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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-記憶體的特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#記憶體的特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>記憶體的特性</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-記憶體的特性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关記憶體的特性子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-記憶體的特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-容量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#容量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>容量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-容量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-揮發性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#揮發性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>揮發性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-揮發性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-讀寫性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#讀寫性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>讀寫性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-讀寫性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-存取法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#存取法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>存取法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-存取法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定址法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定址法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>定址法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定址法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-效能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#效能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>效能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-效能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>分類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-揮發性記憶體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#揮發性記憶體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>揮發性記憶體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-揮發性記憶體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非揮發性記憶體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非揮發性記憶體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>非揮發性記憶體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非揮發性記憶體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-記憶體階層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#記憶體階層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>記憶體階層</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-記憶體階層-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关記憶體階層子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-記憶體階層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-第一級記憶體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一級記憶體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>第一級記憶體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一級記憶體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二級記憶體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二級記憶體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>第二級記憶體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二級記憶體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第三級記憶體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三級記憶體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>第三級記憶體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三級記憶體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">電腦記憶體</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。60种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8" title="تخزين بيانات الحاسوب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تخزين بيانات الحاسوب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCter_m%C9%99lumatlar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_saxlanmas%C4%B1" title="Kompüter məlumatlarının saxlanması – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompüter məlumatlarının saxlanması" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کامپیوتر دیتا ساخلاماسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کامپیوتر دیتا ساخلاماسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Съхранение на компютърни данни – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съхранение на компютърни данни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="কম্পিউটার মেমরি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কম্পিউটার মেমরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memor_elektronek" title="Memor elektronek – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Memor elektronek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorija_ra%C4%8Dunara" title="Memorija računara – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Memorija računara" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ria_d%27ordinador" title="Memòria d'ordinador – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memòria d'ordinador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1" title="کۆگەی دراوەی کۆمپیوتەر – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆگەی دراوەی کۆمپیوتەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronick%C3%A1_pam%C4%9B%C5%A5" title="Elektronická paměť – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronická paměť" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_hukommelse" title="Digital hukommelse – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Digital hukommelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BD%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE" title="Μνήμη υπολογιστή – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μνήμη υπολογιστή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer data storage" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoro_(komputiko)" title="Memoro (komputiko) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memoro (komputiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Memoria (informática) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memoria (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4lu_(arvuti)" title="Mälu (arvuti) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mälu (arvuti)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_(informatika)" title="Memoria (informatika) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Memoria (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="ذخیره‌سازی داده رایانه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ذخیره‌سازی داده رایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moire_(informatique)" title="Mémoire (informatique) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémoire (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3r%C3%A1il_sonra%C3%AD_r%C3%ADomhaireachta" title="Stóráil sonraí ríomhaireachta – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stóráil sonraí ríomhaireachta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_principal" title="Memoria principal – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Memoria principal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="कंप्यूटर स्मृति – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कंप्यूटर स्मृति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3ria_(sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1stechnika)" title="Memória (számítástechnika) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Memória (számítástechnika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Համակարգչային հիշողություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համակարգչային հիշողություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyimpanan_data_komputer" title="Penyimpanan data komputer – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyimpanan data komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagidulinan_ti_datos_ti_kompiuter" title="Pagidulinan ti datos ti kompiuter – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagidulinan ti datos ti kompiuter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_(elettronica)" title="Memoria (elettronica) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memoria (elettronica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE" title="記憶装置 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="記憶装置" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კომპიუტერის მეხსიერება – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომპიუტერის მეხსიერება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Компьютер жадысы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Компьютер жадысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%96%B5_%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98" title="기억 장치 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기억 장치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_computatralis" title="Memoria computatralis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Memoria computatralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atminties_%C4%AFrenginys" title="Atminties įrenginys – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atminties įrenginys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Шарныш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шарныш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Внатрешно памтење – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Внатрешно памтење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Санах ой – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Санах ой" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="मेमरी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेमरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storan_data_komputer" title="Storan data komputer – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Storan data komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mim%C3%B3ria_de_cumputador" title="Mimória de cumputador – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Mimória de cumputador" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computergeheugen" title="Computergeheugen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Computergeheugen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datalager" title="Datalager – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Datalager" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C" title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਡਾਟਾ ਸਟੋਰੇਜ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਡਾਟਾ ਸਟੋਰੇਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99%C4%87_komputerowa" title="Pamięć komputerowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pamięć komputerowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armazenamento_de_dados_de_computador" title="Armazenamento de dados de computador – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Armazenamento de dados de computador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoria_sistemelor_de_calcul" title="Memoria sistemelor de calcul – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memoria sistemelor de calcul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer data storage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam%C3%A4%C5%A5_(po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8D)" title="Pamäť (počítač) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pamäť (počítač)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notranji_pomnilnik" title="Notranji pomnilnik – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Notranji pomnilnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujtesa_(kompjuter)" title="Kujtesa (kompjuter) – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujtesa (kompjuter)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorminne" title="Datorminne – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datorminne" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifaa_cha_kutunzia" title="Kifaa cha kutunzia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifaa cha kutunzia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="కంప్యూటర్ డేటా స్టోరేజ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కంప్యూటర్ డేటా స్టోరేజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="หน่วยเก็บข้อมูลคอมพิวเตอร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยเก็บข้อมูลคอมพิวเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayar_veri_depolama" title="Bilgisayar veri depolama – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayar veri depolama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Комп'ютерна пам'ять – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютерна пам'ять" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="کمپیوٹر ڈیٹا اسٹوریج – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمپیوٹر ڈیٹا اسٹوریج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0u_tr%E1%BB%AF_d%E1%BB%AF_li%E1%BB%87u_m%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Lưu trữ dữ liệu máy tính – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưu trữ dữ liệu máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="电脑数据存储器 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电脑数据存储器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98" title="電腦資料儲存 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦資料儲存" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiqoqonga_mininingo_sesiCikizi" title="Isiqoqonga mininingo sesiCikizi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isiqoqonga mininingo sesiCikizi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q66221#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="浏览条目正文[c]" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid 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.ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年5月16日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%22">"電腦記憶體"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-4095e8fa" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-cn:存储器;zh-tw:電腦記憶體;zh-hk:電腦記憶體;"></div><div 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算机记忆体类型" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q125005976"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%B0%E5%BF%86%E4%BD%93%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算机记忆体类型（页面不存在）">计算机存储器类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125005976" class="extiw" title="d:Q125005976"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q125005976</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #ddd"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="揮發性記憶體">易失性存储器</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="随机存储器">RAM</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="动态随机存储器">DRAM</a>（例如<a href="/wiki/DDR_SDRAM" title="DDR SDRAM">DDR SDRAM</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="静态随机存储器">SRAM</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 发展中</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="可控硅随机存储器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="T-RAM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E6%8E%A7%E7%A1%85%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可控硅随机存储器（页面不存在）">可控硅随机存储器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-RAM" class="extiw" title="en:T-RAM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">T-RAM</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="零电容随机存储器">Z-RAM</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 历史上</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%AE%A1" title="威廉姆斯管">威廉姆斯管</a>（1946－47年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F%E7%BA%BF%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="延迟线存储器">延迟线存储器</a>（1947年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E6%95%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="选数管">选数管</a>（1953年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%98%B4%E6%9E%81%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="冷阴极计数管">冷阴极计数管</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #ddd"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="非揮發性記憶體">非易失性存储器</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="唯讀記憶體">ROM</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mask ROM" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mask ROM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mask_ROM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mask ROM（页面不存在）">Mask ROM</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask_ROM" class="extiw" title="en:Mask ROM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mask ROM</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROM" title="PROM">PROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="可擦除可規劃式唯讀記憶體">EPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%8A%B9%E9%99%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%AF%E8%A4%87%E5%AF%AB%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體">EEPROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98" title="闪存">闪存</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98" class="mw-disambig" title="固態儲存">固态存储</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非揮發性隨機存取記憶體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NVRAM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非揮發性隨機存取記憶體（页面不存在）">非揮發性隨機存取記憶體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVRAM" class="extiw" title="en:NVRAM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NVRAM</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%8A%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="可變電阻式記憶體">RRAM</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 早期非易失性随机存取存储器</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="nvSRAM" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="nvSRAM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=NvSRAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NvSRAM（页面不存在）">nvSRAM</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nvSRAM" class="extiw" title="en:nvSRAM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">nvSRAM</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E9%9B%BB%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="鐵電隨機存取記憶體">FeRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%98%BB%E5%BC%8F%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="磁阻式隨機存取記憶體">MRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="相變化記憶體">PRAM</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 磁式</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%A6" title="磁带">磁带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="硬盘">硬盘</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 光學式</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%9B%98%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8%E5%99%A8" title="光盘驱动器">光盘驱动器</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 发展中</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_XPoint" title="3D XPoint">3D XPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83" title="可編程金屬化單元">CBRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SONOS" title="SONOS">SONOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E9%81%93%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="賽道記憶體">賽道記憶體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="纳米随机存储器">NRAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millipede" title="Millipede">Millipede</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="FJG RAM" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="FJG RAM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FJG_RAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FJG RAM（页面不存在）">FJG RAM</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FJG_RAM" class="extiw" title="en:FJG RAM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">FJG RAM</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 历史上</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纸张数据存储" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paper data storage"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B8%E5%BC%A0%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纸张数据存储（页面不存在）">纸张数据存储</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_data_storage" class="extiw" title="en:Paper data storage"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paper data storage</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1725年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%BC%93%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="磁鼓存储器">磁鼓存储器</a>（1932年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%8A%AF%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="磁芯記憶體">磁芯記憶體</a>（1949年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%95%80%E7%BA%BF%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="磁镀线存储器">磁镀线存储器</a>（1957年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Core rope memory" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Core rope memory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Core_rope_memory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Core rope memory（页面不存在）">Core rope memory</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_rope_memory" class="extiw" title="en:Core rope memory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Core rope memory</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1960年代）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薄膜存储器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thin-film memory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E8%86%9C%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄膜存储器（页面不存在）">薄膜存储器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_memory" class="extiw" title="en:Thin-film memory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thin-film memory</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1962年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%89%AD%E7%BA%BF%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="磁扭线存储器">磁扭线存储器</a>（~1968年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A1%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="磁泡存储器">磁泡存储器</a>（~1970年）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="Template:記憶體類型"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="Template talk:記憶體類型"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:記憶體類型"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>存储器</b>（<span lang="en">memory</span>，台湾译<b>记忆体<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b>）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">计算机</a>中能接收和存储数据，并能根据控制命令提供所存数据的基本硬件<sup id="cite_ref-科学_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-科学-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现代的计算机系统以存储器为中心，故存储器的特性是影响整个计算机系统最大吞吐量的决定性因素<sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>存储器又分为<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="主存储器">主存储器</a></b>（<span lang="en">main memory</span>，简称“主存”，又称“内存储器”、简称“内存”）和<b>辅助存储器</b>（<span lang="en">auxiliary memory</span>，简称“辅存”，又称“外存储器”、简称“外存”）<sup id="cite_ref-科学_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-科学-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。主存储器与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="中央处理器">中央处理器</a>（CPU）一起构成主机<sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，用来存放计算机运行时随时需要使用的程序和数据<sup id="cite_ref-辞海内存_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-辞海内存-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，一切数据要被CPU操作都必须先装入主存<sup id="cite_ref-科学_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-科学-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。主存的工作速度较快，存储容量较小，主要采用半导体存储器<sup id="cite_ref-辞海内存_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-辞海内存-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前大部分计算机系统的主存储器主体为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="动态随机存储器">动态随机存储器</a>（DRAM）<sup id="cite_ref-百科主存_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-百科主存-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，“主存储器”乃至“存储器”一词有时特指DRAM<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；另外，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="静态随机存储器">静态随机存储器</a>（SRAM）与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AA%E8%AF%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="只读存储器">只读存储器</a>（<span lang="en">ROM</span>）等也可作主存储器的一部分<sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-百科主存_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-百科主存-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。辅助存储器和输入输出设备都属于外设<sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，用来存放CPU运行时暂时不用的各种程序和数据<sup id="cite_ref-辞海外存_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-辞海外存-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，一般在断电后仍能保存<sup id="cite_ref-科学_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-科学-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。辅助存储器的存储容量大，工作速度慢，例子如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="硬盘">硬盘</a>、<a href="/wiki/U%E7%9B%98" class="mw-redirect" title="U盘">U盘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%9B%98" class="mw-redirect" title="光盘">光盘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%A6" title="磁带">磁带</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-辞海外存_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-辞海外存-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>除了可分为主存储器和辅助存储器外，存储器还可按存储介质分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="半导体存储器">半导体存储器</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%81%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磁表面存储器（页面不存在）">磁表面存储器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%8A%AF%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="磁芯存储器">磁芯存储器</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%9B%98" class="mw-redirect" title="光盘">光盘存储器</a>等，按存取方式分为随机存储器、只读存储器、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="串行访问存储器（页面不存在）">串行访问存储器</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-KS_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>傳統上，一部電腦最重要的元件是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中央處理器">中央處理器</a> (CPU)，因為他負責處理資料，進行所有計算，並且控制電腦內其他所有元件。中央處理器包含兩個部分: <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83" class="mw-disambig" title="控制单元">控制單元</a> 以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83" title="算術邏輯單元">算術邏輯單元</a> (ALU)。前者控制資料在中央處理器及記憶體之間的流動。後者處理資料的邏輯運算。如果沒有足夠的記憶體，電腦將只能進行固定的工作而且立刻將結果輸出。這在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">計算機</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%A8%8A%E8%99%9F%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="數位訊號處理">數位訊號處理</a>是可接受的。<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="冯·诺伊曼结构">冯·诺伊曼结构</a>機器擁有足夠的記憶體去儲存正在執行的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E9%9B%86%E6%9E%B6%E6%A7%8B" title="指令集架構">指令集</a>以及資料。結果使電腦不用為了執行一個新的程式而改變硬體的配置，使<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="程式設計">程式設計</a>變得簡單，大部分的電腦都是范紐曼型架構。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="記憶體的特性"><span id=".E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94.E7.9A.84.E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>記憶體的特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：記憶體的特性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DDR_RAM-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/DDR_RAM-2.jpg/250px-DDR_RAM-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/DDR_RAM-2.jpg/375px-DDR_RAM-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/DDR_RAM-2.jpg/500px-DDR_RAM-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1635" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption>一個1GB雙倍速<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="隨機存取記憶體">隨機存取記憶體</a>模組</figcaption></figure> <p>所有的記憶體都可以用其核心的特性以及可以用測量而得知的效能，容量來區分。核心的特性有揮發性，讀寫性，存取法，以及定址法。測量得知的特性有效能跟容量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="容量"><span id=".E5.AE.B9.E9.87.8F"></span>容量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：容量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GNOME_System_Monitor_memory_size_and_network_rate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GNOME_System_Monitor_memory_size_and_network_rate.png/275px-GNOME_System_Monitor_memory_size_and_network_rate.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GNOME_System_Monitor_memory_size_and_network_rate.png/413px-GNOME_System_Monitor_memory_size_and_network_rate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/GNOME_System_Monitor_memory_size_and_network_rate.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>GNOME的系統監視視窗</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%8A%82" title="字节">字节</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="二進制">二進制</a>來處理<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="數據">數據</a>。文件，數字，圖形，影音，或是其他資料都可以用一串<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83" title="位元">位元</a>來表示，每一個位元的值不是一就是零。最常見的儲存單位是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="位元组">位元組</a>，一位元組等於八位元。一份資料可以被任何具有足夠容量去容納該資料大小的電腦所處理。 </p><p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%B0%94%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="电气电子工程师协会">電氣電子工程師協會</a>（IEEE 1541）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>(HD 60027-2:2003-03)的標準，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E4%B9%98%E6%95%B0%E8%AF%8D%E5%A4%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="二进制乘数词头">二進制乘數詞頭</a>的縮寫為「Ki」、「Mi」、「Gi」，以避免與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="国际单位制">国际单位制</a>混淆。但二進制乘數詞頭沒有廣泛被製造業和個人採用，標示為4GB的內存實際上已經是4GiB，但標示為4.7GB的<a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>實際上是4.37GiB。 </p><p>對於32位元的作業系統，最多可使用2<sup>32</sup>個地址，即是4GiB。<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95" title="物理地址扩展">物理地址扩展</a>可以讓处理器在32位元作業系統存取超過4GiB記憶體，發展64位元处理器則是根本的解決方法，但<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="作業系統">作業系統</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%85%E5%8B%95%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="驅動程式">驅動程式</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="應用程式">應用程式</a>都會有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="相容性">相容性</a>問題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="揮發性"><span id=".E6.8F.AE.E7.99.BC.E6.80.A7"></span>揮發性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：揮發性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="非揮發性記憶體">非揮發性記憶體</a></dt> <dd>資料在電源不供電的狀態下仍能保存。這適用於須長期使用的資料。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="揮發性記憶體">揮發性記憶體</a></dt> <dd>資料需要有持續不斷的電力才能保持。目前存取速度最快的記憶體是屬於揮發性的。因為第一級記憶體需要極快的速度，所以採用揮發性記憶體。 <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="動態隨機存取記憶體">動態隨機存取記憶體</a></dt> <dd>一種揮發性記憶體，資料需要每隔一段時間就重新讀取或重新寫入，否則資料將會消失。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E6%85%8B%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="靜態隨機存取記憶體">靜態隨機存取記憶體</a></dt> <dd>一種類似DRAM的記憶體。不同的是在電力持續供應的狀態下，它不用被重新寫入或是讀取資料(如果沒有電力來支持，資料還是會消失)。</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="讀寫性"><span id=".E8.AE.80.E5.AF.AB.E6.80.A7"></span>讀寫性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：讀寫性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>可讀寫的記憶體</dt> <dd>它允許資料在任一時間被覆寫。如果一台電腦的第一級記憶體不是可讀寫的(至少要有一定數量的第一級記憶體是可讀寫的)，那這台電腦將無法執行各種任務。而第二級記憶體也有許多是可讀寫的。</dd> <dt>唯讀記憶體</dt> <dd>記憶體內的資料通常不會變，但有時允許資料寫入(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Write_Once_Read_Many&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Write Once Read Many（页面不存在）">Write Once Read Many</a>)這種記憶體也被叫做<b>不可變記憶體</b>，主要備用在第三級跟離線記憶體上，例如<a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>以及<a href="/wiki/CD-R" class="mw-redirect" title="CD-R">CD-R</a>。</dd> <dt>快速讀取低速寫入記憶體</dt> <dd>例如<a href="/wiki/CD-RW" class="mw-redirect" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%96%83%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="快閃記憶體">快閃記憶體</a>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="存取法"><span id=".E5.AD.98.E5.8F.96.E6.B3.95"></span>存取法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：存取法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96" title="隨機存取">隨機存取</a></dt> <dd>在任何的時間，任何的位置都可以被存取。這適合第一級與第二級記憶體。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E5%BA%8F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96" title="循序存取">循序存取</a></dt> <dd>要存取的資訊依照順序來存取，一個接著一個; 存取時間長短取決於哪一項資料是最後存取的，這是離線記憶體的特徵。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定址法"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E5.9D.80.E6.B3.95"></span>定址法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：定址法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>區塊定址</dt> <dd>根據記憶體區塊的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="物理地址">物理地址</a>來存取資料。在今日的電腦，區塊定址通常只出現在第一級記憶體，由電腦程式來存取，而且存取的效率很高，不過對人而言這是個負擔。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="檔案系統">檔案定址</a></dt> <dd>資料被分割成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88" title="電腦檔案">檔案</a>，檔案依照<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%80%E7%9A%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人類可讀的（页面不存在）">人類可讀的</a>名稱或檔案名稱而被選擇，其實這也是一種區塊定址，不過<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="作業系統">作業系統</a>會將檔案<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E5%8C%96" title="抽象化">抽象化</a>，從而讓工作更容易被理解。在今日的電腦，第二級，第三級，離線記憶體採用這種方法來定址。</dd> <dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88%E5%AD%98%E5%84%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="結合存儲（页面不存在）">內容定址</a></dt> <dd>資料依據本身的內容被存取。內容定址被使用於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體">軟體</a> (電腦程式)或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="个人电脑硬件">硬體</a> (電腦裝置)，這讓硬體變得有效率，但也變得比較昂貴。硬體內容定址記憶體通常被用於<a href="/wiki/CPU%E5%BF%AB%E5%8F%96" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU快取">CPU快取</a>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="效能"><span id=".E6.95.88.E8.83.BD"></span>效能</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：效能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6)" title="延迟 (工程学)">遲滯時間</a></dt> <dd>存取儲存器內部特定區域資料所花的時間。在第一級記憶體中，以奈秒作為合理的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8F%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="計量單位">計量單位</a>，第二級記憶體以<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a>作為計量單位，以秒作為第三級記憶體的計量單位或是。遲滯時間可以合理的分為讀取的遲滯時間和寫入的遲滯時間，以循序存取儲存器來說，有最短、最長與平均遲滯時間。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9E%E5%90%90%E9%87%8F" title="吞吐量">吞吐量</a></dt> <dd>將資料讀取到或是寫出記憶體的速度。吞吐量通常表示為百萬位元組/秒或是 MB/s，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="位元率">位元率</a>也被使用著。就跟<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6)" title="延迟 (工程学)">遲滯時間</a>一樣，讀和寫的速度算做兩筆不同資料。存取資料的速度取決於最大吞吐量。</dd> <dt>粒度</dt> <dd>能以單獨一個單位被有效率的存取的最大片資料的大小, 例如, 沒有引發更多的遲滯時間。</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E5%BA%A6" title="可靠度">可靠度</a></dt> <dd>在不同的條件下，非自發性的位元值改變, 或整體<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="失效率">故障率</a>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分類"><span id=".E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>直至2008年，最常用的數據儲存技術是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="磁性">磁性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a>，同時還看到一些使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="紙張">紙張</a>作儲存。也有一些曾於過去使用或是在將來會使用的數據儲存技術。市场上存在多种不同形态、不同材质的存储器。到目前為止，任何一種儲存裝置都有其缺點，因此一台電腦通常都有好幾種不同種類的儲存裝置，每一種都有其特別的功能。 </p><p>電腦記憶體可以根據儲存能力與電源的關係可以分為以下兩類： </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="揮發性記憶體"><span id=".E6.8F.AE.E7.99.BC.E6.80.A7.E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94"></span>揮發性記憶體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：揮發性記憶體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="揮發性記憶體">揮發性記憶體</a></div> <p>揮發性記憶體（Volatile memory）是指當電源供應中斷後，記憶體所儲存的資料便會消失的記憶體。主要有以下的類型： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="隨機存取記憶體">隨機存取記憶體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="動態隨機存取記憶體">動態隨機存取記憶體</a>，英文缩写写作DRAM，一般每个单元由一个晶体管和一个电容组成（后者在集成电路上可以用两个晶体管模拟）。特点是单元占用资源和空间小，速度比SRAM慢，需要刷新。一般计算机<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="主記憶體">主記憶體</a>即由DRAM组成。在PC上，DRAM以内存条的方式出现，DRAM颗粒多为4位或8位位宽，而载有多个颗粒的单根内存条的位宽为64位。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="静态随机存取存储器">靜態隨機存取存儲器</a>，英文缩写写作SRAM，一般每个单元由6个晶体管组成，但近来也出现由8个晶体管构成的SRAM单元。特点是速度快，但单元占用资源比DRAM多。一般<a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a>的<a href="/wiki/CPU%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98" title="CPU缓存">CPU缓存</a>即由SRAM构成。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非揮發性記憶體"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.8F.AE.E7.99.BC.E6.80.A7.E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94"></span>非揮發性記憶體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：非揮發性記憶體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="非揮發性記憶體">非揮發性記憶體</a></div> <p>非揮發性記憶體（Non-volatile memory）是指即使電源供應中斷，記憶體所儲存的資料並不會消失，重新供電後，就能夠讀取記憶體中的資料。主要種類如下： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="唯讀記憶體">唯讀記憶體</a>（ROM） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%BC%8F%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="可規化式唯讀記憶體">可規化式唯讀記憶體</a>（PROM）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%93%A6%E9%99%A4%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83%E5%BC%8F%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="可擦除可規劃式唯讀記憶體">可擦除可規劃式唯讀記憶體</a>（EPROM）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%8A%B9%E9%99%A4%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%AF%E8%A4%87%E5%AF%AB%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體">電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體</a>（EEPROM）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%96%83%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="快閃記憶體">Flash</a> ROM</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98" title="磁儲存">磁儲存</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="硬碟">硬碟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="軟碟">軟碟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="磁帶">磁帶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_XPoint" title="3D XPoint">3D XPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%81%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="固态硬盘">固態硬碟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98" title="光儲存">光儲存</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F" title="光碟">光碟</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="記憶體階層"><span id=".E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94.E9.9A.8E.E5.B1.A4"></span>記憶體階層</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：記憶體階層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="記憶體階層">記憶體階層</a></div> <p>實際上，幾乎所有電腦都有各種不同的記憶體，這些記憶體在中央處理器旁邊，構築成<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="記憶體階層">記憶體階層</a>，在效率和花費兩者之間的拉鋸中，在階層中較低層的記憶體， <a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E5%AF%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="頻寬">頻寬</a>較低，而且資料到中央處理器的時間也較久，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6)" title="延迟 (工程学)">遲滯時間</a>較長。傳統上分第一級，第二級，第三級，離線記憶體。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第一級記憶體"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E7.B4.9A.E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94"></span>第一級記憶體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：第一級記憶體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第一級記憶體 (又稱主記憶體或內部記憶體)，通常簡稱為記憶體，這層的記憶體與中央處理器直接連通，中央處理器會不斷讀取儲存在這裡的指令集，並在需要時執行這些指令集。 </p><p>歷史上，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="計算機硬體歷史">早期的電腦</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F%E7%BA%BF%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="延迟线存储器">延遲線</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%AE%A1" title="威廉姆斯管">威廉士管</a>作為主要的儲存器。在1954年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%8A%AF%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="磁芯記憶體">磁芯記憶體</a>被開發出來大幅取代了上述不太穩定的方法。磁芯記憶體維持優勢至1970年代，此時<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%8D%E9%AB%94%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="積體電路">積體電路</a>技術的進步，使得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半導體記憶體（页面不存在）">半導體記憶體</a>在價格上變得便宜而有競爭力。 </p><p>這使得現代化的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E5%AD%98%E5%8F%96%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="隨機存取記憶體">隨機存取記憶體</a> (RAM)被製造出來。該款記憶體的重量輕，尺寸小，然而十分昂貴。(這種記憶體被用來做成第一級記憶體，同時它也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="揮發性記憶體">揮發性記憶體</a>，意思就是當電力不再供應時，記憶體內的資料就會消失)。 </p><p>如同右圖所示，在第一級記憶體的內部除了主記憶體，也就是隨機存取記憶體外，還分有兩個或兩個以上的子層: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%AB%E5%AD%98%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="暫存器">暫存器</a>被設置在處理器內。每個暫存器都儲存資料中的一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97" class="mw-disambig" title="字">字</a> (一個字的大小通常是32位元或64位元)。中央處理器內的指令能讓 <a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83" title="算術邏輯單元">算術邏輯單元</a> 去執行各種計算或是處理資料。暫存器傳輸資料的速度是所有記憶體中最快的。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPU%E5%BF%AB%E5%8F%96" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU快取">CPU快取</a>，它傳輸資料的速度僅次於暫存器。被用來作為提升電腦的效能。大部分經常被使用的資料(存在主記憶體中)，會複製另一份存在快取記憶體內，這樣可提升速度，否則速度將會大幅降低，且暫存器也容納不下那麼多資料。多層<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="記憶體階層">快取階層</a>亦經常被使用—第一層快取容量最小，速度最快且位於處理器內部；第二層快取容量較大且較慢。</li></ul> <p>主記憶體藉記憶體匯流排與中央處理器連接。有兩種不同的匯流排(並沒有在圖上): <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%9D%80%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%92" title="位址匯流排">位址匯流排</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%92" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="匯流排">資料匯流排</a>. 一開始中央處理器藉位置匯流排傳送數字，這數字就是<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="物理地址">記憶體位置</a>，其指出資料的位置。然後中央處理器用資料匯流排將資料讀出或寫入。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83" title="内存管理单元">內存管理單元</a> (MMU)是一種介於中央處理器跟主記憶體的裝置，用來重新計算記憶體位置，例如提供<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="虚拟地址">虛擬地址</a>。 </p><p>由於RAM具有揮發性(開機時裡面是空的)，這樣的話電腦就無法儲存開機時需要的指令，因此，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="非揮發性記憶體">非揮發性記憶體</a>儲存了執行開機的程式 (<a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>)，為了讀取較大的程式，先自第二層的非揮發性記憶體讀取到隨機存取記憶體，然後執行程式。一種記憶體因著這目的被製出，就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AE%80%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" title="唯讀記憶體">唯讀記憶體</a>(唯讀記憶體也是屬於隨機存取). </p><p>許多唯讀記憶體並不僅僅只能讀取，雖然速度慢，但資料還是可以抹除並重新寫入。一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="嵌入式系统">嵌入式系統</a>直接使用唯讀記憶體來跑程式，因為程式幾乎不會變化，現在的電腦將資料存於第二層非揮發性的記憶體，而非唯讀記憶體，這是比較經濟的做法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二級記憶體"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E7.B4.9A.E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94"></span>第二級記憶體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：第二級記憶體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg/220px-Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg/330px-Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg/440px-Hard_disk_platter_reflection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>去除保護殼之後的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="硬碟">硬碟</a></figcaption></figure> <p>第二級記憶體(又稱外部記憶體或輔助記憶體)，和第一級記憶體不同的是，第二級記憶體和中央處理器並沒有直接連通，電腦經常使用記憶體的<a href="/wiki/I/O" title="I/O">I/O</a>通道來與之連接，第二級記憶體使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A9%E8%A1%9D%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="緩衝器">資料緩衝器</a>來將資料傳送至第一級記憶體。在不供應電源的情況下，第二級記憶體的資料仍然不會消失—這表示它是非揮發性的。 </p><p>現今的電腦，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="硬碟">硬碟</a>被廣泛地做為第二層記憶體，硬碟存取資料的時間大約是幾千分之一秒，或是幾個毫秒。然而，隨機存取記憶體存取資料的時間僅有幾十億分之一秒，或是幾個奈秒。硬碟的速度只有記憶體存取速度的百萬分之一，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F" title="光碟">光碟</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a>和<a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>，有更長的存取時間。 </p><p>當資料儲存於碟片時，將資料傳送到區塊可降低遲滯時間，提升效率，這樣的話需要<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外部記憶體演算法（页面不存在）">外部記憶體演算法</a>。連續存取和區塊存取的速度比隨機存取要快得多，所以許多尖端的記憶體都在開發更有效率的演算法來執行連續存取或區塊存取。一個突破I/O瓶頸的方法是使用多重磁碟，可以增加第一級與第二級記憶體之間的頻寬。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>這裡列舉一些第二級記憶體的例子: <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%96%83%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="快閃記憶體">快閃記憶體</a> (例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E8%BA%AB%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="隨身碟">隨身碟</a>)，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E7%A2%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="軟碟">軟碟</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="磁帶">磁帶</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙帶（页面不存在）">紙帶</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%AD%94%E5%8D%A1" title="打孔卡">打孔卡</a>，<a href="/wiki/RAM_disk" title="RAM disk">RAM disk</a>，<a href="/wiki/Zip_Drive" title="Zip Drive">Zip Drive</a>。 </p><p>第二級記憶體通常被設計成符合<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="文件系统">文件系統</a>的格式，這使得資料可以儲存在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84" class="mw-disambig" title="目錄">目錄</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88" title="電腦檔案">電腦檔案</a>內。 </p><p>大部分的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="作業系統">作業系統</a>使用了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬記憶體（页面不存在）">虛擬記憶體</a>的概念，第一級記憶體的物理容量雖然不變，但可以藉挪用第二級記憶體的空間來增大第一級記憶體的容量。系統會將最少使用到的區塊(<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%81" title="頁">頁</a>)移至第二級記憶體(<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A0%81" title="分頁">置換檔案或分頁檔案</a>)，當這些檔案被需要時再將它們取回，當愈多檔案需要從第二級記憶體中取回，電腦的效能就愈低。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第三級記憶體"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.B4.9A.E8.A8.98.E6.86.B6.E9.AB.94"></span>第三級記憶體</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：第三級記憶體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>第三級儲存裝置</b>或<b>第三級記憶體</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 這是指可直接插入或自電腦拔除的儲存裝置；裡面的資料在被使用前通常都會複製到第二級記憶體內。該款記憶體的存取速度比第二級記憶體要慢得多(5–60秒 vs. 1–10毫秒)。該款記憶體的優勢在於其擁有龐大的儲存空間，典型的例子包含<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%B8%B6%E6%AB%83" title="磁帶櫃">磁帶櫃</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84%E5%BA%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光學記錄庫（页面不存在）">光學記錄庫</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98" title="虚拟内存">虚拟内存</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="記憶體階層">記憶體階層</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=memory">memory</a>. 樂詞網. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="國家教育研究院">國家教育研究院</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&rft.atitle=memory&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%A8%82%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naer.edu.tw%2Fsearch%2F%3Fmatch_type%3Dphrase%26query_op%3D%26query_field%3Dtitle%26query_term%3Dmemory&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（繁體中文）</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-科学-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-科学_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-科学_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-科学_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-科学_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">全国科学技术名词审定委员会,审定．计算机科学技术名词 [M]. 3版．北京：科学出版社, 2018: 121. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.sciencereading.cn/shop/book/Booksimple/show.do?id=B7C29BC5435113C8DE053010B0A0A9A17000">科学文库</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-3"><sup><b>3.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-4"><sup><b>3.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-5"><sup><b>3.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KS_3-6"><sup><b>3.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">教育部教育考试院．全国计算机等级考试二级教程：公共基础知识 [M]．北京：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="高等教育出版社">高等教育出版社</a>, 2022 (2023-05): 3-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-辞海内存-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-辞海内存_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-辞海内存_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&docId=5469756&docLibId=72">内存储器</a> [DB/OL] [2024] // <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B" title="陈至立">陈至立</a>．<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="辞海">辞海</a>. 7版网络版．上海：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="上海辞书出版社">上海辞书出版社</a>, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-百科主存-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-百科主存_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-百科主存_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">蔡尚铭．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&Name=%E4%B8%BB%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&Type=bkzyb&subSourceType=000003000007000014&SourceID=106719">主存储器</a> [DB/OL]．胡伟武，安虹，肖利民,等编 (2022-12-23) [2024] // <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%A5%8E%E5%85%83" title="陈奎元">陈奎元</a>．<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国大百科全书">中国大百科全书</a>. 3版网络版．北京：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国大百科全书出版社">中国大百科全书出版社</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">邱鹏飞．<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=106716&Type=bkzyb&SubID=81275">存储器</a> [DB/OL]．胡伟武，安虹，肖利民,等编 (2022-12-23) [2024] // <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%A5%8E%E5%85%83" title="陈奎元">陈奎元</a>．<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国大百科全书">中国大百科全书</a>. 3版网络版．北京：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国大百科全书出版社">中国大百科全书出版社</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-辞海外存-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-辞海外存_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-辞海外存_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8&docId=5574405&docLibId=72">外存储器</a> [DB/OL] [2024] // <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B" title="陈至立">陈至立</a>．<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="辞海">辞海</a>. 7版网络版．上海：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="上海辞书出版社">上海辞书出版社</a>, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._S._Vitter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. S. Vitter（页面不存在）">J. S. Vitter</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.cse.tamu.edu/jsv/Papers/Vit.IO_book.pdf">Algorithms and Data Structures for External Memory</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年5月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></i>, Series on Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, now Publishers, Hanover, MA, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781601981066" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-60198-106-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1994/CSD-94-847.pdf">A thesis on Tertiary storage</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070927233543/http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1994/CSD-94-847.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-06-18.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htm">How Computer Memory Works</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120804023824/http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-memory.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, by Jeff Tyson</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style 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style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E9%94%AE%E7%9B%98" title="电脑键盘">鍵盤</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%94%AE%E7%9B%98" title="数字键盘">數字鍵盤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F%E6%8E%83%E6%8F%8F%E5%99%A8" title="影像掃描器">影像掃描器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%8D%A1" title="显示卡">显示卡</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="圖形處理器">圖形處理器</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E9%A3%8E" title="麦克风">麦克风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E7%82%B9%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87" title="定点设备">定点设备</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81%E7%BB%98%E5%9B%BE%E6%9D%BF" title="数码绘图板">数码绘图板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8" title="游戏控制器">游戏控制器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光筆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Light pen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E7%AD%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光筆（页面不存在）">光筆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pen" class="extiw" title="en:Light pen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Light pen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0%E6%A0%87" title="鼠标">鼠标</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%94%B5%E9%BC%A0%E6%A0%87" title="光电鼠标">光學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%82%B9%E6%9D%86" title="指点杆">指点杆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A6%E6%91%B8%E6%9D%BF" title="触摸板">触摸板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%B8%E6%8E%A7%E5%BC%8F%E8%9E%A2%E5%B9%95" title="觸控式螢幕">觸控式螢幕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E8%BF%B9%E7%90%83" title="轨迹球">轨迹球</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E6%9C%BA" title="盲文显示机">盲文显示机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="声卡">声卡</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聲音處理器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sound chip"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%B3%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲音處理器（页面不存在）">聲音處理器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_chip" class="extiw" title="en:Sound chip"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sound chip</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%B4" title="摄像头">摄像头</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虛擬攝影機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Softcam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬攝影機（页面不存在）">虛擬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softcam" class="extiw" title="en:Softcam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Softcam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87" title="输出设备">输出设备</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="计算机显示器">顯示器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="電子視覺化顯示器">螢幕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E6%9C%BA" title="盲文显示机">盲文显示机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="打印机">打印机</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="繪圖儀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Plotter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B9%AA%E5%9C%96%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="繪圖儀（页面不存在）">繪圖儀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotter" class="extiw" title="en:Plotter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Plotter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電腦揚聲器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computer speakers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E6%8F%9A%E8%81%B2%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電腦揚聲器（页面不存在）">揚聲器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speakers" class="extiw" title="en:Computer speakers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computer speakers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%8D%A1" title="声卡">声卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%8D%A1" title="显示卡">显示卡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8" title="移动存储">移动存储</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="磁碟組" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Disk pack"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%81%E7%A2%9F%E7%B5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磁碟組（页面不存在）">磁碟組</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_pack" class="extiw" title="en:Disk pack"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Disk pack</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E7%9B%98" title="软盘">软盘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F" title="光碟">光碟</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87" title="雷射唱片">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E7%A2%9F" title="藍光光碟">BD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98" title="闪存">闪存</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E5%8D%A1" title="記憶卡">記憶卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E5%AD%98%E7%9B%98" title="闪存盘">闪存盘</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E7%AE%B1" title="机箱">机箱</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="中央处理器">中央处理器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="微处理器">微处理器</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%9D%BF" title="主板">主板</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">記憶體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8%E5%99%A8" title="随机存储器">隨機存取</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%93%E5%A4%B1%E6%80%A7BIOS%E5%AD%98%E5%84%B2%E5%99%A8" title="非易失性BIOS存儲器">BIOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">數據存貯器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="硬盘">硬盘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%81%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="固态硬盘">固态硬盘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%81%E7%A1%AC%E7%9B%98" title="混合固态硬盘">混合固态硬盘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89%E5%99%A8" title="電源供應器">電源供應器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90" title="開關模式電源">開關模式電源</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94%E5%A0%B4%E6%95%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體">金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87MOSFET" title="功率MOSFET">功率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93%E8%AA%BF%E7%AF%80%E6%A8%A1%E7%B5%84" title="電壓調節模組">電壓調節模組</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E5%8D%A1" title="网卡">网卡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傳真數據機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fax modem"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傳真數據機（页面不存在）">傳真數據機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax_modem" class="extiw" title="en:Fax modem"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fax modem</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%85%85%E5%8D%A1" title="擴充卡">擴充卡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="计算机硬件端口" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computer port (hardware)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算机硬件端口（页面不存在）">接口</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_port_(hardware)" class="extiw" title="en:Computer port (hardware)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computer port (hardware)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="以太网">以太网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">FireWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="并行端口">並列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%A1%8C%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="串行端口">序列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS/2%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="PS/2接口">PS/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt" title="Thunderbolt">Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a>／<a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>／<a href="/wiki/DVI" title="DVI">DVI</a>／<a href="/wiki/VGA%E7%AB%AF%E5%AD%90" title="VGA端子">VGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS%E7%AB%AF%E5%AD%90" title="TRS端子">TRS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link 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