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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Surrender of Granada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrender_of_Granada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exile</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exile subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Letter_to_the_Marinid_Sultan_of_Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letter_to_the_Marinid_Sultan_of_Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Letter to the Marinid Sultan of Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letter_to_the_Marinid_Sultan_of_Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_African_exile_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_African_exile_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>North African exile and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_African_exile_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammad_XII_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammad_XII_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Muhammad XII in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammad_XII_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad XII of Granada</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil_Granadan" title="Boabdil Granadan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Boabdil Granadan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d_%C9%99bu_Abdullah" title="XII Məhəmməd əbu Abdullah – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XII Məhəmməd əbu Abdullah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE)" title="বোয়াব্দিল (গ্রানাডা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোয়াব্দিল (গ্রানাডা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_XII_(%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Мухамад XII (Гранада) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мухамад XII (Гранада)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed_XII" title="Muhamed XII – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Muhamed XII" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muh%C3%A0mmad_XII" title="Muhàmmad XII – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muhàmmad XII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_XII." title="Muhammad XII. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Muhammad XII." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_XII._(Granada)" title="Muhammad XII. (Granada) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muhammad XII. (Granada)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdilo" title="Boabdilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Boabdilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil_Gaztea" title="Boabdil Gaztea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boabdil Gaztea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamad_XII" title="Mahamad XII – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mahamad XII" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_XII_de_Granada" title="Muhammad XII de Granada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Muhammad XII de Granada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_XII_dari_Granada" title="Muhammad XII dari Granada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad XII dari Granada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil_di_Granada" title="Boabdil di Granada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boabdil di Granada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahometus_XII_(Granata)" title="Mahometus XII (Granata) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mahometus XII (Granata)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdils" title="Boabdils – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Boabdils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ابو عبد الله محمد التناشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابو عبد الله محمد التناشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_XII_dari_Granada" title="Muhammad XII dari Granada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad XII dari Granada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Abu_Abdallah" title="Mohammed Abu Abdallah – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed Abu Abdallah" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB" title="ボアブディル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボアブディル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="ابو عبد اللہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابو عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_XII" title="Muhammad XII – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muhammad XII" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil" title="Boabdil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boabdil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Боабдиль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боабдиль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81" title="ابو عبد اللہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ابو عبد اللہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Боабдил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Боабдил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boabdil_av_Granada" title="Boabdil av Granada – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boabdil av Granada" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._Muhammed" title="XII. Muhammed – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="XII. Muhammed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_XII" title="Мухаммад XII – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мухаммад XII" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%81%D9%85" title="ابو عبد اللہ محمد دواز دہم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابو عبد اللہ محمد دواز دہم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Muhammad XII</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Sultan</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Muhammad_XII_of_Granada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by anonymous, 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Private_collection" title="Private collection">private collection</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Sultan of Granada</a><br />1st reign</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1482–1483</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada">Abu l-Hasan Ali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada">Abu l-Hasan Ali</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd reign</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1487 – 2 January 1492</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XIII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad XIII of Granada">Muhammad XIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Granada_War" title="Granada War">Position abolished</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1460<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1533 (aged 72–73)<sup id="cite_ref-maqri_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Fes,_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes, Morocco">Fes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wattasid_dynasty" title="Wattasid dynasty">Kingdom of Fez</a><sup id="cite_ref-maqri_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Morayma" title="Morayma">Morayma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ahmed<br />Aixa (Sor Isabel de Granada)<br />Yusef</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Abu ʿAbdallah Muhammad XII<br />(Arabic: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر</span></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Nasrid dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada">Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aixa" title="Aixa">Aixa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو عبد الله محمد الثاني عشر</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Abū ʿAbdi-llāh Muḥammad ath-thānī ʿashar</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1460</span>–1533), known in Europe as <b>Boabdil</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the 22nd and last <a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Nasrid</a> ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sultan">Sultan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sultan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_(52342835139).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_%2852342835139%29.jpg/220px-Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_%2852342835139%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_%2852342835139%29.jpg/330px-Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_%2852342835139%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_%2852342835139%29.jpg/440px-Dobla_de_Muhammad_XII_%2852342835139%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">Gold dinar</a> of Muhammad XII</figcaption></figure> <p>Muhammad XII was the son of <a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada">Abu l-Hasan Ali</a>, Sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a> whom he succeeded in 1482,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result of both court intrigue and unrest amongst the population at large.<sup id="cite_ref-Draysonp11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draysonp11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammad XII soon sought to gain prestige by invading <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>, but was taken prisoner at <a href="/wiki/Lucena,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Lucena, Córdoba">Lucena</a> in 1483.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad's father was then restored as ruler of Granada, to be replaced in 1485 by his uncle <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XIII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad XIII of Granada">Muhammad XIII</a>, also known as Abdullah ez Zagal. </p><p>Muhammad obtained his freedom and Christian support to recover his throne in 1487, by consenting to hold Granada as a <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">tributary kingdom</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic monarchs">Catholic monarchs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further undertook not to intervene in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_M%C3%A1laga_(1487)" title="Siege of Málaga (1487)">Siege of Málaga</a>, in which Málaga was taken by the Christians. </p><p>Following the fall of Málaga and <a href="/wiki/Baza,_Granada" title="Baza, Granada">Baza</a> in 1487, <a href="/wiki/Almu%C3%B1%C3%A9car" title="Almuñécar">Almuñécar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salobre%C3%B1a" title="Salobreña">Salobreña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a> were taken by the Christians the following year. By the beginning of 1491, <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> was the only Muslim-governed city in Iberia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surrender_of_Granada">Surrender of Granada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Surrender of Granada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Granada_War" title="Granada War">Granada War</a></div> <p>In 1491, Muhammad XII was summoned by <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> to surrender the city of Granada, which was besieged by the Castilians. Eventually, on 2 January 1492, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Granada_(1491)" title="Treaty of Granada (1491)">Granada was surrendered</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal procession moved from <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_Granada" title="Santa Fe, Granada">Santa Fe</a> to a place a little more than a mile from Granada, where Ferdinand took up his position by the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Genil" title="Genil">Genil</a>. A private letter written by an eyewitness to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Le%C3%B3n_in_Spain" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of León in Spain">Bishop of León</a> only six days after the event recorded the scene:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg/329px-La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="329" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg/494px-La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg/658px-La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8133" data-file-height="5210" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Granada" title="The Surrender of Granada">The Capitulation of Granada</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pradilla_Ortiz" title="Francisco Pradilla Ortiz">Francisco Pradilla Ortiz</a>, 1882: Muhammad XII surrenders to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Ferdinand and Isabella</a></figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p> The Moorish sultan, with about eighty or a hundred on horseback and very well dressed, went forth to kiss the hand of their Highnesses. According to the final capitulation the key to Granada will pass into Spanish hands without Muhammad XII having to kiss the hands of Los Reyes, as the Spanish royal couple Isabella and Fernando became known. The <a href="/wiki/Aixa" title="Aixa">indomitable mother</a> of Muhammad XII insisted on sparing her son this final humiliation of kissing the hand of Isabella.</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> seems to have been present; he refers to the surrender:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>After your Highnesses ended the war of the Moors who reigned in Europe, and finished the war of the great city of Granada, where this present year 1492 on the 2nd January I saw the royal banners of Your Highnesses planted by force of arms on the towers of the Alhambra.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile">Exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg/220px-Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg/330px-Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg/440px-Boabdil-el-Chico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption><i>The Farewells of King Boabdil at Granada</i> (<i>Les Adieux du roi Boabdil à Grenade</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dehodencq" title="Alfred Dehodencq">Alfred Dehodencq</a> (1822–1882).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg/170px-Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg/255px-Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg/340px-Sword_of_Boabdil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1851" data-file-height="2863" /></a><figcaption>Sword of Boabdil, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_Cluny" title="Musée de Cluny">Musée de Cluny</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Legend has it that as Muhammad XII went into exile, he reached a rocky prominence which gave a last view of the city. Here he reined in his horse and viewed for the last time the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a> and the green valley that spread below. The place where this allegedly took place is today known as the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_del_Suspiro_del_Moro" title="Puerto del Suspiro del Moro">Suspiro del Moro</a>, "the Moor's sigh". Muhammad mourned his loss, and continued his journey to exile accompanied by his mother—who is supposed to have snapped, "Cry like a woman over what you couldn't defend like a man."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muhammad XII was given an estate in <a href="/wiki/Laujar_de_Andarax" title="Laujar de Andarax">Laujar de Andarax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpujarras" title="Alpujarras">Las Alpujarras</a>, a mountainous area between the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(Spain)" title="Sierra Nevada (Spain)">Sierra Nevada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. He crossed the Mediterranean in exile, departing in October 1493 from <a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a> and landing in <a href="/wiki/Cazaza" title="Cazaza">Cazaza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He settled in <a href="/wiki/Fes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes">Fes</a>, accompanied by an entourage of 1,130 courtiers and servants. Large numbers of the Muslim population of Granada had already fled to North Africa, taking advantage of a clause in the articles of surrender that permitted free passage.<sup id="cite_ref-Draysonp11_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Draysonp11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letter_to_the_Marinid_Sultan_of_Morocco">Letter to the Marinid Sultan of Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Letter to the Marinid Sultan of Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after his surrender, Muhammad Boabdil sent a long letter to the <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> rulers of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> asking for refuge. The letter begins with a long poem praising the <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinids</a>, followed by a prose passage where he laments his defeat and asks forgiveness for past wrongdoings of his forefathers against the Marinids. The entire text was reported by <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari">al-Maqqari</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-maqri2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...The lord of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> has proposed for us a respectable residence and has given us assurances of safety to which he pledged by his own handwriting, enough to convince the souls. But we, as descendants of <a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Banu al-Ahmar</a>, didn't settle for this and our faith in God does not permit us to reside under the protection of disbelief. We also received from the east many letters full of goodwill, inviting us to come to their lands and offering the best of advantages. But we cannot choose other than our home and the home of our forefathers, we can only accept the protection of our relatives, not because of opportunism but to confirm the brotherhood relationship between us and to fulfill the testament of our forefathers, that tells us not to seek any help other than that of the <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinids</a> and not to let anything obstruct us from going to you. So we traversed the vast lands and sailed the tumultuous sea and we hope that we would not be returned and that our eyes will be satisfied and our hurt and grievous souls will be healed from this great pain... — Muhamad Abu Abdallah<sup id="cite_ref-maqri2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_African_exile_and_death">North African exile and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: North African exile and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 17th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari">Al-Maqqari</a> wrote that Muhammad XII crossed the Mediterranean to <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> then went to Fes where he built a palace. He stayed there until his death in 1518 or 1533.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maqri_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is said to have been buried in a <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Sidi_Bel_Kacem" title="Tomb of Sidi Bel Kacem">small domed tomb</a> near a <i><a href="/wiki/Musalla" title="Musalla">musalla</a></i> (place of prayer), located outside of <a href="/wiki/Bab_Mahrouk" title="Bab Mahrouk">Bab Mahrouk</a> in Fes.<sup id="cite_ref-maqri_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad XII was survived by two sons; Yusef and Ahmed.<sup id="cite_ref-maqri_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maqqari">Al-Maqqari</a> met with his descendants in 1618 in Fes; they lived in a state of poverty and relied on the <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maqri_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alternative final resting place for Muhammad XII is suggested by the late nineteenth century Arabist M.C. Brosselard, who translated a lengthy prescription in Andalusian script on a three-foot long onyx slab held in the town museum of <a href="/wiki/Tlemcen" title="Tlemcen">Tlemcen</a>. This epitaph marked the tomb of the exiled king <i>our lord Abu-Abdullah</i> who died in Tlemcen in May 1494, aged thirty-four. The conflict between places and dates of death may arise from confusion between Muhammad XII and his uncle El Zagal, who also died in North African exile.<sup id="cite_ref-Drayson7_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drayson7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spanish chronicler <a href="/wiki/Luis_del_M%C3%A1rmol_Carvajal" title="Luis del Mármol Carvajal">Luis del Mármol Carvajal</a> wrote "Muhammad XII died near the Oued el Assouad (Black River) at ford told Waqûba during the war between the <a href="/wiki/Marinids" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinids">Marinids</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadians">Saadians</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placing his death in 1536.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This source is also taken by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_de_Ch%C3%A9nier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis de Chénier (page does not exist)">Louis de Chénier</a>, a diplomat of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> of France, in his <i>Historical research on the Moors and History of the Empire of Morocco</i> published in Paris in 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammad_XII_in_popular_culture">Muhammad XII in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Muhammad XII in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg/170px-Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg/255px-Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg/340px-Washington_Irving_Memorial_Irvington_Boabdil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="4071" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Boabdil at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving_Memorial" title="Washington Irving Memorial">Washington Irving Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>He is a main character in <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conquest_of_Granada" title="The Conquest of Granada">The Conquest of Granada</a></i>, a heroic drama in two parts, 1672.</li> <li>He is mentioned often by <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_the_Alhambra" title="Tales of the Alhambra">Tales of the Alhambra</a></i> (1832), particularly in the chapter "Mementos of Boabdil."</li> <li>He was the subject of the three-act opera <i>Boabdil, der letzte Maurenkönig</i>, Op. 49, written in 1892 by the Jewish-German-Polish composer <a href="/wiki/Moritz_Moszkowski" title="Moritz Moszkowski">Moritz Moszkowski</a>.</li> <li>Spanish composer <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Cassad%C3%B3" title="Gaspar Cassadó">Gaspar Cassadó</a> wrote the <i>Lamento de Boabdil</i> for cello and piano, in memory of the king.</li> <li>Spanish composer <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3n_Garc%C3%ADa_Abril" title="Antón García Abril">Antón García Abril</a> wrote the 'Elegía a la pérdida de la Alhambra' from his song cycle <i>Canciones del Jardin Secreto</i> for voice and piano; it is set to text (in Andalusian Arabic) that is attributed to Boabdil, in which he laments the loss of the Alhambra.</li> <li>Abu Abdallah appears as the main character in <i>"De Ongelukkige"</i> published in 1915 by Dutch author <a href="/wiki/Louis_Couperus" title="Louis Couperus">Louis Couperus</a>. This novel covers the last decade of Abu Abdallah's reign as ruler of the Emirate of Granada.</li> <li>In the 1931 anthology <i><a href="/wiki/If_It_Had_Happened_Otherwise" title="If It Had Happened Otherwise">If It Had Happened Otherwise</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternate history</a> scenario "If the Moors in Spain Had Won" by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Guedalla" title="Philip Guedalla">Philip Guedalla</a> has the premise of Boabdil winning the war against the Spanish, and his kingdom persisting into the 20th century.</li> <li>He figures in the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_II:_Discovery" title="Assassin's Creed II: Discovery">Assassin's Creed II: Discovery</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a>, as an ally of the Assassins.</li> <li>He is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Khalid_Abdalla" title="Khalid Abdalla">Khalid Abdalla</a> in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_(film)" title="Assassin's Creed (film)">Assassin's Creed</a></i> (2016).</li> <li>Andalusian singer-songwriter and poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Cano_(singer-songwriter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Cano (singer-songwriter) (page does not exist)">Carlos Cano</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Cano" class="extiw" title="es:Carlos Cano">es</a>]</span> dedicated a song to Muhammad XII in his album <i>Crónicas Granadinas</i>, entitled <i>Caída del Rey Chico</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>'s book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Moor%27s_Last_Sigh" title="The Moor's Last Sigh">The Moor's Last Sigh</a></i>, also features consistent references to Muhammad XII.</li> <li>He appears as a character in <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Africanus_(novel)" title="Leo Africanus (novel)">Leo Africanus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Fou_d%27Elsa" title="Le Fou d'Elsa">Le Fou d'Elsa</a></i> renders a dramatized and poetic version of the story of Granada's capture, which includes Muhammad XII as one of the two main characters present in the novel, (<a href="/wiki/Majnun" class="mw-redirect" title="Majnun">Majnun</a> being the other. <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Triolet" title="Elsa Triolet">Elsa</a>, whom it could be argued is the second major character, is absent from the book.).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">Pakistan Television Corporation</a> (PTV) produced a drama in 1980, based on the novel "<a href="/wiki/Shaheen_(novel)" title="Shaheen (novel)">Shaheen</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Nasim_Hijazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasim Hijazi">Nasim Hijazi</a>. In this drama Abu Abdullah Mohammad XII was played by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shakeel_Ahmed_(actor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shakeel Ahmed (actor) (page does not exist)">Shakeel Ahmed</a>.</li> <li>Also in 1980 (22 November until 7 February 1981), he appeared in the comics supplement to the Portuguese newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/A_Capital" title="A Capital">A Capital</a></i> in a 12-page comics story on the conquest of Granada with Boabdil as the main character, <i>Luz do Oriente</i> ("Light of the Orient"). The script was by <a href="/wiki/Popular_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular literature">popular literature</a> writer and bookman Jorge Magalhães and the drawing was by Portuguese-Guinean sculptor, painter and comic book artist Augusto Trigo.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Boabdil appeared as main character in the Spanish eight-episode serial <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Requiem_por_Granada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Requiem por Granada (page does not exist)">Requiem por Granada</a></i> (1991). In this serial, he was played by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bandera" title="Manuel Bandera">Manuel Bandera</a>. Young Boabdil was played by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucas_Mart%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucas Martín (page does not exist)">Lucas Martín</a>.</li> <li>Boabdil appeared as a main character in season two of the Spanish TV Series <i><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(TV_series)" title="Isabel (TV series)">Isabel</a></i> (2013). In this show, he was played by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lex_Mart%C3%ADnez_(actor)" title="Álex Martínez (actor)">Álex Martínez</a>.</li> <li>He appeared as a main character in the novel <i>Court of Lions</i> (2017) by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Johnson_(writer)" title="Jane Johnson (writer)">Jane Johnson</a>.</li> <li>He appears as a character in <a href="/wiki/G._Willow_Wilson" title="G. Willow Wilson">G. Willow Wilson</a>’s novel, <i>The Bird King</i> (2019), which is set during 1491 and the arrival of the Spanish Inquisition. The protagonist Fatima is his concubine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Mackey" title="Nathaniel Mackey">Nathaniel Mackey</a>'s poem "Sigh of the Moor" in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Splay_Anthem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Splay Anthem (page does not exist)">Splay Anthem</a></i> is built around the motif of Boabdil’s abdication.</li> <li>Keith Bradbury's novel "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Let_the_Dead_Hold_Your_Hand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Let the Dead Hold Your Hand (page does not exist)">Let the Dead Hold Your Hand</a>" features the story of Boabdil and the search to find his final resting place.</li> <li>He appears in <i>The Queen’s Vow</i>, a novel of Isabella of Castile by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Willis_Gortner" title="Christopher Willis Gortner">C.W. Gortner</a>.</li> <li>He appears in the <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a> short story "Das Sanctus" (or "The Sanctus") as the antagonist.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lucena" title="Battle of Lucena">Battle of Lucena</a>, the capture of Muhammad XII of Granada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Andalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Andalus">Al Andalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Granada">Treaty of Granada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple dates and locations are suggested in different sources. See article for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spanish rendering of the name <i>Abu Abdallah</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2020" class="citation book cs1">Morrow, John Andrew (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EWQOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA279"><i>Shi‘ism in the Maghrib and al-Andalus, Volume One: History</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-6284-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-6284-4"><bdi>978-1-5275-6284-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shi%E2%80%98ism+in+the+Maghrib+and+al-Andalus%2C+Volume+One%3A+History&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-6284-4&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=John+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEWQOEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCivantos2017" class="citation book cs1">Civantos, Christina (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GO0_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166"><i>The Afterlife of al-Andalus: Muslim Iberia in Contemporary Arab and Hispanic Narratives</i></a>. State University of New York Press. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-6671-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-6671-2"><bdi>978-1-4384-6671-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Afterlife+of+al-Andalus%3A+Muslim+Iberia+in+Contemporary+Arab+and+Hispanic+Narratives&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-6671-2&rft.aulast=Civantos&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGO0_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maqri-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maqri_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maqri_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maqri_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maqri_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maqri_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maqri_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"نفح الطيب من غصن الاندلس الرطيب" p. 1317. احمد المقري المغربي المالكي الاشعري</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Boabdil"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Boabdil">"Boabdil" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Boabdil&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=94&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Draysonp11-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Draysonp11_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Draysonp11_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrayson2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Drayson" title="Elizabeth Drayson">Drayson, Elizabeth</a> (30 April 2017). <i>The Moor's Last Stand How Seven Centuries of Muslim Rule in Spain Came to an End</i> (First ed.). Northampton, MA. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-004-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-004-7"><bdi>978-1-56656-004-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/969827670">969827670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Moor%27s+Last+Stand+How+Seven+Centuries+of+Muslim+Rule+in+Spain+Came+to+an+End&rft.place=Northampton%2C+MA&rft.pages=11&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F969827670&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-004-7&rft.aulast=Drayson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsonBourneJohn_Boyd_Thacher_Collection_(Library_of_Congress)_DLC1906" class="citation book cs1">Olson, Julius E.; Bourne, Edward Gaylord; John Boyd Thacher Collection (Library of Congress) DLC (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northmencolumbus00olso/page/89/mode/1up"><i>The Northmen, Columbus, and Cabot, 985–1503</i></a>. The Library of Congress. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northmen%2C+Columbus%2C+and+Cabot%2C+985%E2%80%931503&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=New+York+%3A+Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Julius+E.&rft.au=Bourne%2C+Edward+Gaylord&rft.au=John+Boyd+Thacher+Collection+%28Library+of+Congress%29+DLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthmencolumbus00olso%2Fpage%2F89%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223202320/http://personal.telefonica.terra.es/web/medicina/suspiroDelMoro.html">"el Suspiro del Moro"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personal.telefonica.terra.es/web/medicina/suspiroDelMoro.html">the original</a> on 23 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=el+Suspiro+del+Moro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpersonal.telefonica.terra.es%2Fweb%2Fmedicina%2FsuspiroDelMoro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGozalbes_Cravioto2008" class="citation journal cs1">Gozalbes Cravioto, Enrique (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rodin.uca.es/xmlui/handle/10498/8018">"Notas sobre Cazaza, puerto de Fez y fortaleza española (1506–1533)"</a>. <i>Al-Andalus Magreb: Estudios árabes e islámicos</i> (15): 136. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1133-8571">1133-8571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Andalus+Magreb%3A+Estudios+%C3%A1rabes+e+isl%C3%A1micos&rft.atitle=Notas+sobre+Cazaza%2C+puerto+de+Fez+y+fortaleza+espa%C3%B1ola+%281506%E2%80%931533%29&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=136&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1133-8571&rft.aulast=Gozalbes+Cravioto&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frodin.uca.es%2Fxmlui%2Fhandle%2F10498%2F8018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBravo2004" class="citation book cs1">Bravo, Antonio (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abravo.es/publicaciones/Melilla%20en%20la%20politica%20africana%20de%20los%20Reyes%20Catolicos.pdf">"Melilla en la política africana de los Reyes Católicos"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>El Gran Capitán y la Historia de los Reyes Católicos</i>. Exposición El Gran Capitán y la España de los Reyes Católicos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-607-9984-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-607-9984-0"><bdi>84-607-9984-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Melilla+en+la+pol%C3%ADtica+africana+de+los+Reyes+Cat%C3%B3licos&rft.btitle=El+Gran+Capit%C3%A1n+y+la+Historia+de+los+Reyes+Cat%C3%B3licos&rft.pub=Exposici%C3%B3n+El+Gran+Capit%C3%A1n+y+la+Espa%C3%B1a+de+los+Reyes+Cat%C3%B3licos&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=84-607-9984-0&rft.aulast=Bravo&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abravo.es%2Fpublicaciones%2FMelilla%2520en%2520la%2520politica%2520africana%2520de%2520los%2520Reyes%2520Catolicos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maqri2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maqri2_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maqri2_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"نفح الطيب من غصن الاندلس الرطيب" p. 1325. احمد المقري المغربي المالكي الاشعري</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1992" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Leonard Patrick (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=td3tcLWvSNkC&pg=PA327"><i>Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 327. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-31962-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-31962-8"><bdi>0-226-31962-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Spain%2C+1250+to+1500&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=327&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-226-31962-8&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Leonard+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtd3tcLWvSNkC%26pg%3DPA327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drayson7-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drayson7_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrayson2017" class="citation book cs1">Drayson, Elizabeth (30 April 2017). "7". <i>The Moor's Last Stand: How Seven Centuries of Muslim Rule in Spain Came to an End</i> (First ed.). Northampton, MA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-004-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-004-7"><bdi>978-1-56656-004-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/969827670">969827670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7&rft.btitle=The+Moor%27s+Last+Stand%3A+How+Seven+Centuries+of+Muslim+Rule+in+Spain+Came+to+an+End&rft.place=Northampton%2C+MA&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F969827670&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-004-7&rft.aulast=Drayson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j1wPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA341">Recherches historiques sur les Maures, et histoire de l'empire de Maroc, Volume 2</a></i>, p. 341, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wjAQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA303">Volume 3</a></i>, p. 303, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Quadradinhos</i>, II series, number 26 (22 November 1980) to 37 (7 February 1981), newspaper <i>A Capital</i>. Published in book-form as <i>Luz do Oriente</i>, <i>Editorial Futura</i>, Lisbon, 1986</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_XII_of_Granada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatlos2018" class="citation book cs1">Catlos, Brian A. (2018). <i>Kingdoms of Faith: a New History of Islamic Spain</i>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-05587-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-05587-6"><bdi>978-0-465-05587-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdoms+of+Faith%3A+a+New+History+of+Islamic+Spain&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-465-05587-6&rft.aulast=Catlos&rft.aufirst=Brian+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaqqarī1840–1843" class="citation book cs1">Maqqarī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad (1840–1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofthemoha032395mbp"><i>The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain</i></a>. Vol. 2. Translated by Gayangos, Pascual de. London: W.H. Allen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Mohammedan+Dynasties+in+Spain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.H.+Allen&rft.date=1840%2F1843&rft.aulast=Maqqar%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=A%E1%B8%A5mad+ibn+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofthemoha032395mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuhammad+XII+of+Granada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Muhammad XII of Granada </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Nasrid_dynasty" title="Nasrid dynasty">Nasrid dynasty</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Banu Khazraj</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 1460?</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 1533?</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada">Abu l-Hasan Ali</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Sultan of Granada</a> </b><br />1482–1483 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abu_l-Hasan_Ali,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada">Abu l-Hasan Ali</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XIII,_Sultan_of_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad XIII, Sultan of Granada">Muhammad XIII</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Sultan of Granada</a> </b><br />1487–1492 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Granada captured by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Castile</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Granadan_monarchs" title="Template talk:Granadan monarchs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Granadan_monarchs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Granadan monarchs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Granada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Monarchs of <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Granada" title="Taifa of Granada">Taifa of Granada</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1013–1090)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zawi_ibn_Ziri" title="Zawi ibn Ziri">Zawi ibn Ziri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habbus_al-Muzaffar" title="Habbus al-Muzaffar">Habbus al-Muzaffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badis_ibn_Habus" title="Badis ibn Habus">Badis ibn Habus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Buluggin" title="Abdallah ibn Buluggin">Abdallah ibn Buluggin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_(modern_emblazonment).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the Nasrid dynasty"><img alt="Arms of the Nasrid dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_%28modern_emblazonment%29.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_%28modern_emblazonment%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_%28modern_emblazonment%29.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_%28modern_emblazonment%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_%28modern_emblazonment%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Nasrid_Granada_%28modern_emblazonment%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="688" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Emirate of Granada</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1238–1492)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_of_Granada" title="Muhammad I of Granada">Muhammad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Granada" title="Muhammad II of Granada">Muhammad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_Granada" title="Muhammad III of Granada">Muhammad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_of_Granada" title="Nasr of Granada">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_I_of_Granada" title="Ismail I of Granada">Ismail I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IV_of_Granada" title="Muhammad IV of Granada">Muhammad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_I_of_Granada" title="Yusuf I of Granada">Yusuf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_V_of_Granada" title="Muhammad V of Granada">Muhammad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_II_of_Granada" title="Ismail II of Granada">Ismail II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_VI_of_Granada" title="Muhammad VI of Granada">Muhammad VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_V_of_Granada" title="Muhammad V of Granada">Muhammad V <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_II_of_Granada" title="Yusuf II of Granada">Yusuf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_VII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad VII of Granada">Muhammad VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_III_of_Granada" title="Yusuf III of Granada">Yusuf III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_VIII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad VIII of Granada">Muhammad VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IX_of_Granada" title="Muhammad IX of Granada">Muhammad IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_VIII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad VIII of Granada">Muhammad VIII <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IX_of_Granada" title="Muhammad IX of Granada">Muhammad IX <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_IV_of_Granada" title="Yusuf IV of Granada">Yusuf IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IX_of_Granada" title="Muhammad IX of Granada">Muhammad IX <span style="font-size:85%;">(3rd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_X_of_Granada" title="Muhammad X of Granada">Muhammad X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_V_of_Granada" title="Yusuf V of Granada">Yusuf V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_X_of_Granada" title="Muhammad X of Granada">Muhammad X <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_IX_of_Granada" title="Muhammad IX of Granada">Muhammad IX <span style="font-size:85%;">(4th reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XI_of_Granada" title="Muhammad XI of Granada">Muhammad XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nasr_Sa%27d_of_Granada" title="Abu Nasr Sa'd of Granada">Abu Nasr Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_V_of_Granada" title="Yusuf V of Granada">Yusuf V <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nasr_Sa%27d_of_Granada" title="Abu Nasr Sa'd of Granada">Abu Nasr Sa'd <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Ali_of_Granada" title="Abu'l-Hasan Ali of Granada">Abu'l-Hasan Ali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Ali_of_Granada" title="Abu'l-Hasan Ali of Granada">Abu'l-Hasan Ali <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XIII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad XIII of Granada">Muhammad XIII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muhammad XII <span style="font-size:85%;">(2nd reign)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312763#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312763#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000046485526">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41494347">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3476152744524927850006">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1808622/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjFDTxDJgtxj3T8Cp7HtJC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119179989">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001063339">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1268180">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007289473705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/c10bb51b-52c5-4ffe-aa88-37ee6d48638c">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035053720">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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