CINXE.COM
Department of Psychology
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" class="hb-has-animation-enhancements hc-pairing-cardinal no-js"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZYJ5DE880E"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-ZYJ5DE880E", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});gtag("config", "G-LMBT0GR7DR", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location","allow_ad_personalization_signals":false});</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/sites/psychology/files/styles/large/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?itok=SzBlxt61" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="76x76" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/stanford_basic/img/touch-icons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://psychology.stanford.edu/sites/psychology/files/styles/large/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?itok=SzBlxt61" /> <meta property="og:image:url" content="https://psychology.stanford.edu/sites/psychology/files/styles/large/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?itok=SzBlxt61" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/favicon-128.png" sizes="128x128" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#ffffff"> <meta name="application-name" content="Stanford University"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/mstile-70x70.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://www-media.stanford.edu/assets/favicon/mstile-310x310.png" /> <title>Department of Psychology</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/psychology/files/css/css_Cd62RQmhsZPr4H97iJImnz4lPrtALl8JBY2Tag_RUGw.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=humsci_colorful&include=eJxNj1GOwyAMRC-E4EiWA05w6wDCRt3s6Uua3bZ_fmPpaQZVyYDLjaLVHqKqz5wIEgkZQcONINZi9GMDBYTL3a2T8UFadwpft3_QcqI6PdRoDwsquTx2jTwdUvs65Aqn7TSF1EdD8X_o1LCstSfYKTGGxNoED3fRymLUfcRmXItr2HHr2LL-Wz6JH6WNRVgzJZcV3h-wo5GGGc0-MiefpknnPMBOGL7BLYK_R5CKicvmVDjeX_2fQDt6BQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.5.2/css/all.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/psychology/files/css/css_CWzDFZ6qMOChbc7pccLz4sH2wgl9kQSIhcRLh_Dm_Y4.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=humsci_colorful&include=eJxNj1GOwyAMRC-E4EiWA05w6wDCRt3s6Uua3bZ_fmPpaQZVyYDLjaLVHqKqz5wIEgkZQcONINZi9GMDBYTL3a2T8UFadwpft3_QcqI6PdRoDwsquTx2jTwdUvs65Aqn7TSF1EdD8X_o1LCstSfYKTGGxNoED3fRymLUfcRmXItr2HHr2LL-Wz6JH6WNRVgzJZcV3h-wo5GGGc0-MiefpknnPMBOGL7BLYK_R5CKicvmVDjeX_2fQDt6BQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/psychology/files/css/css_-2ZOR-mB97FNl6293go3M3ZiOsqngsc2SlOohCMJ6Ws.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=humsci_colorful&include=eJxNj1GOwyAMRC-E4EiWA05w6wDCRt3s6Uua3bZ_fmPpaQZVyYDLjaLVHqKqz5wIEgkZQcONINZi9GMDBYTL3a2T8UFadwpft3_QcqI6PdRoDwsquTx2jTwdUvs65Aqn7TSF1EdD8X_o1LCstSfYKTGGxNoED3fRymLUfcRmXItr2HHr2LL-Wz6JH6WNRVgzJZcV3h-wo5GGGc0-MiefpknnPMBOGL7BLYK_R5CKicvmVDjeX_2fQDt6BQ" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/psychology/files/css/css_UuwPF680bsdWxub1G_4fYamA0PhxcCaRDwfao2GwEIg.css?delta=4&language=en&theme=humsci_colorful&include=eJxNj1GOwyAMRC-E4EiWA05w6wDCRt3s6Uua3bZ_fmPpaQZVyYDLjaLVHqKqz5wIEgkZQcONINZi9GMDBYTL3a2T8UFadwpft3_QcqI6PdRoDwsquTx2jTwdUvs65Aqn7TSF1EdD8X_o1LCstSfYKTGGxNoED3fRymLUfcRmXItr2HHr2LL-Wz6JH6WNRVgzJZcV3h-wo5GGGc0-MiefpknnPMBOGL7BLYK_R5CKicvmVDjeX_2fQDt6BQ" /> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/modernizr/modernizr.min.js?v=3.11.7"></script> </head> <body class="role-anonymous not-front role--anonymous"> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header id="header" class="su-masthead hb-default-pattern"> <a href="#main-content" class="su-skiplinks ">Skip to main content</a> <section class="su-brand-bar su-brand-bar--default"> <div class="su-brand-bar__container hb-page-width"> <a class="su-brand-bar__logo" href="https://www.stanford.edu">Stanford University</a> </div> </section> <section class="hb-page-width hb-position-relative"> <h1 class="masthead__site-title">Department of Psychology</h1> <div id="block-humsci-colorful-branding" class="su-lockup su-lockup--option-default"> <a href="https://psychology.stanford.edu/" class="su-lockup__link"> <div class="su-lockup__cell1"> <div class="su-lockup__wordmark-wrapper"> <span class="su-lockup__wordmark">Stanford</span> </div> </div><div class="su-lockup__cell2"> <span class="su-lockup__line2" >Department of Psychology</span> </div> <div class="su-lockup__line5 ">School of Humanities and Sciences</div> </a> </div> <div class="su-site-search" role="search"> <div class="views-exposed-form block-views block-exposedformhs-default-searchsearch-page-top" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-hs-default-search-search-page" id="block-exposedformhs-default-searchsearch-page-top"> <form action="/search" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-hs-default-search-search-page-form-wt6G17PwgRTu8BnYnUUr16Qh7ls4MRGC0FBihcmb2HI" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="js-form-item form-item form-type-textfield js-form-type-textfield form-item-search js-form-item-search"> <label for="edit-search">Search</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-search" type="text" id="edit-search" name="search" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-hs-default-search" type="submit" id="edit-submit-hs-default-search" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <nav class="hb-main-nav su-main-nav hb-main-nav--is-still-loading" aria-label="main menu"> <button class="hb-main-nav__toggle hb-main-nav__toggle--right " aria-expanded="true"> Menu <span class="hb-main-nav__toggle-icon"></span> </button> <ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv1"><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="About1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">About</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="About1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/about/about-us" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/6">About Us</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/about/history" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11">History</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/about/contact" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Contact</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/about/giving" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/21">Giving</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="People1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">People</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="People1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/people/faculty" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4391">Faculty</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/people/phd-students" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4396">PhD Students</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/people/postdoctoral-scholars" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4401">Postdoctoral Scholars</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/people/research-staff" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4406">Research Staff</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/people/lecturers" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4411">Lecturers</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/people/administrative-staff" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4416">Administrative Staff</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="Research1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">Research</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="Research1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/research/department-areas" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/26">Department Areas</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="DepartmentAreas23" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle Department Areas </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="DepartmentAreas23"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv3"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/department-areas/affective-science" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4721">Affective Science</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/department-areas/cognitive" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4726">Cognitive</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/department-areas/developmental" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4731">Developmental</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/department-areas/neuroscience" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4741">Neuroscience</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/department-areas/social" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4736">Social</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/research/research-topics" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/31">Research Topics</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="ResearchTopics23" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle Research Topics </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="ResearchTopics23"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv3"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/addictive-behaviors" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4421">Addictive Behaviors</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/aging" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4426">Aging</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/audition" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19656">Audition</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/computational-approaches" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4431">Computational Approaches</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/culture" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4436">Culture</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/decision-science" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4441">Decision Science</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/developmental-approaches" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4446">Developmental Approaches</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/diversity" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/19611">Diversity</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/education" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4451">Education</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/interventions" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4456">Interventions</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/language" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4461">Language</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/learning-memory" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4466">Learning & Memory</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/mathematical-cognition" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4471">Mathematical Cognition</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/meaning-mental-representation" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4476">Meaning & Mental Representation</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/motivation-emotion" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4481">Motivation & Emotion</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/neuroimaging" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4486">Neuroimaging</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/perception" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4491">Perception</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/plasticity-change" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4496">Plasticity & Change</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/psychopathology-risk" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4501">Psychopathology & Risk</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/reasoning-problem-solving" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4506">Reasoning & Problem Solving</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/self-identity" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4511">Self & Identity</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/self-regulation-control" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4516">Self-Regulation & Control</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/social-cognition" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4521">Social Cognition</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/stereotyping-stereotype-threat" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4526">Stereotyping & Stereotype Threat</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/vision-science" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4531">Vision Science</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/words-categories" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4536">Words & Categories</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/participate-studies" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36">Participate in Studies</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/research/research-opportunities" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41">Job and Volunteer Opportunities</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="Academics1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">Academics</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="Academics1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/courses" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76">Courses</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4156">Undergraduate Program</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="UndergraduateProgram24" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle Undergraduate Program </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="UndergraduateProgram24"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv3"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/major" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4161">Major</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/minor" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4626">Minor</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/psychology-honors-program" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4631">Honors</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/how-declare" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10121">How to Declare</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/research-opportunities" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10136">Research Opportunities</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="ResearchOpportunities34-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle Research Opportunities </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="ResearchOpportunities34-2"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv4"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/research-opportunities/special-lab-projects-independent-research" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10141">Independent Research</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/research-opportunities/psych-summer-research-program" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10146">Psych-Summer Research Program</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/stanford-undergraduate-psychology-association-supa" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10151">Stanford Undergraduate Psychology Association (SUPA)</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/advising" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10126">Advising</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="Advising34-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle Advising </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="Advising34-2"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv4"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/advising/psychconnect-peer-advising" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10131">PsychConnect Peer Advising</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/undergraduate-faq" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10116">Undergraduate FAQ</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program/undergraduate-forms-resources" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9486">Forms and Resources</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/academics/phd-program" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4591">PhD Program</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="PhDProgram24" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle PhD Program </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="PhDProgram24"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv3"><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/academics/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10106">PhD Degree Requirements</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="PhDDegreeRequirements34-3" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle PhD Degree Requirements </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="PhDDegreeRequirements34-3"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv4"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements#course" class="hb-main-nav__link">Course Requirements</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements#teaching" class="hb-main-nav__link">Teaching Requirements</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements#milestones" class="hb-main-nav__link">Program Requirements and Milestones</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements#graduation" class="hb-main-nav__link">Graduation Quarter</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements#idp" class="hb-main-nav__link">Individual Development Plan</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/phd-program/phd-degree-requirements#timeline" class="hb-main-nav__link">PhD Program Timeline At-A-Glance</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/academics/phd-program/funding" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4616">Funding</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="Funding34-3" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle Funding </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="Funding34-3"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv4"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/phd-program/funding/norman-h-anderson-research-fund" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10201">Norman H. Anderson Research Fund</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/phd-program/master-arts-psychology" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4611">Master's Degree</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/phd-program/phd-forms-and-resources" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10191">Forms and Resources</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/phd-minor" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4596">PhD Minor</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/postdoctoral-scholars" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4601">Postdoctoral Scholars</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/academics/psychology-diploma-ceremony" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4606">Diploma Ceremony</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="Admissions1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">Admissions</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="Admissions1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/admissions/undergraduate-admissions" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10036">Undergraduate</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><a href="/admissions/phd-admissions" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10041">PhD</a><button class="hb-main-nav__button hb-nested-toggler" id="PhD25" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true"> Toggle PhD </button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="PhD25"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv3"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/admissions/phd-admissions/phd-admission-faq" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10046">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/admissions/phd-admissions/knight-hennessy-scholars-program" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10051">Knight-Hennessy Scholars Program</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/admissions/phd-admissions/masters-degree-phd-students" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/10056">Master's Degree for PhD Students</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="News&Events1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">News & Events</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="News&Events1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/news-events/upcoming-events" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46">Upcoming Events</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/news-events/past-events" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">Past Events</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/news-events/recent-news" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/4746">Recent News</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/news-events/newsletter" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Newsletter</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item hb-main-nav__item--parent"><button class="hb-main-nav__link hb-nested-toggler" id="Diversity1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">Diversity</button><div class="hb-main-nav__menu-container" aria-labelledby="Diversity1"><ul class="hb-main-nav__menu hb-main-nav__menu-lv2"><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/diversity/diversity-statement-resources" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Diversity Statement & Resources</a></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/diversity/paths-phd" class="hb-main-nav__link" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">Paths to PhD</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="hb-main-nav__item"><a href="/private" class="hb-main-nav__link">Intranet</a></li></ul> </nav> </section> </header> <div id="help-region" class="hb-page-width"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <main class="" > <div id="block-humsci-colorful-content" class="block-system block-humsci-colorful-content"> <article class="node flexible-page node-layout-full node-flexible-page-full hb-vertical-page-padding"> <div class="content"> <div class="hs-full-width hb-three-column clearfix hb-three-column--no-sidebar"> <div class="hb-layout-builder-main-content hb-three-column__main"> <div class="hb-three-column__main-body "> <div class="layout__region"> <div class="block-layout-builder"> <div class="field-hs-page-hero entity-reference-revisions label-hidden"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hs-gradient-hero-slider paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="slick blazy slick--field slick--field-hs-gradient-hero-slides slick--field-hs-gradient-hero-slides--default slick--optionset--hs-slideshow" data-blazy=""><div id="slick-ea81921bd98" data-slick="{"count":4,"total":4,"mobileFirst":true,"adaptiveHeight":true,"dots":true,"focusOnSelect":true,"lazyLoad":"blazy","slide":".slick__slide"}" class="slick__slider"> <div class="slick__slide slide slide--0"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=2876:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_gradient_hero&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="wd1wFFM6Bk-NIH6_p0jn4CkRz65VLNf74guHvpFsb8w" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-gradient-hero"><div class="hb-gradient-hero__image-wrapper"><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-image entity-reference label-hidden"><article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"><div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"><picture><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?h=5a7069fd&itok=wgrvyQ71 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1200" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_1088px_/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?h=5a7069fd&itok=gu9Mri6A 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1088" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_881px_/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?h=5a7069fd&itok=f0I3MRWL 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="881" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_657px_/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?h=5a7069fd&itok=5FY57iFN 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="688" height="390"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_497px_/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?h=5a7069fd&itok=aU9ICFke 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="497" height="390"/><img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/100709-032.jpg?h=5a7069fd&itok=wgrvyQ71" width="1200" height="490" alt="group of students" /></picture></div></article></div></div><div class="hb-gradient-hero__text"><h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-title string label-hidden">Diversity & Inclusion</div></h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-body text-long label-hidden"><p>Training scientists to advance theory and create knowledge to address real-world problems<span> requires a broad range of perspectives and backgrounds.</span></p></div><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-link link label-hidden"><a href="/diversity/diversity-statement-resources">Learn more about our commitment to diversity</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="slick__slide slide slide--1"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=2681:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_gradient_hero&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="LSzsX3RyCWr0rrlToerFxEdTKL21dWwjv0o1VNAzC98" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-gradient-hero"><div class="hb-gradient-hero__image-wrapper"><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-image entity-reference label-hidden"><article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"><div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"><picture><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/news/bids.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=sLo0gJGh 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1200" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_1088px_/public/media/image/news/bids.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=DvVWvTg7 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1088" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_881px_/public/media/image/news/bids.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=-LQGF1Pl 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="881" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_657px_/public/media/image/news/bids.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=4KPGV4gV 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="688" height="390"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_497px_/public/media/image/news/bids.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=1aCQG7qP 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="497" height="390"/><img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/news/bids.jpg?h=10d202d3&itok=sLo0gJGh" width="1200" height="490" alt="" /></picture></div><div class="field-media-image-caption text-long label-hidden"><p>Researchers at the Stanford Center for Reproducible Neuroscience are working to make it easier to share brain-imaging data and collaborate more effectively. ...</p></div></article></div></div><div class="hb-gradient-hero__text"><h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-title string label-hidden">Faculty Research</div></h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-body text-long label-hidden"><p>Cutting-edge research on the workings of the human mind</p></div><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-link link label-hidden"><a href="/research/department-areas">Learn about faculty research</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="slick__slide slide slide--2"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=2691:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_gradient_hero&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="IzEmkzl4KzipEB6AQy6WuoNJVNDjDaURFRN4X-58gVU" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-gradient-hero"><div class="hb-gradient-hero__image-wrapper"><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-image entity-reference label-hidden"><article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"><div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"><picture><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/grad_130613-2170_0.jpg?h=f3c404ba&itok=L2UFLkDg 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1200" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_1088px_/public/media/image/grad_130613-2170_0.jpg?h=f3c404ba&itok=gnpdu6eD 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1088" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_881px_/public/media/image/grad_130613-2170_0.jpg?h=f3c404ba&itok=zQKcCWtn 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="881" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_657px_/public/media/image/grad_130613-2170_0.jpg?h=f3c404ba&itok=FXdsilnv 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="688" height="390"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_497px_/public/media/image/grad_130613-2170_0.jpg?h=f3c404ba&itok=Xg9VJFQf 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="497" height="390"/><img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/grad_130613-2170_0.jpg?h=f3c404ba&itok=L2UFLkDg" width="1200" height="490" alt="graduate commencement" /></picture></div></article></div></div><div class="hb-gradient-hero__text"><h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-title string label-hidden">PhD Admissions</div></h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-body text-long label-hidden"><p>Training students for careers in research and teaching</p></div><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-link link label-hidden"><a href="/admissions/phd-admissions">Learn about PhD admissions and program requirements</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="slick__slide slide slide--3"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=2696:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_gradient_hero&ds_view_mode=default&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="tJ3Ux8Frs8ptJ4VKlkK2pMABlhuL2UoAa4_NbCGyBbk" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-gradient-hero"><div class="hb-gradient-hero__image-wrapper"><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-image entity-reference label-hidden"><article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"><div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"><picture><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/181110-3793.jpg?h=5d134bc8&itok=RnKp-wVy 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1200" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_1088px_/public/media/image/181110-3793.jpg?h=5d134bc8&itok=FyRbEter 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1088" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_881px_/public/media/image/181110-3793.jpg?h=5d134bc8&itok=MOtqbAK8 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="881" height="490"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_657px_/public/media/image/181110-3793.jpg?h=5d134bc8&itok=C8vYhGph 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="688" height="390"/><source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_497px_/public/media/image/181110-3793.jpg?h=5d134bc8&itok=zX0UbFIJ 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="497" height="390"/><img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/hero_with_text_large/public/media/image/181110-3793.jpg?h=5d134bc8&itok=RnKp-wVy" width="1200" height="490" alt="undergraduate students in class" /></picture></div></article></div></div><div class="hb-gradient-hero__text"><h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-title string label-hidden">Undergraduate Program</div></h2><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-body text-long label-hidden"><p>Understanding human behavior through scientific methods</p></div><div class="field-hs-gradient-hero-link link label-hidden"><a href="/academics/undergraduate-program">Learn about our undergraduate program</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <nav role="navigation" class="slick__arrow"> <button type="button" data-role="none" class="slick-prev" aria-label="Previous" tabindex="0">Previous</button><button type="button" data-role="none" class="slick-next" aria-label="Next" tabindex="0">Next</button> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="decanter-grid hb-three-column clearfix hb-three-column--no-sidebar"> <div class="hb-layout-builder-main-content hb-three-column__main"> <div class="hb-three-column__main-body "> <div class="layout__region"> <div id="main-content" tabindex="-1" class="visually-hidden">Main content start</div> <div class="block-layout-builder"> </div> <div class="block-layout-builder"> <div class="field-hs-page-components entity-reference-revisions label-hidden"> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-text-area"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hs-text-area paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="color- field-hs-text-area text-long label-hidden"><p class="hs-font-splash text-align-center"><strong>21st Century Psychology</strong></p> <h3 class="text-align-center"><strong>Ground breaking theoretical research that impacts the real world.</strong></h3> <hr> <p> </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-collection"> <div class="hs-paragraph-style paragraph paragraph--type--hs-collection paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field-hs-collection-items entity-reference-revisions label-hidden item-per-row--3"> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-postcard"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=3191:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_postcard&ds_view_mode=token&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="xFnmK601B9qDS1CCF5I_gElL_cduZQxJ8bQFYT-dPLw" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card"> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card__img"> <div class="field-hs-postcard-image entity-reference label-hidden"> <article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/news-matthew-guay-unsplash_0.jpeg?h=d72776d6&itok=Xif1EzzK 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1169" height="812"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1057px_/public/media/image/news-matthew-guay-unsplash_0.jpeg?h=d72776d6&itok=3RgJMpvd 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1057" height="734"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_850px_/public/media/image/news-matthew-guay-unsplash_0.jpeg?h=d72776d6&itok=esvAs5Vb 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="850" height="590"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_658px_/public/media/image/news-matthew-guay-unsplash_0.jpeg?h=d72776d6&itok=giJp-oHK 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="658" height="457"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_465px_/public/media/image/news-matthew-guay-unsplash_0.jpeg?h=d72776d6&itok=jS-9IhyL 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="465" height="323"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/news-matthew-guay-unsplash_0.jpeg?h=d72776d6&itok=Xif1EzzK" width="1169" height="812" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title"> <a href="/news-events/recent-news" class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title__link">News</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-postcard"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=3196:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_postcard&ds_view_mode=token&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="HVlLIV1b8BPOUOIs0J33eWJ4cl50-96MpbaH8iyg4Zc" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card"> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card__img"> <div class="field-hs-postcard-image entity-reference label-hidden"> <article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/lecture_170410-683-8114.jpg?h=b604957e&itok=1WYahENO 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1169" height="812"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1057px_/public/media/image/lecture_170410-683-8114.jpg?h=b604957e&itok=3iTD3hl7 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1057" height="734"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_850px_/public/media/image/lecture_170410-683-8114.jpg?h=b604957e&itok=T1J5tuWT 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="850" height="590"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_658px_/public/media/image/lecture_170410-683-8114.jpg?h=b604957e&itok=Q_A-wOrx 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="658" height="457"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_465px_/public/media/image/lecture_170410-683-8114.jpg?h=b604957e&itok=DST_5mKU 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="465" height="323"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/lecture_170410-683-8114.jpg?h=b604957e&itok=1WYahENO" width="1169" height="812" alt="lecture attendees" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title"> <a href="/news-events/upcoming-events" class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title__link">Events</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-postcard"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=3201:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_postcard&ds_view_mode=token&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="imhsqaolX6Vz7enUrZ-gVgBwnYTZ00b7UW7MFnZ8rEo" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card"> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card__img"> <div class="field-hs-postcard-image entity-reference label-hidden"> <article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/news/gettyimages-650160957-800x533.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=z8CmY1BR 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1169" height="812"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1057px_/public/media/image/news/gettyimages-650160957-800x533.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=guwm9B6G 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1057" height="734"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_850px_/public/media/image/news/gettyimages-650160957-800x533.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=kJg0W3gc 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="850" height="590"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_658px_/public/media/image/news/gettyimages-650160957-800x533.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=cQftay6K 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="658" height="457"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_465px_/public/media/image/news/gettyimages-650160957-800x533.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=VAJNap9A 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="465" height="323"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/news/gettyimages-650160957-800x533.jpg?h=c9f93661&itok=z8CmY1BR" width="1169" height="812" alt="Your brain鈥檚 nucleus accumbens gets more active when a reward is in the offing" /> </picture> </div> <div class="field-media-image-caption text-long label-hidden"> <p>Andrew Brookes/Getty</p> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title"> <a href="/research/participate-studies" class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title__link">Participate in Studies</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-collection"> <div class="hs-paragraph-style paragraph paragraph--type--hs-collection paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field-hs-collection-items entity-reference-revisions label-hidden item-per-row--3"> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-postcard"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=3211:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_postcard&ds_view_mode=token&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="3VnSvRRXiprBKJMTTGJkZBb_AE4Hkyn8H-08Pl1t2dQ" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card"> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card__img"> <div class="field-hs-postcard-image entity-reference label-hidden"> <article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/news/confident-for-college.jpg?h=9285bf57&itok=5XqwumQm 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1169" height="812"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1057px_/public/media/image/news/confident-for-college.jpg?h=9285bf57&itok=1llOLsGE 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1057" height="734"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_850px_/public/media/image/news/confident-for-college.jpg?h=9285bf57&itok=VVmqiqi2 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="850" height="590"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_658px_/public/media/image/news/confident-for-college.jpg?h=9285bf57&itok=hIupAiER 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="658" height="457"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_465px_/public/media/image/news/confident-for-college.jpg?h=9285bf57&itok=zXRT-VhS 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="465" height="323"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/news/confident-for-college.jpg?h=9285bf57&itok=5XqwumQm" width="1169" height="812" alt="" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title"> <a href="/academics/undergraduate-program" class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title__link">Undergraduate Studies</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-postcard"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=3216:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_postcard&ds_view_mode=token&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="bVquV_iAMpyxb8w31noDkgdC995Iks4_uoSuBxe6hMw" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card"> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card__img"> <div class="field-hs-postcard-image entity-reference label-hidden"> <article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/110102-101.jpg?h=98785e95&itok=iJteD6re 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1169" height="812"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1057px_/public/media/image/110102-101.jpg?h=98785e95&itok=1OB4-E6t 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1057" height="734"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_850px_/public/media/image/110102-101.jpg?h=98785e95&itok=zRSCTs6P 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="850" height="590"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_658px_/public/media/image/110102-101.jpg?h=98785e95&itok=54DIgzOa 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="658" height="457"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_465px_/public/media/image/110102-101.jpg?h=98785e95&itok=cTq2DvhZ 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="465" height="323"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/110102-101.jpg?h=98785e95&itok=iJteD6re" width="1169" height="812" alt="graduate students talking" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title"> <a href="/academics/phd-program" class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title__link">Graduate Studies</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph-item ptype-hs-postcard"><div> <div data-contextual-id="paragraph:root_parent_type=node&root_parent=2&paragraph=3221:changed=1717015880&ds_bundle=hs_postcard&ds_view_mode=token&langcode=en" data-contextual-token="kbyhznIbV05HmJxpFzNIqXoQ0GU2kb8U_FpDaF9wjbM" data-drupal-ajax-container=""></div> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card"> <div class="hb-vertical-linked-card__img"> <div class="field-hs-postcard-image entity-reference label-hidden"> <article class="hb-caption-credit-image hb-position-relative"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/psychopathology_and_risk_0.jpeg?h=da1dd9de&itok=RFt4OzFG 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1169" height="812"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1057px_/public/media/image/psychopathology_and_risk_0.jpeg?h=da1dd9de&itok=oTBHyPno 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1057" height="734"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_850px_/public/media/image/psychopathology_and_risk_0.jpeg?h=da1dd9de&itok=xjKL7NHD 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" width="850" height="590"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_658px_/public/media/image/psychopathology_and_risk_0.jpeg?h=da1dd9de&itok=nGMUMump 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/jpeg" width="658" height="457"/> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_465px_/public/media/image/psychopathology_and_risk_0.jpeg?h=da1dd9de&itok=no5rSWZs 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/jpeg" width="465" height="323"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/postcard_vertical_linked_1169px_/public/media/image/psychopathology_and_risk_0.jpeg?h=da1dd9de&itok=RFt4OzFG" width="1169" height="812" alt="neurons firing inside brain" /> </picture> </div> </article> </div> </div> <h2 class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title"> <a href="/research/department-areas" class="hb-vertical-linked-card__title__link">Research Areas</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.content --> </article><!-- /.node --> </div> </main> <footer id="footer"> <section id="footer__local-footer" class="hb-local-footer hb-default-pattern"> <div class="hb-page-width flex-container flex-container--row-gap"> <div id="block-humsci-colorful-hs-about" class="flex-md-3-of-12 block-block-content block-humsci-colorful-hs-about"> <h2 class="block__title">About</h2> <div class="body text-with-summary label-hidden"><ul> <li><a class="hs-more-link" data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b44a51ad-5e9c-491c-8a3e-2ed7a2c6b48a" href="/about/about-us">About Us</a></li> <li><a class="hs-more-link" data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d17abef1-106a-4116-9aca-693dc719b1b4" href="/about/giving">Make a Gift</a></li> <li><a class="hs-more-link" data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7175612e-c619-4323-9497-34e056e70759" href="/research/participate-studies">Participate in Studies</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div id="block-humsci-colorful-hs-connectwithus" class="flex-md-3-of-12 block-block-content block-humsci-colorful-hs-connectwithus"> <h2 class="block__title">Connect With Us</h2> <div class="body text-with-summary label-hidden"><p><a class="fab fa-facebook fa-2x" href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61568522885028"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline visually-hidden">Connect with us on Facebook</span></a> <a class="fab fa-brands fa-x-twitter fa-2x" href="https://twitter.com/stanfordpsych"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline visually-hidden">Connect with us on X</span></a> <a class="fas fa-solid fa-podcast fa-2x" href="https://www.stanfordpsychologypodcast.com/"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline visually-hidden">Chekc out our Podcast</span></a></p></div> </div> <div id="block-humsci-colorful-hs-contactus" class="flex-md-3-of-12 block-block-content block-humsci-colorful-hs-contactus"> <h2 class="block__title">Contact Us</h2> <div class="body text-with-summary label-hidden"><p>450 Jane Stanford Way<br> Building 420<br> Stanford University<br> Stanford, CA 94305<br> <span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><span class="fa-map-marker-alt fas"></span> </span> <a href="https://campus-map.stanford.edu/?id=01-420&lat=37.4285954026&lng=-122.170824544&zoom=17&srch=psycholo">Campus Map</a></p></div> </div> <div id="block-humsci-colorful-hsaffiliationfooter" class="flex-md-8-of-12 block-block-content block-humsci-colorful-hsaffiliationfooter"> <div class="body text-with-summary label-hidden"><a href="https://humsci.stanford.edu"> <article class="align-center hb-media-image"> <div class="field-media-image image label-hidden"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/responsive_large/public/media/image/psychology_footer-01_0.png?itok=7NXaj0wr 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 1200px)" type="image/png" width="1200" height="119"> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/responsive_large/public/media/image/psychology_footer-01_0.png?itok=7NXaj0wr 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/png" width="1200" height="119"> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/responsive_medium/public/media/image/psychology_footer-01_0.png?itok=zdckruxx 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" width="992" height="98"> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/responsive_small/public/media/image/psychology_footer-01_0.png?itok=FcalavZz 1x" media="screen and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/png" width="768" height="76"> <source srcset="/sites/psychology/files/styles/responsive_default_576_/public/media/image/psychology_footer-01_0.png?itok=3jVW8j3u 1x" media="(min-width: 0em)" type="image/png" width="576" height="57"> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/psychology/files/styles/responsive_large/public/media/image/psychology_footer-01_0.png?itok=7NXaj0wr" width="1200" height="119" alt="School of Humanities and Sciences logo"> </picture> </div> </article> </a></div> </div> <div id="block-humsci-colorful-samlauth-login" class="block-stanford-samlauth block-humsci-colorful-samlauth-login"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/saml/login?destination=/" class="text-align-right hs-secondary-button">SUNet Login</a> </div> </div> </section> <section id="footer__global-footer" class="hb-global-footer su-global-footer su-global-footer--default"> <div class="su-global-footer__container hb-page-width"> <div class="su-global-footer__brand"> <a class="su-logo su-global-footer--default" href="https://www.stanford.edu"> Stanford<br>University </a> </div> <div class="su-global-footer__content"> <nav aria-label="global footer"> <ul class="su-global-footer__menu su-global-footer__menu--global"> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://www.stanford.edu">Stanford Home</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://visit.stanford.edu/plan/">Maps & Directions</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://www.stanford.edu/search/">Search Stanford</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://emergency.stanford.edu">Emergency Info</a></li> </ul> <ul class="su-global-footer__menu su-global-footer__menu--policy"> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/terms/" title="Terms of use for sites">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/privacy/" title="Privacy and cookie policy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://uit.stanford.edu/security/copyright-infringement" title="Report alleged copyright infringement">Copyright</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://adminguide.stanford.edu/chapter-1/subchapter-5/policy-1-5-4" title="Ownership and use of Stanford trademarks and images">Trademarks</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="http://exploredegrees.stanford.edu/nonacademicregulations/nondiscrimination/" title="Non-discrimination policy">Non-Discrimination</a></li> <li><a class="hb-global-footer__link" href="https://www.stanford.edu/site/accessibility" title="Report web accessibility issues">Accessibility</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="su-global-footer__copyright"> <span>© Stanford University.</span> <span> Stanford, California 94305.</span> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- su-global-footer end --> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/2","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"G-ZYJ5DE880E","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":false,"extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":false,"extExclude":"","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".text-long, .text-with-summary, #footer__global-footer, #header, #toolbar-administration","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","extUseFontAwesome":true,"extIconPlacement":"append","extFaLinkClasses":"fas fa-arrow-right","extFaMailtoClasses":"far fa-envelope","whitelistedDomains":null}},"blazy":{"loadInvisible":false,"offset":100,"saveViewportOffsetDelay":50,"validateDelay":null,"container":"","loader":true,"unblazy":false,"visibleClass":false},"blazyIo":{"disconnect":false,"rootMargin":"0px","threshold":[0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1]},"slick":{"accessibility":true,"adaptiveHeight":false,"autoplay":false,"pauseOnHover":true,"pauseOnDotsHover":false,"pauseOnFocus":true,"autoplaySpeed":3000,"arrows":true,"downArrow":false,"downArrowTarget":"","downArrowOffset":0,"centerMode":false,"centerPadding":"50px","dots":false,"dotsClass":"slick-dots","draggable":true,"fade":false,"focusOnSelect":false,"infinite":true,"initialSlide":0,"lazyLoad":"ondemand","mouseWheel":false,"randomize":false,"rtl":false,"rows":1,"slidesPerRow":1,"slide":"","slidesToShow":1,"slidesToScroll":1,"speed":500,"swipe":true,"swipeToSlide":false,"edgeFriction":0.34999999999999998,"touchMove":true,"touchThreshold":5,"useCSS":true,"cssEase":"ease","cssEaseBezier":"","cssEaseOverride":"","useTransform":true,"easing":"linear","variableWidth":false,"vertical":false,"verticalSwiping":false,"waitForAnimate":true},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search":true},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"2fb16dcbc69f20ff27aaa593ade51f723454e8016fbe40d0f426fa7337d4ae29"}}</script> <script src="/sites/psychology/files/js/js_2x7OqmAbO1rwcGdSocq2lNkB1o-mXDHPvSMMITIXWl4.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=humsci_colorful&include=eJxdjUsOwyAMRC-EwpGQwyexMmCEQW16-qYp3XQzes9j2ZvIhuioEM7OXu32NzC7OgqZiw0x0UB3ukvrfvSrGlk9Oy-QlgbsShpNfHZwOWxooxKWqUY7lSQtuBwDkw2sFXSaFfQ67Z2TIRQmVsGZGJjqQapg7b-6Sebr49capUmPuFZzLfrD3rl8Tr4BNVpbUg"></script> </body> </html>