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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Positive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Negative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_parodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_parodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Impact and parodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_parodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Auto-Tune</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ضبط تلقائي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضبط تلقائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antares_Auto-Tune" title="Antares Auto-Tune – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antares Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="اتوتیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتوتیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%8A%A0" title="오토튠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오토튠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95-%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אוטו-טיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטו-טיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="オートチューン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オートチューン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Auto-Tune" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%B0%83%E8%B0%90" title="自动调谐 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="自动调谐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q784762#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Auto-Tune" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page 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QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Auto-Tune&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Audio processor that alters pitch</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Auto-Tune</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autotuneevo6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Autotuneevo6.jpg/220px-Autotuneevo6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/23/Autotuneevo6.jpg/330px-Autotuneevo6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/23/Autotuneevo6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="288" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Auto-Tune running on <a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Andy Hildebrand</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Antares Audio Technologies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">September 19, 1997<span class="noprint">; 27 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1997-09-19</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntaresTech.com-2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">10<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pitch_correction" title="Pitch correction">Pitch correction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antarestech.com">www<wbr />.antarestech<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Auto-Tune</b> is <a href="/wiki/Audio_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio processor">audio processor</a> software released on September 19, 1997, by the American company <b>Antares Audio Technologies</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntaresTech.com-2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses a proprietary device to measure and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_correction" title="Pitch correction">correct pitch</a> in music.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It operates on different principles from the <a href="/wiki/Vocoder" title="Vocoder">vocoder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Talk_box" title="Talk box">talk box</a> and produces different results.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auto-Tune was initially intended to disguise or <a href="/wiki/Pitch_correction" title="Pitch correction">correct</a> <a href="/wiki/Off-key" title="Off-key">off-key</a> inaccuracies, allowing vocal tracks to be perfectly <a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning" title="Musical tuning">tuned</a>. The 1998 <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Believe_(Cher_song)" title="Believe (Cher song)">Believe</a>" popularized the technique of using Auto-Tune to distort vocals. Cher's song was produced with the assistance of the musical duo <a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trusso" title="Maxi Trusso">Roy Vedas</a>, who had released two months earlier the song "Fragments of Life", which features the technique. It has since been used by many artists in different genres, including <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-Pain" title="T-Pain">T-Pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>. In 2018, the music critic <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> observed that Auto-Tune had "revolutionized popular music", calling its use for effects "the fad that just wouldn't fade. Its use is now more entrenched than ever."<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audacity_GSnap_effect.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audacity_GSnap_effect.png/220px-Audacity_GSnap_effect.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audacity_GSnap_effect.png/330px-Audacity_GSnap_effect.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Audacity_GSnap_effect.png/440px-Audacity_GSnap_effect.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of <a href="/wiki/Audacity_(audio_editor)" title="Audacity (audio editor)">Audacity</a> showing <a href="/wiki/Spectrogram" title="Spectrogram">spectrograms</a> of an audio clip with <a href="/wiki/Portamento" title="Portamento">portamento</a> (upper panel) and the same clip after applying <a href="/wiki/Pitch_correction" title="Pitch correction">pitch correction</a> showing frequencies clamped to discrete values (lower panel)</figcaption></figure> <p>Auto-Tune is available as a <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-in</a> for <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">digital audio workstations</a> used in a studio setting and as a stand-alone, <a href="/wiki/Rack-mounted" class="mw-redirect" title="Rack-mounted">rack-mounted</a> unit for live performance processing.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The processor slightly shifts pitches to the nearest true, correct <a href="/wiki/Semitone" title="Semitone">semitone</a> (to the exact pitch of the nearest note in traditional <a href="/wiki/Equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">equal temperament</a>). Auto-Tune can also be used as an effect to <a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">distort</a> the human voice when pitch is raised or lowered significantly,<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such that the voice is heard to leap from note to note stepwise, like a <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Auto-Tune has become standard equipment in professional <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">recording studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Peavey_Electronics" title="Peavey Electronics">Peavey</a> AT-200 guitar seamlessly use Auto-Tune technology for real-time pitch correction.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg/220px-Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg/330px-Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg/440px-Root_Thumm_20100703_Japan_Expo_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Antares Vocal Processor AVP-1 (middle)</figcaption></figure> <p>Auto-Tune was developed by Andy Hildebrand, a Ph.D. research engineer who specialized in <a href="/wiki/Stochastic" title="Stochastic">stochastic</a> estimation theory and <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">digital signal processing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntaresTech.com-2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He conceived the vocal pitch correction technology on the suggestion of a colleague's wife, who had joked that she would benefit from a device to help her sing in tune.<sup id="cite_ref-Zachary-2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zachary-2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over several months in early 1996, Hildebrand implemented the algorithm on a custom <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> computer. Later that year, he presented the result at the <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Show" title="NAMM Show">NAMM Show</a>, where it became instantly popular.<sup id="cite_ref-Zachary-2016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zachary-2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hildebrand's method for <a href="/wiki/Pitch_detection_algorithm" title="Pitch detection algorithm">detecting pitch</a> involved <a href="/wiki/Autocorrelation" title="Autocorrelation">autocorrelation</a> and proved superior to attempts based on <a href="/wiki/Feature_extraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature extraction">feature extraction</a> that had problems processing elements such as <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a>, leading to sound <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(error)" title="Artifact (error)">artifacts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zachary-2016_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zachary-2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music engineers had previously considered autocorrelation impractical because of the massive computational effort required. Hildebrand found a mathematical method to overcome this, "a simplification [that] changed a million <a href="/wiki/Multiply%E2%80%93accumulate_operation" title="Multiply–accumulate operation">multiply adds</a> into just four".<sup id="cite_ref-Zachary-2016_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zachary-2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Auto-Tune <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a>, the referred implementation detail consists, when processing new samples, of reusing the former autocorrelation bin, and adding the product of the new sample with the older sample corresponding to a lag value, while subtracting the autocorrelation product of the sample that correspondingly got out of window.<sup id="cite_ref-patent_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patent-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, Auto-Tune was designed to discreetly correct imprecise intonations to make music more expressive, with the original patent asserting: "When voices or instruments are out of tune, the emotional qualities of the performance are lost."<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auto-Tune was launched in September 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntaresTech.com-2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11,_1998_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11%2C_1998_Cropped.jpg/220px-WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11%2C_1998_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11%2C_1998_Cropped.jpg/330px-WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11%2C_1998_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11%2C_1998_Cropped.jpg/440px-WKTU-FM%27s_Miracle_on_34th_Street_show_-_New_York_-_seen_on_December_11%2C_1998_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>The American singer <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a> (pictured in 1998) popularized Auto-Tune with her 1998 single "<a href="/wiki/Believe_(Cher_song)" title="Believe (Cher song)">Believe</a>".</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a> track "Funny Little Man", from the 1997 EP <a href="/wiki/Come_to_Daddy_(EP)" title="Come to Daddy (EP)"><i>Come To Daddy</i></a>, was one of the earliest songs to use Auto-Tune, released less than a month after Auto-Tune.<sup id="cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntaresTech.com-2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song "Fragments of Life" by the duo <a href="/wiki/Maxi_Trusso" title="Maxi Trusso">Roy Vedas</a> was released on August 17, 1998, heavily using the distorted Auto-Tune technique. <a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a>'s producer, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Taylor_(music_producer)" title="Mark Taylor (music producer)">Mark Taylor</a>, heard the song and brought the duo to assist in the production of a song for Cher utilizing similar distortion.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two months later, Cher's 1998 song "<a href="/wiki/Believe_(Cher_song)" title="Believe (Cher song)">Believe</a>" popularized distorted Auto-Tune vocals.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Auto-Tune was designed to be used subtly to correct vocal performances, the "Believe" producers used extreme settings to create unnaturally rapid corrections in Cher's vocals, thereby removing <a href="/wiki/Portamento" title="Portamento">portamento</a>, the natural slide between pitches in singing.<sup id="cite_ref-Frere-Jones-2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frere-Jones-2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Auto-Tune had been commercially available for about a year, according to <i>Pitchfork</i>, "Believe" was the first song "where the effect drew attention to itself ... announcing its technological artifice".<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an attempt to protect their method, the producers initially claimed the effect was achieved with a <a href="/wiki/Vocoder" title="Vocoder">vocoder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frere-Jones-2008_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frere-Jones-2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was widely imitated and became known as the "Cher effect".<sup id="cite_ref-Frere-Jones-2008_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frere-Jones-2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i>, 1999 "<a href="/wiki/Too_Much_of_Heaven" title="Too Much of Heaven">Too Much of Heaven</a>" by the Italian Europop group <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_65" title="Eiffel 65">Eiffel 65</a> features "the very first example of <a href="/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rapping</a> through Auto-Tune".<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eiffel 65 member <a href="/wiki/Gabry_Ponte" title="Gabry Ponte">Gabry Ponte</a> said they were inspired by Cher's "Believe".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English rock band <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> used Auto-Tune on their 2001 album <a href="/wiki/Amnesiac_(album)" title="Amnesiac (album)"><i>Amnesiac</i></a> to create a "nasal, depersonalized sound" and to process speech into melody. According to the Radiohead singer, <a href="/wiki/Thom_Yorke" title="Thom Yorke">Thom Yorke</a>, Auto-Tune "desperately tries to search for the music in your speech, and produces notes at random. If you've assigned it a key, you've got music."<sup id="cite_ref-REYNOLDS_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REYNOLDS-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the 2000s, <a href="/wiki/T-Pain" title="T-Pain">T-Pain</a> used Auto-Tune extensively, further popularizing the use of the effect.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He cited the <a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">new jack swing</a> producer <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Riley_(producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teddy Riley (producer)">Teddy Riley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> artist <a href="/wiki/Roger_Troutman" title="Roger Troutman">Roger Troutman</a>'s use of the <a href="/wiki/Talk_box" title="Talk box">talk box</a> as inspirations.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> T-Pain became so associated with Auto-Tune that he had an iPhone app named after him that simulated the effect, "I Am T-Pain".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually dubbed the "T-Pain effect",<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the use of Auto-Tune became a fixture of late 2000s music, where it was used in other hip hop/R&B artists' works, including <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">single</a> "<a href="/wiki/Sexual_Eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual Eruption">Sexual Eruption</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lil_Wayne" title="Lil Wayne">Lil Wayne</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Lollipop_(Lil_Wayne_song)" title="Lollipop (Lil Wayne song)">Lollipop</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>'s album <i><a href="/wiki/808s_%26_Heartbreak" title="808s & Heartbreak">808s & Heartbreak</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009 the <a href="/wiki/Black_Eyed_Peas" title="Black Eyed Peas">Black Eyed Peas</a>' number-one hit "<a href="/wiki/Boom_Boom_Pow" title="Boom Boom Pow">Boom Boom Pow</a>", made heavy use of Auto-Tune on their vocals to create a futuristic sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of Auto-Tune in hip hop gained a resurgence in the mid-2010s, especially in <a href="/wiki/Trap_music" title="Trap music">trap music</a>. <a href="/wiki/Future_(rapper)" title="Future (rapper)">Future</a> and <a href="/wiki/Young_Thug" title="Young Thug">Young Thug</a> are widely considered to be the pioneers of modern trap music and have mentored or inspired popular artists such as <a href="/wiki/Lil_Baby" title="Lil Baby">Lil Baby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunna_(rapper)" title="Gunna (rapper)">Gunna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playboi_Carti" title="Playboi Carti">Playboi Carti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_Scott" title="Travis Scott">Travis Scott</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lil_Uzi_Vert" title="Lil Uzi Vert">Lil Uzi Vert</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitchfork_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The effect has also become popular in <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">raï</a> music and other genres from Northern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Herald" title="Boston Herald">Boston Herald</a></i>, the country singers <a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shania_Twain" title="Shania Twain">Shania Twain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tim_McGraw" title="Tim McGraw">Tim McGraw</a> use Auto-Tune in performance, calling it a safety net that guarantees a good performance.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other country singers, such as <a href="/wiki/Allison_Moorer" title="Allison Moorer">Allison Moorer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Big_%26_Rich" title="Big & Rich">Big & Rich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trisha_Yearwood" title="Trisha Yearwood">Trisha Yearwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vince_Gill" title="Vince Gill">Vince Gill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martina_McBride" title="Martina McBride">Martina McBride</a>, have refused to use Auto-Tune.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive">Positive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Positive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some critics have argued that Auto-Tune opens up new possibilities in pop music, especially in <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>. Instead of using it as a correction tool for poor vocals—its original purpose—some musicians intentionally use the technology to mediate and augment their artistic expression. When the electronic duo <a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a> was questioned about their use of Auto-Tune in their single "<a href="/wiki/One_More_Time_(Daft_Punk_song)" title="One More Time (Daft Punk song)">One More Time</a>", <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bangalter" title="Thomas Bangalter">Thomas Bangalter</a> replied, "A lot of people complain about musicians using Auto-Tune. It reminds me of the late '70s when musicians in France tried to ban the synthesizer... They didn't see that you could use those tools in a new way instead of just for replacing the instruments that came before."<sup id="cite_ref-Robopop_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robopop-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/T-Pain" title="T-Pain">T-Pain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> singer and rapper who reintroduced the use of Auto-Tune as a vocal effect in pop music with his album <i><a href="/wiki/Rappa_Ternt_Sanga" title="Rappa Ternt Sanga">Rappa Ternt Sanga</a></i> in 2005, said, "My dad always told me that anyone's voice is just another instrument added to the music. There was a time when people had seven-minute songs, and five minutes were just straight instrumental. ... I got a lot of influence from [the '60s era]. I thought I might as well turn my voice into a saxophone."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following in T-Pain's footsteps, <a href="/wiki/Lil_Wayne" title="Lil Wayne">Lil Wayne</a> experimented with Auto-Tune between his albums <i><a href="/wiki/Tha_Carter_II" title="Tha Carter II">Tha Carter II</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tha_Carter_III" title="Tha Carter III">Tha Carter III</a></i>. At the time, he was heavily addicted to <a href="/wiki/Purple_drank" class="mw-redirect" title="Purple drank">promethazine codeine</a>, and some critics see Auto-Tune as a musical expression of Wayne's loneliness and depression.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Anthony_Neal" title="Mark Anthony Neal">Mark Anthony Neal</a> wrote that Lil Wayne's vocal uniqueness, his "slurs, blurs, bleeps and blushes of his vocals, index some variety of trauma."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And Kevin Driscoll asks, "Is Auto-Tune not the <a href="/wiki/Wah-wah_pedal" title="Wah-wah pedal">wah pedal</a> of today's black pop? Before he transformed himself into T-Wayne on "<a href="/wiki/Lollipop_(Lil_Wayne_song)" title="Lollipop (Lil Wayne song)">Lollipop</a>", Wayne's pop presence was limited to guest verses and unauthorized freestyles. In the same way that Miles equipped <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Hendrix</a> to stay pop-relevant, Wayne's flirtation with the VST plugin du jour brought him updial from <a href="/wiki/WJMN_(FM)" title="WJMN (FM)">JAMN 94.5</a> to <a href="/wiki/WXKS-FM" title="WXKS-FM">KISS 108</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/808s_%26_Heartbreak" title="808s & Heartbreak">808s & Heartbreak</a></i> was generally well received by critics, and it similarly used Auto-Tune to represent a fragmented soul, following his mother's death.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album marks a departure from his previous album, <i><a href="/wiki/Graduation_(album)" title="Graduation (album)">Graduation</a></i>. Describing the album as a breakup album, <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i> music critic <a href="/wiki/Jody_Rosen" title="Jody Rosen">Jody Rosen</a> wrote, "Kanye can't really sing in the classic sense, but he's not trying to. T-Pain taught the world that Auto-Tune doesn't just sharpen flat notes: It's a painterly device for enhancing vocal expressiveness and upping the pathos ... Kanye's digitized vocals are the sound of a man so stupefied by grief, he's become less than human."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> <a href="/wiki/Conor_Maynard" title="Conor Maynard">Conor Maynard</a>, who received criticism for his use of Auto-Tune, defended it in an interview on the <i>Zach Sang Show</i> in 2019, stating: "It doesn't mean you can't sing ... Auto-Tune can't make anyone who can't sing sound like they can sing ... It just tightens it up slightly because we're human and not perfect, whereas [Auto-Tune] is literally digitally perfect."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negative">Negative<span class="anchor" id="Artist_backlash"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Negative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/51st_Grammy_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="51st Grammy Awards">51st Grammy Awards</a> in 2009, the band <a href="/wiki/Death_Cab_for_Cutie" title="Death Cab for Cutie">Death Cab for Cutie</a> made an appearance wearing blue ribbons to protest the use of Auto-Tune.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> titled the lead single of his album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blueprint_3" title="The Blueprint 3">The Blueprint 3</a></i> as "<a href="/wiki/D.O.A._(Death_of_Auto-Tune)" title="D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune)">D.O.A. (Death of Auto-Tune)</a>". Jay-Z said he wrote the song because of personal beliefs that the trend had become a gimmick that had become too widely used.<sup id="cite_ref-Hot_97_Premiere_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hot_97_Premiere-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> appeared in public in Los Angeles on August 10, 2009, wearing a T-shirt that read "Auto Tune is for Pussies". When interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Radio">Sirius/XM</a>, she said Auto-Tune could be used "in a creative way" and noted her song "Elastic Love" from <i><a href="/wiki/Bionic_(Christina_Aguilera_album)" title="Bionic (Christina Aguilera album)">Bionic</a></i> uses it.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opponents have argued that Auto-Tune has a negative effect on society's perception and consumption of music. In 2004, the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i> music critic Neil McCormick called Auto-Tune a "particularly sinister invention that has been putting an extra shine on pop vocals since the 1990s" by taking "a poorly sung note and transpos[ing] it, placing it dead centre of where it was meant to be".<sup id="cite_ref-TheAge_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheAge-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Neko_Case" title="Neko Case">Neko Case</a> said a studio employee once told her that she and <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Furtado" title="Nelly Furtado">Nelly Furtado</a> were the only singers who had never used it in his studio. Case said "it's cool that she has some integrity".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> quoted an unnamed Grammy-winning recording engineer as saying, "Let's just say I've had Auto-Tune save vocals on everything from <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> cast albums. And every singer now presumes that you'll just run their voice through the box." The same article expressed "hope that pop's fetish for uniform perfect pitch will fade", speculating that pop-music songs have become harder to differentiate from one another, as "track after track has perfect pitch."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lord-Alge" title="Tom Lord-Alge">Tom Lord-Alge</a>, Auto-Tune is used on nearly every record these days.<sup id="cite_ref-Milner_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milner-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the reality TV show <i><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The X Factor (UK)">The X Factor</a></i> admitted to using Auto-Tune to improve the voices of contestants.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2010, <i>Time</i> included Auto-Tune in their list of "The 50 Worst Inventions".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Used by stars from <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lil_Wayne" title="Lil Wayne">Lil Wayne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> and Cher, Auto-Tune has been criticized as indicative of an inability to <a href="/wiki/Off-key" title="Off-key">sing on key</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-upvenue_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upvenue-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stuff_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trey_Parker" title="Trey Parker">Trey Parker</a> used Auto-Tune on the <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> song "<a href="/wiki/Fishsticks_(South_Park)" title="Fishsticks (South Park)">Gay Fish</a>", and found that he had to sing off-key in order to sound distorted; he said, "You had to be a bad singer in order for that thing to actually sound the way it does. If you use it and sing into it correctly, it doesn't do anything to your voice."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The singer <a href="/wiki/Kesha" title="Kesha">Kesha</a> has used Auto-Tune in her songs extensively, putting her vocal talent under scrutiny.<sup id="cite_ref-stuff_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the producer <a href="/wiki/Rick_Rubin" title="Rick Rubin">Rick Rubin</a> wrote that "Right now, if you listen to pop, everything is in perfect pitch, perfect time and perfect tune. That's how ubiquitous Auto-Tune is."<sup id="cite_ref-time2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Time</i> journalist <a href="/wiki/Josh_Tyrangiel" title="Josh Tyrangiel">Josh Tyrangiel</a> called Auto-Tune "<a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a> for the human voice".<sup id="cite_ref-time2_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bubl%C3%A9" title="Michael Bublé">Michael Bublé</a> criticized Auto-Tune as making everyone sound the same – "like robots" – but said he used when recording pop music.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ellie_Goulding" title="Ellie Goulding">Ellie Goulding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sheeran" title="Ed Sheeran">Ed Sheeran</a> have called for honesty in live shows by joining the "Live Means Live" campaign. "Live Means Live" was launched by songwriter/composer <a href="/wiki/David_Mindel" title="David Mindel">David Mindel</a>. When a band displays the "Live Means Live" logo, the audience knows, "there's no Auto-Tune, nothing that isn't 100 percent live" in the show, and there are no <a href="/wiki/Backing_track" title="Backing track">backing tracks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, multiple creators on the social media platform <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> were accused of using Auto-Tune in post-production to correct the pitch of singing videos presented to appear as live, casual performances.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_parodies">Impact and parodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Impact and parodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The US TV comedy series <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> parodied Auto-Tune using the fictional white rapper <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Man" title="Blizzard Man">Blizzard Man</a>, who sang in a sketch: "Robot voice, robot voice! All the kids love the robot voice!"<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Satirist <a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a> poked fun at the overuse of Auto-Tune, while commenting that it seemed here to stay, in a YouTube video commented on by various publications such as <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 2009, the use of Auto-Tune to create melodies from the audio in video newscasts was popularized by Brooklyn musician Michael Gregory, and later by the band <a href="/wiki/The_Gregory_Brothers" title="The Gregory Brothers">the Gregory Brothers</a> in their series <i><a href="/wiki/Songify_the_News" title="Songify the News">Songify the News</a></i>. The Gregory Brothers digitally manipulated the recorded voices of politicians, news anchors, and political pundits to conform to a melody, making the figures appear to sing.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group achieved mainstream success with their "<a href="/wiki/Bed_Intruder_Song" title="Bed Intruder Song">Bed Intruder Song</a>" video, which became the most-watched <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> season 12 episode 14, "<a href="/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Blecch" title="New Kids on the Blecch">New Kids on the Blecch</a>", satirizes the use of Auto-Tune. In 2014, during season 18 of the animated show <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i>, the character <a href="/wiki/Randy_and_Sharon_Marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Randy and Sharon Marsh">Randy Marsh</a> uses Auto-Tune software to make the singing voice of <a href="/wiki/Lorde" title="Lorde">Lorde</a>. In episode 3, "<a href="/wiki/The_Cissy" title="The Cissy">The Cissy</a>", Randy shows his son Stan how he does it on his computer.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling" title="Audio time stretching and pitch scaling">Audio time stretching and pitch scaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celemony_Software#Melodyne" title="Celemony Software">Melodyne</a>, a similar product</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overproduction_(music)" title="Overproduction (music)">Overproduction (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotic_voice_effects" title="Robotic voice effects">Robotic voice effects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AntaresTech.com-2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AntaresTech.com-2000_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000819080205/http://www.antarestech.com/files/news.html">"Antares News"</a>. <i>AntaresTech.com</i>. August 19, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antarestech.com/files/news.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AntaresTech.com&rft.atitle=Antares+News&rft.date=2000-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antarestech.com%2Ffiles%2Fnews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Preve, Francis. "Antares Kantos 1.0 Audio Synthesizer (PC/Mac)." Keyboard 28, no. 10 (10, 2002): 92-95, 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.antarestech.com/products/auto-tune/pro">"Auto-Tune Pro X"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MTV&rft.atitle=Jay-Z+Blames+Wendy%27s+Commercial%E2%80%94Partially%E2%80%94For+His+%27Death+Of+Auto-Tune%27&rft.date=2009-06-10&rft.au=Reid%2C+Shaheem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1613694%2F20090610%2Fjay_z.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernallisHerzogRichardson2017" class="citation book cs1">Vernallis, Carol; Herzog, Amy; Richardson, John (August 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XWHSAQAAQBAJ&q=christina+aguilera+auto+tune+is+for+pussies&pg=PA165"><i>The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Image in Digital Media</i></a>. OUP USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199757640" title="Special:BookSources/9780199757640"><bdi>9780199757640</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502001932/https://books.google.com/books?id=XWHSAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=christina+aguilera+auto+tune+is+for+pussies&source=bl&ots=pvISBP4fX2&sig=F2bjNA3R4zu59UY00S66YfT-C7o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KYGYUuPFJumSiAfjoIDQCA&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=christina+aguilera+auto+tune+is+for+pussies&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Sound+and+Image+in+Digital+Media&rft.pub=OUP+USA&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft.isbn=9780199757640&rft.aulast=Vernallis&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.au=Herzog%2C+Amy&rft.au=Richardson%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXWHSAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dchristina%2Baguilera%2Bauto%2Btune%2Bis%2Bfor%2Bpussies%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheAge-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheAge_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick2004" class="citation news cs1">McCormick, Neil (October 13, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/12/1097406567855.html">"The truth about lip-synching"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. Melbourne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115020027/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/10/12/1097406567855.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=The+truth+about+lip-synching&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2004%2F10%2F12%2F1097406567855.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan_Dombal2006" class="citation web cs1">Ryan Dombal (April 10, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/31252-interview-neko-case">"Interview: Neko Case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitchfork Media">Pitchfork Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501002800/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/31252-interview-neko-case">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Neko+Case&rft.pub=Pitchfork+Media&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft.au=Ryan+Dombal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitchforkmedia.com%2Farticle%2Ffeature%2F31252-interview-neko-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tyrangiel, Josh, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1877372-2,00.html">Singer's Little Helper</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210130008/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1877372-2,00.html">Archived</a> 2009-02-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 5 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Milner-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Milner_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milner, Greg (2009). <i>Perfecting Sound Forever</i>, p. 343. Faber and Faber. Cited in Hodgson (2010), p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11056050">"X Factor admits tweaking vocals"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. August 23, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925124351/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11056050">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=X+Factor+admits+tweaking+vocals&rft.date=2010-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-11056050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1991915_1991909_1991903,00.html">Auto-Tune: The 50 Worst Inventions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515130413/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1991915_1991909_1991903,00.html">Archived</a> 2011-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-upvenue-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-upvenue_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upvenue.com/music-news/blog-headline/1091/tuym-auto-tune-or-how-anyone-can-sing.html">"Auto-Tune or How Anyone Can Sing"</a>. <i>Up Venue</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129035312/http://www.upvenue.com/music-news/blog-headline/1091/tuym-auto-tune-or-how-anyone-can-sing.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Up+Venue&rft.atitle=Auto-Tune+or+How+Anyone+Can+Sing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upvenue.com%2Fmusic-news%2Fblog-headline%2F1091%2Ftuym-auto-tune-or-how-anyone-can-sing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stuff-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stuff_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stuff_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2010" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Vicki (June 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/digital-living/3812583/Those-who-can-t-sing-use-auto-tune">"Those who can't sing use auto-tune"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuff.co.nz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuff.co.nz">Stuff.co.nz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612170034/http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/digital-living/3812583/Those-who-can-t-sing-use-auto-tune">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stuff.co.nz&rft.atitle=Those+who+can%27t+sing+use+auto-tune&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Vicki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Ftechnology%2Fdigital-living%2F3812583%2FThose-who-can-t-sing-use-auto-tune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2011" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Andrew (March 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/858783-danny-odonoghue-i-hate-auto-tune-its-for-people-who-cant-sing">"Danny O'Donoghue: I hate Auto-Tune, it's for people who can't sing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Newspapers_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Newspapers Ltd">Associated Newspapers Ltd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102092321/http://www.metro.co.uk/showbiz/858783-danny-odonoghue-i-hate-auto-tune-its-for-people-who-cant-sing">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Danny+O%27Donoghue%3A+I+hate+Auto-Tune%2C+it%27s+for+people+who+can%27t+sing&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metro.co.uk%2Fshowbiz%2F858783-danny-odonoghue-i-hate-auto-tune-its-for-people-who-cant-sing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111228015711/http://music.msn.com/music/article.aspx?news=659325">"Britney unplugged: Can Spears (actually) sing without 'Auto-Tune'?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://music.msn.com/music/article.aspx?news=659325">the original</a> on December 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Britney+unplugged%3A+Can+Spears+%28actually%29+sing+without+%27Auto-Tune%27%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusic.msn.com%2Fmusic%2Farticle.aspx%3Fnews%3D659325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/auto-tune.html">"Auto-Tune (Documentary)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">NOVA</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121029112430/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/auto-tune.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOVA&rft.atitle=Auto-Tune+%28Documentary%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Ftech%2Fauto-tune.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4EGYmyC4m4">"Trey Parker on Auto-Tuning"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605200057/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4EGYmyC4m4">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Trey+Parker+on+Auto-Tuning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DZ4EGYmyC4m4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed2011" class="citation news cs1">Reed, James (April 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2011/04/08/james_reed_explains_why_keha_is_the_pop_star_we_love_to_hate/?page=2">"The pop star we love to hate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">NY Times Co</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175243/https://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2011/04/08/james_reed_explains_why_keha_is_the_pop_star_we_love_to_hate/?page=2">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=The+pop+star+we+love+to+hate&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fae%2Fmusic%2Farticles%2F2011%2F04%2F08%2Fjames_reed_explains_why_keha_is_the_pop_star_we_love_to_hate%2F%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdickman2011" class="citation web cs1">Adickman, Erika Brooke (June 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idolator.com/5921542/kesha-team-coco-auto-tune">"OMG! Ke$ha Admits To Using Auto-Tune"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Idolator_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idolator (website)">Idolator</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Buzz Media">Buzz Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130126105457/http://idolator.com/5921542/kesha-team-coco-auto-tune">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idolator&rft.atitle=OMG%21+Ke%24ha+Admits+To+Using+Auto-Tune&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft.aulast=Adickman&rft.aufirst=Erika+Brooke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidolator.com%2F5921542%2Fkesha-team-coco-auto-tune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigpondnews.com/articles/Entertainment/2012/10/18/I_can_sing_without_Auto-Tune-_Kesha_807243.html">"I can sing without Auto-Tune- Kesha"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BigPond" class="mw-redirect" title="BigPond">BigPond</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BigPond&rft.atitle=I+can+sing+without+Auto-Tune-+Kesha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigpondnews.com%2Farticles%2FEntertainment%2F2012%2F10%2F18%2FI_can_sing_without_Auto-Tune-_Kesha_807243.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosker2010" class="citation news cs1">Bosker, Bianca (May 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/10/keha-autotune-video-star_n_570712.html">"Ke$ha Claims Not To Use Autotune (VIDEO): Does She Or Doesn't She?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120823100503/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/10/keha-autotune-video-star_n_570712.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Ke%24ha+Claims+Not+To+Use+Autotune+%28VIDEO%29%3A+Does+She+Or+Doesn%27t+She%3F&rft.date=2010-05-10&rft.aulast=Bosker&rft.aufirst=Bianca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F05%2F10%2Fkeha-autotune-video-star_n_570712.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time2-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time2_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time2_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyrangiel2009" class="citation news cs1">Tyrangiel, Josh (February 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023021402/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1877372,00.html">"Auto-Tune: Why Pop Music Sounds Perfect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1877372,00.html">the original</a> on October 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Auto-Tune%3A+Why+Pop+Music+Sounds+Perfect&rft.date=2009-02-05&rft.aulast=Tyrangiel&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1877372%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3news.co.nz/Buble-Auto-Tune-is-overused/tabid/418/articleID/292609/Default.aspx">"Buble: Auto-Tune is 'overused'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>3 News NZ</i>. April 2, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107032757/http://www.3news.co.nz/Buble-Auto-Tune-is-overused/tabid/418/articleID/292609/Default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=3+News+NZ&rft.atitle=Buble%3A+Auto-Tune+is+%27overused%27&rft.date=2013-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3news.co.nz%2FBuble-Auto-Tune-is-overused%2Ftabid%2F418%2FarticleID%2F292609%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardeman2014" class="citation web cs1">Hardeman, Simon (December 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/live-ish-at-a-venue-near-you-are-miming-rock-stars-undermining-the-music-experience-9920527.html">"Live (ish) at a venue near you: Are miming rock stars undermining the music experience?: The rock band that plays completely live, with no pre-recorded backing tracks or extended samples, is becoming rarer and rarer"</a>. <i>www.independent.co.uk</i>. Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005050625/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/live-ish-at-a-venue-near-you-are-miming-rock-stars-undermining-the-music-experience-9920527.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Live+%28ish%29+at+a+venue+near+you%3A+Are+miming+rock+stars+undermining+the+music+experience%3F%3A+The+rock+band+that+plays+completely+live%2C+with+no+pre-recorded+backing+tracks+or+extended+samples%2C+is+becoming+rarer+and+rarer&rft.date=2014-12-12&rft.aulast=Hardeman&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Flive-ish-at-a-venue-near-you-are-miming-rock-stars-undermining-the-music-experience-9920527.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrimmins" class="citation web cs1">Crimmins, Tricia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/irl/tiktok-singers-autotune/">"Those impressive TikTok singing videos might not be for real"</a>. <i>The Daily Dot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=Those+impressive+TikTok+singing+videos+might+not+be+for+real&rft.aulast=Crimmins&rft.aufirst=Tricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Firl%2Ftiktok-singers-autotune%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screen.yahoo.com/blizzard-man-2-000000059.html">"Blizzard Man 2 | Saturday Night Live - Yahoo Screen"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330143016/https://screen.yahoo.com/blizzard-man-2-000000059.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blizzard+Man+2+%26%23124%3B+Saturday+Night+Live+-+Yahoo+Screen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreen.yahoo.com%2Fblizzard-man-2-000000059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snltranscripts.jt.org/08/08iblizzard.phtml">"SNL Transcripts: Tim McGraw: 11/22/08: Blizzard Man"</a>. <i>snltranscripts.jt.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702224007/http://snltranscripts.jt.org/08/08iblizzard.phtml">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=snltranscripts.jt.org&rft.atitle=SNL+Transcripts%3A+Tim+McGraw%3A+11%2F22%2F08%3A+Blizzard+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnltranscripts.jt.org%2F08%2F08iblizzard.phtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThill2009" class="citation news cs1">Thill, Scott (November 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/underwire/2009/11/will-auto-tune-ever-die-ask-know-your-meme-and-weird-al/">"Will Auto-Tune Die? Ask Know Your Meme and 'Weird Al'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170309221508/https://www.wired.com/underwire/2009/11/will-auto-tune-ever-die-ask-know-your-meme-and-weird-al/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Will+Auto-Tune+Die%3F+Ask+Know+Your+Meme+and+%27Weird+Al%27&rft.date=2009-11-16&rft.aulast=Thill&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Funderwire%2F2009%2F11%2Fwill-auto-tune-ever-die-ask-know-your-meme-and-weird-al%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/09/15/auto.tune.news.iphone/index.html">"Band's Parody Helps Keep Auto-Tune Alive"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2009/TECH/09/15/auto.tune.news.iphone/">[1]</a>, John D. Sutter, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1893867,00.html">"Auto-Tune the News"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315032856/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1893867,00.html">Archived</a> 2010-03-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Claire Suddath, <i>Time</i>, April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/12/double-rainbows-annoying-oranges-and.html">"Double rainbows, annoying oranges, and bed intruders: the year on YouTube"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223211440/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/12/double-rainbows-annoying-oranges-and.html">Archived</a> 2010-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> YouTube Blog, Dec 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeggs2015" class="citation web cs1">Heggs, Melanie (February 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425123429/http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/47957/20150221/sia-confirms-involvement-south-park-lorde-parody-chandelier-singer-figured-royals-artist-would-find-funny.htm">"Sia Confirms Involvement In 'South Park' Lorde Parody, 'Chandelier' Singer Figured 'Royals' Artist Would 'Find It Funny'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Fashion & Style. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/47957/20150221/sia-confirms-involvement-south-park-lorde-parody-chandelier-singer-figured-royals-artist-would-find-funny.htm">the original</a> on April 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sia+Confirms+Involvement+In+%27South+Park%27+Lorde+Parody%2C+%27Chandelier%27+Singer+Figured+%27Royals%27+Artist+Would+%27Find+It+Funny%27&rft.pub=Fashion+%26+Style&rft.date=2015-02-21&rft.aulast=Heggs&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fashionnstyle.com%2Farticles%2F47957%2F20150221%2Fsia-confirms-involvement-south-park-lorde-parody-chandelier-singer-figured-royals-artist-would-find-funny.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auto-Tune&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan_Dombal2006" class="citation web cs1">Ryan Dombal (April 10, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501002800/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/31252-interview-neko-case">"Interview: Neko Case"</a>. Pitchfork. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/31252-interview-neko-case">the original</a> on May 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Neko+Case&rft.pub=Pitchfork&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft.au=Ryan+Dombal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitchforkmedia.com%2Farticle%2Ffeature%2F31252-interview-neko-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuto-Tune" class="Z3988"></span> – artistic integrity and Auto-Tune</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a> <a href="/wiki/Q_(radio_show)" title="Q (radio show)">Q</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/podcasting/pastpodcasts.html?42#ref42">The Podcast for Thursday June 25, 2009</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316203801/http://podcast.cbc.ca/mp3/qpodcast_20090625_17492.mp3">MP3</a> – NPR's Tom Moon on the takeover of the Auto-Tune.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0401/03.html">"Auto-Tune"</a>, <a href="/wiki/NOVA_scienceNOW" class="mw-redirect" title="NOVA scienceNOW">NOVA scienceNOW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS TV</a>, June 30, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/andy-hildebrand">Andy Hildebrand Interview</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Oral_History_Program" title="NAMM Oral History Program">NAMM Oral History Collection</a> (2012)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Music_technology" title="Template:Music technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Music_technology" title="Template talk:Music technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Music_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Music technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(mechanical)" title="Music technology (mechanical)">Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electric)" title="Music technology (electric)">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Electronic and digital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">Sound recording</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio channel">Audio channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binaural_recording" title="Binaural recording">Binaural recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">Digital audio workstation</a> (DAW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">Equalizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone_preamplifier" title="Microphone preamplifier">Microphone preamplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">Multitrack recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Music production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Music sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outboard_gear" title="Outboard gear">Outboard gear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_audio_formats" title="Timeline of audio formats">Recording media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">Magnetic tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact cassette">Compact cassette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">Compact disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_recorder" title="Hard disk recorder">Hard disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog recording</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">Amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">Cassette deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_analog_and_digital_recording" title="Comparison of analog and digital recording">Comparison of analog and digital recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_musical_instrument" title="Experimental musical instrument">Experimental musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Phonograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">Player piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel_audio_tape_recording" title="Reel-to-reel audio tape recording">Reel-to-reel audio tape recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">Tape recorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Playback transducers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">Loudspeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">PA system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">Sound reinforcement system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">Speaker enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">Subwoofer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">Digital audio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">Digital recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processing" title="Digital signal processing">Digital signal processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">Live music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">Bass amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Foldback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">Guitar amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier" title="Keyboard amplifier">Keyboard amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">PA system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">Sound reinforcement system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_bending" title="Circuit bending">Circuit bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic drums">Electronic drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">Electronic musical instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI_controller" title="MIDI controller">MIDI controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_workstation" title="Music workstation">Music workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">Sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_module" title="Sound module">Sound module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theremin" title="Theremin">Theremin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio editor">Digital audio editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">Digital audio workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProTools" class="mw-redirect" title="ProTools">ProTools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorewriter" title="Scorewriter">Scorewriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_effect_processor" title="Software effect processor">Software effect processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_sampler" class="mw-redirect" title="Software sampler">Software sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_synthesizer" title="Software synthesizer">Software synthesizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_tech" title="Guitar tech">Guitar technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_engineer" title="Mixing engineer">Mixing engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitor engineer">Monitor engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuner" class="mw-redirect" title="Piano tuner">Piano tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-recording_mixer" title="Re-recording mixer">Re-recording mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound designer">Sound designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_follower" title="Sound follower">Sound follower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound operator">Sound operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">Sound recording engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_op" title="Tape op">Tape op</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Engineering_Society" title="Audio Engineering Society">Audio Engineering Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goji_Electronics" title="Goji Electronics">Goji Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Broadcast_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Broadcast Sound">Institute of Broadcast Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lejaren_Hiller" title="Lejaren Hiller">Lejaren Hiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Mathews" title="Max Mathews">Max Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_Electronics_Library" title="Musical Electronics Library">Musical Electronics Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Lighting_and_Sound_Association" title="Professional Lighting and Sound Association">Professional Lighting and Sound Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moog" title="Robert Moog">Robert Moog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEIM" title="STEIM">STEIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiophile" title="Audiophile">Audiophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fidelity" title="High fidelity">High fidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_audio" title="Home audio">Home audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_store" title="Music store">Music store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_audio_store" title="Professional audio store">Professional audio store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Interfaces_for_Musical_Expression" title="New Interfaces for Musical Expression">New Interfaces for Musical Expression</a> (NIME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_audio" title="Vehicle audio">Vehicle audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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