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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Akadeemiline_kunst" title="Akadeemiline kunst">Akadeemiline kunst</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>Sul pole lubatud seda lehekülge muuta järgmisel põhjusel: </p> <div class="permissions-errors"><div class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>Sinu IP-aadress on vahemikus, mis on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">blokeeritud kõigis Wikimedia Foundationi vikides</a>.</b> <p>Blokeerija: <a href="/wiki/Kasutaja:Jon_Kolbert" title="Kasutaja:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>. Põhjus: <i><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </i>. </p> <ul><li>Blokeeringu algusaeg: 27. august 2023, kell 17:12</li> <li>Blokeeringu aegumistähtaeg: 27. august 2028, kell 17:12</li></ul> <p>Sinu praegune IP-aadress on 8.222.208.146. Blokeeritud vahemik on 8.222.128.0/17. </p><p>Palun lisa kõik need andmed igale järelepärimisele, mida kavatsed teha. Kui usud, et sind on blokeeritud ekslikult, leiad lisateavet ja juhised <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">avatud prokside keelamist</a> puudutavast globaalsest reeglistikust. </p> Muul juhul <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">postita palun blokeeringu arutamiseks palve</a>, mis metavikis üle vaadatakse. Saad ka saata <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stjuuarditele</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a>-süsteemi aadressile <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> kirja, millele on lisatud kõik ülaltoodud üksikasjad.</div></div><hr /> <p>Saad vaadata ja kopeerida selle lehekülje lähteteksti. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="et" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1"> [[Fail:Alexandre_Cabanel_-_The_Birth_of_Venus_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg|pisi|350x350px|"Veenuse sünd", [[Alexandre Cabanel]], 1863]] [[Fail:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Return of Spring (1886).jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], "Kevade tulek", 1886]] '''Akadeemilise kunsti''' ehk '''akademismi''' all mõistetakse [[klassikalised kunstiakadeemiad|klassikalistes kunstiakadeemiates]] õpetatavaid ja viljeldavaid [[kunstistiil]]e. Mõiste tekkeks andis põhjuse Prantsuse kunstiakadeemias 17. sajandil loodud üksikasjalik normisüsteem, mis toetus antiik- ja renessansskunstnike (nt [[Raffael]], [[Michelangelo]]) loodud eeskujudele. Selles õpetuses rõhutati joonistust ja värvil oli teisejärguline tähtsus. Kohustuslikeks teemadeks olid allegoorsed, antiikmütoloogial ja Piiblil põhinevad teemad. Reeglite järgimist jälgiti täpselt, korraldades katseid ja võistlusi. Tänapäeval on mõiste "akadeemiline kunst" saanud teise tähenduse, märkides kohandumist, mugandumist valitseva jäiga ja konservatiivse ettekirjutusi järgiva kunstikäsitlusega (akadeemiline klassitsism). Osa vaatlejaist ja kunstiteadlastest peab tänapäevast akadeemilist kunsti mandunud kunstistiiliks. == Ajalugu == [[Image:Modellklasse an der Kopenhagener Kunstakademie.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Modelliklass]] [[Taani Kuninglik Kunstiakadeemia|Taani Kuninglikus Kaunite Kunstide Akadeemias]]1826. aastal, [[Wilhelm Bendz]]]] Esimese kunstikooli [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze|Accademia del Disegnon]] asutas Firenzes 1562. aastal [[Giorgio Vasari]]. Euroopa kunstiakadeemiates, eriti [[Académie_des_Beaux-Arts|Prantsuse kaunite kunstide akadeemias]] soositi 17. sajandist pärit olevat traditsiooni, mille järgi antiikaja Kreeka ja Rooma klassikalisest kunstist sai mall kõigele kunsti tegemisele. Akadeemiad olid kunstielu ülimuslikud autoriteedid nii rakendusliku kunstikoolituse kui ka kunstiteooria alal. Akadeemiad püüdsid määratleda klassikalise kunsti standardiks. 19. sajandil sai [[Prantsuse kaunite kunstide akadeemia]]st Euroopa olulisemaid kunstikoole ning selle iga-aastastele salonginäitustele (Salon de Paris) viidi kunsti hindamiseks ning salonginäitused samuti autasustasid kunstnikke. Varasemateks akadeemilise stiili esindajaks maalikunstis võib pidada Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]]i või [[Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres]]'d. Samuti selliseid kunstnikke, nagu [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]] (1824–1904), [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]] (1825–1905), [[Jules Joseph Lefebvre]] (1836–1911), [[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]] (1836–1912), [[Albert Edelfelt]] (1854–1905) või [[Hans Makart]]it (1840–1884) on seostatud kõnealuse kunstisuunaga. == Akadeemilist kunsti == <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Fail:Banastre-Tarleton-by-Joshua-Reynolds.jpg|Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]], "Sir [[Banastre Tarleton]]", 1782 Fail:Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, 1827.jpg|[[Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres]], "Homerose ülistus", 1827 Fail:Jean-Leon Gerome Pollice Verso.jpg|[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], "Pollice Verso", 1872 Fail:Gerome - Diogenes.jpg|[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], "[[Diogenes]]", 1860 Fail:William Bouguereau - Dante and Virgile - Google Art Project 2.jpg|[[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], "[[Dante]] ja [[Vergilius põrgus]]", 1850 Fail:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Homer and his Guide (1874).jpg|[[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], "[[Homeros]] ja tema teejuht", 1874 Fail:La Vérité, par Jules Joseph Lefebvre.jpg|[[Jules Joseph Lefebvre]], "Tõde", 1870 Fail:The Baths at Caracalla.jpg|[[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]], "[[Caracalla]] saunad", 1899 </gallery> == Tuntud akademiste == === Austria === * [[Hans Canon]], maalikunstnik * [[Hans Makart]], maalikunstnik * [[Viktor Tilgner]], skulptor === Belgia === * [[Georges Croegaert]], maalikunstnik * [[Jacob Jacobs]], maalikunstnik * [[Jan August Hendrik Leys]], maalikunstnik * [[Karel Ooms]], maalikunstnik * [[Eugène Siberdt]], maalikunstnik * [[Alfred Stevens]], maalikunstnik * [[Gustave Wappers]], maalikunstnik === Brasiilia === * [[Victor Meirelles]], maalikunstnik * [[Pedro Américo]], maalikunstnik * [[Rodolfo Amoedo]], maalikunstnik === Eesti === * [[Johann Köler]] (1826–1899), maalikunstnik * [[August Weizenberg]] (1837–1921), skulptor * [[Amandus Adamson]] (1855–1929), skulptor === Hispaania === * [[Mariano Fortuny y Marsal]], maalikunstnik === India === * [[Raja Ravi Varma]], maalikunstnik * [[Hemendranath Majumdar]], maalikunstnik === Itaalia === * [[Eugene de Blaas]], maalikunstnik * [[Francesco Hayez]], maalikunstnik * [[Domenico Morelli]], maalikunstnik === Iiri === * [[Albert Power]], skulptor === Kanada === * [[William Brymner]], maalikunstnik * [[Robert Harris]], maalikunstnik * [[Paul Kane]], maalikunstnik * [[Cornelius Krieghoff]], maalikunstnik * [[Paul Peel]], maalikunstnik * [[Suzor-Coté]], maalikunstnik === Läti === * === Madalmaad === * [[Ary Scheffer]], maalikunstnik === Poola === * [[Henryk Siemiradzki]], maalikunstnik * [[Władysław Czachórski]], maalikunstnik * [[Jan Matejko]], maalikunstnik === Prantsusmaa === * [[Alfred Agache]], maalikunstnik * [[Louis-Ernest Barrias]], skulptor * [[Paul Baudry]], maalikunstnik * [[Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse]], skulptor * [[Leon Bonnat]], maalikunstnik * [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]], maalikunstnik * [[Charles Edward Boutibonne]], * [[Charles Joshua Chaplin]], maalikunstnik * [[Pierre Auguste Cot]], maalikunstnik * [[Thomas Couture]], maalikunstnik * [[Alexandre Cabanel]], maalikunstnik * [[Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps]], maalikunstnik * [[Paul Delaroche]], maalikunstnik * [[Delphin Enjolras]], maalikunstnik * [[Alexandre Falguière]], skulptor * [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], maalikunstnik ja skulptor * [[Jean-Jacques Henner]], maalikunstnik * [[Paul Jamin]], maalikunstnik * [[Armand Laroche]], maalikunstnik * [[Jean-Paul Laurens]], maalikunstnik ja skulptor * [[Jules Joseph Lefebvre]], maalikunstnik * [[Marius Jean Antonin Mercie]], skulptor * [[Hugues Merle]], maalikunstnik * [[Emile Munier]], maalikunstnik * [[Léon Bazile Perrault]], maalikunstnik * [[Georges Rochegrosse]], maalikunstnik * [[Lionel-Noël Royer]], maalikunstnik * [[Louis-Frederic Schützenberger]], maalikunstnik * [[Guillaume Seignac]], maalikunstnik * [[Joseph-Noël Sylvestre]], maalikunstnik * [[Auguste Toulmouche]], maalikunstnik === Rootsi === * [[Julius Kronberg]], maalikunstnik * [[Georg von Rosen]], maalikunstnik === Saksamaa === * [[Anselm Feuerbach]], maalikunstnik * [[Wilhelm von Kaulbach]], maalikunstnik * [[Franz von Lenbach]], maalikunstnik * [[Karl von Piloty]], maalikunstnik === Soome === * === Suurbritannia === * Sir [[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]], maalikunstnik * Sir [[Charles Lock Eastlake]], maalikunstnik * Sir [[Alfred Gilbert]], skulptor * [[John William Godward]], maalikunstnik * [[Frederick Goodall]], maalikunstnik * [[Edwin Henry Landseer]], maalikunstnik ja skulptor * [[Frederic Leighton]], 1st Baron Leighton, maalikunstnik ja skulptor * [[Albert Moore]], maalikunstnik * Sir [[Alfred Munnings]], maalikunstnik * Sir [[Edward John Poynter]], maalikunstnik * [[Alfred Stevens]], skulptor * [[George Frederic Watts]], maalikunstnik === Šveits === * [[Charles Gleyre]], maalikunstnik * [[Fritz Zuber-Buhler]], maalikunstnik === Tšehhi === * [[Václav Brožík]], maalikunstnik * [[Vojtěch Hynais]], maalikunstnik === Ungari === * [[Károly Lotz]], maalikunstnik * [[Gyula Benczúr]], maalikunstnik === Uruguay === * [[Juan Manuel Blanes]], maalikunstnik === Venemaa === * [[Karl Brüllov]], maalikunstnik * [[Fjodor Bruni]], maalikunstnik * [[Aleksandr Ivanov (maalikunstnik)|Aleksandr Ivanov]], maalikunstnik * [[Konstantin Makovskii]], maalikunstnik * [[Carl Timoleon von Neff]], maalikunstnik == Lisalugemist == * ''Art and the Academy in the Nineteenth Century''. (2000). Denis, Rafael Cordoso & Trodd, Colin (Eds). Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2795-3 * ''L'Art-Pompier''. (1998). Lécharny, Louis-Marie, Que sais-je?, Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-049341-6 * ''L'Art pompier: immagini, significati, presenze dell'altro Ottocento francese (1860-1890)''. (1997). Luderin, Pierpaolo, Pocket library of studies in art, Olschki. 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