monthly magazines are under publication in both Kannada and English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vijaykarnataka.com/">Vijay Karnataka</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vijayavani.net/">Vijayvani</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prajavani.net/">Prajavani</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.udayavani.com/">Udaywani</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kannadaprabha.com/">Kannada Prabha</a> are some popular dailies published from Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a> is the broadcaster of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> and its channel <a href="/wiki/DD_Chandana" title="DD Chandana">DD Chandana</a> is dedicated to Kannada. Prominent <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada_language_television_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kannada language television channels">Kannada channels</a> include <a href="/wiki/Colors_Kannada" title="Colors Kannada">Colors Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_Kannada" title="Zee Kannada">Zee Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Suvarna" title="Star Suvarna">Star Suvarna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Udaya_TV" title="Udaya TV">Udaya TV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Karnataka occupies a special place in the history of Indian radio. In 1935, Aakashvani, the first private radio station in India, was started by Prof. M.V. Gopalaswamy in <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gs-190">[190]</a> The popular radio station was taken over by the local municipality and later by <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> (AIR) and moved to Bangalore in 1955. Later in 1957, AIR adopted the original name of the radio station, Aakashavani as its own. Some of the popular programs aired by AIR Bangalore included Nisarga Sampada and Sasya Sanjeevini which were programs that taught science through songs, plays, and stories. These two programs became so popular that they were translated and broadcast in 18 different languages and the entire series was recorded on cassettes by the Government of Karnataka and distributed to thousands of schools across the state.<a href="#cite_note-gs-190">[190]</a> Karnataka has witnessed a growth in FM radio channels, mainly in the cities of Bengaluru, Mangalore and Mysore, which has become hugely popular.<a href="#cite_note-fm-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-popfm-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports in Karnataka</a></div> Karnataka's smallest district, <a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a>, is a major contributor to <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_in_India" title="Field hockey in India">Indian field hockey</a>, producing numerous players who have represented India at the international level.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> The annual <a href="/wiki/Kodava_Hockey_Festival" title="Kodava Hockey Festival">Kodava Hockey Festival</a> is the largest hockey tournament in the world.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a> has hosted a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Tennis_Association" title="Women's Tennis Association">WTA</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> event and, in 1997, it hosted the fourth National Games of India.<a href="#cite_note-natlgam-195">[195]</a> The Sports Authority of India, the premier sports institute in the country, and the <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Nike, Inc">Nike</a> Tennis Academy are also situated in Bangalore. Karnataka has been referred to as the cradle of Indian swimming because of its high standards in comparison to other states.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg/220px-Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg/330px-Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg/440px-Test_Match_Cricket_India_Vs._Pakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M._Chinnaswamy_Stadium" title="M. Chinnaswamy Stadium">M. Chinnaswamy Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></figcaption></figure> One of the most popular sports in Karnataka is <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cricket_team" title="Karnataka cricket team">The state cricket team</a> has won the <a href="/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" title="Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a> seven times, second only to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_cricket_team" title="Mumbai cricket team">Mumbai</a> in terms of success.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinnaswamy_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinnaswamy Stadium">Chinnaswamy Stadium</a> in Bengaluru regularly hosts <a href="/wiki/International_cricket" title="International cricket">international Cricket matches</a> and is also the home of the <a href="/wiki/National_Cricket_Academy" title="National Cricket Academy">National Cricket Academy</a>, which was opened in 2000 to nurture potential international players. Many <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cricket_team#Famous_players" title="Karnataka cricket team">cricketers</a> have represented <a href="/wiki/India_national_cricket_team" title="India national cricket team">India</a> and in one international match held in the 1990s; players from Karnataka composed the majority of the national team.<a href="#cite_note-odi-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-test-199">[199]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Challengers Bangalore">Royal Challengers Bangalore</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru Football Club">Bengaluru Football Club</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> franchise, the Bengaluru Yodhas, a <a href="/wiki/Pro_Wrestling_League" title="Pro Wrestling League">Pro Wrestling League</a> franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Blasters" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru Blasters">Bengaluru Blasters</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Premier_Badminton_League" title="Premier Badminton League">Premier Badminton League</a> franchise and the <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Bulls" title="Bengaluru Bulls">Bengaluru Bulls</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a> franchise are based in Bengaluru. The <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Premier_League" title="Karnataka Premier League">Karnataka Premier League</a> is an inter-regional <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> cricket tournament played in the state for eight seasons till 2019.<a href="#cite_note-:6-200">[200]</a> After 2019, it was replaced by Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 tournament.<a href="#cite_note-:6-200">[200]</a> Notable sportsmen from Karnataka include <a href="/wiki/B.S._Chandrasekhar" class="mw-redirect" title="B.S. Chandrasekhar">B.S. Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Binny" title="Roger Binny">Roger Binny</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._A._S._Prasanna" title="E. A. S. Prasanna">E. A. S. Prasanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumble" title="Anil Kumble">Anil Kumble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javagal_Srinath" title="Javagal Srinath">Javagal Srinath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Dravid" title="Rahul Dravid">Rahul Dravid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Prasad" title="Venkatesh Prasad">Venkatesh Prasad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Uthappa" title="Robin Uthappa">Robin Uthappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinay_Kumar" title="Vinay Kumar">Vinay Kumar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gundappa_Vishwanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundappa Vishwanath">Gundappa Vishwanath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syed_Kirmani" title="Syed Kirmani">Syed Kirmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Binny" title="Stuart Binny">Stuart Binny</a>, <a href="/wiki/K._L._Rahul" class="mw-redirect" title="K. L. Rahul">K. L. Rahul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayank_Agarwal" title="Mayank Agarwal">Mayank Agarwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manish_Pandey" title="Manish Pandey">Manish Pandey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karun_Nair" title="Karun Nair">Karun Nair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Ponnappa" title="Ashwini Ponnappa">Ashwini Ponnappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Bhupathi" title="Mahesh Bhupathi">Mahesh Bhupathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rohan_Bopanna" title="Rohan Bopanna">Rohan Bopanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Padukone" title="Prakash Padukone">Prakash Padukone</a> who won the <a href="/wiki/All_England_Badminton_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="All England Badminton Championships">All England Badminton Championships</a> in 1980 and <a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Arjan_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Pankaj Arjan Advani">Pankaj Advani</a> who has won three world titles in <a href="/wiki/Cue_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cue sport">cue sports</a> by the age of 20 including the amateur <a href="/wiki/World_Snooker_Championship" title="World Snooker Championship">World Snooker Championship</a> in 2003 and the World Billiards Championship in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-prak-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-cue-202">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur district</a> has produced some of the best-known road cyclists in the national circuit. Premalata Sureban was part of the Indian contingent at the Perlis Open '99 in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. In recognition of the talent of cyclists in the district, the state government laid down a cycling track at the B.R. Ambedkar Stadium at a cost of ₹4 million (US$46,000).<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism in Karnataka</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture of Karnataka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brown temple on 5-step platform with 2 cone-topped side chambers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg/220px-The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg/330px-The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg/440px-The_Chennakeshava_temple_at_Somanathapura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chennakesava_Temple,_Somanathapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura">Chennakesava Temple</a> is a model example of the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala architecture</a>, later repaired in the 16th century with financial support and grants by the Vijayanagara Emperors.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GolGumbaz2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="7-storey domed building with 4 domed corner towers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GolGumbaz2.jpg/220px-GolGumbaz2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GolGumbaz2.jpg/330px-GolGumbaz2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/GolGumbaz2.jpg/440px-GolGumbaz2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gol_Gumbaz" title="Gol Gumbaz">Gol Gumbaz</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bijapur,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Bijapur, Karnataka">Bijapur</a> has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></figcaption></figure> By virtue of its varied geography and long history, Karnataka hosts numerous spots of interest for tourists. There is an array of ancient sculptured temples, modern cities, scenic hill ranges, forests and beaches. Karnataka has been ranked as the fourth most popular destination for tourism among the states of India.<a href="#cite_note-toptour-206">[206]</a> Karnataka has the second highest number of nationally protected monuments in India, second only to <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-protect-207">[207]</a> in addition to 752 monuments protected by the State Directorate of Archaeology and Museums. Another 25,000 monuments are yet to receive protection.<a href="#cite_note-protected_monuments-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-mp-209">[209]</a> The districts of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> and the southern districts of the state have popular eco-tourism locations including <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madikeri" title="Madikeri">Madikeri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agumbe" title="Agumbe">Agumbe</a>. Karnataka has 25 wildlife sanctuaries and five national parks. Popular among them are <a href="/wiki/Bandipur_National_Park" title="Bandipur National Park">Bandipura National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bannerghatta_National_Park" title="Bannerghatta National Park">Bannerghatta National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagarhole_National_Park" title="Nagarhole National Park">Nagarhole National Park</a>. The ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire at <a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a> and the monuments of <a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a> are on the list of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>. The cave temples at <a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a> and the rock-cut temples at <a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a> representing the Badami Chalukyan style of architecture are also popular tourist destinations. The <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala</a> temples at <a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Beluru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a>, which were built with Chloritic schist (<a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">soapstone</a>) are proposed UNESCO World Heritage sites.<a href="#cite_note-heritage-210">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gol_Gumbaz" title="Gol Gumbaz">Gol Gumbaz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Rauza" title="Ibrahim Rauza">Ibrahim Rauza</a> are famous examples of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_sultanates" title="Deccan sultanates">Deccan Sultanate</a> style of architecture. The monolith of Gomateshwara <a href="/wiki/Bahubali" title="Bahubali">Bahubali</a> at <a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a> is the tallest sculpted monolith in the world, attracting tens of thousands of pilgrims during the <a href="/wiki/Mahamastakabhisheka" title="Mahamastakabhisheka">Mahamastakabhisheka</a> festival.<a href="#cite_note-mono-211">[211]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Golden 5-storey Mysore Palace building with 21 domed towers and central spire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg/220px-Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg/330px-Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg/440px-Mysore_palace_illuminated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3214" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Palace" title="Mysore Palace">Mysore Palace</a> in the evening, the official residence and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Wodeyar_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Wodeyar dynasty">Wodeyar dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">rulers of Mysore</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Kingdom">Mysore Kingdom</a>, the royal family of <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>.</figcaption></figure> The waterfalls of Karnataka and <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a> are considered by some to be among the "1001 Natural Wonders of the World".<a href="#cite_note-:0-212">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jog_Falls" title="Jog Falls">Jog Falls</a> is <a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_India" title="List of waterfalls in India">India's tallest single-tiered waterfall</a> with <a href="/wiki/Gokak_Falls" title="Gokak Falls">Gokak Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unchalli_Falls" title="Unchalli Falls">Unchalli Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magod_Falls" title="Magod Falls">Magod Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbey_Falls" title="Abbey Falls">Abbey Falls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shivanasamudra_Falls" title="Shivanasamudra Falls">Shivanasamudra Falls</a> among other popular waterfalls.<a href="#cite_note-:0-212">[212]</a> Several popular beaches dot the coastline, including <a href="/wiki/Murudeshwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Murudeshwara">Murudeshwara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gokarna,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokarna, India">Gokarna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malpe" title="Malpe">Malpe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a>. In addition, Karnataka is home to several places of religious importance. Several Hindu temples including the famous <a href="/wiki/Udupi_Sri_Krishna_Matha" title="Udupi Sri Krishna Matha">Udupi Sri Krishna Matha</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marikamba_Temple,_Sirsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marikamba Temple, Sirsi">Marikamba Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sirsi,_Karnataka" title="Sirsi, Karnataka">Sirsi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mookambika" title="Mookambika">Kollur Mookambika Temple</a>, the Sri Manjunatha Temple at <a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kukke_Subramanya_Temple" title="Kukke Subramanya Temple">Kukke Subramanya Temple</a>, Janardhana and Mahakali Temple at <a href="/wiki/Ambalpadi" title="Ambalpadi">Ambalpadi</a>, Sharadamba Temple at <a href="/wiki/Shringeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shringeri">Shringeri</a> attract pilgrims from all over India. Most of the holy sites of <a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Kudalasangama" title="Kudalasangama">Kudalasangama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basavana_Bagewadi" title="Basavana Bagewadi">Basavana Bagewadi</a>, are found in northern parts of the state. <a href="/wiki/Shravanabelagola" title="Shravanabelagola">Shravanabelagola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudabidri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudabidri">Mudabidri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karkala" title="Karkala">Karkala</a> are famous for Jain history and monuments. Jainism had a stronghold in Karnataka in the early medieval period with Shravanabelagola as its most important centre. The <a href="/wiki/Shettihalli_Rosary_Church" title="Shettihalli Rosary Church">Shettihalli Rosary Church</a> near <a href="/wiki/Shettihalli" title="Shettihalli">Shettihalli</a>, an example of French colonial <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic architecture</a>, is a rare example of a Christian ruin, is a popular tourist site.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Karnataka has become a center of <a href="/wiki/Health_care_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care tourism">health care tourism</a> and has the highest number of approved health systems and alternative therapies in India. Along with some <a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">ISO certified</a> government-owned hospitals, private institutions which provide international-quality services, Hospitals in Karnataka treat around 8,000 health tourists every year.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-215">[215]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/32px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/48px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/64px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="460" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Bangalore">Bangalore portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Karnataka" title="Outline of Karnataka">Outline of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media in Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Karnataka" title="List of governors of Karnataka">List of governors of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">List of districts of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_of_Karnataka" title="List of butterflies of Karnataka">List of butterflies of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Karnataka" title="List of airports in Karnataka">List of airports in Karnataka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-anthem-1">^ <a 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Retrieved 4 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financialexpress&rft.atitle=Business+News%3A+Business+News+India%2C+Business+News+Today%2C+Latest+Finance+News%2C+Business+News+Live&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.financialexpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/area.htm">"Census Reference Tables, B-Series - Area"</a>. censusindia.gov.in. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614190614/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/area.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+Reference+Tables%2C+B-Series+-+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FCensus_data_finder%2FA_Series%2Farea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://detechter.com/seven-sanskrit-speaking-villages-in-india/">"Seven Indian villages where people speak in Sanskrit"</a>. 24 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407102822/https://detechter.com/seven-sanskrit-speaking-villages-in-india/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seven+Indian+villages+where+people+speak+in+Sanskrit&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdetechter.com%2Fseven-sanskrit-speaking-villages-in-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdaily.bhaskar.com/news/NAT-TOP-4-indian-villages-where-sanskrit-is-a-primary-language-4848406-PHO.html">"Know about these 4 Indian villages where Sanskrit is still their first language"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106055308/https://mdaily.bhaskar.com/news/NAT-TOP-4-indian-villages-where-sanskrit-is-a-primary-language-4848406-PHO.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Know+about+these+4+Indian+villages+where+Sanskrit+is+still+their+first+language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmdaily.bhaskar.com%2Fnews%2FNAT-TOP-4-indian-villages-where-sanskrit-is-a-primary-language-4848406-PHO.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cteindia.org/five-indian-villages-where-sanskrit-is-spoken/">"Five Indian villages where Sanskrit is spoken"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145917/https://www.cteindia.org/five-indian-villages-where-sanskrit-is-spoken/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+Indian+villages+where+Sanskrit+is+spoken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cteindia.org%2Ffive-indian-villages-where-sanskrit-is-spoken%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> See <a href="/wiki/Lord_Macaulay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Macaulay">Lord Macaulay</a>'s life of Clive and James Talboys Wheeler: Early History of British India, London (1878) p.98. The principal meaning is the western half of this area, but the rulers there controlled the <a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel Coast</a> as well. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaddayya,_K.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Paddayya, K.; et al. (10 September 2002). "Recent findings on the Acheulian of the Hunsgi and Baichbal valleys, Karnataka, with special reference to the Isampur excavation and its dating". Current Science. 83 (5): 641–648.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Science&rft.atitle=Recent+findings+on+the+Acheulian+of+the+Hunsgi+and+Baichbal+valleys%2C+Karnataka%2C+with+special+reference+to+the+Isampur+excavation+and+its+dating&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E641-%3C%2Fspan%3E648&rft.date=2002-09-10&rft.au=Paddayya%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Ranganathan" class="citation web cs1">S. Ranganathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070121024542/http://metalrg.iisc.ernet.in/~wootz/heritage/K-hertage.htm">"THE Golden Heritage of Karnataka"</a>. Department of Metallurgy. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metalrg.iisc.ernet.in/~wootz/heritage/K-hertage.htm">the original</a> on 21 January 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Metallurgy&rft.atitle=THE+Golden+Heritage+of+Karnataka&rft.au=S.+Ranganathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetalrg.iisc.ernet.in%2F~wootz%2Fheritage%2FK-hertage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/staff/resources/background/bg16/home.html">"Trade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_British_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Museum">The British Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070526202851/http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/staff/resources/background/bg16/home.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trade&rft.pub=The+British+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientindia.co.uk%2Fstaff%2Fresources%2Fbackground%2Fbg16%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-origin-25"><a href="#cite_ref-origin_25-0">^</a> From the <a href="/wiki/Talagunda" title="Talagunda">Talagunda</a> inscription (B. L. Rice in Kamath (2001), p. 30.) </li> <li id="cite_note-origin1-26"><a href="#cite_ref-origin1_26-0">^</a> Moares (1931), p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-gan-27"><a href="#cite_ref-gan_27-0">^</a> Adiga and Sheik Ali in Adiga (2006), p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-gan1-28"><a href="#cite_ref-gan1_28-0">^</a> Ramesh (1984), pp. 1–2. </li> <li id="cite_note-first-29"><a href="#cite_ref-first_29-0">^</a> From the Halmidi inscription (Ramesh 1984, pp. 10–11.) </li> <li id="cite_note-hal-30"><a href="#cite_ref-hal_30-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-cha-31"><a href="#cite_ref-cha_31-0">^</a> The Chalukyas hailed from present-day Karnataka (Keay (2000), p. 168.) </li> <li id="cite_note-cha1-32"><a href="#cite_ref-cha1_32-0">^</a> The Chalukyas were native <a href="/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas">Kannadigas</a> (N. Laxminarayana Rao and S. C. Nandinath in Kamath (2001), p. 57.) </li> <li id="cite_note-rash-33"><a href="#cite_ref-rash_33-0">^</a> Altekar (1934), pp. 21–24. </li> <li id="cite_note-rash1-34"><a href="#cite_ref-rash1_34-0">^</a> Masica (1991), pp. 45–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-west-35"><a href="#cite_ref-west_35-0">^</a> Balagamve in Mysore territory was an early power centre (Cousens (1926), pp. 10, 105.) </li> <li id="cite_note-west1-36"><a href="#cite_ref-west1_36-0">^</a> Tailapa II, the founder king was the governor of Tardavadi in modern Bijapur district, under the Rashtrakutas (Kamath (2001), p. 101.). </li> <li id="cite_note-unique-37"><a href="#cite_ref-unique_37-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-flow-38"><a href="#cite_ref-flow_38-0">^</a> Foekema (2003), p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-A_History_of_South_India-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_History_of_South_India_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_History_of_South_India_39-1">b</a> Sastri (1955), p.164 </li> <li id="cite_note-sang1-40"><a href="#cite_ref-sang1_40-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), pp. 132–134. </li> <li id="cite_note-sang-41"><a href="#cite_ref-sang_41-0">^</a> Sastri (1955), pp. 358–359, 361. </li> <li id="cite_note-chenna-42"><a href="#cite_ref-chenna_42-0">^</a> Foekema (1996), p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-chenna1-43"><a href="#cite_ref-chenna1_43-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), pp. 122–124. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKāmat,_Sūryanātha" class="citation book cs1">Kāmat, Sūryanātha. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/993095629">993095629</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+history+of+Karnataka%3A+from+pre-historic+times+to+the+present&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F993095629&rft.au=K%C4%81mat%2C+S%C5%ABryan%C4%81tha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Prof K.A.N. Sastri, History of South India pp 355–366 </li> <li id="cite_note-vij-46"><a href="#cite_ref-vij_46-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), pp. 157–160. </li> <li id="cite_note-vij1-47"><a href="#cite_ref-vij1_47-0">^</a> Kulke and Rothermund (2004), p. 188. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030701030020/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/18/stories/2002071800480200.htm">"The Hindu: A grand dream"</a>. 1 July 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/18/stories/2002071800480200.htm">the original</a> on 1 July 2003. Retrieved 27 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hindu%3A+A+grand+dream&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmp%2F2002%2F07%2F18%2Fstories%2F2002071800480200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bin-49"><a href="#cite_ref-bin_49-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), pp. 190–191. </li> <li id="cite_note-conf-50"><a href="#cite_ref-conf_50-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 201. </li> <li id="cite_note-erst-51"><a href="#cite_ref-erst_51-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-gol-52"><a href="#cite_ref-gol_52-0">^</a> Kamath (2001), p. 207. </li> <li id="cite_note-konk-53"><a href="#cite_ref-konk_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJainCardona,_George2003" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Dhanesh; Cardona, George (2003). 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Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA757">757</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1130-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1130-7"><bdi>978-0-7007-1130-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+languages&rft.series=Routledge+language+family+series&rft.pages=757&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1130-7&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Dhanesh&rft.au=Cardona%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjPR2OlbTbdkC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinto1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pius_Fidelis_Pinto" title="Pius Fidelis Pinto">Pinto, Pius Fidelis</a> (1999). 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Retrieved 4 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Frontline%2C+Volume+18+%E2%80%93+Issue+17%2C+18%E2%80%9331+August+2001&rft.atitle=Karnataka%27s+agony&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Parvathi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontline.in%2Fstatic%2Fhtml%2Ffl1817%2F18170420.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/hydropower-generation-doubled-in-5-yrs-but-poor-monsoon-brings-bad-news-1233623.html">"Hydropower generation doubled in 5 yrs but poor monsoon brings bad news"</a>. Deccan Herald. 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Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+-+Karnataka+Irrigation+Project+%28English%29.+Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+World+Bank+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F591861468257957047%2FIndia-Karnataka-Irrigation-Project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-geology-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geology_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-geology_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamachandra_T.V.Kamakshi_G." class="citation web cs1">Ramachandra T.V. & Kamakshi G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/paper/TR109/TR109_TVR.pdf">"Bioresource Potential of Karnataka"</a> (PDF). Technical Report No. 109, November 2005. 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(1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF01830449">"Structural evolution of the Peninsular Gneiss — an early Precambrian migmatitic complex from South India"</a>. Geologische Rundschau. 79 (1): 99–109. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990GeoRu..79...99N">1990GeoRu..79...99N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01830449">10.1007/BF01830449</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7835">0016-7835</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140553127">140553127</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115104718/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01830449">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geologische+Rundschau&rft.atitle=Structural+evolution+of+the+Peninsular+Gneiss+%E2%80%94+an+early+Precambrian+migmatitic+complex+from+South+India&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01830449&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140553127%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0016-7835&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990GeoRu..79...99N&rft.aulast=Naha&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Srinivasan%2C+R.&rft.au=Jayaram%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2FBF01830449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDey2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dey, Sukanta (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mem.lyellcollection.org/lookup/doi/10.1144/M43.19">"Chapter 19 Geological history of the Kaladgi–Badami and Bhima basins, south India: sedimentation in a Proterozoic intracratonic setup"</a>. Geological Society, London, Memoirs. 43 (1): 283–296. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2FM43.19">10.1144/M43.19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0435-4052">0435-4052</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140664449">140664449</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115104725/https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/M43.19">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Society%2C+London%2C+Memoirs&rft.atitle=Chapter+19+Geological+history+of+the+Kaladgi%E2%80%93Badami+and+Bhima+basins%2C+south+India%3A+sedimentation+in+a+Proterozoic+intracratonic+setup&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E296&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140664449%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0435-4052&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2FM43.19&rft.aulast=Dey&rft.aufirst=Sukanta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmem.lyellcollection.org%2Flookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1144%2FM43.19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadhakrishna1997" class="citation book cs1">Radhakrishna, B. P. (1997). Geology of Karnataka. R. Vaidyanadhan (2nd ed.). Bangalore [India]: Geological Society of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85867-08-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-85867-08-9"><bdi>81-85867-08-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39707803">39707803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+of+Karnataka&rft.place=Bangalore+%5BIndia%5D&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Geological+Society+of+India&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39707803&rft.isbn=81-85867-08-9&rft.aulast=Radhakrishna&rft.aufirst=B.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_71-1">b</a> National Informatics Centre. "Traditional Soil Groups of Karnataka and their Geographic Distribution". Official Website of the Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka. Govt. of Karnataka. Retrieved 25 March 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_72-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fsi.nic.in/isfr19/vol2/isfr-2019-vol-ii-karnataka.pdf">"Forest Survey of India- Karnataka"</a> (PDF). Forest Survey of India. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222042807/https://fsi.nic.in/isfr19/vol2/isfr-2019-vol-ii-karnataka.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Survey+of+India&rft.atitle=Forest+Survey+of+India-+Karnataka&rft.volume=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffsi.nic.in%2Fisfr19%2Fvol2%2Fisfr-2019-vol-ii-karnataka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia._Directorate_of_Economics_and_Statistics2015" class="citation book cs1">India. Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2015). Agricultural statistics at a glance 2014 (1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-945965-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-945965-0"><bdi>978-0-19-945965-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/905588033">905588033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agricultural+statistics+at+a+glance+2014&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F905588033&rft.isbn=978-0-19-945965-0&rft.au=India.+Directorate+of+Economics+and+Statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forest_area-74"><a href="#cite_ref-forest_area_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070807055904/http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/karnataka.htm">"Karnataka – An Introduction"</a>. Official website of the Karnataka legislature. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kar.nic.in/kla/karnataka.htm">the original</a> on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Official+website+of+the+Karnataka+legislature&rft.atitle=Karnataka+%E2%80%93+An+Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kar.nic.in%2Fkla%2Fkarnataka.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://des.kar.nic.in/sites/RAINFALL%202010.pdf">"Rainfall Statistics of Karnataka 2010"</a> (PDF). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Karnataka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030241/http://des.kar.nic.in/sites/RAINFALL%202010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainfall+Statistics+of+Karnataka+2010&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Economics+and+Statistics%2C+Karnataka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdes.kar.nic.in%2Fsites%2FRAINFALL%25202010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://des.kar.nic.in/sites/ANNUAL%20RAINFALL%202014.pdf">"Rainfall Statistics of Karnataka 2014"</a> (PDF). Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Karnataka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170311130816/http://des.kar.nic.in/sites/ANNUAL%20RAINFALL%202014.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainfall+Statistics+of+Karnataka+2014&rft.pub=Directorate+of+Economics+and+Statistics%2C+Karnataka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdes.kar.nic.in%2Fsites%2FANNUAL%2520RAINFALL%25202014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-second-77"><a href="#cite_ref-second_77-0">^</a> Agumbe's receiving the second highest rainfall in India is mentioned by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhose" class="citation web cs1">Ghose, Arabinda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013130243/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070328/2803302.htm">"Link Godavari, Krishna & Cauvery"</a>. The Central Chronicle, dated 2007-03-28. 2007, Central Chronicle. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/03/09/stories/2006030901660100.htm">the original</a> on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Still+a+hot+favourite+at+50&rft.date=2006-03-09&rft.au=Deepa+Ganesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmp%2F2006%2F03%2F09%2Fstories%2F2006030901660100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fm-191"><a href="#cite_ref-fm_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asiawaves.net/india/karnataka-radio.htm">"Radio Stations in Karnataka, India"</a>. Online webpage of asiawaves.net. Alan G. Davies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070603101601/http://www.asiawaves.net/india/karnataka-radio.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+webpage+of+asiawaves.net&rft.atitle=Radio+Stations+in+Karnataka%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asiawaves.net%2Findia%2Fkarnataka-radio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popfm-192"><a href="#cite_ref-popfm_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153147/http://hindu.com/2006/01/12/stories/2006011218120200.htm">"Radio has become popular again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. 12 January 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/12/stories/2006011218120200.htm">the original</a> on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 18 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Radio+has+become+popular+again&rft.date=2006-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F01%2F12%2Fstories%2F2006011218120200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070622070003/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/06/13/stories/2004061300490800.htm">"A field day in coorg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. 13 June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/06/13/stories/2004061300490800.htm">the original</a> on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2007. <q>Since Coorg (Kodagu) was the cradle of Indian hockey, with over 50 players from the region going on to represent the nation so far, seven of whom were Olympians...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=A+field+day+in+coorg&rft.date=2004-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmag%2F2004%2F06%2F13%2Fstories%2F2004061300490800.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnakumar2004" class="citation news cs1">Krishnakumar (13 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070622070003/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/06/13/stories/2004061300490800.htm">"A field day in coorg"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/06/13/stories/2004061300490800.htm">the original</a> on 22 June 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2007. <q>... the festival assumed such monstrous proportions (one year, 350 families took part in the festival) that it found place in the Limca Book of Records. It was recognised as the largest hockey tournament in the world. This has been referred to the Guinness Book of World Records too.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=A+field+day+in+coorg&rft.date=2004-06-13&rft.au=Krishnakumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2Fthehindu%2Fmag%2F2004%2F06%2F13%2Fstories%2F2004061300490800.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-natlgam-195"><a href="#cite_ref-natlgam_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao1997" class="citation news cs1">Rao, Roopa (12 June 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124058/http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970612/16350393.html">"Curtains down on Fourth National Games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970612/16350393.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Curtains+down+on+Fourth+National+Games&rft.date=1997-06-12&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Roopa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fres%2Fweb%2FpIe%2Fie%2Fdaily%2F19970612%2F16350393.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/karnataka-re-asserts-its-overall-supremacy/article29640706.ece">"Karnataka re-asserts its overall supremacy"</a>. Sportstar. 10 October 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309025556/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/karnataka-re-asserts-its-overall-supremacy/article29640706.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sportstar&rft.atitle=Karnataka+re-asserts+its+overall+supremacy&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsportstar.thehindu.com%2Fmagazine%2Fkarnataka-re-asserts-its-overall-supremacy%2Farticle29640706.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/story/715131.html">"Karnataka seal seventh Ranji Trophy title"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cricinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricinfo">Cricinfo</a>. 2 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140206075028/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2013-14/content/story/715131.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karnataka+seal+seventh+Ranji+Trophy+title&rft.pub=Cricinfo&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Franji-trophy-2013-14%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F715131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-odi-198"><a href="#cite_ref-odi_198-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sujith_Somasunder" title="Sujith Somasunder">Sujith Somasunder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Dravid" title="Rahul Dravid">Rahul Dravid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javagal_Srinath" title="Javagal Srinath">Javagal Srinath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Joshi" title="Sunil Joshi">Sunil Joshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumble" title="Anil Kumble">Anil Kumble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Prasad" title="Venkatesh Prasad">Venkatesh Prasad</a>, all from Karnataka played in this match: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63848.html">"ODI no. 1127, Titan Cup – 1st Match India v South Africa 1996/97 season"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cricinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricinfo">Cricinfo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014000236/http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63848.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ODI+no.+1127%2C+Titan+Cup+%E2%80%93+1st+Match+India+v+South+Africa+1996%2F97+season&rft.pub=Cricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent-ind.cricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fmatch%2F63848.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-test-199"><a href="#cite_ref-test_199-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Vijay_Bharadwaj" title="Vijay Bharadwaj">Vijay Bharadwaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Dravid" title="Rahul Dravid">Rahul Dravid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javagal_Srinath" title="Javagal Srinath">Javagal Srinath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Joshi" title="Sunil Joshi">Sunil Joshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumble" title="Anil Kumble">Anil Kumble</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Prasad" title="Venkatesh Prasad">Venkatesh Prasad</a>, all from Karnataka played in this match: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66059.html">"Test no. 1462 New Zealand in India Test Series – 1st Test India v New Zealand 1999/00 season"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cricinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricinfo">Cricinfo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017145728/http://content-ind.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/66059.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Test+no.+1462+New+Zealand+in+India+Test+Series+%E2%80%93+1st+Test+India+v+New+Zealand+1999%2F00+season&rft.pub=Cricinfo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent-ind.cricinfo.com%2Fci%2Fengine%2Fmatch%2F66059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_200-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudarshan2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Sudarshan, N. (16 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/ksca-new-t20-tournament-maharaja-trophy-karnataka/article65647609.ece">"KSCA to organise Maharaja Trophy T20 cricket tournament"</a>. Sportstar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240309025556/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/ksca-new-t20-tournament-maharaja-trophy-karnataka/article65647609.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sportstar&rft.atitle=KSCA+to+organise+Maharaja+Trophy+T20+cricket+tournament&rft.date=2022-07-16&rft.aulast=Sudarshan&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsportstar.thehindu.com%2Fcricket%2Fdomestic%2Fksca-new-t20-tournament-maharaja-trophy-karnataka%2Farticle65647609.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prak-201"><a href="#cite_ref-prak_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070521084204/http://tatapadukoneacademy.com/faculty.asp">"Faculty"</a>. Online Webpage of the Tata Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy. 2007 TATA Padukone Badminton Academy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tatapadukoneacademy.com/faculty.asp">the original</a> on 21 May 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Webpage+of+the+Tata+Prakash+Padukone+Badminton+Academy&rft.atitle=Faculty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tatapadukoneacademy.com%2Ffaculty.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cue-202"><a href="#cite_ref-cue_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001064601/http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/12/stories/2005071204242000.htm">"Pankaj Advani is a phenomenon: Savur"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. 12 July 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/12/stories/2005071204242000.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pankaj+Advani+is+a+phenomenon%3A+Savur&rft.date=2005-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2005%2F07%2F12%2Fstories%2F2005071204242000.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510085455/http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/26/stories/2009052651250300.htm">"Front Page News: Friday, 16 July 2010"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. 26 May 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2009/05/26/stories/2009052651250300.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Front+Page+News%3A+Friday%2C+16+July+2010&rft.date=2009-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2009%2F05%2F26%2Fstories%2F2009052651250300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/58200/58280/58280_gol_gumbaz.htm">"Gol Gumbaz (Section)"</a>. etc.usf.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305183044/https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/58200/58280/58280_gol_gumbaz.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etc.usf.edu&rft.atitle=Gol+Gumbaz+%28Section%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetc.usf.edu%2Fclipart%2F58200%2F58280%2F58280_gol_gumbaz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGouder2019" class="citation news cs1">Gouder, Mahesh M (6 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/jun/06/vijayapura-rs-1-crore-sought-to-carry-out-work-on-gol-gumbaz-1986574.html">"Vijayapura: Rs 1 crore sought to carry out work on Gol Gumbaz"</a>. The New Indian Express. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305202716/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/jun/06/vijayapura-rs-1-crore-sought-to-carry-out-work-on-gol-gumbaz-1986574.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Vijayapura%3A+Rs+1+crore+sought+to+carry+out+work+on+Gol+Gumbaz&rft.date=2019-06-06&rft.aulast=Gouder&rft.aufirst=Mahesh+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fkarnataka%2F2019%2Fjun%2F06%2Fvijayapura-rs-1-crore-sought-to-carry-out-work-on-gol-gumbaz-1986574.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toptour-206"><a href="#cite_ref-toptour_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120855/http://www.blonnet.com/2002/02/15/stories/2002021500501200.htm">"Karnataka to turn on tourism charms"</a>. The Hindu Business Line. 15 February 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blonnet.com/2002/02/15/stories/2002021500501200.htm">the original</a> on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu+Business+Line.&rft.atitle=Karnataka+to+turn+on+tourism+charms&rft.date=2002-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blonnet.com%2F2002%2F02%2F15%2Fstories%2F2002021500501200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-protect-207"><a href="#cite_ref-protect_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808023916/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka.asp">"Alphabetical list of Monuments"</a>. Protected Monuments. Archaeological Survey of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka.asp">the original</a> on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Protected+Monuments&rft.atitle=Alphabetical+list+of+Monuments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasi.nic.in%2Fasi_monu_alphalist_karnataka.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-protected_monuments-208"><a href="#cite_ref-protected_monuments_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724023146/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/06/stories/2007010606360500.htm">"Plan to conserve heritage monuments, museums"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. 6 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/06/stories/2007010606360500.htm">the original</a> on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Plan+to+conserve+heritage+monuments%2C+museums&rft.date=2007-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2007%2F01%2F06%2Fstories%2F2007010606360500.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mp-209"><a href="#cite_ref-mp_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Krishna_Kumar2007" class="citation news cs1">R. Krishna Kumar (17 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017032724/http://hindu.com/2007/08/17/stories/2007081755371000.htm">"Mysore Palace beats Taj Mahal in popularity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/17/stories/2007081755371000.htm">the original</a> on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 31 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Mysore+Palace+beats+Taj+Mahal+in+popularity&rft.date=2007-08-17&rft.au=R.+Krishna+Kumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2007%2F08%2F17%2Fstories%2F2007081755371000.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-heritage-210"><a href="#cite_ref-heritage_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312061918/http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/25/stories/2004072501490300.htm">"Belur for World Heritage Status"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. Chennai, India. 25 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/25/stories/2004072501490300.htm">the original</a> on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 17 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Belur+for+World+Heritage+Status&rft.date=2004-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2004%2F07%2F25%2Fstories%2F2004072501490300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mono-211"><a href="#cite_ref-mono_211-0">^</a> Keay (2000), p. 324. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-212">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_212-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_212-1">b</a> Michael Bright, 1001 Natural Wonders of the World by Barrons Educational Series Inc., published by Quinted Inc., 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/the-drowning-church-123938">"The Drowning Church"</a>. Tribuneindia News Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195757/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/schools/the-drowning-church-123938">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribuneindia+News+Service&rft.atitle=The+Drowning+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fschools%2Fthe-drowning-church-123938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618070508/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr92005/arts11423200548.asp">"Karnataka's hotbed of Jain religion – Deccan Herald – Internet Edition"</a>. 18 June 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr92005/arts11423200548.asp">the original</a> on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karnataka%27s+hotbed+of+Jain+religion+%E2%80%93+Deccan+Herald+%E2%80%93+Internet+Edition&rft.date=2006-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fdeccanherald%2Fapr92005%2Farts11423200548.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-215"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_215-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929184911/http://www.blonnet.com/2004/11/24/stories/2004112402271700.htm">"Karnataka bets big on healthcare tourism"</a>. Online webpage of the Hindu Business Line, dated 2004-11-23. 2004, The Hindu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blonnet.com/2004/11/24/stories/2004112402271700.htm">the original</a> on 29 September 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+webpage+of+the+Hindu+Business+Line%2C+dated+2004-11-23&rft.atitle=Karnataka+bets+big+on+healthcare+tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blonnet.com%2F2004%2F11%2F24%2Fstories%2F2004112402271700.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_sources">General sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>John Keay, India: A History, 2000, Grove publications, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3797-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3797-0">0-8021-3797-0</a></li> <li>Suryanath U. Kamath, Concise history of Karnataka, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7796041">7796041</a></li> <li>Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1955). A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-560686-8">0-19-560686-8</a>.</li> <li>R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0303-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0303-6">81-206-0303-6</a>.</li> <li>K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vātāpi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13869730">13869730</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL3007052M">3007052M</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/84900575">84-900575</a>. . <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13869730">13869730</a>.</li> <li>Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the Early Medieval Period, AD 400–1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-250-2912-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-250-2912-5">81-250-2912-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltekar1934" class="citation book cs1">Altekar, Anant Sadashiv (1934). The Rashtrakutas and Their Times; Being a Political, Administrative, Religious, Social, Economic and Literary History of the Deccan During C. 750 A.D. to C. 1000 A.D. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3793499">3793499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rashtrakutas+and+Their+Times%3B+Being+a+Political%2C+Administrative%2C+Religious%2C+Social%2C+Economic+and+Literary+History+of+the+Deccan+During+C.+750+A.D.+to+C.+1000+A.D.&rft.place=Poona&rft.pub=Oriental+Book+Agency&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3793499&rft.aulast=Altekar&rft.aufirst=Anant+Sadashiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasica1991" class="citation book cs1">Masica, Colin P. (1991) [1991]. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29944-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29944-2"><bdi>978-0-521-29944-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29944-2&rft.aulast=Masica&rft.aufirst=Colin+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousens,_Henry1996" class="citation book cs1">Cousens, Henry (1996) [1926]. The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese District. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37526233">37526233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chalukyan+Architecture+of+Kanarese+District&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37526233&rft.au=Cousens%2C+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKarnataka" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, A History of India, fourth edition, Routledge, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-32919-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-32919-1">0-415-32919-1</a></li> <li>Foekema, Gerard [2003] (2003). Architecture Decorated with Architecture: Later Medieval Temples of Karnataka, 1000–1300 AD. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-215-1089-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-215-1089-9">81-215-1089-9</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karnataka.gov.in">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karnatakatourism.org/">Official tourism site</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>General information</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=Karnataka">Karnataka</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312566">Karnataka</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Karnataka" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Karnataka">Wikimedia Atlas of Karnataka</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2019939">Karnataka</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Karnataka at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Karnataka" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Karnataka">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Karnataka" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Karnataka">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Karnataka" class="extiw" title="q:Karnataka">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Karnataka" class="extiw" title="voy:Karnataka">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/21px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/32px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/42px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="kn:">Kannada edition</a> of Wikipedia</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Karnataka117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Karnataka" title="Template:Languages of Karnataka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Languages_of_Karnataka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Languages of Karnataka (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Karnataka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Karnataka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Karnataka117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Languages of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribal languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravula_language" title="Ravula language">Ravula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraga_language" title="Koraga language">Koraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudiya_language" title="Kudiya language">Kudiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurumba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurumba language">Kurumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennu_Kurumba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennu Kurumba language">Jennu Kurumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alu_Kurumba_language" title="Alu Kurumba language">Alu Kurumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betta_Kurumba_language" title="Betta Kurumba language">Betta Kurumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sholaga_language" title="Sholaga language">Sholaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellari_language" title="Bellari language">Bellari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">Languages of South Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Languages of Karnataka">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka806" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Karnataka_topics" title="Template talk:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Karnataka topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;Seal_of_Karnataka_State_of_Karnataka806" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Karnataka,_India.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Karnataka"><img alt="Seal of Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/25px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/38px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/50px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_state_symbols" title="List of Karnataka state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">Fruit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Hypselobarbus_carnaticus" title="Hypselobarbus carnaticus">Carnatic carp</a></li> <li>Insect: <a href="/wiki/Troides_minos" title="Troides minos">Southern birdwing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka" title="Category:Karnataka">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Climate">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Karnataka" title="Category:History of Karnataka">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balligavi" title="Balligavi">Balligavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Chitradurga" title="Nayakas of Chitradurga">Chitradurga Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvinita" title="Durvinita">Durvinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Coorg" title="Kingdom of Coorg">Kingdom of Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Kalyani Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Keladi Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_Empire" title="Rashtrakuta Empire">Rashtrakuta Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Karnataka" title="Administrative divisions of Karnataka">divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_division" title="Belagavi division">Belagavi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalaburagi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballari_district" title="Ballari district">Ballari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadgir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada">Dakshina Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Rivers of Karnataka">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">Taluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Villages in Karnataka">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Culture of Karnataka">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channapatna_toys" title="Channapatna toys">Channapatna toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilkal sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Karnatik music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_milestones_in_Kannada_literature" title="List of milestones in Kannada literature">Milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of epics in the Kannada language">Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kannada_literature" title="Medieval Kannada literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_literature" title="Rashtrakuta literature">Rashtrakuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_literature" title="Western Ganga literature">Western Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada" title="Vijayanagara literature in Kannada">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yakshagana_plays_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Sammelana" title="Kannada Sahitya Sammelana">Kannada Sahitya Sammelana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_literature" title="List of Karnataka literature">Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_poets" title="Category:Kannada poets">Noted poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaga" title="Asaga">Asaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunavarma_I" title="Gunavarma I">Gunavarma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponna_(poet)" title="Ponna (poet)">Sri Ponna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Dasimayya" title="Devar Dasimayya">Devar Dasimayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrabhatta" title="Rudrabhatta">Rudrabhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarasa" title="Chamarasa">Chamarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaguna_Shivayogi" title="Nijaguna Shivayogi">Nijaguna Shivayogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakaravarni" title="Ratnakaravarni">Ratnakaravarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Bendre" title="D. R. Bendre">D. R. Bendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Seetharamaiah" title="V. Seetharamaiah">V. Seetharamaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M. Govinda Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karnataka" title="Category:People from Karnataka">People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka_society" title="Category:Karnataka society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Dams in Karnataka">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Forts in Karnataka">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Karnataka" title="Category:National parks in Karnataka">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Jain temples in Karnataka">Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_awards_and_decorations_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa_Award" title="Pampa Award">Pampa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrupatunga_Award" title="Nrupatunga Award">Nrupatunga Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Puraskara" title="Basava Puraskara">Basava Puraskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Rajyotsava Prashasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakanachari_Award" title="Jakanachari Award">Jakanachari Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnashilpi_Venkatappa_Award" title="Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award">Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Award" title="Kempegowda Award">Kempegowda Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in 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