CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: bulk</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: bulk"> <meta name="keywords" content="bulk"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="bulk" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="bulk"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 699</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: bulk</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">699</span> Using Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) for Extracting Acoustic Microwaves (Bulk Acoustic Waves) in Piezoelectric Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafdaoui%20Hichem">Hafdaoui Hichem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehadjebia%20Cherifa"> Mehadjebia Cherifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benatia%20Djamel"> Benatia Djamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a new method for Bulk detection of an acoustic microwave signal during the propagation of acoustic microwaves in a piezoelectric substrate (Lithium Niobate LiNbO3). We have used the classification by probabilistic neural network (PNN) as a means of numerical analysis in which we classify all the values of the real part and the imaginary part of the coefficient attenuation with the acoustic velocity in order to build a model from which we note the Bulk waves easily. These singularities inform us of presence of Bulk waves in piezoelectric materials. By which we obtain accurate values for each of the coefficient attenuation and acoustic velocity for Bulk waves. This study will be very interesting in modeling and realization of acoustic microwaves devices (ultrasound) based on the propagation of acoustic microwaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20material" title="piezoelectric material">piezoelectric material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20neural%20network%20%28PNN%29" title=" probabilistic neural network (PNN)"> probabilistic neural network (PNN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20microwaves" title=" acoustic microwaves"> acoustic microwaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20waves" title=" bulk waves"> bulk waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20attenuation%20coefficient" title=" the attenuation coefficient"> the attenuation coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43264/using-probabilistic-neural-network-pnn-for-extracting-acoustic-microwaves-bulk-acoustic-waves-in-piezoelectric-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">698</span> Investigation about Structural and Optical Properties of Bulk and Thin Film of 1H-CaAlSi by Density Functional Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Babaeipour">M. Babaeipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vejdanihemmat"> M. Vejdanihemmat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical properties of bulk and thin film of 1H-CaAlSi for two directions (1,0,0) and (0,0,1) were studied. The calculations are carried out by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method using full potential. GGA approximation was used to calculate exchange-correlation energy. The calculations are performed by WIEN2k package. The results showed that the absorption edge is shifted backward 0.82eV in the thin film than the bulk for both directions. The static values of the real part of dielectric function for four cases were obtained. The static values of the refractive index for four cases are calculated too. The reflectivity graphs have shown an intensive difference between the reflectivity of the thin film and the bulk in the ultraviolet region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1H-CaAlSi" title="1H-CaAlSi">1H-CaAlSi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title=" absorption"> absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk" title=" bulk"> bulk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical" title=" optical"> optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30993/investigation-about-structural-and-optical-properties-of-bulk-and-thin-film-of-1h-caalsi-by-density-functional-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">697</span> Kinetics of Cu(II) Transport through Bulk Liquid Membrane with Different Membrane Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siu%20Hua%20Chang">Siu Hua Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayub%20Md%20Som"> Ayub Md Som</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagannathan%20Krishnan"> Jagannathan Krishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The kinetics of Cu(II) transport through a bulk liquid membrane with different membrane materials was investigated in this work. Three types of membrane materials were used: Fresh cooking oil, waste cooking oil, and kerosene each of which was mixed with di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (carrier) and tributylphosphate (modifier). Kinetic models derived from the kinetic laws of two consecutive irreversible first-order reactions were used to study the facilitated transport of Cu(II) across the source, membrane, and receiving phases of bulk liquid membrane. It was found that the transport kinetics of Cu(II) across the source phase was not affected by different types of membrane materials but decreased considerably when the membrane materials changed from kerosene, waste cooking oil to fresh cooking oil. The rate constants of Cu(II) removal and recovery processes through the bulk liquid membrane were also determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20kinetics" title="transport kinetics">transport kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu%28II%29" title=" Cu(II)"> Cu(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20liquid%20membrane" title=" bulk liquid membrane"> bulk liquid membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20cooking%20oil" title=" waste cooking oil "> waste cooking oil </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2082/kinetics-of-cuii-transport-through-bulk-liquid-membrane-with-different-membrane-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">696</span> Comparison of Depth of Cure and Degree of Conversion between Opus Bulk Fill and X-Tra Fill Bulk Fill Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasaman%20Samani">Yasaman Samani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Golmohammadi"> Ali Golmohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The degree of conversion and depth of cure affects the clinical success of resin composite restorations directly. One of the main challenges in achieving a successful composite restoration is the achievement of sufficient depth of cure. The insufficient polymerization may lead to a decrease in the physical/mechanical and biological properties of resin composites and, as a result of that, unsuccessful composite restoration. Thus, because of the importance of studying and evaluating the depth of cure and degree of conversion in bulk-fill composites, we decided to evaluate and compare the degree of conversion and depth of cure in two bulk-fill composites; x-tra fill (Voco, Germany) and Opus Bulk fill APS (FGM, Brazil). Materials and Methods: Composite resin specimens (n=10) per group were prepared as cylinder blocks (4×8 mm) with bulk-fill composites, x-tra fil (Voco, Germany) designated as Group A, and Opus Bulk fill APS (FGM, Brazil) designated as Group B. Depth of cure was determined according to “ISO 4049; Depth of Cure” method, In which each specimen were cured (iLED, Woodpecker, China) 40 seconds and FTIR spectroscopy method was used to estimate the degree of conversion of both the bulk-fill composites. The degree of conversion of monomer to polymer was estimated individually in the coronal half (Group A1 and B1) and pulpal half (Group A2 and Group B2) by dividing each specimen into two halves. The data were analyzed using a Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA at a 5% level of significance. Results: The mean depth of cure in x-tra fil (Voco, Germany) was 3.99 (±0.16), and for Opus Bulk fill, APS (FGM, Brazil) was 2.14 (±0.3). The degree of conversion percentage in Group A1 was 82.7 (±6.1), in group A2 was 73.4 (±5.2), in group B1 was 63.3 (±4.7) and in Group B2 was 56.5 (±7.7). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the depth of cure between the two bulk-fill composites with x-tra fil (Voco, Germany) higher than Opus Bulk fill APS (FGM, Brazil) (P<0.001). The degree of conversion percentage also showed a significant difference, Group A1 being higher than A2 (P=0.0085), B1, and B2 (P<0.001). Group A2 was also higher than B1 (P=0.003) and B2 (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between B1 and B2 (P=0.072). Conclusion: The results indicate that x-tra fill has more depth of cure and a higher percentage of the degree of conversion than Opus Bulk fill APS. The coronal half of x-tra fil had the highest depth of cure percentage (82.66%), and the pulpal half of Opus Bulk fill APS had the lowest percentage (56.45%). Even though both bulk-fill composite materials had an acceptable degree of conversion (55% and higher), x-tra fill has shown better results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20of%20cure" title="depth of cure">depth of cure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20conversion" title=" degree of conversion"> degree of conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk-fill%20composite" title=" bulk-fill composite"> bulk-fill composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151692/comparison-of-depth-of-cure-and-degree-of-conversion-between-opus-bulk-fill-and-x-tra-fill-bulk-fill-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Soil Compaction by a Forwarder in Timber Harvesting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juang%20R.%20Matangaran">Juang R. Matangaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erianto%20I.%20Putra"> Erianto I. Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iis%20Diatin"> Iis Diatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mujahid"> Muhammad Mujahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Adlan"> Qi Adlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial plantation forest is the producer of logs in Indonesia. Several companies of industrial plantation forest have been successfully planted with fast-growing species, and it entered their annual harvesting period. Heavy machines such as forwarders are used in timber harvesting to extract logs from stump to landing site. The negative impact of using such machines are loss of topsoil and soil compaction. Compacted soil is considered unfavorable for plant growth. The research objectives were to analyze the soil bulk density, rut, and cone index of the soil caused by a forwarder passes, to analyze the relation between several times of forwarder passes to the increase of soil bulk density. A Valmet forwarder was used in this research. Soil bulk density at soil surface and cone index from the soil surface to the 50 cm depth of soil were measured at the harvested area. The result showed that soil bulk density increase with the increase of the Valmet forwarder passes. Maximum soil bulk density occurred after 5 times forwarder Valmet passed. The cone index tended to increase from the surface until 50 cm depth of soil. Rut formed and high soil bulk density indicated the soil compaction occurred by the forwarder operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20density" title="bulk density">bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forwarder%20Valmet" title=" forwarder Valmet"> forwarder Valmet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantation%20forest" title=" plantation forest"> plantation forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20harvesting" title=" timber harvesting"> timber harvesting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111245/soil-compaction-by-a-forwarder-in-timber-harvesting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Residual Stress Around Embedded Particles in Bulk YBa2Cu3Oy Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjela%20Koblischka-Veneva">Anjela Koblischka-Veneva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20R.%20Koblischka"> Michael R. Koblischka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To increase the flux pinning performance of bulk YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO or Y-123) superconductors, it is common to employ secondary phase particles, either Y2BaCuO5 (Y-211) particles created during the growth of the samples or additionally added (nano)particles of various types, embedded in the superconducting Y-123 matrix. As the crystallographic parameters of all the particles indicate a misfit to Y-123, there will be residual strain within the Y-123 matrix around such particles. With a dedicated analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data obtained on various bulk, Y-123 superconductor samples, the strain distribution around such embedded secondary phase particles can be revealed. The results obtained are presented in form of Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) mappings. Around large Y-211 particles, the strain can be so large that YBCO subgrains are formed. Therefore, it is essential to properly control the particle size as well as their distribution within the bulk sample to obtain the best performance. The impact of the strain distribution on the flux pinning properties is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulk%20superconductors" title="Bulk superconductors">Bulk superconductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EBSD" title=" EBSD"> EBSD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Strain" title=" Strain"> Strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YBa2Cu3Oy" title=" YBa2Cu3Oy"> YBa2Cu3Oy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122638/residual-stress-around-embedded-particles-in-bulk-yba2cu3oy-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model with Time Dependent Gravitational Constant and Cosmological Constant in General Relativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20Behal">Reena Behal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Shukla"> D. P. Shukla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model with Time dependent gravitational constant and cosmological constant in general Relativity by assuming ξ(t)=ξ_(0 ) p^m where ξ_(0 ) and m are constants. We also assume a variation law for Hubble parameter as H(R) = a (R^(-n)+1), where a>0, n>1 being constant. Two universe models were obtained, and their physical behavior has been discussed. When n=1 the Universe starts from singular state whereas when n=0 the cosmology follows a no singular state. The presence of bulk viscosity increase matter density’s value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulk%20Viscous%20Bianchi%20Type%20V%20Cosmological%20Model" title="Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model">Bulk Viscous Bianchi Type V Cosmological Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hubble%20constants" title=" hubble constants"> hubble constants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20constant" title=" gravitational constant"> gravitational constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmological%20constants" title=" cosmological constants"> cosmological constants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78768/bulk-viscous-bianchi-type-v-cosmological-model-with-time-dependent-gravitational-constant-and-cosmological-constant-in-general-relativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Generalized Chaplygin Gas and Varying Bulk Viscosity in Lyra Geometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Sethi">A. K. Sethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20N.%20Patra"> R. N. Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Nayak"> B. Nayak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we have considered Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric with generalized Chaplygin gas which has viscosity in the context of Lyra geometry. The viscosity is considered in two different ways (i.e. zero viscosity, non-constant <em>r</em> (rho)-dependent bulk viscosity) using constant deceleration parameter which concluded that, for a special case, the viscous generalized Chaplygin gas reduces to modified Chaplygin gas. The represented model indicates on the presence of Chaplygin gas in the Universe. Observational constraints are applied and discussed on the physical and geometrical nature of the Universe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20viscosity" title="bulk viscosity">bulk viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyra%20geometry" title=" lyra geometry"> lyra geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20chaplygin%20gas" title=" generalized chaplygin gas"> generalized chaplygin gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmology" title=" cosmology"> cosmology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105557/generalized-chaplygin-gas-and-varying-bulk-viscosity-in-lyra-geometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Discrete-Time Bulk Queue with Service Capacity Depending on Previous Service Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yutae%20Lee">Yutae Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers a discrete-time bulk-arrival bulkservice queueing system, where service capacity varies depending on the previous service time. By using the generating function technique and the supplementary variable method, we compute the distributions of the queue length at an arbitrary slot boundary and a departure time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete-time%20queue" title="discrete-time queue">discrete-time queue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20queue" title=" bulk queue"> bulk queue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20service%20capacity" title=" variable service capacity"> variable service capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queue%20length%20distribution" title=" queue length distribution"> queue length distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4113/discrete-time-bulk-queue-with-service-capacity-depending-on-previous-service-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Clinical Effectiveness of Bulk-fill Resin Composite: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taraneh%20Estedlal">Taraneh Estedlal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to review in-vivo and in-vitro studies to compare the effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites with regard to marginal adaptation, polymerization shrinkage, and other mechanical properties.PubMed and Scopus databases was investigated for in-vitro studies and randomized clinical trials comparing incidence of fractures, color stability, marginal adaptation, pain and discomfort, recurrent caries, occlusion, pulpal reaction, and proper proximal contacts of restorations made with conventional and bulk resins. The failure rate of conventional and flowable bulk-fill resin composites was not significantly different to sculptable bulk-fill resin composites. The objective of this study was to review in-vivo and in-vitro studies to compare the effectiveness of bulk-fill and conventional resin composites with regard to marginal adaptation, polymerization shrinkage, and other mechanical properties. PubMed and Scopus databases was investigated for in-vitro studies and randomized clinical trials comparing one of the pearlier mentioned properties between bulk-fill and control composites. Despite differences in physical and in-vitro properties, failure rate of conventional and flowable bulk-fill resin composites was not significantly different to sculptable bulk-fill resin composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerization%20shrinkage" title="polymerization shrinkage">polymerization shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20stability" title=" color stability"> color stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marginal%20adaptation" title=" marginal adaptation"> marginal adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20caries" title=" recurrent caries"> recurrent caries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusion" title=" occlusion"> occlusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulpal%20reaction" title=" pulpal reaction"> pulpal reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144282/clinical-effectiveness-of-bulk-fill-resin-composite-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Physical Properties of Nine Nigerian Staple Food Flours Related to Bulk Handling and Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ogunsina%20Babatunde">Ogunsina Babatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aregbesola%20Omotayo"> Aregbesola Omotayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adebayo%20Adewale"> Adebayo Adewale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odunlami%20Johnson"> Odunlami Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physical properties of nine Nigerian staple food flours related to bulk handling and processing were investigated following standard procedures. The results showed that the moisture content, bulk density, angle of repose, water absorption capacity, swelling index, dispersability, pH and wettability of the flours ranged from 9.95 to 11.98%, 0.44 to 0.66 g/cm3, 31.43 to 39.65o, 198.3 to 291.7 g of water/100 g of sample, 5.53 to 7.63, 60.3 to 73.8%, 4.43 to 6.70, and 11 to 150 s. The particle size analysis of the flour samples indicated significant differences (p<0.05). The least gelation concentration of the flour samples ranged from 6 to 14%. The colour of the flours fell between light and saturated, with the exception of cassava, millet and maize flours which appear dark and dull. The properties of food flours depend largely on the inherent property of the food material and may influence their functional behaviour as food materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title="properties">properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flours" title=" flours"> flours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staple%20food" title=" staple food"> staple food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20handling" title=" bulk handling"> bulk handling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37450/physical-properties-of-nine-nigerian-staple-food-flours-related-to-bulk-handling-and-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Bulk-Density and Lignocellulose Composition: Influence of Changing Lignocellulosic Composition on Bulk-Density during Anaerobic Digestion and Implication of Compacted Lignocellulose Bed on Mass Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aastha%20Paliwal">Aastha Paliwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20N.%20Chanakya"> H. N. Chanakya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dasappa"> S. Dasappa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lignocellulose, as an alternate feedstock for biogas production, has been an active area of research. However, lignocellulose poses a lot of operational difficulties- widespread variation in the structural organization of lignocellulosic matrix, amenability to degradation, low bulk density, to name a few. Amongst these, the low bulk density of the lignocellulosic feedstock is crucial to the process operation and optimization. Low bulk densities render the feedstock floating in conventional liquid/wet digesters. Low bulk densities also restrict the maximum achievable organic loading rate in the reactor, decreasing the power density of the reactor. However, during digestion, lignocellulose undergoes very high compaction (up to 26 times feeding density). This first reduces the achievable OLR (because of low feeding density) and compaction during digestion, then renders the reactor space underutilized and also imposes significant mass transfer limitations. The objective of this paper was to understand the effects of compacting lignocellulose on mass transfer and the influence of loss of different components on the bulk density and hence structural integrity of the digesting lignocellulosic feedstock. 10 different lignocellulosic feedstocks (monocots and dicots) were digested anaerobically in a fed-batch, leach bed reactor -solid-state stratified bed reactor (SSBR). Percolation rates of the recycled bio-digester liquid (BDL) were also measured during the reactor run period to understand the implication of compaction on mass transfer. After 95 ds, in a destructive sampling, lignocellulosic feedstocks digested at different SRT were investigated to quantitate the weekly changes in bulk density and lignocellulosic composition. Further, percolation rate data was also compared to bulk density data. Results from the study indicate loss of hemicellulose (r²=0.76), hot water extractives (r²=0.68), and oxalate extractives (r²=0.64) had dominant influence on changing the structural integrity of the studied lignocellulose during anaerobic digestion. Further, feeding bulk density of the lignocellulose can be maintained between 300-400kg/m³ to achieve higher OLR, and bulk density of 440-500kg/m³ incurs significant mass transfer limitation for high compacting beds of dicots. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title="anaerobic digestion">anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20density" title=" bulk density"> bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20compaction" title=" feed compaction"> feed compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulose" title=" lignocellulose"> lignocellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20matrix" title=" lignocellulosic matrix"> lignocellulosic matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemicellulose" title=" hemicellulose"> hemicellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignin" title=" lignin"> lignin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extractives" title=" extractives"> extractives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title=" mass transfer"> mass transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144830/bulk-density-and-lignocellulose-composition-influence-of-changing-lignocellulosic-composition-on-bulk-density-during-anaerobic-digestion-and-implication-of-compacted-lignocellulose-bed-on-mass-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> The Role of Initiator in the Synthesis of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites through Bulk Polymerization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsung-Yen%20Tsai">Tsung-Yen Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveen%20Bunekar"> Naveen Bunekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Hsuan%20Chang"> Ming Hsuan Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Kuang%20Wang"> Wen-Kuang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Onda"> Satoshi Onda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structure-property relationship and initiator effect on bulk polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–oragnomodified layered silicate nanocomposites was investigated. In this study, we used 2, 2'-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl valeronitrile and benzoyl peroxide initiators for bulk polymerization. The bulk polymerized nanocomposites’ morphology was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The type of initiator strongly influences the physiochemical properties of the polymer nanocomposite. The thermal degradation of PMMA in the presence of nanofiller was studied. 5 wt% weight loss temperature (T5d) increased as compared to pure PMMA. The peak degradation temperature increased for the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to investigate the glass transition temperature and the nature of the constrained region as the reinforcement mechanism respectively. Furthermore, the optical properties such as UV-Vis and Total Luminous Transmission of nanocomposites are examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initiator" title="initiator">initiator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20polymerization" title=" bulk polymerization"> bulk polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20silicates" title=" layered silicates"> layered silicates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20methacrylate" title=" methyl methacrylate"> methyl methacrylate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94517/the-role-of-initiator-in-the-synthesis-of-polymethyl-methacrylate-layered-silicate-nanocomposites-through-bulk-polymerization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">686</span> Bulk Transport in Strongly Correlated Topological Insulator Samarium Hexaboride Using Hall Effect and Inverted Resistance Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexa%20Rakoski">Alexa Rakoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Suk%20Eo"> Yun Suk Eo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cagliyan%20Kurdak"> Cagliyan Kurdak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscila%20F.%20S.%20Rosa"> Priscila F. S. Rosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zachary%20Fisk"> Zachary Fisk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Ciomaga%20Hatnean"> Monica Ciomaga Hatnean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetha%20Balakrishnan"> Geetha Balakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boyoun%20Kang"> Boyoun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myungsuk%20Song"> Myungsuk Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byungki%20Cho"> Byungki Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Samarium hexaboride (SmB6) is a strongly correlated mixed valence material and Kondo insulator. In the resistance-temperature curve, SmB6 exhibits activated behavior from 4-40 K after the Kondo gap forms. However, below 4 K, the resistivity is temperature independent or weakly temperature dependent due to the appearance of a topologically protected surface state. Current research suggests that the surface of SmB6 is conductive while the bulk is truly insulating, different from conventional 3D TIs (Topological Insulators) like Bi₂Se₃ which are plagued by bulk conduction due to impurities. To better understand why the bulk of SmB6 is so different from conventional TIs, this study employed a new method, called inverted resistance, to explore the lowest temperatures, as well as standard Hall measurements for the rest of the temperature range. In the inverted resistance method, current flows from an inner contact to an outer ring, and voltage is measured outside of this outer ring. This geometry confines the surface current and allows for measurement of the bulk resistivity even when the conductive surface dominates transport (below 4 K). The results confirm that the bulk of SmB6 is truly insulating down to 2 K. Hall measurements on a number of samples show consistent bulk behavior from 4-40 K, but widely varying behavior among samples above 40 K. This is attributed to a combination of the growth process and purity of the starting material, and the relationship between the high and low temperature behaviors is still being explored. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20transport" title="bulk transport">bulk transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hall%20effect" title=" Hall effect"> Hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20resistance" title=" inverted resistance"> inverted resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kondo%20insulator" title=" Kondo insulator"> Kondo insulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=samarium%20hexaboride" title=" samarium hexaboride"> samarium hexaboride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20insulator" title=" topological insulator"> topological insulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94303/bulk-transport-in-strongly-correlated-topological-insulator-samarium-hexaboride-using-hall-effect-and-inverted-resistance-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">685</span> Electrical Characterization of Hg/n-bulk GaN Schottky Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Nabil">B. Nabil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Zahir"> O. Zahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Abdelaziz"> R. Abdelaziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present the results of electrical characterizations current-voltage and capacity-voltage implementation of a method of making a Schottky diode on bulk gallium nitride doped n. We made temporary Schottky contact of Mercury (Hg) and an ohmic contact of silver (Ag), the electrical characterizations current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) allows us to determine the difference parameters of our structure (Hg /n-GaN) as the barrier height (ΦB), the ideality factor (n), the series resistor (Rs), the voltage distribution (Vd), the doping of the substrate (Nd) and density of interface states (Nss). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulk%20Gallium%20nitride" title="Bulk Gallium nitride">Bulk Gallium nitride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20characterization" title=" electrical characterization"> electrical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diode" title=" Schottky diode"> Schottky diode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series%20resistance" title=" series resistance"> series resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20doping" title=" substrate doping"> substrate doping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1498/electrical-characterization-of-hgn-bulk-gan-schottky-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">684</span> Flow Characteristic Analysis for Hatch Type Air Vent Head of Bulk Cargo Ship by Computational Fluid Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanik%20Park">Hanik Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungsook%20Jeon"> Kyungsook Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchul%20Shin"> Suchul Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youngchul%20Park"> Youngchul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The air vent head prevents the inflow of seawater into the cargo holds when it is used for the ballast tank on heavy weather. In this study, the flow characteristics and the grid size were created by the application of Computational Fluid Dynamics by taking into the consideration of comparison of test results. Then, the accuracy of the analysis was verified by comparing with experimental results. Based on this analysis, accurate turbulence model and grid size can be selected. Thus, the design characteristic of air vent head for bulk carrier contributes the reliability based on the research results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20carrier" title="bulk carrier">bulk carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SST" title=" SST"> SST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vent" title=" vent"> vent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50159/flow-characteristic-analysis-for-hatch-type-air-vent-head-of-bulk-cargo-ship-by-computational-fluid-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">683</span> Effect of Bulk Density and Fiber Blend Content of Nonwoven Textiles on Flammability Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klara%20Masnicova">Klara Masnicova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Chaloupek"> Jiri Chaloupek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flammability plays an important role in applications such as thermal and acoustic insulation and other technical nonwoven textiles. The study was conducted in an attempt to investigate the flammability behavior of nonwoven textiles in relation to their structural and material characteristics, with emphasis given to the blending ratios of flammable and non-flammable fibers or fibers with reduced flammability. Nonwoven structures made of blends of viscose/oxidized polyacrylonitrile (VS/oxidized PAN fibers and polyethylene terephthalate/oxidized polyacrylonitrile (PET/oxidized PAN) fibers in several bulk densities are evaluated. The VS/oxidized PAN blend is model material. The flammability was studied using a cone calorimeter. Reaction to fire was observed using the small flame test method. Interestingly, the results show some of the blending ratios do not react to the heat in linear response to bulk density. This outcome can have a huge impact on future product development in fire safety and for the general understanding of flammability behavior of nonwovens made of staple fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20density" title="bulk density">bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20calorimetry" title=" cone calorimetry"> cone calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flammability" title=" flammability"> flammability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonwoven%20textiles" title=" nonwoven textiles"> nonwoven textiles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133638/effect-of-bulk-density-and-fiber-blend-content-of-nonwoven-textiles-on-flammability-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">682</span> Theoretical Method for Full Ab-Initio Calculation of Rhenium Carbide Compound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.Rached">D.Rached</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Rabah"> M.Rabah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> First principles calculations are carried out to investigate the structural, electronic, and elastic properties of the utraincompressible materials, namely, noble metal carbide of Rhenium carbide (ReC) in four phases, the rocksalt (NaCl-B1), zinc blende (ZB-B2), the tungsten carbide(Bh) (WC), and the nickel arsenide (NiAs-B8).The ground state properties such as the equilibrium lattice constant, elastic constants, the bulk modulus its pressure derivate, and the hardness of ReC in these phases are systematically predicted by calculations from first–principles. The corresponding calculated bulk modulus is comparable with that of diamond, especially for the B8 –type rhenium carbide (ReC), the incompressibility along the c axis is demonstrated to exceed the linear incompressibility of diamond. Our calculations confirm in the nickel arsenide (B8) structure the ReC is found to be stable with a large bulk modulus B=440 GPa and the tungsten carbide (WC) structure becomes the most more favourable with to respect B3 and B1 structures, which ReC- WC is meta-stable. Furthermore, the highest bulk modulus values in the zinc blende (B3), rock salt (B1), tungsten carbide (WC), and the nickel arsenide (B8) structures (294GPa, 401GPa, 415GPa and 447 GPa, respectively) indicates that ReC is a hard material, and is superhard compound H(B8)= 36 GPa compared with the H(diamond)=96 GPa and H(c BN)=63.10 GPa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FP-LMTO" title=" FP-LMTO"> FP-LMTO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasticity" title=" elasticity"> elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure" title=" high pressure"> high pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20properties" title=" thermodynamic properties"> thermodynamic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20material" title=" hard material"> hard material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13995/theoretical-method-for-full-ab-initio-calculation-of-rhenium-carbide-compound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">681</span> Bulk Electrical Resistivity of Geopolymer Mortars: The Effect of Binder Composition and Alkali Concentration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Babaee">Mahdi Babaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnaud%20Castel"> Arnaud Castel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main hurdles for commercial adaptation of geopolymer concrete (GPC) as a low-embodied-carbon alternative for Portland cement concrete (PCC) is the durability aspects and its long-term performance in aggressive/corrosive environments. GPC is comparatively a new engineering material and in the absence of a track record of successful durability performance, proper experimental studies to investigate different durability-related characteristics of GPC seem inevitable. In this context, this paper aims to study the bulk electrical resistivity of geopolymer mortars fabricated of blends of low-calcium fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Bulk electrical resistivity is recognized as one of the most important parameters influencing the rate of corrosion of reinforcing bars during the propagation phase of corrosion. To investigate the effect of alkali concentration on the resistivity of the samples, 100x200 mm mortar cylinders were cast at different alkali concentration levels, whereas the modulus ratio (the molar ratio of SiO2/Na2O) was fixed for the mixes, and the bulk electrical resistivity was then measured. Also, the effect of the binder composition was assessed with respect to the ratio of FA to GGBS used. Results show a superior performance of samples with higher GGBS content. Lower concentration of the solution has increased the resistivity by reducing the amount of mobile alkali ions in the pore solution. Moreover, GGBS-based samples showed a much sharper increase in the electrical resistivity with decreasing the moisture content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20resistivity" title="bulk resistivity">bulk resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title=" geopolymer concrete"> geopolymer concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74311/bulk-electrical-resistivity-of-geopolymer-mortars-the-effect-of-binder-composition-and-alkali-concentration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">680</span> Characteristics of GaAs/InGaP and AlGaAs/GaAs/InAlGaP Npn Heterostructural Optoelectronic Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Feng%20Guo">Der-Feng Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optoelectronic switches have attracted a considerable attention in the semiconductor research field due to their potential applications in optical computing systems and optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). With high gains and high-speed operations, npn heterostructures can be used to produce promising optoelectronic switches. It is known that the bulk barrier and heterostructure-induced potential spike act important roles in the characteristics of the npn heterostructures. To investigate the effects of bulk barrier and potential spike heights on the optoelectronic switching of the npn heterostructures, GaAs/InGaP and AlGaAs/GaAs/InAlGaP npn heterostructural optoelectronic switches (HSOSs) have been fabricated in this work. It is seen that the illumination decreases the switching voltage Vs and increases the switching current Is, and thus the OFF state is under dark and ON state under illumination in the optical switching of the GaAs/InGaP HSOS characteristics. But in the AlGaAs/GaAs/InAlGaP HSOS characteristics, the Vs and Is present contrary trends, and the OFF state is under illumination and ON state under dark. The studied HSOSs show quite different switching variations with incident light, which are mainly attributed to the bulk barrier and potential spike heights affected by photogenerated carriers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20barrier" title="bulk barrier">bulk barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterostructure" title=" heterostructure"> heterostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optoelectronic%20switch" title=" optoelectronic switch"> optoelectronic switch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20spike" title=" potential spike"> potential spike</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56272/characteristics-of-gaasingap-and-algaasgaasinalgap-npn-heterostructural-optoelectronic-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">679</span> Analysis of Geotechnical Parameters from Geophysical Information</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewoyin%20O.%20Olusegun">Adewoyin O. Olusegun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinwumi%20I.%20Isaac"> Akinwumi I. Isaac</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In some part of the world where legislations related to site investigations before constructions are not strictly enforced, the expenses and time required for carrying out a comprehensive geotechnical investigation to characterize a site can discourage prospective private residential building developers. Another factor that can discourage a developer is the fact that most of the geotechnical tests procedures utilized during site investigations, to a certain extent, alter the existing environment of the site. This study suggests a quick, non-destructive and non-intrusive method of obtaining key subsoil geotechnical properties necessary for foundation design for proposed engineering facilities. Seismic wave velocities generated from near surface refraction method was used to determine the bulk density of soil, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus and allowable bearing capacity of a competent layer that can bear structural load at the particular study site. Also, regression equations were developed in order to directly obtain the bulk density of soil, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus and allowable bearing capacity from the compressional wave velocities. The results obtained correlated with the results of standard geotechnical investigations carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterize" title="characterize">characterize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geophysical" title=" geophysical"> geophysical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical" title=" geotechnical"> geotechnical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37069/analysis-of-geotechnical-parameters-from-geophysical-information" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">678</span> Bulk/Hull Cavitation Induced by Underwater Explosion: Effect of Material Elasticity and Surface Curvature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenfeng%20Xie">Wenfeng Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bulk/hull cavitation evolution induced by an underwater explosion (UNDEX) near a free surface (bulk) or a deformable structure (hull) is numerically investigated using a multiphase compressible ﬂuid solver coupled with a one-ﬂuid cavitation model. A series of two-dimensional computations is conducted with varying material elasticity and surface curvature. Results suggest that material elasticity and surface curvature inﬂuence the peak pressures generated from UNDEX shock and cavitation collapse, as well as the bulk/hull cavitation regions near the surface. Results also show that such effects can be different for bulk cavitation generated from UNDEX-free surface interaction and for hull cavitation generated from UNDEX-structure interaction. More importantly, results demonstrate that shock wave focusing caused by a concave solid surface can lead to a larger cavitation region and thus intensify the cavitation reload. The ﬁndings can be linked to the strength and the direction of reﬂected waves from the structural surface and reﬂected waves from the expanding bubble surface, which are functions of material elasticity and surface curvature. Shockwave focusing effects are also observed for axisymmetric simulations, but the strength of the pressure contours for the axisymmetric simulations is less than those for the 2D simulations due to the difference between the initial shock energy. The current method is limited to two-dimensional or axisymmetric applications. Moreover, the thermal effects are neglected and the liquid is not allowed to sustain tension in the cavitation model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title="cavitation">cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UNDEX" title=" UNDEX"> UNDEX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid-structure%20interaction" title=" fluid-structure interaction"> fluid-structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase" title=" multiphase"> multiphase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98340/bulkhull-cavitation-induced-by-underwater-explosion-effect-of-material-elasticity-and-surface-curvature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">677</span> Solitons and Universes with Acceleration Driven by Bulk Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Amaro%20de%20Faria%20Jr">A. C. Amaro de Faria Jr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Canone"> A. M. Canone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering a scenario where our universe is taken as a 3d domain wall embedded in a 5d dimensional Minkowski space-time, we explore the existence of a richer class of solitonic solutions and their consequences for accelerating universes driven by collisions of bulk particle excitations with the walls. In particular it is shown that some of these solutions should play a fundamental role at the beginning of the expansion process. We present some of these solutions in cosmological scenarios that can be applied to models that describe the inflationary period of the Universe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solitons" title="solitons">solitons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20defects" title=" topological defects"> topological defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branes" title=" branes"> branes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinks" title=" kinks"> kinks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerating%20universes%20in%20brane%20scenarios" title=" accelerating universes in brane scenarios"> accelerating universes in brane scenarios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111907/solitons-and-universes-with-acceleration-driven-by-bulk-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">676</span> Use of Dendrochronology in Estimation of Creep Velocity and Its Dependence on the Bulk Density of Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad%20Sabir">Mohammad Amjad Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishtiaq%20Khan"> Ishtiaq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Ali"> Shahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Shabbir"> Umar Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneel%20Ahmad"> Aneel Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep, being the main silt contributor to the rivers, is a slow, downhill flow of soils. The creep velocity is measured in millimeters to a couple of centimeters per year and is determined with the help of tilt caused by creep in the vertical objects and needs at least ten years to get a reliable creep velocity. This project was devised to calculate creep velocity using dendrochronology and looking for the difference of creep velocity registered by different trees on the same slope. It was concluded that dendrochronology provides a very reliable procedure of creep velocity estimation if ‘J’ shaped trees are studied for their horizontal movement and age. The age of these trees was measured using tree coring, and the horizontal movement was measured with a conventional tape. Using this procedure it does not require decades and additionally the data reveals the creep velocity for up to 150 years and even more instead of just a decade. It was also concluded that the creep velocity does not only depend on bulk density of soil hence no pronounced effect of bulk density was detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep%20velocity" title="creep velocity">creep velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galiyat" title=" Galiyat"> Galiyat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendrochronology" title=" dendrochronology"> dendrochronology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagri%20Bala" title=" Nagri Bala"> Nagri Bala</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711/use-of-dendrochronology-in-estimation-of-creep-velocity-and-its-dependence-on-the-bulk-density-of-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">675</span> Enhancement of Critical Current Density of Liquid Infiltration Processed Y-Ba-Cu-O Bulk Superconductors Used for Flywheel Energy Storage System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Mahmood">Asif Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Alzeghayer"> Yousef Alzeghayer </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The size effects of a precursor Y2BaCuO5 (Y211) powder on the microstructure and critical current density (Jc) of liquid infiltration growth (LIG)-processed YBa2Cu3O7-y (Y123) bulk superconductors were investigated in terms of milling time (t). YBCO bulk samples having high Jc values have been selected for the flywheel energy storage system. Y211 powders were attrition-milled for 0-10 h in 2 h increments at a fixed rotation speed of 400 RPM. Y211 pre-forms were made by pelletizing the milled Y211 powders followed by subsequent sintering, after which an LIG process with top seeding was applied to the Y211/Ba3Cu5O8 (Y035) pre-forms. Spherical pores were observed in all LIG-processed Y123 samples, and the pore density gradually decreased as t increased from 0 h to 8 h. In addition to the reduced pore density, the Y211 particle size in the final Y123 products also decreased with increasing t. As t increased further to 10 h, unexpected Y211 coarsening and large pore evolutions were observed. The magnetic susceptibility-temperature curves showed that the onset superconducting transition temperature (Tc, onset) of all samples was the same (91.5 K), but the transition width became greater as t increased. The Jc of the Y123 bulk superconductors fabricated in this study was observed to correlate well with t of the Y211 precursor powder. The maximum Jc of 1.0×105 A cm-2 (at 77 K, 0 T) was achieved at t = 8 h, which is attributed to the reduction in pore density and Y211 particle size. The prolonged milling time of t = 10 h decreased the Jc of the LIG-processed Y123 superconductor owing to the evolution of large pores and exaggerated Y211 growth. YBCO bulk samples having high Jc (samples prepared using 8 h milled powders) have been used for the energy storage system in flywheel energy storage system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20current" title="critical current">critical current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20superconductor" title=" bulk superconductor"> bulk superconductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20infiltration" title=" liquid infiltration"> liquid infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3564/enhancement-of-critical-current-density-of-liquid-infiltration-processed-y-ba-cu-o-bulk-superconductors-used-for-flywheel-energy-storage-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">674</span> Wave Velocity-Rock Property Relationships in Shallow Marine Libyan Carbonate Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20S.%20Duzan">Tarek S. Duzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20F.%20Ettir"> Abdulaziz F. Ettir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wave velocities, Core and Log petrophysical data were collected from recently drilled four new wells scattered through-out the Dahra/Jofra (PL-5) Reservoir. The collected data were analyzed for the relationships of Wave Velocities with rock property such as Porosity, permeability and Bulk Density. Lots of Literature review reveals a number of differing results and conclusions regarding wave velocities (Compressional Waves (Vp) and Shear Waves (Vs)) versus rock petrophysical property relationships, especially in carbonate reservoirs. In this paper, we focused on the relationships between wave velocities (Vp , Vs) and the ratio Vp/Vs with rock properties for shallow marine libyan carbonate reservoir (Real Case). Upon data analysis, a relationship between petrophysical properties and wave velocities (Vp, Vs) and the ratio Vp/Vs has been found. Porosity and bulk density properties have shown exponential relationship with wave velocities, while permeability has shown a power relationship in the interested zone. It is also clear that wave velocities (Vp , Vs) seems to be a good indicator for the lithology change with true vertical depth. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use the output relationships to predict porosity, bulk density and permeability of the similar reservoir type utilizing the most recent seismic data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20core%20analysis%20%28porosity" title="conventional core analysis (porosity">conventional core analysis (porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability%20bulk%20density%29%20data" title=" permeability bulk density) data"> permeability bulk density) data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VS%20wave%20and%20P-wave%20velocities" title=" VS wave and P-wave velocities"> VS wave and P-wave velocities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shallow%20carbonate%20reservoir%20in%20D%2FJ%20field" title=" shallow carbonate reservoir in D/J field"> shallow carbonate reservoir in D/J field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40040/wave-velocity-rock-property-relationships-in-shallow-marine-libyan-carbonate-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">673</span> Temperature-Dependent Structural Characterization of Type-II Dirac Semi-Metal nite₂ From Bulk to Exfoliated Thin Flakes Using Raman Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minna%20Theres%20James">Minna Theres James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nirmal%20K%20Sebastian"> Nirmal K Sebastian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoubhik%20Mandal"> Shoubhik Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pramita%20Mishra"> Pramita Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%20Ganesan"> R Ganesan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%20S%20Anil%20Kumar"> P S Anil Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report the temperature-dependent evolution of Raman spectra of type-II Dirac semimetal (DSM) NiTe2 (001) in the form of bulk single crystal and a nanoflake (200 nm thick) for the first time. A physical model that can quantitatively explain the evolution of out of plane A1g and in-plane E1g Raman modes is used. The non-linear variation of peak positions of the Raman modes with temperature is explained by anharmonic three-phonon and four-phonon processes along with thermal expansion of the lattice. We also observe prominent effect of electron-phonon coupling from the variation of FWHM of the peaks with temperature, indicating the metallicity of the samples. Raman mode E1 1g corresponding to an in plane vibration disappears on decreasing the thickness from bulk to nanoflake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raman%20spectroscopy" title="raman spectroscopy">raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%202%20dirac%20semimetal" title=" type 2 dirac semimetal"> type 2 dirac semimetal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20telluride" title=" nickel telluride"> nickel telluride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonon-phonon%20coupling" title=" phonon-phonon coupling"> phonon-phonon coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20phonon%20coupling" title=" electron phonon coupling"> electron phonon coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal%20dichalcogonide" title=" transition metal dichalcogonide"> transition metal dichalcogonide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148958/temperature-dependent-structural-characterization-of-type-ii-dirac-semi-metal-nite2-from-bulk-to-exfoliated-thin-flakes-using-raman-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">672</span> Inherent Relation Between Atomic-Level Stresses and Nanoscale Spatial Heterogeneity in a Rejuvenated Bulk Metallic Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Samavatian">Majid Samavatian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Gholamipour"> Reza Gholamipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Samavatian"> Vahid Samavatian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study addresses the role of rejuvenation on the fluctuation of atomic-level stresses and nanoscale topological heterogeneity in ZrCuNiAl bulk metallic glass (BMG). Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) results, the rejuvenation process leads to an increase in nanoscale spatial heterogeneity manifested by the intensification of the local viscoelastic response of the BMG nanostructure. It means that the rejuvenation process induces more loose-packing structures which behave towards an external load in a viscoelastic way. Hence, it is suggested that the alteration of such heterogeneity may be attributed to the variation of positional atomic rearrangement during the evolution of structural rejuvenation. On the other side, the synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the rejuvenation intensifies the variation of internal stresses at the atomic level. This conclusion unfolds that the increase of atomic-level stresses during rejuvenation induces structural disordering and nanoscale heterogeneity in the amorphous material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20metallic%20glass" title="bulk metallic glass">bulk metallic glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title=" heterogeneity"> heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejuvenation" title=" rejuvenation"> rejuvenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121311/inherent-relation-between-atomic-level-stresses-and-nanoscale-spatial-heterogeneity-in-a-rejuvenated-bulk-metallic-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">671</span> Machine Vision System for Measuring the Quality of Bulk Sun-dried Organic Raisins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navab%20Karimi">Navab Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tohid%20Alizadeh"> Tohid Alizadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An intelligent vision-based system was designed to measure the quality and purity of raisins. A machine vision setup was utilized to capture the images of bulk raisins in ranges of 5-50% mixed pure-impure berries. The textural features of bulk raisins were extracted using Grey-level Histograms, Co-occurrence Matrix, and Local Binary Pattern (a total of 108 features). Genetic Algorithm and neural network regression were used for selecting and ranking the best features (21 features). As a result, the GLCM features set was found to have the highest accuracy (92.4%) among the other sets. Followingly, multiple feature combinations of the previous stage were fed into the second regression (linear regression) to increase accuracy, wherein a combination of 16 features was found to be the optimum. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used to differentiate the mixtures, producing the best efficiency and accuracy of 96.2% and 97.35%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun-dried%20organic%20raisin" title="sun-dried organic raisin">sun-dried organic raisin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ann%20regression" title=" ann regression"> ann regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression" title=" linear regression"> linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20azerbaijan." title=" south azerbaijan."> south azerbaijan.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172004/machine-vision-system-for-measuring-the-quality-of-bulk-sun-dried-organic-raisins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">670</span> Study the effect of bulk traps on Solar Blind Photodetector Based on an IZTO/β Ga2O3/ITO Schottky Diode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laboratory%20of%20Semiconducting">Laboratory of Semiconducting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metallic%20Materials%20%28LMSM%29%20Biskra%20Algeria">Metallic Materials (LMSM) Biskra Algeria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> InZnSnO2 (IZTO)/β-Ga2O3 Schottky solar barrier photodetector (PhD) exposed to 255 nm was simulated and compared to the measurement. Numerical simulations successfully reproduced the photocurrent at reverse bias and response by taking into account several factors, such as conduction mechanisms and material parameters. By adopting reducing the density of the trap as an improvement. The effect of reducing the bulk trap densities on the photocurrent, response, and time-dependent (continuous conductivity) was studied. As the trap density decreased, the photocurrent increased. The response was 0.04 A/W for the low Ga2O3 trap density. The estimated decay time for the lowest intensity ET (0.74, 1.04 eV) is 0.05 s and is shorter at ∼0.015 s for ET (0.55 eV). This indicates that the shallow traps had the dominant effect (ET = 0.55 eV) on the continuous photoconductivity phenomenon. Furthermore, with decreasing trap densities, this PhD can be considered as a self-powered solar-blind photodiode (SBPhD). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IZTO%2F%CE%B2-Ga2O3" title="IZTO/β-Ga2O3">IZTO/β-Ga2O3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-powered%20solar-blind%20photodetector" title=" self-powered solar-blind photodetector"> self-powered solar-blind photodetector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20traps" title=" bulk traps"> bulk traps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167378/study-the-effect-of-bulk-traps-on-solar-blind-photodetector-based-on-an-iztov-ga2o3ito-schottky-diode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=23">23</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=24">24</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>