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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manhattan_DA's_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manhattan_DA's_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Manhattan DA's office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manhattan_DA's_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conviction_for_heroin_possession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conviction_for_heroin_possession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Conviction for heroin possession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conviction_for_heroin_possession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riverkeeper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riverkeeper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Riverkeeper </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riverkeeper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pace_Environmental_Litigation_Clinic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pace_Environmental_Litigation_Clinic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pace_Environmental_Litigation_Clinic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterkeeper_Alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterkeeper_Alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Waterkeeper Alliance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterkeeper_Alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_City_Watershed_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_City_Watershed_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 New York City Watershed Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_City_Watershed_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kennedy_&_Madonna_LLP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kennedy_&_Madonna_LLP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Kennedy & Madonna LLP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kennedy_&_Madonna_LLP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morgan_&_Morgan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morgan_&_Morgan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Morgan & Morgan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morgan_&_Morgan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Other ventures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minority_and_poor_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minority_and_poor_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Minority and poor communities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minority_and_poor_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_and_indigenous_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_and_indigenous_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 International and indigenous rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_and_indigenous_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_Vieques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_Vieques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 Military and Vieques </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_Vieques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydroelectricity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydroelectricity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.13 Hydroelectricity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydroelectricity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cape_Wind" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cape_Wind"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.14 Cape Wind </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cape_Wind-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Political views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Economic inequality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_affairs_and_military_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_affairs_and_military_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Foreign affairs and military intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_affairs_and_military_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Environmental policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Questioning_the_validity_of_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Questioning_the_validity_of_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Questioning the validity of elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Questioning_the_validity_of_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Political endorsements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_aspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_aspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political aspirations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_aspirations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political aspirations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_aspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Candidacy_aspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidacy_aspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Candidacy aspirations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Candidacy_aspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_consideration_for_top_environmental_jobs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s_consideration_for_top_environmental_jobs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 2000s consideration for top environmental jobs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_consideration_for_top_environmental_jobs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 2024 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-vaccine_advocacy_and_conspiracy_theories_on_public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-vaccine_advocacy_and_conspiracy_theories_on_public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Anti-vaccine advocacy and conspiracy theories on public health </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anti-vaccine_advocacy_and_conspiracy_theories_on_public_health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Anti-vaccine advocacy and conspiracy theories on public health subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Anti-vaccine_advocacy_and_conspiracy_theories_on_public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaccines_and_autism_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaccines_and_autism_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Vaccines and autism claims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaccines_and_autism_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Writings_and_speeches_promoting_anti-vaccine_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings_and_speeches_promoting_anti-vaccine_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Writings and speeches promoting anti-vaccine theories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings_and_speeches_promoting_anti-vaccine_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meeting_with_Donald_Trump" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meeting_with_Donald_Trump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Meeting with Donald Trump </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_with_Donald_Trump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_with_Robert_De_Niro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_with_Robert_De_Niro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Controversy with Robert De Niro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy_with_Robert_De_Niro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samoa_measles_outbreak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samoa_measles_outbreak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.4 Samoa measles outbreak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samoa_measles_outbreak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 COVID-19 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_racism_conspiracy_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_racism_conspiracy_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Medical racism conspiracy theory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_racism_conspiracy_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HIV/AIDS_denialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HIV/AIDS_denialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 HIV/AIDS denialism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HIV/AIDS_denialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pushback_from_the_Kennedy_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pushback_from_the_Kennedy_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Pushback from the Kennedy family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pushback_from_the_Kennedy_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_opinions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_opinions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Other opinions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_opinions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Other opinions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Other_opinions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food_allergies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_allergies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Food allergies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_allergies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murder_of_Martha_Moxley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder_of_Martha_Moxley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Murder of Martha Moxley </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murder_of_Martha_Moxley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassinations_of_John_F._Kennedy_and_Robert_F._Kennedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassinations_of_John_F._Kennedy_and_Robert_F._Kennedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassinations_of_John_F._Kennedy_and_Robert_F._Kennedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_dysphoria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_dysphoria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Gender dysphoria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_dysphoria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conspiracy_theory_about_contrails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspiracy_theory_about_contrails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Conspiracy theory about contrails </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspiracy_theory_about_contrails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 General interests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Marriages and children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexual_assault_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_assault_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Sexual assault allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_assault_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_dead_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_dead_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Treatment of dead animals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_dead_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Arms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Selected works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Selected works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Children's_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Children's books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Note </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="روبرت كينيدي جونيور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت كينيدي جونيور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%81._%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="رابرت اف. کندی جونیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت اف. کندی جونیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AB._%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0" title="রবার্ট এফ. কেনেডি জুনিয়র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট এফ. কেনেডি জুনিয়র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Робърт Кенеди-младши – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Кенеди-младши" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Ρόμπερτ Κένεντι Τζούνιορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Κένεντι Τζούνιορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%81._%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رابرت اف. کندی جونیور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت اف. کندی جونیور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Francis_Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert Francis Kennedy Jr. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Francis Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_F._%EC%BC%80%EB%84%A4%EB%94%94_%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B4" title="로버트 F. 케네디 주니어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 F. 케네디 주니어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8" title="רוברט קנדי ג'וניור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט קנדי ג'וניור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98)" title="რობერტ ფრენსის კენედი (უმცროსი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ ფრენსის კენედი (უმცროსი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Franciscus_Kennedy_Iunior" title="Robertus Franciscus Kennedy Iunior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Franciscus Kennedy Iunior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_F._Kenedijs_jaun%C4%81kais" title="Roberts F. Kenedijs jaunākais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roberts F. Kenedijs jaunākais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="روبرت كينيدى جونيور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت كينيدى جونيور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy jr. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy jr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%83%8D%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="ロバート・ケネディ・ジュニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・ケネディ・ジュニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy jr. – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy jr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰਾਬਰਟ ਫਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਕੈਨੇਡੀ ਜੂਨੀਅਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਬਰਟ ਫਰਾਂਸਿਸ ਕੈਨੇਡੀ ਜੂਨੀਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="رابرٹ فرانسس کینیڈی جونیئر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ فرانسس کینیڈی جونیئر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Кеннеди, Роберт Фрэнсис (младший) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кеннеди, Роберт Фрэнсис (младший)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_ml." title="Robert F. Kennedy ml. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy ml." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4._%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%92%D0%B8" title="Роберт Ф. Кенеди Млађи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роберт Ф. Кенеди Млађи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr." data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Роберт Френсіс Кеннеді-молодший – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Френсіс Кеннеді-молодший" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="小罗伯特·弗朗西斯·肯尼迪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小罗伯特·弗朗西斯·肯尼迪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1352872#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.&action=edit&oldid=1259755250" title="This page is protected.
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Kennedy Jr.">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American attorney and activist (born 1954)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F._Kennedy,_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/220px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/330px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/440px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="2780" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kennedy in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">United States Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> Presumptive nominee</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assuming office TBD</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (elect)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">TBD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeding</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Francis Kennedy Jr.</div> (1954-01-17) January 17, 1954 (age 70) Washington, D.C., U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (since 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (before 2023)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Emily Black</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1982; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1994)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson_Kennedy" title="Mary Richardson Kennedy">Mary Richardson</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1994; died 2012)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hines" title="Cheryl Hines">Cheryl Hines</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2014)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Kennedy" title="Ethel Kennedy">Ethel Kennedy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LLM</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Environmental lawyer</li><li>Writer</li><li>Anti-vaccine activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._speaks_about_Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_2023.ogg" title="File:Robert F. Kennedy Jr. speaks about Dwight D. Eisenhower, 2023.ogg">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._speaks_about_Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_2023.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._speaks_about_Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_2023.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/85/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._speaks_about_Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_2023.ogg/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._speaks_about_Dwight_D._Eisenhower%2C_2023.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Kennedy speaks about the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration">foreign policy of the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration</a> Recorded June 29, 2023</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Robert Francis Kennedy Jr. (born January 17, 1954), also known by his initials RFK Jr., is an American politician, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_lawyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental lawyer">environmental lawyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-vaccine activist">anti-vaccine activist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theorist">conspiracy theorist</a> whom President-elect <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> has nominated to serve as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">United States secretary of health and human services</a>.<a href="#cite_note-v502-1">[1]</a> Kennedy is the chairman and founder of <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Defense" title="Children's Health Defense">Children's Health Defense</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">anti-vaccine advocacy</a> group and proponent of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation">COVID-19 vaccine misinformation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_12/15/2021-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a> He was on the ballot in some states as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_candidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent candidate">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">candidate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NBCEndorsed-4">[4]</a> A member of the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a>, he is a son of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> and senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>, and a nephew of U.S. president <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>. After growing up in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington, D.C. area</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, Kennedy graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_School_of_Law" title="University of Virginia School of Law">University of Virginia School of Law</a>. He began his career as an assistant district attorney in New York City. In the mid-1980s, he joined two <a href="/wiki/Nonprofits" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonprofits">nonprofits</a> focused on <a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">environmental protection</a>: <a href="/wiki/Riverkeeper" title="Riverkeeper">Riverkeeper</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> (NRDC).<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> His work at Riverkeeper set long-term environmental legal standards. At both organizations, Kennedy won legal battles against large corporate polluters. He became an adjunct professor of <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental law</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pace_University_School_of_Law" title="Pace University School of Law">Pace University School of Law</a> in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In 1987, Kennedy founded Pace's Environmental Litigation Clinic, and held the positions of supervising attorney and co-director there until 2017.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> He founded the nonprofit environmental group <a href="/wiki/Waterkeeper_Alliance" title="Waterkeeper Alliance">Waterkeeper Alliance</a> in 1999, serving as the president of its board until 2020.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Since 2005, Kennedy has promoted <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">vaccine misinformation</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and public-health conspiracy theories,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> including the scientifically disproven claim of a causal link between <a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">vaccines and autism</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal" title="Thiomersal">preservative Kennedy bases his claims on</a> has not been used in childhood vaccines since 2001.<a href="#cite_note-mnookin-2017-11">[11]</a> Since the onset of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, he has emerged as a leading proponent of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith_12/15/2021-2">[2]</a> Many of his often false public health claims have targeted prominent figures such as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>. He has written books including <a href="/wiki/The_Riverkeepers" title="The Riverkeepers">The Riverkeepers</a> (1997), <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Anthony_Fauci" title="The Real Anthony Fauci">The Real Anthony Fauci</a> (2021), and <a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_Liberals" title="A Letter to Liberals">A Letter to Liberals</a> (2022). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy,_Jr._(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%2803%29.jpg/240px-President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%2803%29.jpg/360px-President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%2803%29.jpg/480px-President_John_F._Kennedy_with_Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="941" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy with his uncle <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in the Oval Office, 1961</figcaption></figure> Kennedy was born at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown University Hospital">Georgetown University Hospital</a> in Washington, D.C., on January 17, 1954. He is the third of eleven children of senator and U.S. attorney general <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Skakel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethel Skakel">Ethel Skakel</a>. He is a nephew of President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer20155–6-13">[13]</a> Kennedy was raised at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hyannis_Port,_Massachusetts" title="Hyannis Port, Massachusetts">Hyannis Port, Massachusetts</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a>, the family estate in <a href="/wiki/McLean,_Virginia" title="McLean, Virginia">McLean, Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In June 1972, Kennedy graduated from the Palfrey Street School, a <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> day school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer2015144-17">[17]</a> While attending Palfrey, he lived with a surrogate family at a farmhouse in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Kennedy continued his education at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, graduating in 1976 with a Bachelor of Arts in American history and literature. He earned a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_School_of_Law" title="University of Virginia School of Law">University of Virginia School of Law</a> in 1982<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Master of Laws</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pace_University_School_of_Law" title="Pace University School of Law">Pace University</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> He was nine years old when his uncle, President John F. Kennedy, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">was assassinated</a> in 1963, and 14 when his father <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">was assassinated</a> while running for president in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer201527-21">[21]</a> Kennedy learned of his father's shooting while at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Preparatory_School" title="Georgetown Preparatory School">Georgetown Preparatory School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> A few hours later, he flew to Los Angeles on Vice President <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>'s plane, along with his older siblings, <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_Townsend" title="Kathleen Kennedy Townsend">Kathleen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Joseph</a>. He was with his father when he died. Kennedy was a pallbearer at his father's funeral, where he spoke and read excerpts from his father's speeches at the mass commemorating his death at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> After his father's death, Kennedy struggled with <a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug abuse">drug abuse</a>, which led to his arrest in <a href="/wiki/Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable, Massachusetts</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> possession at age 16,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and his expulsion from two boarding schools: <a href="/wiki/Millbrook_School" title="Millbrook School">Millbrook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pomfret_School" title="Pomfret School">Pomfret</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> During this time, some in the Kennedy family regarded him as the "ringleader" of a pack of spoiled, rich kids who called themselves the "Hyannis Port Terrors", engaging in vandalism, theft, and drug use.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer201566-30">[30]</a> At Harvard, Kennedy continued his experimentation with <a href="/wiki/Heroin" title="Heroin">heroin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, often with his brother <a href="/wiki/David_A._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. Kennedy">David</a>, earning a reputation that has been described as a "pied piper" and "drug dealer".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hagan_20240702-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manhattan_DA's_office">Manhattan DA's office</h3></div> In 1982, Kennedy was sworn in as an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_district_attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant district attorney">assistant district attorney</a> for <a href="/wiki/New_York_County_District_Attorney" title="New York County District Attorney">Manhattan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a> After failing the New York <a href="/wiki/Bar_examination_in_the_United_States" title="Bar examination in the United States">bar exam</a>, he resigned in July 1983.<a href="#cite_note-UPI1989-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conviction_for_heroin_possession">Conviction for heroin possession</h3></div> On September 16, 1983, Kennedy was charged with heroin possession in <a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City, South Dakota</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UPI1989-33">[33]</a> In February 1984 he pleaded guilty to a single <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a> charge of possession of heroin, and was sentenced to two years of <a href="/wiki/Probation" title="Probation">probation</a> and community service.<a href="#cite_note-heroin-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-living-dangerously-35">[35]</a> After his arrest, he entered a <a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">drug treatment center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UPI1989-33">[33]</a> To satisfy conditions of his probation, Kennedy worked as a volunteer for the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a> (NRDC) and was required to attend regular drug rehabilitation sessions.<a href="#cite_note-QuietVictory-36">[36]</a> Kennedy asserted that this ended his 14 years of heroin use, which he said had begun when he was 15.<a href="#cite_note-Hagan_20240702-32">[32]</a> His probation ended a year early.<a href="#cite_note-QuietVictory-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riverkeeper">Riverkeeper</h3></div> In 1984, Kennedy began volunteering at The Hudson River Fisherman's Association, renamed <a href="/wiki/Riverkeeper" title="Riverkeeper">Riverkeeper</a> in 1986 after a patrol boat it had built with settlement money from legal victories preceding Kennedy's arrival.<a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> After he was admitted to the New York bar in 1985, Riverkeeper hired him as senior attorney.<a href="#cite_note-QuietVictory-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-39">[39]</a> Kennedy litigated and supervised <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental enforcement</a> lawsuits on the east coast estuaries on behalf of Hudson Riverkeeper and the <a href="/wiki/Soundkeeper" title="Soundkeeper">Long Island Soundkeeper</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> where he was also a board member. Long Island Soundkeeper sued several municipalities and cities along the Connecticut and New York coastlines.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> On the Hudson, Kennedy sued municipalities and industries, including <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, to stop discharging pollution and clean up legacy contamination.<a href="#cite_note-:2-42">[42]</a> His work at Riverkeeper set long-term environmental legal standards.<a href="#cite_note-:2-42">[42]</a> In 1995, Kennedy advocated for repeal of legislation that he considered unfriendly to the environment.<a href="#cite_note-auto-43">[43]</a> In 1997, he worked with John Cronin to write <a href="/wiki/The_Riverkeepers" title="The Riverkeepers">The Riverkeepers</a>, a history of the early Riverkeepers and a primer for the Waterkeeper movement.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-39">[39]</a> In 2000, a majority of Riverkeeper's board sided with Kennedy when he insisted on rehiring William Wegner, a wildlife lecturer and falcon trainer<a href="#cite_note-smuggler-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a> whom the organization's founder and president, <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Boyle" title="Robert H. Boyle">Robert H. Boyle</a>, had fired six months earlier after learning that Wegner had been convicted in 1995 for tax fraud, perjury, and conspiracy to violate wildlife protection laws.<a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-rare_egg-45">[45]</a> Wegner had recruited and led a team of at least 10 who smuggled cockatoo eggs, including species considered endangered by Australia, from Australia to the U.S. over a period of eight years.<a href="#cite_note-smuggler-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a> He served 3.5 years of a five-year sentence and was hired by Kennedy a few months after his release.<a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a> After the board's decision, Boyle, eight of the 22 members of the board, and Riverkeeper's treasurer resigned, saying it was not right for an environmental organization to hire someone convicted of environmental crimes and that it would hurt the organization's fundraising.<a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-rare_egg-45">[45]</a> While working with <a href="/wiki/Riverkeeper" title="Riverkeeper">Riverkeeper</a>, Kennedy spearheaded a 34-year battle to close the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Point_Energy_Center" title="Indian Point Energy Center">Indian Point</a> nuclear-power plant.<a href="#cite_note-:7-46">[46]</a> Kennedy was featured in a 2004 documentary about the plant, Indian Point: Imagining the Unimaginable, directed by his sister, the documentary filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Rory_Kennedy" title="Rory Kennedy">Rory Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In 2017, Kennedy argued that the electricity Indian Point provided could be fully replaced by renewable energy.<a href="#cite_note-:7-46">[46]</a> In 2022, after the plant's closure, carbon emissions from electricity generation in New York state increased by 37%, compared to 2019, before the start of the closure.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Kennedy resigned from Riverkeeper in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-cockatoo-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pace_Environmental_Litigation_Clinic">Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic</h3></div> In 1987, Kennedy founded the Environmental Litigation Clinic at Pace University School of Law, where for three decades he was the clinic's supervising attorney and co-director and Clinical Professor of Law.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Kennedy obtained a special order from the New York State Court of Appeals that permitted his 10 clinic students to practice law and try cases against Hudson River polluters in state and federal court, under the supervision of Kennedy and his co-director, Professor Karl Coplan. The clinic's full-time clients are Riverkeeper and Long Island Soundkeeper.<a href="#cite_note-oregon-52">[52]</a> The clinic has sued governments and companies for polluting Long Island Sound and the Hudson River and its tributaries.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> It argued cases to expand citizen access to the shoreline and won hundreds of settlements for the Hudson Riverkeeper.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Kennedy and his students also sued dozens of municipal wastewater treatment plants to force compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Clean Water Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oregon-52">[52]</a> In 2010, a Pace lawsuit forced <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> to clean up tens of millions of gallons of oil from legacy refinery spills in Newtown Creek in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On April 11, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Journal" title="Men's Journal">Men's Journal</a> gave Kennedy its "Heroes" Award for creating the Pace Environmental Litigation Clinic.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Kennedy and the clinic received other awards for successful legal work cleaning up the environment.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The Pace Clinic became a model for similar environmental law clinics throughout the country.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterkeeper_Alliance">Waterkeeper Alliance</h3></div> In June 1999, as Riverkeeper's success on the Hudson began inspiring the creation of Waterkeepers across North America, Kennedy and a few dozen Riverkeepers gathered in Southampton, Long Island, to found the <a href="/wiki/Waterkeeper_Alliance" title="Waterkeeper Alliance">Waterkeeper Alliance</a>, which is now the umbrella group for the 344 licensed Waterkeeper programs<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> in 44 countries.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> As president, Kennedy oversaw its legal, membership, policy and fundraising programs. The Alliance is dedicated to promoting "swimmable, fishable, drinkable waterways, worldwide".<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Under Kennedy's leadership, Waterkeeper launched its "<a href="/wiki/Clean_Coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean Coal">Clean Coal</a> is a Deadly Lie"<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> campaign in 2001, bringing dozens of lawsuits targeting mining practices, including <a href="/wiki/Mountaintop_removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountaintop removal">mountaintop removal</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slurry" title="Slurry">slurry</a> pond construction, as well as coal-burning utilities' mercury emissions and <a href="/wiki/Coal_ash" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal ash">coal ash</a> piles.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Kennedy's Waterkeeper alliance has also been fighting coal export, including from terminals in the Pacific Northwest.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Waterkeeper waged a legal and public relations battle against pollution from <a href="/wiki/Factory_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Factory farm">factory farms</a>. In the 1990s, Kennedy rallied opposition to factory farms among small independent farmers, convened a series of "National Summits" on factory meat products, and conducted press conference whistle-stop tours across North Carolina, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, and in Washington, D.C. Beginning in 2000, Kennedy sued factory farms in North Carolina, Oklahoma, Maryland, and Iowa.<a href="#cite_note-porkchop-69">[69]</a> In a 2003 article, he argued factory farms produce lower-quality, less healthy food, and harm independent family farmers by poisoning their air and water, reducing their property values, and using extensive state and federal subsidies to impose unfair competition against them.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Kennedy and his environmental work have been the focus of several films, including The Waterkeepers (2000),<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Les_Guthman" title="Les Guthman">Les Guthman</a>. In 2008, he appeared in the <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> documentary film <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Adventure:_River_at_Risk" title="Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk">Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk</a>, riding the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a> in a wooden dory with his daughter Kick and anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Wade_Davis_(anthropologist)" title="Wade Davis (anthropologist)">Wade Davis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Kennedy resigned the Waterkeeper Alliance presidency in November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_City_Watershed_Agreement">New York City Watershed Agreement</h3></div> Beginning in 1991, Kennedy represented environmentalists and New York City watershed consumers in a series of lawsuits against New York City and upstate watershed polluters. Kennedy authored a series of articles and reports<a href="#cite_note-watershed-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> alleging that New York State was abdicating its responsibility to protect the water repository and supply. In 1996, he helped orchestrate the $1.2 billion New York City Watershed Agreement, which <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine recognized in its cover story, "The Kennedy Who Matters".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> This agreement, which Kennedy negotiated on behalf of environmentalists and New York City watershed consumers, is regarded as an international model in stakeholder consensus negotiations and sustainable development.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kennedy_&_Madonna_LLP">Kennedy & Madonna LLP</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg/220px-R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg/330px-R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg/440px-R.F.K._jr_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="2213" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy in 2000</figcaption></figure> In 2000, Kennedy and the environmental lawyer Kevin Madonna founded the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental law</a> firm Kennedy & Madonna, LLP, to represent private plaintiffs against polluters.<a href="#cite_note-KandMTeam-80">[80]</a> The firm litigates environmental contamination cases on behalf of individuals, non-profit organizations, school districts, public water suppliers, Indian tribes, municipalities and states. In 2001, Kennedy & Madonna organized a team of prestigious plaintiff law firms to challenge pollution from industrial pork and poultry production.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In 2004, the firm was part of a legal team that secured a $70 million settlement for property owners in Pensacola, Florida whose properties were contaminated by chemicals from an adjacent <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> site.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Kennedy & Madonna was profiled in the 2010 HBO documentary Mann v. Ford,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> which chronicles four years of litigation by the firm on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Ramapough_Mountain_Indians" title="Ramapough Mountain Indians">Ramapough Mountain Indians</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> for dumping toxic waste on tribal lands in northern New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In addition to a monetary settlement for the tribe, the lawsuit contributed to the community's land being relisted on the federal Superfund list, the first time that a delisted site was relisted.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In 2007, Kennedy was one of three finalists nominated by Public Justice as "Trial Lawyer of the Year" for his role in the $396 million jury verdict against <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> for contamination from its <a href="/wiki/Spelter,_West_Virginia" title="Spelter, West Virginia">Spelter, West Virginia</a> zinc plant.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In 2017, the firm was part of the trial team that secured a $670 million settlement on behalf of over 3,000 residents from Ohio and West Virginia whose drinking water was contaminated by the toxic chemical <a href="/wiki/Perfluorooctanoic_acid" title="Perfluorooctanoic acid">perfluorooctanoic acid</a>, which DuPont released into the environment in <a href="/wiki/Parkersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkersburg">Parkersburg</a>, West Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morgan_&_Morgan">Morgan & Morgan</h3></div> In 2016, Kennedy became counsel to the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_%26_Morgan" title="Morgan & Morgan">Morgan & Morgan</a> law firm.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The partnership arose from the two firms' successful collaboration on the case against SoCalGas Company following the <a href="/wiki/Aliso_Canyon_gas_leak" title="Aliso Canyon gas leak">Aliso Canyon gas leak</a> in California.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In 2017, Kennedy and his partners sued <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> in federal court in San Francisco, on behalf of plaintiffs seeking to recover damages for <a href="/wiki/Non-Hodgkin%27s_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma">non-Hodgkin's lymphoma</a> cases that, the plaintiffs allege, were a result of exposure to Monsanto's <a href="/wiki/Glyphosate" title="Glyphosate">glyphosate</a>-based herbicide, <a href="/wiki/Roundup_(herbicide)" title="Roundup (herbicide)">Roundup</a>. Kennedy and his team also filed a class action lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Monsanto" title="Monsanto">Monsanto</a> for failing to warn consumers about the dangers allegedly posed by exposure to Roundup.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In September 2018, Kennedy and his partners filed a class-action lawsuit against <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Gas_of_Massachusetts" title="Columbia Gas of Massachusetts">Columbia Gas of Massachusetts</a> alleging negligence following <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley_gas_explosions" title="Merrimack Valley gas explosions">gas explosions</a> in three towns north of Boston. Of Columbia Gas, Kennedy said "as they build new miles of pipe, the same company is ignoring its existing infrastructure, which we now know is eroding and is dilapidated".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_ventures">Other ventures</h3></div> In 1999, Kennedy, Chris Bartle and John Hoving created a bottled water company, Keeper Springs, which donated all of its profits to Waterkeeper Alliance.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Kennedy was a venture partner and senior advisor at VantagePoint Capital Partners, one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Clean_technology" title="Clean technology">cleantech</a> <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> firms. Among other activities, VantagePoint was the original and largest pre-<a href="/wiki/IPO" class="mw-redirect" title="IPO">IPO</a> institutional investor in <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla, Inc.</a> VantagePoint also backed BrightSource Energy and Solazyme, amongst others. Kennedy is a board member and counselor to several of Vantage Point's portfolio companies in the water and energy space, including Ostara, a Vancouver-based company that markets the technology to remove <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> and other excessive nutrients from <a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">wastewater</a>, transforming otherwise pollution directly into high-grade fertilizer.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> He is also a senior advisor to Starwood Energy Group and has played a key role in a number of the firm's investments.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> He is on the board of Vionx, a <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>-based utility-scale <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_flow_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium flow battery">vanadium flow battery</a> systems manufacturer. On October 5, 2017, Vionx, <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a> completed the installation of advanced flow batteries at <a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_Central_Catholic_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Name Central Catholic High School">Holy Name High School</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>. The collaboration also includes <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Technologies" title="United Technologies">United Technologies</a> Research Center and constitutes one of the largest energy storage facilities in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Kennedy helped found and served on the board of the New York <a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Kennedy is a partner in ColorZen, which offers a turnkey-cotton-fiber pre-treatment solution that reduces water usage and toxic discharges in the cotton-dyeing process.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Kennedy was a co-owner and director of the <a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">smart-grid</a> company Utility Integration Solutions (UISol),<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> which was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a>. He is presently a co-owner and director of GridBright, the market-leading grid management specialist.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In October 2011, Kennedy co-founded EcoWatch, an environmental news site. He resigned from its board of directors in January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minority_and_poor_communities">Minority and poor communities</h3></div> In his first case as an environmental attorney, Kennedy represented the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> in a lawsuit against a proposal to build a garbage transfer station in a minority neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Ossining,_New_York_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossining, New York (village)">Ossining, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In 1987, he successfully sued <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Westchester County">Westchester County</a> to reopen the <a href="/wiki/Croton_Point_Park" title="Croton Point Park">Croton Point Park</a>, which was heavily used primarily by poor and minority communities from <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> He then forced the reopening of the <a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Park" title="Pelham Bay Park">Pelham Bay Park</a>, which New York City had closed to the public and converted to a police firing range.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_and_indigenous_rights">International and indigenous rights</h3></div> Starting in 1985, Kennedy helped develop the Natural Resources Defense Council's international program for environmental, energy, and human rights, traveling to Canada and Latin America to assist indigenous tribes in protecting their homelands and opposing large-scale energy and extractive projects in remote wilderness areas.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In 1990, Kennedy assisted indigenous <a href="/wiki/Pehuenche" title="Pehuenche">Pehuenches</a> in Chile in a partially successful campaign to stop the construction of a series of dams on Chile's iconic <a href="/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_River" title="Biobío River">Biobío River</a>. That campaign derailed all but one of the proposed dams.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Beginning in 1992, he assisted the <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> Indians of northern Quebec in their campaign against <a href="/wiki/Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Hydro-Québec">Hydro-Québec</a> to halt construction of some 600 proposed dams on eleven rivers in <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In 1993, Kennedy and NRDC, working with the indigenous rights organization <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Survival" title="Cultural Survival">Cultural Survival</a>, clashed with other American environmental groups in a dispute about the rights of Indians to govern their own lands in the <a href="/wiki/Oriente_(Ecuador)" title="Oriente (Ecuador)">Oriente</a> region of Ecuador.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-109">[109]</a> Kennedy represented the <a href="/wiki/CONFENIAE" class="mw-redirect" title="CONFENIAE">CONFENIAE</a>, a confederation of Indian peoples, in negotiation with the American oil company <a href="/wiki/Conoco" title="Conoco">Conoco</a> to limit oil development in Ecuadorian Amazon and, at the same time, obtain benefits from resource extraction for Amazonian tribes.<a href="#cite_note-auto6-109">[109]</a> Kennedy was a vocal critic of <a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a> for its previous record for polluting the Ecuadoran Amazon.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> From 1993 to 1999, Kennedy worked with five <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> Indian tribes in their campaign to end industrial logging by <a href="/wiki/MacMillan_Bloedel" title="MacMillan Bloedel">MacMillan Bloedel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clayoquot_Sound" title="Clayoquot Sound">Clayoquot Sound</a>, British Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In 1996, Kennedy met with Cuban President <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> to persuade the leader to halt his plans to construct a nuclear power plant at <a href="/wiki/Juragu%C3%A1" title="Juraguá">Juraguá</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> During a lengthy latenight encounter, Castro reminisced about Kennedy's father and uncle, speculating that U.S. relations with Cuba would have been far better had President Kennedy not been assassinated.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Between 1996 and 2000, Kennedy and NRDC helped Mexican commercial fishermen to halt <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>'s proposal to build a salt facility in the <a href="/wiki/Laguna_San_Ignacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna San Ignacio">Laguna San Ignacio</a>, a known area in Baja where <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whales</a> bred, and nursed their calves.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Kennedy wrote in opposition to the project, and took the campaign to Japan, meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japanese prime minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keizo_Obuchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Keizo Obuchi">Keizo Obuchi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In 2000, he assisted local environmental activists to stop proposals by Chaffin Light, a real estate developer, and U.S. engineering giant <a href="/wiki/Bechtel" title="Bechtel">Bechtel</a> from building a large hotel and resort development that, Kennedy argued, threatened <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a> and public beaches used by local Bahamians, at Clifton Bay, <a href="/wiki/New_Providence" title="New Providence">New Providence</a> Island.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Kennedy was one of the early editors of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Country_Today" title="Indian Country Today">Indian Country Today</a>, North America's largest <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> newspaper.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> He helped lead the opposition to the damming of the <a href="/wiki/Futaleuf%C3%BA_River" title="Futaleufú River">Futaleufú River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Zona_Sur" title="Zona Sur">Southern Zone</a> of Chile.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 2016, due to the pressure precipitated by the Futaleufú Riverkeepers campaign against the dams, the Spanish power company <a href="/wiki/Endesa" title="Endesa">Endesa</a>, which owned the right to dam the river, reversed its decision and relinquished all claims to the Futaleufú.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> He also visited the <a href="/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_River" title="Biobío River">Biobío River</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_Vieques">Military and Vieques</h3></div> Kennedy has been a critic of environmental damage by the U.S. military.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In a 2001 article, Kennedy described how he sued the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> on behalf of fishermen and residents of <a href="/wiki/Vieques" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieques">Vieques</a>, an island of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, to stop weapons testing, bombing, and other military exercises. Kennedy argued that the activities were unnecessary, and that the Navy had illegally destroyed several endangered species, polluted the island's waters, harmed the residents' health, and damaged its economy.<a href="#cite_note-vieques-122">[122]</a> He was arrested for trespassing at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Garcia_Vieques" title="Camp Garcia Vieques">Camp Garcia Vieques</a>, the U.S. Navy training facility, where he and others were protesting the use of a section of the island for training. Kennedy served 30 days in a maximum security prison in Puerto Rico.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The trespassing incident forced the suspension of <a href="/wiki/Live-fire_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-fire exercise">live-fire exercises</a> for almost three hours.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The lawsuits and protests by Kennedy, and hundreds of Puerto Ricans who were also imprisoned, eventually forced the termination of naval bombing in Vieques by <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">the Bush administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In a 2003 article for the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>, Kennedy called the U.S. federal government "America's biggest polluter" and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> the worst offender. Citing the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA), he wrote, "unexploded ordnance waste can be found on 16,000 military ranges...and more than half may contain biological or chemical weapons."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity</h3></div> In 1991, Kennedy helped lead a campaign to block <a href="/wiki/Hydro-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Hydro-Québec">Hydro-Québec</a> from building the James Bay Hydro-project, a massive dam project in northern Quebec.<a href="#cite_note-auto10-127">[127]</a> His campaigns helped block dams on Chile's <a href="/wiki/Biob%C3%ADo_River" title="Biobío River">Biobío River</a> in 1990<a href="#cite_note-auto8-128">[128]</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Futaleuf%C3%BA_River" title="Futaleufú River">Futaleufú River</a> in 2016. In 2002, he mounted what was ultimately an unsuccessful battle against building a dam on <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Macal_River" title="Macal River">Macal River</a>. Kennedy termed the <a href="/wiki/Chalillo_Dam" title="Chalillo Dam">Chalillo Dam</a> a <a href="/wiki/Boondoggle" title="Boondoggle">boondoggle</a> and brought a high-profile legal challenge against <a href="/wiki/Fortis_Inc." title="Fortis Inc.">Fortis Inc.</a>, a Canadian power company and the monopoly owner of Belize's electric utility.<a href="#cite_note-auto7-129">[129]</a> In a 3–2 ruling in 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a> upheld the Belizean government's decision to permit dam construction.<a href="#cite_note-auto7-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto9-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-131">[131]</a> In 2004, Kennedy met with provincial officials and brought foreign media and political visitors to Canada to protest the building of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> dams on Quebec's <a href="/wiki/Magpie_River_(Quebec)" title="Magpie River (Quebec)">Magpie River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-132">[132]</a> Hydro-Québec dropped plans for the dam in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In November 2017, the Spanish hydroelectric syndicate <a href="/wiki/Endesa" title="Endesa">Endesa</a> decided to abandon <a href="/wiki/HydroAysen" class="mw-redirect" title="HydroAysen">HydroAysen</a>, a massive project to construct dams on dozens of <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>'s rivers accompanied by thousands of miles of roads, power lines and other infrastructure. Endesa returned its <a href="/wiki/Water_right" title="Water right">water rights</a> to the Chilean government. The Chilean press credits advocacy by Kennedy and Riverkeeper as critical factors in the company's decision.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cape_Wind">Cape Wind</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Wind" title="Cape Wind">Cape Wind</a></div> In 2005, Kennedy clashed with national environmental groups over his opposition to the Cape Wind Project, a proposed <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore wind farm">offshore wind farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Cod, Massachusetts">Cape Cod, Massachusetts</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_Sound" title="Nantucket Sound">Nantucket Sound</a>). Taking the side of Cape Cod's commercial fishing industry, Kennedy argued that the project was a costly boondoggle. This position angered some environmentalists, and brought Kennedy criticism by commentators such as <a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Rush Limbaugh</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">John Stossel</a>, the latter of whom called him a hypocrite.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] Kennedy argued in an opinion piece in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, "Vermont wants to take <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant">its nuclear plant</a> off line and replace it with clean, green power from Hydro-Québec—power available to Massachusetts utilities—at a cost of six cents per kilowatt hour (kwh). Cape Wind electricity, by a conservative estimate and based on figures they filed with the state, comes in at 25 cents per kwh."<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign#Political_positions" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign § Political positions</a></div> Kennedy's political rhetoric often uses <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_inequality">Economic inequality</h3></div> Kennedy has argued that poor communities shoulder a disproportionate burden of environmental pollution.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Speaking at the 2016 <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> environment conference, he said, "Polluters always choose the soft target of poverty", noting that Chicago's <a href="/wiki/South_Side,_Chicago" title="South Side, Chicago">South Side</a> has the highest concentration of toxic waste dumps in America,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> and added that 80% of "uncontrolled toxic waste dumps" are in black neighborhoods, with the largest site in the U.S. in <a href="/wiki/Emelle,_Alabama" title="Emelle, Alabama">Emelle, Alabama</a>, which is 90% black.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Kennedy has said that "systematic" <a href="/wiki/Middle-class_squeeze" title="Middle-class squeeze">erosion of the middle class</a> is taking place, remarking in a 2023 interview with <a href="/wiki/UnHerd" title="UnHerd">UnHerd</a> that American politicians have "been systematically hollowing out the American middle class and printing money to make billionaires richer". He said that the <a href="/wiki/Financial_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial industry">financial industry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">military–industrial complex</a> are funded at the expense of the American <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a>; that the U.S. government is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Corporate_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate power">corporate power</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> is run by the "<a href="/wiki/Oil_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil industry">oil industry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">coal industry</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide industry</a>"; and that the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> is dominated by "<a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma</a>".<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> Kennedy sees a "vibrant middle class" as the economy's backbone and has said that the economy has deteriorated because the middle class has become poorer.<a href="#cite_note-hill1-144">[144]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Serwer" title="Andrew Serwer">Andrew Serwer</a>, Kennedy said that the gap between rich and poor in the U.S. had become too great and that "the very wealthy people should pay more taxes and corporations". He also expressed support for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>'s wealth tax plan, which would impose an annual tax of 2% on every dollar of a household's net worth over $50 million and 6% on every dollar of net worth over $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-yahoo1-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_affairs_and_military_intervention">Foreign affairs and military intervention</h3></div> Kennedy is critical of the United States' alliances with <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorships</a> like <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. He criticized the <a href="/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war" title="Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war">Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war</a>, calling it a "genocide against the Iranian-backed Houthi tribe".<a href="#cite_note-politic1-146">[146]</a> Kennedy is a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. In December 2023, he had a heated exchange with <a href="/wiki/Breaking_Points" title="Breaking Points">Breaking Points</a> host <a href="/wiki/Krystal_Ball" title="Krystal Ball">Krystal Ball</a>, in what Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shmuley_Boteach" title="Shmuley Boteach">Shmuley Boteach</a> called "the single greatest defense of Israel on videos since the start of the" <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> An opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Military_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Military industry">military industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_interventions_by_the_United_States" title="Foreign interventions by the United States">foreign interventions</a>, Kennedy was critical of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> as well as American support for Ukraine against <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russia's invasion of the country</a>. He condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> but called the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> "a U.S. war against Russia" and said the war's goal was to "sacrifice the flower of Ukrainian youth in an abattoir of death and destruction for the geopolitical ambition of the neocons".<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> He called for a peace agreement in Ukraine based on the <a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk Accords</a>; in his view, the <a href="/wiki/Donbas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Donbas region">Donbas region</a> should remain in Ukraine but also be given territorial autonomy and placed under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> forces, while <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Ballistic_Missile_Defense_System" title="Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System">Aegis missile systems</a> should be removed from Eastern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-moddip1-149">[149]</a> Kennedy said Ukraine should be <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations#Russian_opposition_to_Ukrainian_NATO_membership" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">forbidden from joining NATO</a>, and announced that as president he would consider admitting Russia to NATO and deescalating tensions with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-moddip1-149">[149]</a> He said the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Ukrainian revolution</a> was an <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">attempted coup</a> sponsored by the U.S. against the Ukrainian government, and that the Ukrainian government <a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Allegations_of_"genocide"_in_Donbas" title="Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">committed atrocities</a> against the Russian population in Donbas, wrongly claiming that all casualties of the <a href="/wiki/Donbas_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Donbas War">Donbas War</a> between 2014 and 2022 (about 14,000) were Russians.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> He said that Russians living there "were being systematically killed by the Ukrainian government".<a href="#cite_note-unherd1_quote4-151">[151]</a> Kennedy attacked the operations of former <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> director <a href="/wiki/Allen_Dulles" title="Allen Dulles">Allen Dulles</a>, condemning U.S.-backed coups and interventions such as the <a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a> as "bloodthirsty", and blamed U.S. interventions in countries such as Syria and Iran for the rise of terrorist organizations such as ISIS and creating <a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-American sentiment">anti-American sentiment</a> in the region.<a href="#cite_note-politic1-146">[146]</a> Kennedy said the CIA has no accountability and declared his intention to restructure the agency.<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> Kennedy's disapproval of U.S. intervention in foreign governments was expressed in a 1974 <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Monthly">Atlantic Monthly</a> article titled "Poor Chile", discussing <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">the overthrow of Chilean President Salvador Allende</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> He also wrote editorials against the execution of Pakistan President <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> by General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In 1975, he published an article in The Wall Street Journal criticizing assassination as a foreign policy tool.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In 2005, he wrote an article for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> decrying President Bush's use of torture as anti-American.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> His uncle Senator Ted Kennedy entered the article into the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In an article titled "Why the Arabs Don't Want Us in Syria" published in <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> in February 2016, Kennedy referred to the "bloody history that modern <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(politics)" title="Interventionism (politics)">interventionists</a> like <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> miss when they recite their narcissistic trope that Mideast nationalists 'hate us for our freedoms.' For the most part they don't; instead they hate us for the way we betrayed those freedoms—our own ideals—within their borders."<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Kennedy blames the Syrian war on a pipeline dispute. He cites apparent <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> disclosures alleging that the CIA led military and intelligence planners to foment a <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> uprising against <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>'s president, <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>, following his rejection of a proposed <a href="/wiki/Qatar-Turkey_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar-Turkey pipeline">Qatar-Turkey pipeline</a> through Syria in 2009, well before the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In a June 2023 interview, Kennedy said that in broad terms, he believes that <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">U.S. foreign relations</a> should involve significantly reducing the military presence in other nations. He specifically said the country must "start unraveling the Empire" by closing <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">U.S. bases in different locations worldwide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Unravel-160">[160]</a> Kennedy believes that the administration of President Joe Biden, in large part, caused the 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia due to reckless and militant action; he has specifically cited the issue of <a href="/wiki/NATO_expansion_into_Eastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO expansion into Eastern Europe">NATO expansion into Eastern Europe</a>. At the same time, he has clarified that he refuses to connect this criticism with anything considered support of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">government of Russia</a> under Putin, particularly given Kennedy's <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethical opposition</a> to <a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">the regime's beliefs and politics</a>. He has called Putin a "monster", a "thug", and a "gangster".<a href="#cite_note-Unravel-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_policy">Environmental policy</h3></div> In 2023, Kennedy said he was "arguably the leading environmentalist in the country".<a href="#cite_note-unherd1_quote1-161">[161]</a> He promotes populist and <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-establishment</a> environmental policies, claiming that "<a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> and the billionaire boys' club in Davos" have hijacked the <a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">climate crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> In a 2015 interview, Kennedy said of politicians skeptical of global warming that he "wished there were a law you could punish them under".<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> He has said that environmentalists' priority should be to tackle the "carbon industry". He has called the current society and economy unsustainable and largely based on a "longtime deadly addiction to coal and oil" and contended that the economic system rewards pollution. In 2020, Kennedy said: "Right now, we have a market that is governed by rules that were written by the carbon incumbents to reward the dirtiest, filthiest, most poisonous, most toxic, most war-mongering fields from hell, rather than the cheap, clean, green, wholesome and patriotic fields from heaven."<a href="#cite_note-yahoo2-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-irishcentral1-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-desmog1-166">[166]</a> Kennedy has advocated for a global transition from <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a> to <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> but has opposed hydropower from dams.<a href="#cite_note-auto10-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto8-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto7-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto9-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-132">[132]</a> He has argued that switching to solar and wind energy reduces costs and greenhouse gases while improving air and water quality, citizens' health, and the number and quality of jobs.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Kennedy's fight to stop <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a> mountaintop removal mining was the subject of the film <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Mountain" title="The Last Mountain">The Last Mountain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In one of his first environmental cases, Kennedy sued <a href="/wiki/Mobil_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobil Oil">Mobil Oil</a> for polluting the Hudson.<a href="#cite_note-auto4-39">[39]</a> He had been an early supporter of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> as a viable bridge fuel to renewables and a cleaner alternative to coal,<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> but said he turned against this controversial extraction method after investigating its cost to public health, climate, and road infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> As a member of Governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a> commission, Kennedy helped engineer a 2013 ban on fracking in New York State.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In 2013, Kennedy assisted the <a href="/wiki/Chipewyan" title="Chipewyan">Chipewyan</a> First Nation and the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Lake_Cree_Nation" title="Beaver Lake Cree Nation">Beaver Lake Cree</a> in fighting to protect their land from <a href="/wiki/Tar_sands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tar sands">tar sands</a> production.<a href="#cite_note-macleans-175">[175]</a> In February 2013, while protesting the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL Pipeline">Keystone XL Pipeline</a> Kennedy, along with his son, Conor, he was arrested for blocking a thoroughfare in front of the White House during a protest.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> In 2015, Kennedy mounted a national effort against the construction of liquefied natural gas facilities.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In August 2016, Kennedy and Waterkeepers participated in protests to block the extension of the <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakota Access pipeline">Dakota Access pipeline</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> Indian <a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Rock Reservation">Standing Rock Reservation</a>'s water supply.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Kennedy has maintained that the oil industry remains competitive against renewables and electric cars only due to massive direct and indirect subsidies and political interventions on behalf of the oil industry. In a June 2017 interview on EnviroNews, he said of the oil industry, "That's what their strategy is: build as many miles of pipeline as possible. And what the industry is trying to do is to increase that level of infrastructure investment so our country won't be able to walk away from it".<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Kennedy stated his support for <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Recognizing_the_duty_of_the_Federal_Government_to_create_a_Green_New_Deal" title="Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a> resolution, saying in a 2020 interview, "I think the Green New Deal and all that stuff is important. We ought to be pursuing it. My approach is more <a href="/wiki/Market-based" class="mw-redirect" title="Market-based">market-based</a> than kind of top-down dictates. You know, I believe that we should use market mechanisms like <a href="/wiki/Carbon_taxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon taxes">carbon taxes</a> and the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Subsidies" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsidies">subsidies</a>."<a href="#cite_note-yahoo2-164">[164]</a> Kennedy has spoken against <a href="/wiki/Geoengineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoengineering">geoengineering</a>, saying in a YouTube interview that geoengineering solutions are an attempt by big business to profit from climate change.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Kennedy has expressed support for <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative farming">regenerative farming</a>, and in May 2023, he voiced support for <a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">agrarian</a> movements, saying, "If we want to have democracy, we need a broad ownership of our land by a wide variety of yeoman farmers, each with a stake in our system."<a href="#cite_note-unherd1_quote2-180">[180]</a> In 1995, Premier <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a> of Alberta declared Kennedy <a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a> in the province due to his activism against Alberta's large-scale hog production facilities.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Foods" title="Smithfield Foods">Smithfield Foods</a> sued Kennedy in Poland under a Polish law that makes criticizing a corporation illegal after he denounced the company in a debate with Smithfield's Polish director before the Polish parliament.<a href="#cite_note-porkchop-69">[69]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Kennedy has opposed conventional <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, arguing that it is unsafe and not economically competitive.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In June 1981, he spoke at an anti-nuclear rally at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Bowl" title="Hollywood Bowl">Hollywood Bowl</a> with the musicians <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Stills" title="Stephen Stills">Stephen Stills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Browne" title="Jackson Browne">Jackson Browne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> He believes nuclear energy is a profit-making venture promoted by corporate lobbyists rather than environmental activists, saying in a 2023 interview, "It's not hippies in tie-dyed T-shirts who are saying it's dangerous; it's guys on Wall Street with suits and ties."<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RfkjrOCT2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RfkjrOCT2017.jpg/220px-RfkjrOCT2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RfkjrOCT2017.jpg/330px-RfkjrOCT2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/RfkjrOCT2017.jpg/440px-RfkjrOCT2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy in 2017</figcaption></figure> Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">presidency of George W. Bush</a>, Kennedy was critical of Bush's environmental and energy policies, saying Bush was defunding and corrupting federal science projects.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Kennedy was also critical of Bush's 2003 <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen car">hydrogen car</a> initiative,<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> arguing that, because of plans to extract the hydrogen from fossil fuels, it was a gift to the fossil fuel industry disguised as a green automobile.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In 2003, Kennedy wrote an article in <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> about Bush's environmental record,<a href="#cite_note-must-be-done-188">[188]</a> which he subsequently expanded into a New York Times bestselling book.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> His opposition to the Bush administration's environmental policies earned him recognition as one of Rolling Stone's "100 Agents of Change" on April 2, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-mercurynews.com-191">[191]</a> During an October 2012 interview with <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, Kennedy called on environmentalists to direct their dissatisfaction toward <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">Congress</a> rather than President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, reasoning that Obama "didn't deliver" due to having a partisan Congress "like we haven't seen before in American history".<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> He said politicians who do not act on climate change policy serve special interests and sell out public trust. He said <a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a>—the owners of <a href="/wiki/Koch_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a>, Inc., the nation's largest privately owned oil company—subverted democracy and made "themselves billionaires by impoverishing the rest of us".<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Kennedy has spoken of the Koch brothers as leading "the apocalyptical forces of Ignorance and Greed".<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2014_People%27s_Climate_March" title="2014 People's Climate March">2014 People's Climate March</a>, he said: "The Koch brothers have all the money. They're putting $300 million this year into their efforts to stop the climate bill. And the only thing we have in our power is people power, and that's why we need to put this demonstration on the street."<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> In a 2020 interview on <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Finance" title="Yahoo Finance">Yahoo Finance</a>'s "Influencers with <a href="/wiki/Andy_Serwer" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Serwer">Andy Serwer</a>", Kennedy called President Trump's <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">environmental policies</a> a "cataclysm" and said Trump is "simply the radical step of a process that's been happening in our country and in the Republican Party from the past—really, since 1980—which is a growing hostility towards the environment, a growing orientation to representing the concentrated corporate power and power, particularly of the oil industry and the chemical industry and some of the other large polluting industries."<a href="#cite_note-yahoo2-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Questioning_the_validity_of_elections">Questioning the validity of elections</h3></div> Kennedy has been critical of the integrity of the voting process. In June 2006, he published an article in Rolling Stone purporting to show that GOP operatives stole the 2004 presidential election for President George W. Bush.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Most Democrats and Republicans regarded it as a conspiracy theory. The journalist <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Manjoo" title="Farhad Manjoo">Farhad Manjoo</a> countered Kennedy's conclusions, writing: "If you do read Kennedy's article, be prepared to machete your way through numerous errors of interpretation and his deliberate omission of key bits of data."<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Kennedy has written about the ease of election hacking and the dangers of voter purges and <a href="/wiki/Voter_identification_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Voter identification laws in the United States">voter-identification laws</a>. He wrote the introduction and a chapter in Billionaires and Ballot Bandits, a 2012 book on election hacking by the investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Greg_Palast" title="Greg Palast">Greg Palast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_endorsements">Political endorsements</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F._Kennedy,_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_(53951825107).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_%2853951825107%29.jpg/220px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_%2853951825107%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_%2853951825107%29.jpg/330px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_%2853951825107%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_%2853951825107%29.jpg/440px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._%26_Donald_Trump_%2853951825107%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5633" data-file-height="3755" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy endorsing Trump at a rally in Arizona on August 23, 2024</figcaption></figure> Kennedy was on his uncle Ted Kennedy's <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1970 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1970</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1976 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1976</a> Massachusetts senatorial campaigns and was on the national staff and a state coordinator for the elder <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign">Kennedy's 1980 presidential campaign</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Kennedy endorsed and campaigned for Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> during his <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000 presidential campaign</a> and openly opposed <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign">presidential campaign</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, Kennedy endorsed <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, noting his strong environmental record.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> After Kerry lost the election to <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, Kennedy wrote an article for <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> falsely claiming that the results were fraudulent and that the election was stolen from Kerry, basing his argument on discrepancies between exit polling and reported results in swing states such as <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, as well as voter disenfranchisement.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In late 2007, Kennedy and his sisters <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kerry</a> and Kathleen endorsed <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Democratic Convention</a>, Kennedy campaigned for Obama across the country.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> After the election, the Obama administration was reportedly considering Kennedy for <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a>, but felt his controversial statements and arrest for heroin possession in the 1980s made him unlikely to win Senate confirmation.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-205">[205]</a> In 2016, Kennedy called supporters of then-presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> "belligerent idiots" and suggested that some were "outright Nazis". He has also characterized Trump as a "bully" and a "threat to democracy",<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> comparing him to <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In 2024, Kennedy endorsed Trump for president at a Trump campaign rally in Arizona.<a href="#cite_note-AP2024-08-23-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_aspirations">Political aspirations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RFK_DNC_etown_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RFK_DNC_etown_%281%29.jpg/220px-RFK_DNC_etown_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RFK_DNC_etown_%281%29.jpg/330px-RFK_DNC_etown_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/RFK_DNC_etown_%281%29.jpg/440px-RFK_DNC_etown_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy at a taping of <a href="/wiki/ETown" title="ETown">ETown</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Candidacy_aspirations">Candidacy aspirations</h3></div> Kennedy considered running for political office <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">in 2000</a>, when New York Senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a> did not seek reelection to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from New York">U.S. Senate seat</a> formerly held by Kennedy's father.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In 2005, Kennedy considered running for New York attorney general in the <a href="/wiki/2006_New_York_Attorney_General_election" title="2006 New York Attorney General election">2006 election</a>, which would have put him up against his then-brother-in-law Andrew Cuomo, but he ultimately chose not to, despite being considered the front-runner.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On December 2, 2008, Kennedy said he did not want New York Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Paterson" title="David Paterson">David Paterson</a> to nominate him to the U.S. Senate seat to be vacated by <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, Obama's nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>. Some outlets indicated that Kennedy was a possible candidate for the position. He said that Senate service would leave him too little time with his family.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_consideration_for_top_environmental_jobs">2000s consideration for top environmental jobs</h3></div> As a "well-respected climate lawyer" in the 2000s,<a href="#cite_note-:4-205">[205]</a> Kennedy was "often linked to top environmental jobs in Democratic administrations", including in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-212">[212]</a> He was considered as a potential <a href="/wiki/White_House_Council_on_Environmental_Quality" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Council on Environmental Quality">White House Council on Environmental Quality</a> chair for <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> in 2000 and considered for the role of <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">EPA administrator</a> under <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> in 2004 and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-:5-212">[212]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, the Obama transition team decided to not nominate Kennedy due to his past heroin conviction and opposition from Senate Republicans. Then <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">United States Chamber of Commerce</a> lobbyist <a href="/wiki/William_Kovacic" title="William Kovacic">William Kovacs</a> said that Kennedy's nomination "would speak volumes as to where Obama is going with his appointments... A Kennedy appointment is as liberal as you can possibly get... There is no one [candidate] based firmer in extremes."<a href="#cite_note-:4-205">[205]</a> Republican Senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Jim Inhofe</a> of Oklahoma also criticized the proposal, saying Kennedy was too radical and would further a left-wing agenda if appointed.<a href="#cite_note-:4-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_presidential_campaign">2024 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign</a></div> In a speech in New Hampshire on March 3, 2023, Kennedy said he was considering a <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">run for president in 2024</a>: "I am thinking about it. I've passed the biggest hurdle, which is that my wife has greenlighted it."<a href="#cite_note-foxmarch3-213">[213]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_F._Kennedy,_Jr._with_supporter_(53514556995).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._with_supporter_%2853514556995%29.jpg/220px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._with_supporter_%2853514556995%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._with_supporter_%2853514556995%29.jpg/330px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._with_supporter_%2853514556995%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._with_supporter_%2853514556995%29.jpg/440px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._with_supporter_%2853514556995%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Kennedy with a supporter during the 2024 presidential campaign</figcaption></figure> Kennedy filed his candidacy for the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic presidential nomination</a> on April 5, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> He formally declared his candidacy at a campaign launch event at the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Park_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Park Plaza">Park Plaza Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> on April 19.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> On October 9, he became an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election">in the election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> He is the fifth member of his family to seek the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-kennedy_family-220">[a]</a> In May 2024, Kennedy was considered for the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party's</a> nomination for president, but lost to <a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Chase Oliver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> In Colorado, the state Libertarian Party selected Kennedy, but Oliver will appear on the ballot as the Libertarian nominee.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Kennedy's campaign was noted for receiving significant support from Republican donors and Trump allies who believed he would serve as a "<a href="/wiki/Spoiler_effect" title="Spoiler effect">spoiler</a>", taking votes of those who would have otherwise voted for the Democratic nominee.<a href="#cite_note-NYTApril10-224">[223]</a> In August 2023, it was revealed that <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Mellon" title="Timothy Mellon">Timothy Mellon</a>, who gave $15 million to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s super PAC <a href="/wiki/MAGA_Inc." title="MAGA Inc.">MAGA Inc.</a>, also donated $5 million to Kennedy's super PAC, making him Kennedy's largest single donor.<a href="#cite_note-NYTApril10-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Mellon donated another $5 million to Kennedy's super PAC in April and another $50 million to MAGA Inc. in May.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-donor-227">[226]</a> In July 2024, Forbes reported that Mellon had donated $25 million to Kennedy and Kennedy-affiliated groups.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> In August, amid declining support in the polls, dwindling campaign funds, and mounting challenges to ballot access, the Kennedy campaign began making entreaties to the Harris and Trump campaigns seeking a cabinet post in exchange for an endorsement. Harris reportedly rebuffed Kennedy,<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> but Trump said he "probably would [consider the offer], if something like that would happen".<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> On August 22, the Kennedy campaign filed to be removed from the Arizona ballot amid reports he would drop out to endorse Trump.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> On August 23, Kennedy dropped out and endorsed Trump, while saying he intended to maintain ballot placement in certain non-swing states.<a href="#cite_note-NBCEndorsed-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP2024-08-23-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> This was a reversal for Kennedy, who had previously said he would "under no circumstances" join Trump on a presidential ticket, that his and Trump's positions "could not be further apart", and that Trump was a "terrible human being", a "discredit to democracy", and "probably a sociopath".<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-kennedytrump-235">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP2024-08-23-208">[208]</a> In his speech endorsing Trump, Kennedy described speaking with Trump and his advisers and said he discovered "we are aligned on many key issues".<a href="#cite_note-NBCEndorsed-4">[4]</a> In the week before the election, Trump said that Kennedy would have "a big role in health care", According to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, the position would be one that would not require Senate confirmation and would have health agencies reporting to Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> On November 14, after winning the election, Trump announced his intention to nominate Kennedy as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">United States Secretary of Health and Human Services</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anti-vaccine_advocacy_and_conspiracy_theories_on_public_health">Anti-vaccine advocacy and conspiracy theories on public health</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3></div> Kennedy is a prominent voice in the anti-vaccine movement, spreading anti-vaccine <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mnookin-2017-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC_2021-03-11-239">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith_12/15/2021-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time20230614-240">[239]</a> The infectious disease specialist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Osterholm" title="Michael Osterholm">Michael Osterholm</a> has said that Kennedy's "anti-vaccine disinformation" is effective "because it's portrayed to the public with graphs and figures and what appears to be scientific data. He has perfected the art of illusion of fact." Osterholm added: "This is about people's lives. And the consequences of promoting this kind of disinformation, as credible as it may seem, is simply dangerous."<a href="#cite_note-Time20230614-240">[239]</a> Kennedy has said that he is not against vaccines but wants them to be more thoroughly tested and investigated.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal" title="Thiomersal">Thimerosal</a>: Let the Science Speak (2015), he writes that he does not see himself as anti-vaccine: "People who advocate for safer vaccines should not be marginalized or denounced as anti-vaccine. I am pro-vaccine. I had all six of my children vaccinated. I believe that vaccines have saved the lives of hundreds of millions of humans over the past century and that broad vaccine coverage is critical to public health. But I want our vaccines to be as safe as possible."<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> But in July 2023, Kennedy said, "There's no vaccine that is safe and effective."<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vaccines_and_autism_claims">Vaccines and autism claims</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">Thiomersal and vaccines</a></div> Kennedy chairs the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Defense" title="Children's Health Defense">Children's Health Defense</a> (formerly known as the World Mercury Project), an anti-vaccine advocacy group he joined in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith_12/15/2021-2">[2]</a> In its early years, the group focused on mercury in industry and medicine, especially the ethylmercury used in thimerosal in vaccines.<a href="#cite_note-notav1-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-notav2-247">[246]</a> The group alleges that exposure to certain chemicals and radiation has caused a wide range of conditions in many American children, including <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD), <a href="/wiki/Food_allergies" class="mw-redirect" title="Food allergies">food allergies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">autoimmune diseases</a>. Children's Health Defense has blamed and campaigned against vaccines, <a href="/wiki/Fluoridation_of_drinking_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoridation of drinking water">fluoridation of drinking water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen), <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">wireless communication</a>, among other things. The group has been identified as one of two major buyers of anti-vaccine <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> advertising in late 2018 and early 2019.<a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-journ-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-study-249">[248]</a> Members of his family have criticized Kennedy and his organization, saying he spreads "dangerous misinformation" and that his work has "heartbreaking" consequences.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> Kennedy and Children's Health Defense have falsely claimed that vaccines cause autism.<a href="#cite_note-FCRFKAutism-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-notav1-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasem-252">[251]</a> Kennedy focused on <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">the subset of vaccines that contained thimerosal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>-based anti-microbial that has been falsely claimed to cause autism.<a href="#cite_note-shifting-253">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thimerosal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thimerosal">Thimerosal</a> has never been used in <a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine" title="MMR vaccine">MMR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varicella_vaccine" title="Varicella vaccine">chickenpox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine" title="Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine">pneumococcal conjugate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Inactivated_polio_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inactivated polio vaccine">inactivated polio</a> vaccines,<a href="#cite_note-CDC-thimerosal-254">[253]</a> and in 2001 was removed from all other childhood (under 6 years old) vaccines except for a few versions of flu and hepatitis vaccines.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> No childhood vaccine now contains more than traces (1 microgram or less) of thimerosal, except for flu, which is also available without thimerosal in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FDA_Thimerosal_and_Vaccines-256">[255]</a> For those 6 years and older, including pregnant women, all vaccines are now available in versions with only trace amounts of thimerosal.<a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> In April 2015, Kennedy participated in a Speakers' Forum to promote the film <a href="/wiki/Trace_Amounts" title="Trace Amounts">Trace Amounts</a>, which promotes the discredited claim of a link between <a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">autism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">mercury</a> in vaccinations. At a screening, he called the increased cases of autism (which he calls an "autism epidemic") a "holocaust".<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a> said that Kennedy uses his status as an environmental activist to bolster the anti-vaccination movement, regularly appearing in online conversations with the discredited British former doctor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a>, the anti-vaccination activist <a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a>, and the conspiracy theorist <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Buttar" title="Rashid Buttar">Rashid Buttar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ind-259">[258]</a> Kennedy is listed as executive producer of Vaxxed II: The People's Truth, the 2019 sequel to Wakefield's and Bigtree's anti-vaccination documentary <a href="/wiki/Vaxxed" title="Vaxxed">Vaxxed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> In February 2021, Kennedy's <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> account was deleted "for repeatedly sharing debunked claims" about <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_2/11/2021-261">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> In March 2021, the Center for Countering Digital Hate identified Kennedy as one of 12 people responsible for up to 65% of anti-vaccine content on Facebook and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> Kennedy has said that governments and the media are conspiring to deny that vaccines cause autism.<a href="#cite_note-glob-264">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-SBM1-265">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Writings_and_speeches_promoting_anti-vaccine_theories">Writings and speeches promoting anti-vaccine theories</h4></div> In June 2005, Kennedy wrote an article, "<a href="/wiki/Deadly_Immunity" title="Deadly Immunity">Deadly Immunity</a>", that appeared in both <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon.com</a> and alleged a government conspiracy to conceal a connection between thimerosal and childhood <a href="/wiki/Neurodevelopmental_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodevelopmental disorders">neurodevelopmental disorders</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-268">[267]</a> The article contained factual errors, leading Salon to issue five corrections.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-269">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Walsh" title="Joan Walsh">Joan Walsh</a>, Salon.com's editor-in-chief at the time and the sole Salon editor of the piece, said she had mistakenly relied on Rolling Stone's fact-checking, a process she later learned was "less than arduous". As soon as the piece was up, she said, "We were besieged by scientists and advocates showing how Kennedy had misunderstood, incorrectly cited, and perhaps even falsified data... It was the worst mistake of my career. I probably should have been fired."<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-271">[270]</a> Six years later Salon.com retracted the article in its entirety.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-269">[268]</a> It said the retraction was motivated by accumulating evidence of alleged errors and scientific fraud underlying the vaccine-autism claim.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> A corrected version of the original article was published on Rolling Stone's website.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-268">[267]</a> Kennedy said on <a href="/wiki/The_Joe_Rogan_Experience" title="The Joe Rogan Experience">The Joe Rogan Experience</a>—and was paraphrased in The New York Times as saying—that "Salon caved to pressure from government regulators and the pharmaceutical industry." Walsh responded: "That's just another lie. We caved to pressure from the incontrovertible truth and our journalistic consciences."<a href="#cite_note-Walsh-271">[270]</a> In May 2013, Kennedy delivered the keynote address at the anti-vaccination<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> AutismOne / <a href="/wiki/Generation_Rescue" title="Generation Rescue">Generation Rescue</a> conference.<a href="#cite_note-Slate_2013-274">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-AutismOne_2013-275">[274]</a> In 2014, Kennedy's book Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak: The Evidence Supporting the Immediate Removal of Mercury – a Known Neurotoxin – from Vaccines, was published. While <a href="/wiki/Methylmercury" title="Methylmercury">methylmercury</a> is a potent neurotoxin, thimerosal is not. According to the CDC, there is "no convincing evidence of harm caused by the low doses of thimerosal in vaccines".<a href="#cite_note-CDC-thimerosal-254">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-FDA_Thimerosal_and_Vaccines-256">[255]</a> The book's preface is by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hyman_(doctor)" title="Mark Hyman (doctor)">Mark Hyman</a>, a proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medical treatment</a> called <a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">functional medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cracked31-276">[275]</a> Kennedy has published many articles on the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines" title="Thiomersal and vaccines">thimerosal in vaccines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Meeting_with_Donald_Trump">Meeting with Donald Trump</h4></div> On January 10, 2017, incoming <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a> confirmed that Kennedy and <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">President-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> met to discuss a position in the Trump administration. Kennedy said afterward that he had accepted an offer from Trump to chair the Vaccine Safety Task Force, but a spokeswoman for Trump's transition said that no final decision had been made.<a href="#cite_note-skeptic-281">[280]</a> In an August 2017 interview with <a href="/wiki/Stat_(website)" title="Stat (website)">STAT News</a> reporter <a href="/wiki/Helen_Branswell" title="Helen Branswell">Helen Branswell</a>, Kennedy said that he had been meeting with federal public health regulators at the White House's request to discuss defects in vaccine safety science.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controversy_with_Robert_De_Niro">Controversy with Robert De Niro</h4></div> On February 15, 2017, Kennedy and the actor <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> gave a press conference at the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(United_States)" title="National Press Club (United States)">National Press Club</a> in Washington, D.C., in which they said the press was working for the vaccination industry and did not allow debates on vaccination science. They offered a $100,000 reward to any journalist or citizen who could point to a study showing that it is safe to inject mercury into babies and pregnant women at levels currently contained in <a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">flu vaccines</a>. Craig Foster, a psychology professor who studies <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>, deemed the challenge "not science", calling it a "carefully constructed 'contest' that allows its creators to generate the misleading outcome they presumably want to see". Foster added, "Proving that something is safe is importantly different than proving that something is harmful."<a href="#cite_note-Craig_Foster-283">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Samoa_measles_outbreak">Samoa measles outbreak</h4></div> On June 4, 2019, during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> coinciding with its 57th annual independence celebration, Kennedy appeared in an Instagram photo with Australian-Samoan anti-vaccine activist <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Winterstein" title="Taylor Winterstein">Taylor Winterstein</a>. Kennedy's charity and Winterstein have both perpetuated the allegation that the <a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine" title="MMR vaccine">MMR vaccine</a> played a role in the 2018 deaths of two Samoan infants, despite the subsequent revelation that the infants had mistakenly received a <a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant" title="Muscle relaxant">muscle relaxant</a> along with the vaccine. Kennedy has drawn criticism for fueling <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">vaccine hesitancy</a> amid a social climate that gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/2019_Samoa_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Samoa measles outbreak">2019 Samoa measles outbreak</a>, which killed over 70 people, and the <a href="/wiki/2019_Tonga_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Tonga measles outbreak">2019 Tonga measles outbreak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg/128px-Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg/192px-Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg/256px-Anthony_Fauci_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="564" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Visit_of_Bill_Gates,_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures,_to_the_European_Commission_5_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Visit_of_Bill_Gates%2C_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures%2C_to_the_European_Commission_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/116px-Visit_of_Bill_Gates%2C_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures%2C_to_the_European_Commission_5_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Visit_of_Bill_Gates%2C_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures%2C_to_the_European_Commission_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-Visit_of_Bill_Gates%2C_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures%2C_to_the_European_Commission_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Visit_of_Bill_Gates%2C_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures%2C_to_the_European_Commission_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/232px-Visit_of_Bill_Gates%2C_Chairman_of_Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures%2C_to_the_European_Commission_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="1388" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Many of Kennedy's conspiracy theories and writings regarding the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> have targeted prominent figures such as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> (right).</div></div></div></div> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Kennedy promoted multiple conspiracy theories related to COVID, including false claims that <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> were trying to profit off a vaccine,<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> and suggesting that <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> would cut off access to money of people who do not get vaccinated, allowing them to starve.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> In August 2020, Kennedy appeared in an hour-long interview with <a href="/wiki/Alec_Baldwin" title="Alec Baldwin">Alec Baldwin</a> on <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> and touted a number of incorrect and misleading claims about vaccines and public health measures related to the pandemic. Public health officials and scientists criticized Baldwin for letting Kennedy's claims go unchallenged.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> Kennedy has promoted misinformation about the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>, falsely suggesting that it contributed to the death of <a href="/wiki/Hank_Aaron" title="Hank Aaron">Hank Aaron</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a> In February 2021, his Instagram account was blocked for "repeatedly sharing debunked claims about the coronavirus or vaccines".<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a> identified Kennedy as one of the main propagators of conspiracy theories about Bill Gates and <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> phone technology. His conspiracy theory activities considerably increased his social media impact; between the spring and fall of 2020, his Instagram account grew from 121,000 followers to 454,000.<a href="#cite_note-Ind-259">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> Kennedy has expressed skepticism about the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, contending that it served to benefit billionaires. According to Kennedy, the pandemic resulted in a "$4.4 trillion shift in wealth from the American middle class to this new oligarchy that we created—500 new billionaires with the lockdowns, and the billionaires that we already had increased their wealth by 30%".<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> In November 2021, Kennedy's book <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Anthony_Fauci:_Bill_Gates,_Big_Pharma,_and_the_Global_War_on_Democracy_and_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health">The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health</a> was published. In it, Kennedy alleges that Fauci sabotaged treatments for AIDS, violated federal laws, and conspired with Bill Gates and social media companies such as Facebook to suppress information about COVID-19 cures, to leave vaccines as the only option to fight the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> In the book, Kennedy calls Fauci "a powerful technocrat who helped orchestrate and execute 2020s historic coup d'etat against Western democracy". He claims without proof that Fauci and Gates had schemed to prolong the pandemic and exaggerate its effects, promoting expensive vaccinations for the benefit of "a powerful vaccine cartel".<a href="#cite_note-NZZ-299">[298]</a> The book repeats several discredited myths about the COVID-19 pandemic, notably about the effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/Ivermectin" title="Ivermectin">ivermectin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Smith_12/15/2021-2">[2]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung" title="Neue Zürcher Zeitung">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a> wrote that in the book "polemics alternate with chapters that pedantically seek to substantiate Kennedy's accusations with numerous quotations and studies".<a href="#cite_note-NZZ-299">[298]</a> Kennedy also released a video depicting Fauci with a Hitler mustache.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-300">[299]</a> In response to the book, Fauci called Kennedy "a very disturbed individual" and has publicly said that, having met with Kennedy to discuss vaccines early during his tenure in the Trump administration, he "[doesn't] know what's going on in [Kennedy's] head, but it's not good".<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> Kennedy wrote the foreword to Plague of Corruption, a 2020 book by the former research scientist and the anti-vaccine conspiracy theorist <a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a> On August 29, 2020, Kennedy appeared as a speaker at a partially violent demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> where <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> groups called for an end to restrictions caused by COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> His YouTube account was removed in late September 2021 for breaking the company's new policies on vaccine misinformation.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> During a speech on January 23, 2022, at an anti-vaccination rally on the National Mall in Washington D.C., Kennedy said: "Even in Hitler's Germany, you could cross the Alps into Switzerland, you could hide in the attic like Anne Frank did. Today the mechanisms are being put in place that will make it so none of us can run, none of us can hide."<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz Memorial">Auschwitz Memorial</a> responded on Twitter: "Exploiting of the tragedy of people who suffered, were humiliated, tortured & murdered by the totalitarian regime of Nazi Germany—including children like Anne Frank—in a debate about vaccines & limitations during global pandemic is a sad symptom of moral & intellectual decay." Kennedy's wife, the actress <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hines" title="Cheryl Hines">Cheryl Hines</a>, also condemned his comments, tweeting that the reference to Frank was "reprehensible and insensitive".<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> Two days later, Kennedy apologized for his comment.<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-300">[299]</a> In June 2023, Instagram reinstated his account.<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> At a private dinner in July 2023, Kennedy was recorded saying, "There is an argument that [COVID-19] is ethnically targeted", adding, "COVID-19 is targeted to attack Caucasians and Black people. The people who are the most immune are Ashkenazi Jews and Chinese ... we don't know whether it's deliberately targeted or not." The <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> immediately condemned his remarks, with the latter saying that Kennedy's statement "feeds into sinophobic and antisemitic conspiracy theories".<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-310">[309]</a> Kennedy responded that he "never, ever suggested that the COVID-19 virus was targeted to spare Jews" and that he does not "believe and never implied that the ethnic effect was deliberately engineered". He explained his remarks by citing a 2021 study that he said showed that "COVID-19 appears to disproportionately affect certain races" due to racial differences in the effectiveness of COVID-19's <a href="/wiki/Furin" title="Furin">furin</a> cleave docking site, thus serving "as a kind of proof of concept for ethnically targeted bioweapons".<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> Experts roundly criticized these further claims, pointing out that the study said nothing about Chinese people or bioweapons and that Chinese people and Ashkenazi Jews contract COVID-19 at rates similar to other ethnic groups and nationalities. The virologist <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rasmussen" title="Angela Rasmussen">Angela Rasmussen</a> said, "Jewish or Chinese protease consensus sequences are not a thing in biochemistry, but they are in racism and antisemitism."<a href="#cite_note-:0-310">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_racism_conspiracy_theory">Medical racism conspiracy theory</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_racism_in_the_United_States" title="Medical racism in the United States">Medical racism in the United States</a></div> Kennedy targets Black Americans with anti-vaccine propaganda and conspiracy theories, linking vaccination with instances of <a href="/wiki/Medical_racism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical racism">medical racism</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study" title="Tuskegee Syphilis Study">Tuskegee Syphilis Study</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPR2021-06-08-312">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC_2021-03-11-239">[238]</a> Echoing others in the anti-vaccination movement, Children's Health Defense claimed that the U.S. government seeks to harm ethnic minorities by prioritizing them for COVID-19 vaccines. In March 2021, Children's Health Defense released an anti-vaccine propaganda video, "<a href="/wiki/Medical_Racism:_The_New_Apartheid" title="Medical Racism: The New Apartheid">Medical Racism: The New Apartheid</a>", that promotes COVID-19 conspiracy theories and claims that COVID-19 vaccination efforts are medical experiments on Black people. Kennedy appears in the video, inviting viewers to disregard information dispensed by health authorities and doctors. Brandi Collin-Dexter, a Fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Shorenstein_Center_on_Media,_Politics_and_Public_Policy" title="Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy">Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy</a>, said, "the notorious figures and false narratives in the documentary were recognizable" and "the film's incompatible narratives sought to take advantage of the pain felt by Black communities."<a href="#cite_note-NBC_2021-03-11-239">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-FC-313">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> At the urging of disinformation experts, the film was removed from Facebook, but Kennedy was permitted to keep his account.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HIV/AIDS_denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</h3></div> In his book The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the War on Democracy and Public Health, Kennedy writes that he takes "no position on the relationship between HIV and AIDS",<a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a>: 347  but spends over 100 pages quoting HIV denialists such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Duesberg" title="Peter Duesberg">Peter Duesberg</a> who question the isolation of HIV and the etiology of AIDS.<a href="#cite_note-Debunk-316">[315]</a> Kennedy refers to the "orthodoxy that HIV alone causes AIDS"<a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a>: 348  and the "theology that HIV is the sole cause of AIDS",<a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a>: 351  and repeats the false <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialist" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS denialist">HIV/AIDS denialist</a> claim that no one has isolated the HIV virion and "No one has been able to point to a study that demonstrates their hypothesis using accepted scientific proofs.": 348  He also repeats the false claim that the early AIDS drug <a href="/wiki/AZT" class="mw-redirect" title="AZT">AZT</a> is "absolutely fatal"<a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a>: 332  due to its "horrendous toxicity".<a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a>: 298  Molecular biologist <a href="/wiki/Dan_Wilson_(biologist)" title="Dan Wilson (biologist)">Dan Wilson</a> points out that Kennedy falsely claims that <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a>, the discoverer of HIV, was a "convert" to Duesberg's fringe hypothesis. Wilson concludes that Kennedy is a "full blown" HIV/AIDS denialist.<a href="#cite_note-Debunk-316">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">[296]</a> Epidemiologist <a href="/wiki/Tara_C._Smith" title="Tara C. Smith">Tara C. Smith</a> suggests that Kennedy's book "even flirts with outright germ theory denial", quoting from a portion in which Kennedy contrasts the <a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" title="Germ theory of disease">germ theory of disease</a> with <a href="/wiki/Terrain_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrain theory">terrain theory</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-317">[316]</a> and another in which he writes that <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> "is said to have recanted" germ theory <a href="/wiki/Deathbed_confession" title="Deathbed confession">on his deathbed</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Antoine_B%C3%A9champ" title="Antoine Béchamp">Antoine Béchamp</a>'s terrain theory,<a href="#cite_note-:8-317">[316]</a>: Table 1  an unproven claim that circulates among germ theory denialists.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pushback_from_the_Kennedy_family">Pushback from the Kennedy family</h3></div> Several members of Kennedy's close family have distanced themselves from his anti-vaccination activities and conspiracy theories on public health, and condemned his comments equating public health measures with <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> war crimes.<a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> On May 8, 2019, his niece <a href="/wiki/Maeve_Kennedy_McKean" title="Maeve Kennedy McKean">Maeve Kennedy McKean</a> and elder siblings Kathleen and Joseph wrote an open letter saying that while Kennedy has championed many admirable causes, he "has helped to spread dangerous misinformation over social media and is complicit in sowing distrust of the science behind vaccines". They also cited the roles played by President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy in (respectively) signing and reauthorizing the Vaccination Assistance Act of 1962.<a href="#cite_note-ff-320">[319]</a> On December 30, 2020, another niece, Kerry Kennedy Meltzer, a physician, wrote a similar open letter, saying that her uncle published misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines' side effects.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> John F. Kennedy's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a>, said her family was generally united in supporting public health infrastructure, citing the work of Ted Kennedy and <a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a>. She added, "I think Bobby Kennedy [Jr.]'s views on vaccines are dangerous, but I don't think that most Americans share them, so we'll just have to wait and see what happens."<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_opinions">Other opinions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_allergies">Food allergies</h3></div> Kennedy was a founding board member of the <a href="/wiki/Food_Allergy_Initiative" title="Food Allergy Initiative">Food Allergy Initiative</a>. His son has <a href="/wiki/Anaphylactic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaphylactic">anaphylactic</a> <a href="/wiki/Peanut_allergies" class="mw-redirect" title="Peanut allergies">peanut allergies</a>. Kennedy wrote the foreword to The Peanut Allergy Epidemic, in which he and the authors falsely link increasing food allergies in children to certain vaccines that were approved beginning in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Murder_of_Martha_Moxley">Murder of Martha Moxley</h3></div> In 2003, Kennedy published an article in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic Monthly</a> about the 1975 <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Martha_Moxley" title="Murder of Martha Moxley">murder of Martha Moxley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a>, in which he insists that his cousin <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Martha_Moxley#Michael_Skakel" title="Murder of Martha Moxley">Michael Skakel</a>'s indictment "was triggered by an inflamed media, and that an innocent man is now in prison". Kennedy argues that evidence suggests that Kenneth Littleton, the Skakel family's live-in tutor, killed Moxley, and calls investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Dominick_Dunne" title="Dominick Dunne">Dominick Dunne</a> the "driving force" behind Skakel's prosecution.<a href="#cite_note-miscarriage-325">[324]</a> In 2016, Kennedy released the book Framed: Why Michael Skakel Spent over a Decade in Prison for a Murder He Didn't Commit.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> In 2017, the rights to the book were optioned by <a href="/wiki/FX_Productions" title="FX Productions">FX Productions</a> to develop a multi-part television series.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> In 2018, Skakel's conviction was <a href="/wiki/Vacated" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacated">vacated</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Casarez-328">[327]</a> and in 2020, prosecutors decided not to seek a new trial.<a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assassinations_of_John_F._Kennedy_and_Robert_F._Kennedy">Assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory" title="CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory">CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory</a></div> On the evening of January 11, 2013, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose" title="Charlie Rose">Charlie Rose</a> interviewed Kennedy and his sister <a href="/wiki/Rory_Kennedy" title="Rory Kennedy">Rory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Winspear_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Winspear Opera House">Winspear Opera House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> as a part of then Dallas Mayor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Rawlings" title="Mike Rawlings">Mike Rawlings</a>'s hand-chosen committee's year-long program of celebrating John F. Kennedy's life and presidency.<a href="#cite_note-DiEugenio,_Jim_2013-330">[329]</a> Of JFK's <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination</a>, RFK Jr. said his father was "fairly convinced" <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> had not acted alone and believed the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a> report was a "shoddy piece of craftsmanship". According to RFK Jr. in January 2013, "The evidence at this point I think is very, very convincing that it was not a lone gunman."<a href="#cite_note-:3-331">[330]</a> He endorsed the 2013 edition of <a href="/wiki/JFK_and_the_Unspeakable" title="JFK and the Unspeakable">JFK and the Unspeakable</a>, saying it had moved him to visit <a href="/wiki/Dealey_Plaza" title="Dealey Plaza">Dealey Plaza</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-Orbis-332">[331]</a> In November 2023, approaching the 60th anniversary of the assassination, RFK Jr. launched a petition on his presidential campaign website<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> to release the estimated remaining 1% of documents related to the case. He said that finally releasing full and unredacted documents could help restore trust in the government.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> In an interview on <a href="/wiki/Lex_Fridman" title="Lex Fridman">Lex Fridman</a>'s podcast, Kennedy said that the evidence that the CIA was involved in the assassination was "beyond any reasonable doubt".<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] Kennedy does not believe that <a href="/wiki/Sirhan_Sirhan" title="Sirhan Sirhan">Sirhan Sirhan</a> fired the shot that <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">killed his father</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>. Based on the testimony of eyewitnesses, especially <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrade" title="Paul Schrade">Paul Schrade</a>, who was standing next to Kennedy and was shot himself, as well as the autopsy, he believes there was a <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">second gunman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo20180605-336">[335]</a> In December 2017, he visited <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Donovan_Correctional_Facility" title="Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility">Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility</a> near San Diego to meet Sirhan. After meeting Sirhan, he gave his support for a reinvestigation of the assassination.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo20180605-336">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_dysphoria">Gender dysphoria</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory">LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory</a></div> In a June 2023 podcast interview with <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a>, Kennedy posited that several issues in children, including <a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">gender dysphoria</a>, might be linked to <a href="/wiki/Atrazine" title="Atrazine">atrazine</a> contamination in the water supply. He cited a 2010 study by Hayes<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> that claims that acute atrazine exposure causes <a href="/wiki/Chemical_castration" title="Chemical castration">chemical castration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">feminization</a> in frogs, leading some to become <a href="/wiki/Hermaphrodites" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermaphrodites">hermaphrodites</a>. Kennedy suggested that there was other evidence indicating potential effects on humans.<a href="#cite_note-Greg-338">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> removed the interview under its <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">vaccine misinformation</a> policy, a decision Peterson and Kennedy criticized as censorship.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greg-338">[337]</a> Various publications denounced the theory, such as <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Gay_News" title="Philadelphia Gay News">Philadelphia Gay News</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Victoria-341">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Greg-338">[337]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> After media criticism, a spokesperson for Kennedy's 2024 presidential campaign told CNN that he was being mischaracterized and that he was not claiming that endocrine disruptors were the sole cause of gender dysphoria, but rather <a href="/wiki/Further_research_is_needed" title="Further research is needed">proposing further research</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-343">[342]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gore" title="Andrea Gore">Andrea Gore</a>, a professor of <a href="/wiki/Neuroendocrinology" title="Neuroendocrinology">neuroendocrinology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>, said, "I don't think people should be making statements about the relationship between environmental chemicals and changes in sexuality when there's zero evidence."<a href="#cite_note-:1-343">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conspiracy_theory_about_contrails">Conspiracy theory about contrails</h3></div> In August 2024, after he endorsed Trump for president and started to work with Trump's campaign, Kennedy posted, "We are going to stop this crime" of <a href="/wiki/Chemtrails" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemtrails">chemtrails</a>. Chemtrails do not exist. Belief in chemtrails involves a conspiracy theory that airplane water vapor trails (<a href="/wiki/Contrail" title="Contrail">contrails</a>) are purposely dumped chemicals designed to harm the population.<a href="#cite_note-chemtrails-344">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-chemtrails-cnn-345">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_interests">General interests</h3></div> Kennedy is a licensed master <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconer</a> and has trained hawks since he was 11. He breeds hawks and falcons and is also licensed as a raptor propagator and a wildlife rehabilitator.<a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> He holds permits for Federal <a href="/wiki/Game_keeper" class="mw-redirect" title="Game keeper">Game Keeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bird_bander" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird bander">Bird Bander</a>, and Scientific Collector. He was president of the New York State Falconry Association from 1988 to 1991. In 1987, while on Governor <a href="/wiki/Mario_Cuomo" title="Mario Cuomo">Mario Cuomo</a>'s New York State Falconry Advising Committee, Kennedy authored New York State's examination to qualify apprentice falconers. Later that year, he wrote the New York State Apprentice Falconer's Manual, which was published by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation" title="New York State Department of Environmental Conservation">New York State Department of Environmental Conservation</a> and remains in use.<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> Kennedy is also a <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_kayaking" title="Whitewater kayaking">whitewater kayaker</a>. His father introduced him and his siblings to whitewater kayaking during trips down the <a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Colorado_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green River (Colorado River)">Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yampa_River" title="Yampa River">Yampa Rivers</a> in Utah and Colorado, the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Fork_Salmon_River" title="Middle Fork Salmon River">Middle Fork Salmon</a> in Idaho, and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Hudson">Upper Hudson</a> Gorge. Between 1976 and 1981, Kennedy was a partner and guide at a whitewater company, Utopian, based in <a href="/wiki/West_Forks,_Maine" title="West Forks, Maine">West Forks, Maine</a>. He organized and led several "first-descent" whitewater expeditions to Latin America, including three hitherto unexplored rivers: the <a href="/wiki/Apur%C3%ADmac_River" title="Apurímac River">Apurimac</a>, Peru, in 1975; the <a href="/wiki/Atrato" title="Atrato">Atrato</a>, Colombia, in 1979; and the <a href="/wiki/Caron%C3%AD_River" title="Caroní River">Caroni</a>, Venezuela, in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-348">[347]</a> In 1993, he made an early descent of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Whale_River" title="Great Whale River">Great Whale River</a> in northern Quebec, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> In 2015, Kennedy took two of his sons to the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> to visit <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kennedy" title="Mount Kennedy">Mount Kennedy</a> and run the <a href="/wiki/Alsek_River" title="Alsek River">Alsek River</a>, a whitewater river fed by the <a href="/wiki/Alsek_Glacier" title="Alsek Glacier">Alsek Glacier</a>. Mount Kennedy was Canada's highest unclimbed peak when the Canadian government named it for John F. Kennedy in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-350">[349]</a> In 1965, Robert F. Kennedy Sr. was the first person to climb Mount Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-351">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_children">Marriages and children</h3></div> On April 3, 1982, Kennedy married Emily Ruth Black, whom he met at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_School_of_Law" title="University of Virginia School of Law">University of Virginia School of Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> Kennedy and Black separated in 1992 and divorced in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-353">[352]</a> On April 15, 1994, Kennedy married <a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson_Kennedy" title="Mary Richardson Kennedy">Mary Kathleen Richardson</a>, a close friend of his sister Kerry, aboard a research vessel on the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-354">[353]</a> Kennedy has six children, two with Black and four with Richardson.<a href="#cite_note-355">[354]</a> During his marriage to Richardson, Kennedy was known among his friends for sending explicit nude photos of women that they presumed he had taken, according to <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hagan_20240702-32">[32]</a> He reportedly engaged in multiple affairs during the marriage.<a href="#cite_note-356">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hagan_20240702-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[356]</a> His friends later called him a "lifelong philanderer".<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> On May 12, 2010, Kennedy filed for divorce from Richardson. On May 16, 2012, Richardson was found dead in a building on the grounds of her home in <a href="/wiki/Bedford_(town),_New_York" title="Bedford (town), New York">Bedford, New York</a>. The Westchester County Medical Examiner ruled the death a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging" title="Suicide by hanging">suicide due to asphyxiation from hanging</a>.<a href="#cite_note-360">[359]</a> Before her death, Richardson had discovered Kennedy's personal journal from 2001, in which he recorded sexual encounters with 37 different women. According to Kennedy, Richardson passed the journal along "to her sisters with instructions that, if anything happened to her, [it should be] published in the press".<a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a><a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a> Following her death, Kennedy won a court case against Richardson's siblings to have her buried alongside fellow Kennedy family members in St. Francis Xavier Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Massachusetts" title="Centerville, Massachusetts">Centerville, Massachusetts</a>, instead of a location closer to her siblings in New York. Shortly after her burial, Kennedy had her body disinterred and moved to a now marked grave[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] in an empty area of the cemetery, and bought 50 plots around Richardson for future interment of Kennedy family members.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a> Kennedy's niece Saoirse Kennedy Hill was buried next to Richardson after her death from a drug overdose at age 22.<a href="#cite_note-364">[363]</a> In 2012, Kennedy began dating the actress <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hines" title="Cheryl Hines">Cheryl Hines</a>. They were married on August 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a>. The couple were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Larry_David" title="Larry David">Larry David</a>, Hines's co-star on <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Curb_Your_Enthusiasm" title="Curb Your Enthusiasm">Curb Your Enthusiasm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[365]</a> Kennedy and Hines reside in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a><a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Cod, Massachusetts">Cape Cod, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a> In September 2024, <a href="/wiki/Olivia_Nuzzi" title="Olivia Nuzzi">Olivia Nuzzi</a>, a reporter for <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a> magazine who had been covering his presidential campaign, told her editors that she had been in a relationship with Kennedy, which she described as personal but not physical.<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> During Kennedy's college years, he started having heart problems, which he has said were caused by <a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">caffeine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychological_stress" title="Psychological stress">stress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">sleep deprivation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-370">[369]</a> In his 40s, Kennedy developed adductor <a href="/wiki/Spasmodic_dysphonia" title="Spasmodic dysphonia">spasmodic dysphonia</a>, an organic voice disorder that causes his voice to quaver and makes speech difficult. It is a form of involuntary movement affecting the <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a>, related to <a href="/wiki/Dystonia" title="Dystonia">dystonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KW-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-living-dangerously-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-voice-disorder-371">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a> Kennedy said he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan, for a procedure where a titanium bridge was inserted between his vocal cords to try to relieve the disorder.<a href="#cite_note-:6-370">[369]</a> Kennedy began experiencing severe short- and long-term memory loss and <a href="/wiki/Mental_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental fog">mental fog</a> in 2010. In a 2012 divorce court deposition, he attributed neurological issues to "a worm that got into my brain and ate a portion of it and then died", in addition to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury poisoning</a> from eating large quantities of tuna.<a href="#cite_note-:6-370">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> The Washington Post reported that Kennedy's campaign "has not released his medical records that could verify his account, and Kennedy has previously spread health misinformation, including about mercury in vaccines".<a href="#cite_note-Nirappil-375">[374]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> Kennedy is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-globe1-376">[375]</a> In 2005, journalist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Paulson" title="Michael Paulson">Michael Paulson</a> called him "a deeply devout Catholic who attends daily Mass".<a href="#cite_note-chron1-377">[376]</a> Kennedy considers <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> his patron saint and a role model.<a href="#cite_note-globe1-376">[375]</a> In a 2005 interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>, he said he was deeply inspired by Francis's devotion to <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poverty_relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty relief">helping the poor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a>; Francis is a <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-chron1-377">[376]</a> In 2004, Kennedy published a biography, Saint Francis of Assisi: A Life of Joy.<a href="#cite_note-chron1-377">[376]</a> He also said Catholicism was a vehicle of his environmentalism, adding, "environmental work is spiritual work".<a href="#cite_note-chron1-377">[376]</a> Despite identifying as <a href="/wiki/Pro-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a>,<a href="#cite_note-chron1-377">[376]</a> Kennedy also identifies with <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">liberal Catholicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unherd1-143">[143]</a> He criticized the church's argument that <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> should have been denied communion because of his support for abortion rights.<a href="#cite_note-chron1-377">[376]</a> In a 2018 interview with <a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a>, Kennedy expressed his admiration for <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> and stated his belief that "the Church should be an instrument of justice and kindness around the world."<a href="#cite_note-vat1-378">[377]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_assault_allegations">Sexual assault allegations</h3></div> In July 2024, <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> reported that in the late 1990s, when he was in his 40s, Kennedy engaged in <a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">sexual misconduct</a> with Eliza Cooney, a 23-year-old part-time babysitter for his children.<a href="#cite_note-BBConVF-379">[378]</a> Cooney alleges that Kennedy groped her and touched her inappropriately on multiple occasions and asked her to rub lotion on his back when the two were alone in a bedroom.<a href="#cite_note-Hagan_20240702-32">[32]</a> Kennedy called this Vanity Fair piece a "lot of garbage". When asked specifically about Cooney's allegation, he responded, "I am not a church boy. I had a very, very rambunctious youth. I said in my announcement speech that I have so many skeletons in my closet that if they could all vote, I could run for king of the world." When pressed further, he said he had no comment.<a href="#cite_note-BBConVF-379">[378]</a> After the Vanity Fair piece was published, Kennedy texted Cooney: "I have no memory of this incident, but I apologize sincerely for anything I ever did that made you feel uncomfortable or anything I did or said that offended you or hurt your feelings. I never intended you any harm. If I hurt you, it was inadvertent. I feel badly for doing so."<a href="#cite_note-Mansfield-380">[379]</a> She responded: "I don't know if it's an apology if you say 'I don't remember'...In the context of all his public appearances, it seemed a little bit—it didn't match. It was like a throwaway."<a href="#cite_note-Mansfield-380">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_dead_animals">Treatment of dead animals</h3></div> In July 2024, an image of Kennedy holding a charred animal carcass captured in 2010 surfaced in a Vanity Fair story, which alleged that the carcass belonged to a dog and that Kennedy ate it.<a href="#cite_note-Hagan_20240702-32">[32]</a> Kennedy denied that he ate <a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">dog meat</a>, and said the animal carcass in the picture was a goat.<a href="#cite_note-381">[380]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a>, the carcass in the photo is lamb.<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a> Kennedy has eaten dog, horse, and guinea pig meat before 2001, however.<a href="#cite_note-383">[382]</a> In August 2024, Kennedy released a video on Twitter featuring <a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a>, acknowledging that in October 2014 he placed a dead six-month-old bear in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> after initially planning to skin it for <a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting#Meat" title="Bear hunting">meat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-384">[383]</a> Kennedy claimed that the bear had been <a href="/wiki/Roadkill" title="Roadkill">hit by a car</a> in front of him and that he ultimately abandoned the carcass for fear that it would spoil before he could preserve it, deliberately positioning the body to give the impression that it had been struck by a cyclist in Central Park.<a href="#cite_note-RFKJ_Bear_Treisman_2024-385">[384]</a> He released the video in advance of a story in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> that detailed the incident.<a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a> At the time of the incident, local news coverage caused "quite a stir" as the cause of the bear's death was unknown. A resulting <a href="/wiki/Necropsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Necropsy">necropsy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Environmental_Conservation" title="New York State Department of Environmental Conservation">New York State Department of Environmental Conservation</a> found that the death was caused by "<a href="/wiki/Blunt_force_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Blunt force injuries">blunt force injuries</a> consistent with a motor vehicle collision".<a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> In a 2012 interview with Town & Country magazine, Kennedy's daughter Kathleen "Kick" Kennedy recounted a story about how her father used a chainsaw to sever the head of a dead <a href="/wiki/Cetacean_stranding" title="Cetacean stranding">beached whale</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hyannis_Port,_Massachusetts" title="Hyannis Port, Massachusetts">Hyannis Port, Massachusetts</a>, then used bungee cords to strap the whale's head to the top of their minivan for the five-hour drive home, saying "every time we accelerated on the highway, whale juice would pour into the windows of the car" and that they "had plastic bags over our heads with mouth holes cut out, and people on the highway were giving us the finger, but that was just normal day-to-day stuff for us".<a href="#cite_note-388">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> In September 2024, the <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Fisheries_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement</a> announced that it was investigating the incident.<a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arms">Arms</h3></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="588" /></a> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>On St. Patrick’s Day, March 17, 1961, a ceremony took place at the White House when the Ambassador of the Republic of Ireland, T. J. Kiernan, presented <a href="/wiki/POTUS" class="mw-redirect" title="POTUS">President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> with a hand-illuminated sheet of vellum. Signed by Gerard Slevin, Chief Herald of Ireland, the document announced that the Irish government had granted a coat of arms to Patrick Kennedy’s descendants, including Robert F. Kennedy Jr., whose great-great-grandfather was Patrick Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a></dd> <dt>Crest</dt> <dd>between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Sable, three helmets in profile Or within a bordure per saltire Gules and Ermine.</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2></div> Kennedy has written books on subjects such as the environment, his anti-vaccination stance, biography, and American heroes. <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (1978). Judge Frank M. Johnson Jr.: A biography. <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">Putnam</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-12123-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-12123-4"><bdi>978-0-399-12123-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judge+Frank+M.+Johnson+Jr.%3A+A+biography&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-399-12123-4&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cronin, John; Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riverkeeperstwoa00cron">The Riverkeepers: Two Activists Fight to Reclaim Our Environment as a Basic Human Right</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribner</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684839080" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684839080"><bdi>978-0684839080</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Riverkeepers%3A+Two+Activists+Fight+to+Reclaim+Our+Environment+as+a+Basic+Human+Right&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0684839080&rft.aulast=Cronin&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Kennedy+Jr.%2C+Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friverkeeperstwoa00cron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crimesagainstnat00kenn">Crimes Against Nature: How George W. Bush and His Corporate Pals Are Plundering the Country and Highjacking Our Democracy</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074687-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074687-2"><bdi>978-0-06-074687-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crimes+Against+Nature%3A+How+George+W.+Bush+and+His+Corporate+Pals+Are+Plundering+the+Country+and+Highjacking+Our+Democracy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-074687-2&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrimesagainstnat00kenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F., ed. (2014). Thimerosal: Let the Science Speak: The Evidence Supporting the Immediate Removal of Mercury – a Known Neurotoxin – from Vaccines. New York: <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1632206015" title="Special:BookSources/978-1632206015"><bdi>978-1632206015</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thimerosal%3A+Let+the+Science+Speak%3A+The+Evidence+Supporting+the+Immediate+Removal+of+Mercury+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3Ba+Known+Neurotoxin+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3Bfrom+Vaccines&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1632206015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2016). Framed: Why Michael Skakel Spent Over a Decade in Prison For a Murder He Didn't Commit. New York: <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1510701779" title="Special:BookSources/978-1510701779"><bdi>978-1510701779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framed%3A+Why+Michael+Skakel+Spent+Over+a+Decade+in+Prison+For+a+Murder+He+Didn%27t+Commit&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1510701779&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-392">[391]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2018). American Values: Lessons I Learned from My Family. <a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0060848347" title="Special:BookSources/978-0060848347"><bdi>978-0060848347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Values%3A+Lessons+I+Learned+from+My+Family&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0060848347&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F.; Russell, Dick (2020). Climate in Crisis: Who's Causing It, Who's Fighting It, and How We Can Reverse It Before It's Too Late. <a href="/wiki/Hot_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Books">Hot Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1510760561" title="Special:BookSources/978-1510760561"><bdi>978-1510760561</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Climate+in+Crisis%3A+Who%27s+Causing+It%2C+Who%27s+Fighting+It%2C+and+How+We+Can+Reverse+It+Before+It%27s+Too+Late&rft.pub=Hot+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1510760561&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft.au=Russell%2C+Dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2021). <a href="/wiki/The_Real_Anthony_Fauci:_Bill_Gates,_Big_Pharma,_and_the_Global_War_on_Democracy_and_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health">The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1510766808" title="Special:BookSources/978-1510766808"><bdi>978-1510766808</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Anthony+Fauci%3A+Bill+Gates%2C+Big+Pharma%2C+and+the+Global+War+on+Democracy+and+Public+Health&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1510766808&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2022). <a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_Liberals" title="A Letter to Liberals">A Letter to Liberals: Censorship and COVID: an Attack on Science and American Ideals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1510775596" title="Special:BookSources/978-1510775596"><bdi>978-1510775596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Letter+to+Liberals%3A+Censorship+and+COVID%3A+an+Attack+on+Science+and+American+Ideals&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1510775596&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy_Jr.Hooker2023" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F.; Hooker, Brian (2023). Vax-Unvax: Let the Science Speak. <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781510766969" title="Special:BookSources/9781510766969"><bdi>9781510766969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vax-Unvax%3A+Let+the+Science+Speak&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781510766969&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft.au=Hooker%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (2023). The Wuhan Cover-Up: And the Terrifying Bioweapons Arms Race. <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse_Publishing" title="Skyhorse Publishing">Skyhorse Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1510773981" title="Special:BookSources/978-1510773981"><bdi>978-1510773981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wuhan+Cover-Up%3A+And+the+Terrifying+Bioweapons+Arms+Race&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1510773981&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_books">Children's books</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">St. Francis of Assisi: A Life of Joy. <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperion (publisher)">Hyperion</a>. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-1875-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-1875-4"><bdi>978-0-7868-1875-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+Francis+of+Assisi%3A+A+Life+of+Joy&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7868-1875-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s American Heroes: The Story of Joshua Chamberlain and the American Civil War. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperion (publisher)">Hyperion</a>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4231-0771-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4231-0771-2"><bdi>978-1-4231-0771-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.%27s+American+Heroes%3A+The+Story+of+Joshua+Chamberlain+and+the+American+Civil+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4231-0771-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robert Smalls: The Boat Thief. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperion (publisher)">Hyperion</a>. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1423108023" title="Special:BookSources/978-1423108023"><bdi>978-1423108023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Smalls%3A+The+Boat+Thief&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1423108023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kennedy_family-220"><a href="#cite_ref-kennedy_family_220-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> ran a <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_1960_presidential_campaign" title="John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign">successful presidential campaign</a> and was <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">elected in 1960</a>. <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> ran for the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic nomination</a> for president <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">in 1968</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Greenfield_2019_f993-217">[217]</a> but <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">was assassinated</a> in June that year. Kennedy's uncle-by-marriage <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a> ran for the nomination <a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">in 1976</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> but later withdrew from the race. <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> ran for the <a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic nomination</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Farrell_2022_n815-219">[219]</a> but was defeated in the primaries by incumbent Democratic president <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-v502-1"><a href="#cite_ref-v502_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorn2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Dorn, Sara (November 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2024/11/14/rfk-jr-launches-independent-2024-run-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes-from-vaccines-to-mass-shootings/">"Trump Taps RFK Jr. As Secretary Of Health And Human Services: Here Are All The Conspiracies He's Promoted"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved November 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Trump+Taps+RFK+Jr.+As+Secretary+Of+Health+And+Human+Services%3A+Here+Are+All+The+Conspiracies+He%27s+Promoted&rft.date=2024-11-14&rft.aulast=Dorn&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsaradorn%2F2024%2F11%2F14%2Frfk-jr-launches-independent-2024-run-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes-from-vaccines-to-mass-shootings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_12/15/2021-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_12/15/2021_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_12/15/2021_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_12/15/2021_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_12/15/2021_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_12/15/2021_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Michelle R. (December 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/how-rfk-jr-built-anti-vaccine-juggernaut-amid-covid-4997be1bcf591fe8b7f1f90d16c9321e">"How a Kennedy built an anti-vaccine juggernaut amid COVID-19"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218203449/https://apnews.com/article/how-rfk-jr-built-anti-vaccine-juggernaut-amid-covid-4997be1bcf591fe8b7f1f90d16c9321e">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2023. <q>Dr. Richard Allen Williams, a cardiologist, professor of medicine at UCLA and founder of the Minority Health Institute, said Kennedy is leading 'a propaganda movement'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+a+Kennedy+built+an+anti-vaccine+juggernaut+amid+COVID-19&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michelle+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-rfk-jr-built-anti-vaccine-juggernaut-amid-covid-4997be1bcf591fe8b7f1f90d16c9321e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KW-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KW_3-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir2021" class="citation magazine cs1">Weir, Keziah (May 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/05/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-became-anti-vaxxer-icon-nightmare">"How Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Became the Anti-vaxxer Icon of America's Nightmares"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210704184014/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/05/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-became-anti-vaxxer-icon-nightmare">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=How+Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.+Became+the+Anti-vaxxer+Icon+of+America%27s+Nightmares&rft.date=2021-05-13&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Keziah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F05%2Fhow-robert-f-kennedy-jr-became-anti-vaxxer-icon-nightmare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NBCEndorsed-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBCEndorsed_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBCEndorsed_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBCEndorsed_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/rfk-jr-says-court-filing-endorsing-trump-ending-presidential-hopes-rcna165936?taid=66c8d85fa497bd0001e9e5d3">"RFK Jr. endorses Trump after weeks of back-channel courtship"</a>. NBC News. August 23, 2024. Retrieved August 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=RFK+Jr.+endorses+Trump+after+weeks+of+back-channel+courtship&rft.date=2024-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024-election%2Frfk-jr-says-court-filing-endorsing-trump-ending-presidential-hopes-rcna165936%3Ftaid%3D66c8d85fa497bd0001e9e5d3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgee2017" class="citation web cs1">Agee, J'nelle (March 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/hudson-valley/news/2017/03/17/robert-kennedy-jr-resigns-from-riverkeeper">"Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Resigns from Riverkeeper"</a>. 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Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spectrum+News&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.+Resigns+from+Riverkeeper&rft.date=2017-03-18&rft.aulast=Agee&rft.aufirst=J%27nelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrumlocalnews.com%2Fnys%2Fhudson-valley%2Fnews%2F2017%2F03%2F17%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-resigns-from-riverkeeper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwhowardattorneys.com/member/rfk-jr/">"Robert F. Kennedy, Jr"</a>. JW Howard Attorneys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502054603/https://jwhowardattorneys.com/member/rfk-jr/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy%2C+Jr.&rft.pub=JW+Howard+Attorneys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwhowardattorneys.com%2Fmember%2Frfk-jr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Steve (April 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/rfk-jr-to-address-college-of-law-graduates/">"RFK Jr. to address College of Law graduates"</a>. Nebraska Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171004085140/http://news.unl.edu/newsrooms/today/article/rfk-jr-to-address-college-of-law-graduates">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nebraska+Today&rft.atitle=RFK+Jr.+to+address+College+of+Law+graduates&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.unl.edu%2Fnewsrooms%2Ftoday%2Farticle%2Frfk-jr-to-address-college-of-law-graduates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waterkeeper.org/news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-resigns-as-waterkeeper-alliance-president/">"Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Resigns as Waterkeeper Alliance President"</a>. Waterkeeper Alliance. November 10, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waterkeeper+Alliance&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy%2C+Jr.+Resigns+as+Waterkeeper+Alliance+President&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaterkeeper.org%2Fnews%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-resigns-as-waterkeeper-alliance-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFMnookin2017">Mnookin 2017</a></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFZadroznyAdams2021">Zadrozny & Adams 2021</a></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCCDH2020">CCDH 2020</a></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFBBC2021">BBC 2021</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCCDH2020" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/210106-The-Anti-Vaxx-Playbook.pdf">The Anti-Vaxx Playbook</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220709180456/https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/210106-The-Anti-Vaxx-Playbook.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Anti-Vaxx+Playbook&rft.pub=Center+for+Countering+Digital+Hate&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcounterhate.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F05%2F210106-The-Anti-Vaxx-Playbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOshin2022" class="citation news cs1">Oshin, Olafimihan (January 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124023519/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/590995-auschwitz-memorial-says-rfk-jr-speech-at-anti-vaccine-rally-exploits">"Auschwitz Memorial says RFK Jr. speech at anti-vaccine rally exploits Holocaust tragedy"</a>. The Hill. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/590995-auschwitz-memorial-says-rfk-jr-speech-at-anti-vaccine-rally-exploits">the original</a> on January 24, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022. <q>During a speech at the rally, Kennedy, a conspiracy theorist and prominent anti-vaxxer, warned of a massive surveillance network created with satellites in space and 5G mobile networks collecting data.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Auschwitz+Memorial+says+RFK+Jr.+speech+at+anti-vaccine+rally+exploits+Holocaust+tragedy&rft.date=2022-01-23&rft.aulast=Oshin&rft.aufirst=Olafimihan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fstate-watch%2F590995-auschwitz-memorial-says-rfk-jr-speech-at-anti-vaccine-rally-exploits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125193828/https://www.thewrap.com/cheryl-hines-rfk-jr-husband-holocaust-comparison/">"Cheryl Hines Blasts Husband RFK Jr. for Holocaust Remark"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheWrap" title="TheWrap">TheWrap</a>. January 25, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/cheryl-hines-rfk-jr-husband-holocaust-comparison/">the original</a> on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022. <q>Cheryl Hines has publicly condemned a statement made by her husband Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at a rally on Sunday, in which the environmental lawyer and conspiracy theorist likened COVID regulations to the Holocaust.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheWrap&rft.atitle=Cheryl+Hines+Blasts+Husband+RFK+Jr.+for+Holocaust+Remark&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewrap.com%2Fcheryl-hines-rfk-jr-husband-holocaust-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218183905/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/18/robert-f-kennedy-jr-cheryl-hines-party-vaccinated-guests">"Guests urged to be vaccinated at anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr's party"</a>. The Guardian. December 18, 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/18/robert-f-kennedy-jr-cheryl-hines-party-vaccinated-guests">the original</a> on December 18, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022. <q>The younger Kennedy has campaigned on environmental issues but is also a leading vaccines conspiracy theorist and activist against shots including those approved to combat Covid-19, which has killed more than 805,000 in the US and more than 5.3 million worldwide.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guests+urged+to+be+vaccinated+at+anti-vaxxer+Robert+F+Kennedy+Jr%27s+party&rft.date=2021-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fdec%2F18%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-cheryl-hines-party-vaccinated-guests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorn" class="citation magazine cs1">Dorn, Sara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230622172724/https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2023/06/06/rfk-jr-makes-unfounded-claims-about-mass-shootings-covid-19-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes/?sh=6ed5ac303acc">"RFK Jr. Makes Unfounded Claims About Mass Shootings, Covid-19: Here Are All The Conspiracies He Promotes"</a>. Forbes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2023/06/06/rfk-jr-makes-unfounded-claims-about-mass-shootings-covid-19-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes/">the original</a> on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=RFK+Jr.+Makes+Unfounded+Claims+About+Mass+Shootings%2C+Covid-19%3A+Here+Are+All+The+Conspiracies+He+Promotes&rft.aulast=Dorn&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsaradorn%2F2023%2F06%2F06%2Frfk-jr-makes-unfounded-claims-about-mass-shootings-covid-19-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/us/politics/rfk-conspiracy-theories-fact-check.html">"Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Conspiracy Theories Go Beyond Vaccines"</a>. The New York Times. July 6, 2023. Retrieved October 12, 2023. <q>Robert F. Kennedy Jr., an environmental lawyer, is a leading vaccine skeptic and purveyor of conspiracy theories who has leaned heavily on misinformation as he mounts his long-shot 2024 campaign for the Democratic nomination.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.%27s+Conspiracy+Theories+Go+Beyond+Vaccines&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F07%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frfk-conspiracy-theories-fact-check.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-mnookin-2017-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mnookin-2017_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mnookin-2017_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMnookin2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Mnookin, Seth (January 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-distorted-vaccine-science1/">"How Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Distorted Vaccine Science"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112025044/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-distorted-vaccine-science1/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2017. <q>For more than a decade, Kennedy has promoted anti-vaccine propaganda completely unconnected to reality.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=How+Robert+F.+Kennedy%2C+Jr.%2C+Distorted+Vaccine+Science&rft.date=2017-01-11&rft.aulast=Mnookin&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-robert-f-kennedy-jr-distorted-vaccine-science1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagourney2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Nagourney" title="Adam Nagourney">Nagourney, Adam</a> (February 26, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/us/robert-kennedy-covid-vaccine.html">"A Kennedy's Crusade Against Covid Vaccines Anguishes Family and Friends"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228163440/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/us/robert-kennedy-covid-vaccine.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Kennedy%27s+Crusade+Against+Covid+Vaccines+Anguishes+Family+and+Friends&rft.date=2022-02-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Nagourney&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F26%2Fus%2Frobert-kennedy-covid-vaccine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer20155–6-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer20155–6_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOppenheimer2015">Oppenheimer 2015</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy_Jr.1999" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert F. (1999). The Riverkeepers: Two Activists Fight to Reclaim Our Environment as a Basic Human Right. Scribner. p. 92. <q>... Virginia and Cape Cod (Massachusetts) homes of my youth</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Riverkeepers%3A+Two+Activists+Fight+to+Reclaim+Our+Environment+as+a+Basic+Human+Right&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Business/photos/newlyweds-cheryl-hines-robert-kennedy-jr-buy-malibu-25677704/image-25678078">"Newlyweds Cheryl Hines, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Buy Malibu Compound"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140925062836/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/photos/newlyweds-cheryl-hines-robert-kennedy-jr-buy-malibu-25677704/image-25678078">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2023. <q>in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, where he was raised</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newlyweds+Cheryl+Hines%2C+Robert+F.+Kennedy%2C+Jr.+Buy+Malibu+Compound&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FBusiness%2Fphotos%2Fnewlyweds-cheryl-hines-robert-kennedy-jr-buy-malibu-25677704%2Fimage-25678078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/rfk-hickory-hill-robert-and-ethel-kennedys-virginia-home/">"Hickory Hill: RFK's Virginia Home"</a>. PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502145106/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/rfk-hickory-hill-robert-and-ethel-kennedys-virginia-home/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hickory+Hill%3A+RFK%27s+Virginia+Home&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Frfk-hickory-hill-robert-and-ethel-kennedys-virginia-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer2015144-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer2015144_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOppenheimer2015">Oppenheimer 2015</a>, p. 144. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppenheimer2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Oppenheimer" title="Jerry Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer, Jerry</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rfkjrrobertfkenn0000oppe">RFK Jr.: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the Dark Side of the Dream</a>. St. Martin's Press. pp. 129–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-03295-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-03295-9"><bdi>978-1-250-03295-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908838847">908838847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RFK+Jr.%3A+Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.+and+the+Dark+Side+of+the+Dream&rft.pages=129-145&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908838847&rft.isbn=978-1-250-03295-9&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frfkjrrobertfkenn0000oppe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,949812,00.html">"Crash Landing For Bobby"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. September 26, 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Crash+Landing+For+Bobby&rft.date=1983-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C949812%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.backbonecampaign.org/cabinet/nominee.cfm?ID=62">The Backbone Cabinet – A Progressive Cabinet Roster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929042337/http://www.backbonecampaign.org/cabinet/nominee.cfm?ID=62">Archived</a> September 29, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Backbone Campaign. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer201527-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOppenheimer201527_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOppenheimer2015">Oppenheimer 2015</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy_Jr.2007" class="citation interview cs1">Kennedy Jr., Robert (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oprah.com/omagazine/oprah-interviews-robert-kennedy-jr/all">"Oprah Talks to Bobby Kennedy Jr"</a>. <a href="/wiki/O,_The_Oprah_Magazine" title="O, The Oprah Magazine">O, The Oprah Magazine</a> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>. Retrieved July 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=O%2C+The+Oprah+Magazine&rft.atitle=Oprah+Talks+to+Bobby+Kennedy+Jr.&rft.date=2007-02&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oprah.com%2Fomagazine%2Foprah-interviews-robert-kennedy-jr%2Fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorrin1969" class="citation news cs1">Storrin, Matt (June 7, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-folk-mass-honors-rfk/130357551/">"Folk Mass Honors RFK"</a>. The Boston Globe. p. 4 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Folk+Mass+Honors+RFK&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1969-06-07&rft.aulast=Storrin&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-boston-globe-folk-mass-honors-rfk%2F130357551%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/07/archives/robert-kennedys-words-sung-in-mass-marking-assassination.html">"Robert Kennedy's Words Sung In Mass Marking Assassination"</a>. The New York Times. June 7, 1970. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200113141004/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/07/archives/robert-kennedys-words-sung-in-mass-marking-assassination.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2020. Retrieved April 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy%27s+Words+Sung+In+Mass+Marking+Assassination&rft.date=1970-06-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F06%2F07%2Farchives%2Frobert-kennedys-words-sung-in-mass-marking-assassination.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovach1970" class="citation news cs1">Kovach, Bill (August 7, 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/08/07/archives/kennedy-shriver-boys-on-probation.html">"Kennedy, Shriver Boys on Probation"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502155353/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/08/07/archives/kennedy-shriver-boys-on-probation.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kennedy%2C+Shriver+Boys+on+Probation&rft.date=1970-08-07&rft.aulast=Kovach&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F08%2F07%2Farchives%2Fkennedy-shriver-boys-on-probation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/detail?itemid=ff0d556c9ee5da11af9f0014c2589dfb&mediatype=photo">"Robert Kennedy Jr. Marijuana"</a>. Associated Press. August 6, 1970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230502155353/https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/detail?itemid=ff0d556c9ee5da11af9f0014c2589dfb&mediatype=photo">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr.+Marijuana&rft.date=1970-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ap.org%2Feditorial-photos-videos%2Fdetail%3Fitemid%3Dff0d556c9ee5da11af9f0014c2589dfb%26mediatype%3Dphoto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaraborrelli2019" class="citation book cs1">Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2019). The Kennedy Heirs: John, Caroline, and the New Generation – A Legacy of Tragedy and Triumph. 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Even They May Not Know His Darkest Secrets"</a>. Vanity Fair. Retrieved July 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=RFK+Jr.%27s+Family+Doesn%27t+Want+Him+to+Run.+Even+They+May+Not+Know+His+Darkest+Secrets&rft.date=2024-07-02&rft.aulast=Hagan&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-shocking-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPI1989-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPI1989_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI1989_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI1989_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/08/20/Now-its-ADA-John-F-Kennedy-Jr/7659619588800">"Now it's ADA John F. Kennedy Jr"</a>. 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Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521063921/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/02/rfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Why+the+Arabs+Don%27t+Want+Us+in+Syria&rft.date=2016-02-22&rft.aulast=Kennedy+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2016%2F02%2Frfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-hailed-for-single-greatest-defense-of-israel-worth-three-minutes-of-your-time-101702960343411.html">"Robert F. Kennedy Jr hailed for 'single greatest defense of Israel': 'Worth three minutes of your time'"</a>. The Hindustan Times. December 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr+hailed+for+%27single+greatest+defense+of+Israel%27%3A+%27Worth+three+minutes+of+your+time%27&rft.date=2023-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fworld-news%2Fus-news%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-hailed-for-single-greatest-defense-of-israel-worth-three-minutes-of-your-time-101702960343411.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/robert-kennedy-presidential-campaign-war-military-spending/">"Robert Kennedy Jr. Is a Flawed Heretic"</a>. The Nation. July 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr.+Is+a+Flawed+Heretic&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fpolitics%2Frobert-kennedy-presidential-campaign-war-military-spending%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-moddip1-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moddip1_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moddip1_149-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/05/08/robert-kennedy-jr-lets-be-honest-its-a-us-war-against-russia/">"Robert Kennedy Jr: 'Let's be honest: it's a US war against Russia'"</a>. moderndiplomacy.eu. May 8, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520171046/https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/05/08/robert-kennedy-jr-lets-be-honest-its-a-us-war-against-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2023. Retrieved May 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=moderndiplomacy.eu&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr%3A+%27Let%27s+be+honest%3A+it%27s+a+US+war+against+Russia%27&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoderndiplomacy.eu%2F2023%2F05%2F08%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-lets-be-honest-its-a-us-war-against-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygraph.info/a/fact-check-robert-kennedy-jr-repeats-russia-s-false-justification-for-ukraine-war-/7138506.html">"Robert Kennedy Jr. Repeats Russia's False Justification for Ukraine War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygraph.info" title="Polygraph.info">Polygraph.info</a>. June 15, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr.+Repeats+Russia%27s+False+Justification+for+Ukraine+War&rft.pub=Polygraph.info&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygraph.info%2Fa%2Ffact-check-robert-kennedy-jr-repeats-russia-s-false-justification-for-ukraine-war-%2F7138506.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unherd1_quote4-151"><a href="#cite_ref-unherd1_quote4_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayers2023" class="citation web cs1">Sayers, Freddie (May 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/">"Robert Kennedy Jr: America needs a revolution"</a>. unherd.com. The Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511051430/https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023. <q>If you look at the Minsk accords, it sets the groundwork for a final settlement. The Donbas region, which is 80% ethnic Russian – and Russians that were being systematically killed by the Ukrainian government – would become autonomous within Ukraine and would be protected.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unherd.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr%3A+America+needs+a+revolution&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Freddie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funherd.com%2F2023%2F05%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 1974). "Poor Chile". Atlantic Monthly. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Kennedy Jr. Robert F. (February 25, 1979). "Plea to Pakistan". The Washington Post. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 23, 1979). "Legacy at Stake in Pakistan". The Boston Globe. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (December 16, 1975) "Politics and Assassinations". The Wall Street Journal </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (December 17, 2005). "America's anti-torture tradition". Los Angeles Times. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Congressional Record Index. (Vol 151 – Part 23). January 4, 2005 – December 30, 2005. by Senator Edward M. Kennedy, p. 2054. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_F._Kennedy_Jr.2016" class="citation news cs1">Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (February 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/02/rfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601">"Why the Arabs Don't Want Us in Syria"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200107222723/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/02/rfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Why+the+Arabs+Don%27t+Want+Us+in+Syria&rft.date=2016-02-22&rft.au=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2016%2F02%2Frfk-jr-why-arabs-dont-trust-america-213601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (February 25, 2016). "Syria: Another Pipeline War". EcoWatch. </li> <li id="cite_note-Unravel-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unravel_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unravel_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHains,_Tim2023" class="citation web cs1">Hains, Tim (June 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2023/06/15/robert_kennedy_jr_unravel_the_empire_of_us_military_bases_around_the_world.html">"Robert Kennedy Jr.: "Unravel The Empire" Of U.S. Military Bases Around The World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Real_Clear_Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Clear Politics">Real Clear Politics</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Clear+Politics&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr.%3A+%22Unravel+The+Empire%22+Of+U.S.+Military+Bases+Around+The+World&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.au=Hains%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fvideo%2F2023%2F06%2F15%2Frobert_kennedy_jr_unravel_the_empire_of_us_military_bases_around_the_world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unherd1_quote1-161"><a href="#cite_ref-unherd1_quote1_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayers2023" class="citation web cs1">Sayers, Freddie (May 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/">"Robert Kennedy Jr: America needs a revolution"</a>. unherd.com. The Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511051430/https://unherd.com/2023/05/robert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023. <q>I always have been. I spent 35 years as – I don't want to toot my own horn, but – arguably the leading environmentalist in the country.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unherd.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy+Jr%3A+America+needs+a+revolution&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Freddie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funherd.com%2F2023%2F05%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-america-needs-a-revolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennettCribb2015" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, William John; Cribb, John T.E. (September 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jruaBwAAQBAJ">America the Strong: Conservative Ideas to Spark the Next Generation</a>. Tyndale House Publishers. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1496409751" title="Special:BookSources/978-1496409751"><bdi>978-1496409751</bdi></a>. Retrieved June 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+the+Strong%3A+Conservative+Ideas+to+Spark+the+Next+Generation&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1496409751&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=William+John&rft.au=Cribb%2C+John+T.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjruaBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMull2014" class="citation web cs1">Mull, Teresa (September 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/speedreads/445746/robert-f-kennedy-jr-wants-law-punish-global-warming-skeptics">"Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wants a law to 'punish global warming skeptics'"</a>. The Week. Retrieved June 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.+wants+a+law+to+%27punish+global+warming+skeptics%27&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.aulast=Mull&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fspeedreads%2F445746%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-wants-law-punish-global-warming-skeptics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yahoo2-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yahoo2_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yahoo2_164-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-yahoo2_164-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZahn2020" class="citation web cs1">Zahn, Max (January 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/robert-kennedy-jr-on-climate-change-140205979.html">"Climate change is cost of society's 'addiction to coal and oil,' says Robert Kennedy Jr"</a>. finance.yahoo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521063921/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/robert-kennedy-jr-on-climate-change-140205979.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2023. Retrieved May 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=finance.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Climate+change+is+cost+of+society%27s+%27addiction+to+coal+and+oil%2C%27+says+Robert+Kennedy+Jr.&rft.date=2020-01-16&rft.aulast=Zahn&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-on-climate-change-140205979.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-irishcentral1-165"><a href="#cite_ref-irishcentral1_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishcentral.com/news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-climate-change">"Robert Kennedy, Jr says climate change will bring 'major disruptions' to civilization"</a>. irishcentral.com. January 17, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304212613/https://www.irishcentral.com/news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-climate-change">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2023. <q>Right now, we have a market that is governed by rules that were written by the carbon incumbents to reward the dirtiest, filthiest, most poisonous, most toxic, most war-mongering fields from hell, rather than the cheap, clean, green, wholesome, and patriotic fields from heaven. We need to rationalize our marketplace so that it does the things that market is supposed to do, which is to create a society that we're all proud of and that will sustain our children.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irishcentral.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Kennedy%2C+Jr+says+climate+change+will+bring+%27major+disruptions%27+to+civilization&rft.date=2020-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishcentral.com%2Fnews%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-climate-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-desmog1-166"><a href="#cite_ref-desmog1_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.desmog.com/2017/05/06/read-excerpt-horsemen-apocalypse-dick-russell/">"Read This Excerpt From 'Horsemen of the Apocalypse'"</a>. desmog.com. <a href="/wiki/DeSmog" title="DeSmog">DeSmog</a>. 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Retrieved September 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IrishCentral.com&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy%2C+Jr+makes+false+COVID+claims+in+live+talk+with+Alec+Baldwin&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishcentral.com%2Fnews%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-alec-baldwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2021" class="citation web cs1">Montgomery, Blake (January 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/robert-f-kennedy-jr-stoops-to-new-low-by-falsely-tying-hank-aarons-death-to-vaccine">"RFK Jr. Stoops to New Low by Falsely Tying Hank Aaron's Death to Vaccine"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216205211/https://www.thedailybeast.com/robert-f-kennedy-jr-stoops-to-new-low-by-falsely-tying-hank-aarons-death-to-vaccine">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021. <q>Hank Aaron's tragic death is part of a wave of suspicious deaths among elderly closely following administration of COVID vaccines. He received the Moderna vaccine on Jan. 5 to inspire other Black Americans to get the vaccine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=RFK+Jr.+Stoops+to+New+Low+by+Falsely+Tying+Hank+Aaron%27s+Death+to+Vaccine&rft.date=2021-01-23&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-stoops-to-new-low-by-falsely-tying-hank-aarons-death-to-vaccine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/coronavirus/2020/12/30/rdk-jr-niece-speaks-out-against-anti-covid-vaccine-stance">"RFK, Jr.'s niece speaks out against his COVID vaccine misinformation"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104064030/https://www.boston.com/news/coronavirus/2020/12/30/rdk-jr-niece-speaks-out-against-anti-covid-vaccine-stance">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=RFK%2C+Jr.%27s+niece+speaks+out+against+his+COVID+vaccine+misinformation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus%2F2020%2F12%2F30%2Frdk-jr-niece-speaks-out-against-anti-covid-vaccine-stance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2021" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Mannvi (February 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/10/instagram-removes-anti-vaxxer-robert-f-kennedy-jr">"Instagram removes anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr for false Covid-19 claims"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211055917/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/10/instagram-removes-anti-vaxxer-robert-f-kennedy-jr">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Instagram+removes+anti-vaxxer+Robert+F+Kennedy+Jr+for+false+Covid-19+claims&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Mannvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2021%2Ffeb%2F10%2Finstagram-removes-anti-vaxxer-robert-f-kennedy-jr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar2021" class="citation news cs1">Iyengar, Rishi (February 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/10/tech/robert-kennedy-jr-instagram-ban/index.html">"Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has been banned from Instagram"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211171417/https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/10/tech/robert-kennedy-jr-instagram-ban/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Kennedy+Jr.+has+been+banned+from+Instagram&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=Rishi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F02%2F10%2Ftech%2Frobert-kennedy-jr-instagram-ban%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostrous2020" class="citation news cs1">Mostrous, Alexi (September 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-robert-f-kennedy-jr-medical-misinformation/">"How a Kennedy became a 'superspreader' of hoaxes on COVID-19, vaccines, 5G and more"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211030922/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-robert-f-kennedy-jr-medical-misinformation/">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2021. <q>These posts include claims that 5G damages human DNA, causes cancer and is being installed in order to carry out mass surveillance. It's easy to see a motivation behind his sudden interest: 5G-related posts have garnered him more than 400,000 likes or other interactions.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=How+a+Kennedy+became+a+%27superspreader%27+of+hoaxes+on+COVID-19%2C+vaccines%2C+5G+and+more&rft.date=2020-09-16&rft.aulast=Mostrous&rft.aufirst=Alexi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fworld%2Farticle-robert-f-kennedy-jr-medical-misinformation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Real_Fauci-297">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Real_Fauci_297-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2021" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (November 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124070005/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Real_Anthony_Fauci.html?id=ApUfEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description">The Real Anthony Fauci: Bill Gates, Big Pharma, and the Global War on Democracy and Public Health</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781510766815" title="Special:BookSources/9781510766815"><bdi>9781510766815</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ApUfEAAAQBAJ">the original</a> on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Real+Anthony+Fauci%3A+Bill+Gates%2C+Big+Pharma%2C+and+the+Global+War+on+Democracy+and+Public+Health&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft.isbn=9781510766815&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DApUfEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanales2021" class="citation news cs1">Canales, Katie (July 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210726214328/https://www.businessinsider.com/robert-f-kennedy-jr-jfk-nephew-anti-vax-misinformation-facebook-2021-7">"How JFK's nephew became one of Facebook's most prolific anti-vax misinformation spreaders"</a>. 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Retrieved July 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=How+JFK%27s+nephew+became+one+of+Facebook%27s+most+prolific+anti-vax+misinformation+spreaders&rft.date=2021-07-25&rft.aulast=Canales&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-jfk-nephew-anti-vax-misinformation-facebook-2021-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZZ-299">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZZ_299-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZZ_299-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2021" class="citation news cs1">Müller, Katja (December 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/amp/english/robert-kennedys-new-book-is-full-of-covid-19-conspiracy-theories-ld.1658762">"The conspiracy-theorist Kennedy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung" title="Neue Zürcher Zeitung">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229050015/https://www.nzz.ch/amp/english/robert-kennedys-new-book-is-full-of-covid-19-conspiracy-theories-ld.1658762">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2021. Retrieved December 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.atitle=The+conspiracy-theorist+Kennedy&rft.date=2021-12-06&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Katja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Famp%2Fenglish%2Frobert-kennedys-new-book-is-full-of-covid-19-conspiracy-theories-ld.1658762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian-300">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_300-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_300-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jan/25/robert-f-kennedy-jr-vaccine-anne-frank">"Robert F Kennedy Jr apologizes for Anne Frank comparison in anti-vax speech"</a>. The Guardian. Associated Press. January 25, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125180739/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jan/25/robert-f-kennedy-jr-vaccine-anne-frank">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Robert+F+Kennedy+Jr+apologizes+for+Anne+Frank+comparison+in+anti-vax+speech&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2022%2Fjan%2F25%2Frobert-f-kennedy-jr-vaccine-anne-frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLash2021" class="citation news cs1">Lash, Jolie (December 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/dr-fauci-rfk-jr-shame-kennedys-disturbed-individual/">"Fauci Calls RFK Jr. A 'Very Disturbed Individual' over Career Attacks"</a>. Thewrap. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220720145744/https://www.thewrap.com/dr-fauci-rfk-jr-shame-kennedys-disturbed-individual/">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thewrap&rft.atitle=Fauci+Calls+RFK+Jr.+A+%27Very+Disturbed+Individual%27+over+Career+Attacks&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft.aulast=Lash&rft.aufirst=Jolie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewrap.com%2Fdr-fauci-rfk-jr-shame-kennedys-disturbed-individual%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2024" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Nick (July 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/4751459-fauci-criticizes-rfk-jr/">"Fauci on RFK Jr.: 'I don't know what's going on in his head, but it's not good'"</a>. The Hill. 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August 29, 2020, accessed September 1, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossZhubi2020" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Alexander Reid; Zhubi, Patricia (September 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/rfk-jrs-latest-anti-vaxx-stunt-backed-by-weird-pro-qanon-german-group-querdenken-711">"Inside the Weird Pro-QAnon German Group Behind RFK Jr.'s Latest Anti-Vaxx Stunt"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126032953/https://www.thedailybeast.com/rfk-jrs-latest-anti-vaxx-stunt-backed-by-weird-pro-qanon-german-group-querdenken-711">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Weird+Pro-QAnon+German+Group+Behind+RFK+Jr.%27s+Latest+Anti-Vaxx+Stunt&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Reid&rft.au=Zhubi%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Frfk-jrs-latest-anti-vaxx-stunt-backed-by-weird-pro-qanon-german-group-querdenken-711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlba2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Davey_Alba" title="Davey Alba">Alba, Davey</a> (September 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/29/technology/youtube-anti-vaxx-ban.html">"YouTube bans all anti-vaccine misinformation"</a>. 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Kennedy Jr., as part of an effort to remove all content that falsely claims that approved vaccines are dangerous.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=YouTube+bans+all+anti-vaccine+misinformation&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=Alba&rft.aufirst=Davey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F29%2Ftechnology%2Fyoutube-anti-vaxx-ban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanau2022" class="citation news cs1">Hanau, Shira (January 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/2022/01/24/politics/none-of-us-can-hide-rfk-jr-uses-holocaust-analogy-in-speech-at-anti-vaccine-mandate-rally">"'None of us can hide': RFK Jr. uses Holocaust analogy in speech at anti-vaccine mandate rally"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheraldry.org/pages/index.php?n=President.Kennedy">the original</a> on August 3, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Fitzgerald+Kennedy%2C+35th+President+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Heraldry+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheraldry.org%2Fpages%2Findex.php%3Fn%3DPresident.Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessler2024" class="citation news cs1">Kessler, Glenn (June 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/06/14/rfk-jrs-distorted-account-evidence-he-provided-cousins-case/">"RFK Jr.'s distorted account of evidence he provided in a cousin's case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved June 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=RFK+Jr.%27s+distorted+account+of+evidence+he+provided+in+a+cousin%27s+case&rft.date=2024-06-14&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F06%2F14%2Frfk-jrs-distorted-account-evidence-he-provided-cousins-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+F.+Kennedy+Jr." class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Robert F. 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Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.pace.edu/faculty/robert-kennedy">Pace Law School Profile</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231610/https://law.pace.edu/faculty/robert-kennedy">Archived</a> February 24, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Waterkeepers-Robert-F-Kennedy-Jr/dp/B01LXLQTXE">The Waterkeepers feature documentary (2000)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?41818">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://Muckrack.com/robert-f-kennedy-jr">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> on the Muck Rack journalist listing site <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352872#P6005" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/personalities/robert-f-kennedy-jr/">Robert F. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Template:Robert F. 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Kennedy Jr.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterkeeper_Alliance" title="Waterkeeper Alliance">Waterkeeper Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Health_Defense" title="Children's Health Defense">Children's Health Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/90px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/135px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/180px-Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="2780" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Riverkeepers" title="The Riverkeepers">The Riverkeepers</a> (1997 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_Against_Nature_(2004_book)" title="Crimes Against Nature (2004 book)">Crimes Against Nature</a> (2004 book)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadly_Immunity" title="Deadly Immunity">Deadly Immunity</a>" (2005 article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Anthony_Fauci" title="The Real Anthony Fauci">The Real Anthony Fauci</a> (2021 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_Liberals" title="A Letter to Liberals">A Letter to Liberals</a> (2022 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentary work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Adventure:_River_at_Risk" title="Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk">Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Racism:_The_New_Apartheid" title="Medical Racism: The New Apartheid">Medical Racism: The New Apartheid</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire_(radio_program)" title="Ring of Fire (radio program)">Ring of Fire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">2024 presidential campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a> (boyhood home)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a> (boyhood home)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Mountain" title="The Last Mountain">The Last Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family#Genealogy" title="Kennedy family">family tree</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson_Kennedy" title="Mary Richardson Kennedy">Mary Richardson Kennedy</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hines" title="Cheryl Hines">Cheryl Hines</a> (third wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Kennedy" title="Ethel Kennedy">Ethel Kennedy</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_Townsend" title="Kathleen Kennedy Townsend">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Joseph Patrick Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_LeMoyne_Kennedy" title="Michael LeMoyne Kennedy">Michael LeMoyne Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kerry Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_G._Kennedy" title="Christopher G. Kennedy">Christopher G. Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy" title="Max Kennedy">Max Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harriman_Kennedy" title="Douglas Harriman Kennedy">Douglas Harriman Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kennedy" title="Rory Kennedy">Rory Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Kennedy</a> (grandmother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Robert_F._Kennedy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Template:Robert F. 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Kennedy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968 <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">64th United States Attorney General, 1961–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">United States senator from New York, 1965–1968</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy%27s_1948_visit_to_Palestine" title="Robert F. Kennedy's 1948 visit to Palestine">1948 Palestine visit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Improper_Activities_in_Labor_and_Management" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management">Senate Committee investigation of Labor and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXCOMM" title="EXCOMM">ExComm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy#Civil_rights" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Civil rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin%E2%80%93Kennedy_meeting" title="Baldwin–Kennedy meeting">Baldwin–Kennedy meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Stuyvesant_Restoration_Corporation" title="Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation">Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_S._Clark%27s_and_Robert_F._Kennedy%27s_tour_of_the_Mississippi_Delta" title="Joseph S. Clark's and Robert F. Kennedy's tour of the Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill home</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/90px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/135px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg/180px-Robert_F_Kennedy_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="470" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="1964 United States Senate election in New York">1964 U.S. Senate election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign">1968 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler_Room_Girls" title="Boiler Room Girls">Boiler Room Girls</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_Address" title="Law Day Address">Law Day Address</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Affirmation_Address" title="Day of Affirmation Address">Day of Affirmation Address</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Vietnam_and_at_Home" title="Conflict in Vietnam and at Home">Conflict in Vietnam and at Home</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy%27s_remarks_at_the_University_of_Kansas" title="Robert F. Kennedy's remarks at the University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy%27s_speech_at_Ball_State_University" title="Robert F. Kennedy's speech at Ball State University">Ball State</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy%27s_speech_on_the_assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">On the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Mindless_Menace_of_Violence" title="On the Mindless Menace of Violence">"On the Mindless Menace of Violence"</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Enemy_Within_(Kennedy_book)" title="The Enemy Within (Kennedy book)">The Enemy Within</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pursuit_of_Justice" title="The Pursuit of Justice">The Pursuit of Justice</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Seek_a_Newer_World" title="To Seek a Newer World">To Seek a Newer World</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Days_(book)" title="Thirteen Days (book)">Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy">Assassination</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirhan_Sirhan" title="Sirhan Sirhan">Sirhan Sirhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Hotel_(Los_Angeles)" title="Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)">Ambassador Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_of_Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Grave of Robert F. Kennedy">Gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Department_of_Justice_Building" title="Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building">Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_silver_dollar" title="Robert F. Kennedy silver dollar">Robert F. Kennedy silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Human_Rights" title="Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights">Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Human_Rights_Award" title="Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award">Human Rights Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Journalism_Award" title="Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award">Journalism Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Center_for_Justice_and_Human_Rights#Book_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights">Book Award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_(Brooklyn)" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial (Brooklyn)">Brooklyn Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_for_Peace_Memorial" title="Landmark for Peace Memorial">Landmark for Peace Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dignity,_Equality,_and_Justice" title="Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice">Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy%E2%80%93King_College" title="Kennedy–King College">Kennedy–King College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Community_Schools" title="Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools">Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Bridge" title="Robert F. Kennedy Bridge">Robert F. Kennedy Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_in_media" title="Robert F. Kennedy in media">Robert F. Kennedy in media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis:_Behind_a_Presidential_Commitment" title="Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment">Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment</a> (1963 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennedy_Remembered" title="Robert Kennedy Remembered">Robert Kennedy Remembered</a> (1968 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham,_Martin_and_John" title="Abraham, Martin and John">"Abraham, Martin and John"</a> (1968 song)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Missiles_of_October" title="The Missiles of October">The Missiles of October</a> (1974 docudrama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_(1983_miniseries)" title="Kennedy (1983 miniseries)">Kennedy</a> (1983 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Feud_(1983_film)" title="Blood Feud (1983 film)">Blood Feud</a> (1983 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jack" title="Prince Jack">Prince Jack</a> (1985 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennedy_and_His_Times" title="Robert Kennedy and His Times">Robert Kennedy and His Times</a> (1985 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_vs._The_Kennedys" title="Hoover vs. The Kennedys">Hoover vs. The Kennedys</a> (1987 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Days_(film)" title="Thirteen Days (film)">Thirteen Days</a> (2000 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFK_(film)" title="RFK (film)">RFK</a> (2002 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_(2006_film)" title="Bobby (2006 film)">Bobby</a> (2006 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFK_Must_Die" title="RFK Must Die">RFK Must Die</a> (2007 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_(miniseries)" title="The Kennedys (miniseries)">The Kennedys</a> (2011 miniseries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_(film)" title="Ethel (film)">Ethel</a> (2012 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_Kennedy_(film)" title="Killing Kennedy (film)">Killing Kennedy</a> (2013 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_(2016_film)" title="Jackie (2016 film)">Jackie</a> (2016 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Kennedy_for_President" title="Bobby Kennedy for President">Bobby Kennedy for President</a> (2018 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Family,</a> <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family#Genealogy" title="Kennedy family">family tree</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Kennedy" title="Ethel Kennedy">Ethel Skakel</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_Townsend" title="Kathleen Kennedy Townsend">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Joseph Patrick Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_LeMoyne_Kennedy" title="Michael LeMoyne Kennedy">Michael LeMoyne Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kerry Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_G._Kennedy" title="Christopher G. Kennedy">Christopher G. Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy" title="Max Kennedy">Max Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harriman_Kennedy" title="Douglas Harriman Kennedy">Douglas Harriman Kennedy</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kennedy" title="Rory Kennedy">Rory Kennedy</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeve_Kennedy_McKean" title="Maeve Kennedy McKean">Maeve Kennedy McKean</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joseph P. Kennedy III</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy_Jr." title="Max Kennedy Jr.">Max Kennedy Jr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Kennedy</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (brother</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy" title="Rosemary Kennedy">Rosemary Kennedy</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Lawford" title="Patricia Kennedy Lawford">Patricia Kennedy Lawford</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kennedy_Smith" title="Jean Kennedy Smith">Jean Kennedy Smith</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Kennedy" title="P. J. Kennedy">Patrick J. Kennedy</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Augusta_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Augusta Kennedy">Mary Augusta Kennedy</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a> (grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Category:Robert F. Kennedy">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_family" title="Template:Kennedy family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_family" title="Template talk:Kennedy family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">I.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P._J._Kennedy_(1858–1929)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/P._J._Kennedy" title="P. J. Kennedy">P. J. Kennedy</a> (1858–1929)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. (m.) <a href="/wiki/Rose_Kennedy" title="Rose Kennedy">Rose Fitzgerald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_F._Kennedy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="588" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">II.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr._(1888–1969)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> (1888–1969)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Jr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li>John F. Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Bouvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Kennedy" title="Rosemary Kennedy">Rosemary Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_Marquess_of_Hartington" title="William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington">William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington</a></li> <li>Eunice Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></li> <li>Patricia Kennedy (m./div.) <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawford" title="Peter Lawford">Peter Lawford</a></li> <li>Robert F. Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Kennedy" title="Ethel Kennedy">Ethel Skakel</a></li> <li>Jean Kennedy (m.) <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Edward_Smith" title="Stephen Edward Smith">Stephen Edward Smith</a></li> <li>Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy (m./div. 1st) <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bennett_Kennedy" title="Joan Bennett Kennedy">Joan Bennett</a>; (m. 2nd) <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Reggie_Kennedy" title="Victoria Reggie Kennedy">Victoria Reggie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">III.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1917–1963)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kennedy" title="Caroline Kennedy">Caroline Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Schlossberg" title="Edwin Schlossberg">Edwin Schlossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="John F. Kennedy Jr.">John F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bessette-Kennedy" title="Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy">Carolyn Bessette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouvier_Kennedy" title="Patrick Bouvier Kennedy">Patrick Bouvier Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a> (1921–2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Shriver" title="Bobby Shriver">Bobby Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a> (m./div.) <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Shriver" title="Timothy Shriver">Timothy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Mark Kennedy Shriver">Mark Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shriver" title="Anthony Shriver">Anthony Shriver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Kennedy_Lawford" title="Patricia Kennedy Lawford">Patricia Kennedy Lawford</a> (1924–2006)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lawford" title="Christopher Lawford">Christopher Lawford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (1925–1968)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_Townsend" title="Kathleen Kennedy Townsend">Kathleen Kennedy Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Joseph P. Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (m./sep.) <a href="/wiki/Mary_Richardson_Kennedy" title="Mary Richardson Kennedy">Mary Richardson</a> (m. 3rd) <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Hines" title="Cheryl Hines">Cheryl Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_LeMoyne_Kennedy" title="Michael LeMoyne Kennedy">Michael LeMoyne Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Kennedy" title="Kerry Kennedy">Kerry Kennedy</a> (m./div.) <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_G._Kennedy" title="Christopher G. Kennedy">Christopher G. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy" title="Max Kennedy">Max Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harriman_Kennedy" title="Douglas Harriman Kennedy">Douglas Harriman Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kennedy" title="Rory Kennedy">Rory Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Mark_Bailey_(writer)" title="Mark Bailey (writer)">Mark Bailey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kennedy_Smith" title="Jean Kennedy Smith">Jean Kennedy Smith</a> (1928–2020)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_Smith" title="William Kennedy Smith">William Kennedy Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> (1932–2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Kennedy" title="Kara Kennedy">Kara Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Kennedy_Jr." title="Edward M. Kennedy Jr.">Edward M. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Kennedy" title="Patrick J. Kennedy">Patrick J. Kennedy</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Amy_Kennedy" title="Amy Kennedy">Amy Savell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IV.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schlossberg" title="Rose Schlossberg">Rose Kennedy Schlossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatiana_Schlossberg" title="Tatiana Schlossberg">Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Schlossberg" title="Jack Schlossberg">John Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Schwarzenegger" title="Katherine Schwarzenegger">Katherine Schwarzenegger</a> (m.) <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pratt" title="Chris Pratt">Chris Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Schwarzenegger" title="Patrick Schwarzenegger">Patrick Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joseph P. Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeve_Kennedy_McKean" title="Maeve Kennedy McKean">Maeve Kennedy McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kennedy_Jr." title="Max Kennedy Jr.">Max Kennedy Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Hill_(McLean,_Virginia)" title="Hickory Hill (McLean, Virginia)">Hickory Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Compound" title="Kennedy Compound">Kennedy Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_curse" title="Kennedy curse">Kennedy curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchandise_Mart" title="Merchandise Mart">Merchandise Mart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_(museum)" title="The Kennedys (museum)">The Kennedys (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_(miniseries)" title="The Kennedys (miniseries)">The Kennedys (miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys:_After_Camelot" title="The Kennedys: After Camelot">The Kennedys: After Camelot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kennedy_family" title="Category:Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_cabinet_of_President-elect_Donald_Trump_(incoming_2025)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Trump_cabinet" title="Template:Second Trump cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Trump_cabinet" title="Template talk:Second Trump cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Trump_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Trump cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_cabinet_of_President-elect_Donald_Trump_(incoming_2025)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second cabinet of Donald Trump">Second cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">President-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (incoming 2025)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a> (incoming 2025)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/100px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/200px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2850" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Bessent" title="Scott Bessent">Scott Bessent</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Pete Hegseth</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Bondi" title="Pam Bondi">Pam Bondi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Rollins" title="Brooke Rollins">Brooke Rollins</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lutnick" title="Howard Lutnick">Howard Lutnick</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer" title="Lori Chavez-DeRemer">Lori Chavez-DeRemer</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Turner_(politician)" title="Scott Turner (politician)">Scott Turner</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Duffy" title="Sean Duffy">Sean Duffy</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Wright_(energy_executive)" title="Chris Wright (energy executive)">Chris Wright</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_McMahon" title="Linda McMahon">Linda McMahon</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Collins_(politician)" title="Doug Collins (politician)">Doug Collins</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Zeldin" title="Lee Zeldin">Lee Zeldin</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Vought" title="Russell Vought">Russell Vought</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Director of the Central Intelligence Agency">Director of the Central Intelligence Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ratcliffe_(American_politician)" title="John Ratcliffe (American politician)">John Ratcliffe</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamieson_Greer" title="Jamieson Greer">Jamieson Greer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TBD</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TBD</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TBD</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Wiles" title="Susie Wiles">Susie Wiles</a> (incoming 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*Pending Senate confirmation See also: <a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump_in_his_second_term" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump in his second term">Political appointments by Donald Trump in his second term</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2020)_2024_United_States_presidential_election_(2028_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2024 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Foreign interference in the 2024 United States elections">Interference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Chinese interference in the 2024 United States elections">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2025 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">Protest votes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haley_Voters_for_Harris" title="Haley Voters for Harris">Haley Voters for Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dudes_for_Harris" title="White Dudes for Harris">White Dudes for Harris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew after primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jason_Palmer_(politician)" title="Jason Palmer (politician)">Jason Palmer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips" title="Dean Phillips">Dean Phillips</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Cenk Uygur</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_of_the_2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="Logistics of the 2024 Republican National Convention">logistics</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump">eligibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson" title="Trump v. Anderson">Trump v. Anderson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_JD_Vance" title="Political positions of JD Vance">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Binkley" title="Ryan Binkley">Ryan Binkley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Castro" title="John Anthony Castro">John Anthony Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_DeSantis" title="Political positions of Ron DeSantis">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Nikki Haley 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikki_Haley_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Nikki Haley 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Nikki_Haley" title="Political positions of Nikki Haley">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson" title="Asa Hutchinson">Asa Hutchinson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Asa Hutchinson 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._W._Jackson" title="E. W. Jackson">E. W. Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy" title="Vivek Ramaswamy">Vivek Ramaswamy</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Vivek Ramaswamy 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Doug Burgum 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Larry Elder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">Will Hurd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Perry Johnson (businessman)">Perry Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Laffey" title="Steve Laffey">Steve Laffey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Pence 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Pence" title="Political positions of Mike Pence">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Tim Scott 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Corey_Stapleton" title="Corey Stapleton">Corey Stapleton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Suarez" title="Francis Suarez">Francis Suarez</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2024 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Chase Oliver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Chase Oliver 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">Mike ter Maat</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rectenwald" title="Michael Rectenwald">Michael Rectenwald</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">Mike ter Maat</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Exotic" title="Joe Exotic">Joe Exotic</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Colorado" title="Libertarian Party of Colorado">LPCO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_Hampshire" title="Libertarian Party of New Hampshire">LPNH</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Party" title="Kentucky Party">KP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_National_Convention" title="2024 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Butch Ware</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew after primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Toler" title="Randy Toler">Randy Toler</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pastreich" title="Emanuel Pastreich">Emanuel Pastreich</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;; font-weight:normal">Independent ▌<a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">GMPJ</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legal_Marijuana_NOW_Party" title="Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party">NLMN</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">OPP</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/United_Citizens_Party" title="United Citizens Party">UCP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">UPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;; font-weight:normal">Independent (withdrawn) ▌<a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">AP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Delaware" title="Independent Party of Delaware">IPoD</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">NLP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">RPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Candidate: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Reform_National_Convention" title="2024 Reform National Convention">Reform Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Shanahan" title="Nicole Shanahan">Nicole Shanahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election">third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sonski" title="Peter Sonski">Peter Sonski</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sonski_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Peter Sonski 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Constitution_National_Convention" title="2024 Constitution National Convention">Convention</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Terry 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden" title="Stephen Broden">Stephen Broden</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c49334;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_American_Party_of_Nevada" title="Independent American Party of Nevada">Independent American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Minnesota_Legal_Marijuana_Now_presidential_primary" title="2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary">Primary</a></dd></dl> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Schuller" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Schuller">Dennis Schuller</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Reyes_(activist)" title="Rudy Reyes (activist)">Rudy Reyes</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ed_Forchion" title="Ed Forchion">Ed Forchion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krystal_Gabel" title="Krystal Gabel">Krystal Gabel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Reyes_(activist)" title="Rudy Reyes (activist)">Rudy Reyes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0b106b;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ebke" title="Laura Ebke">Laura Ebke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #9258B0;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FFF53B;"><a href="/wiki/Party_Party_of_Rhode_Island" title="Party Party of Rhode Island">Party Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">SCW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz" title="Claudia De la Cruz">Claudia De la Cruz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Claudia De la Cruz 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rachele_Fruit" title="Rachele Fruit">Rachele Fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity Party of America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Noel_Fiorino" title="Paul Noel Fiorino">Paul Noel Fiorino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Ayyadurai" title="Shiva Ayyadurai">Shiva Ayyadurai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Buss" title="Johnny Buss">Johnny Buss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Afroman" title="Afroman">Joseph "Afroman" Foreman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Marshall" title="Taylor Marshall">Taylor Marshall</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pastreich" title="Emanuel Pastreich">Emanuel Pastreich</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_efforts_to_disrupt_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election">Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States#2024" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fraudulent_pseudo-medicine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pseudo-medicine" title="Template:Pseudo-medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Advisory_and_Recovery_Team" title="Health Advisory and Recovery Team">Health Advisory and Recovery Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_for_Health" title="World Council for Health">World Council for Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Doctors_Alliance" title="World Doctors Alliance">World Doctors Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of discredited treatments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom_Party#Dolores_Cahill" title="Irish Freedom Party">Dolores Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Fiechtner" title="Heinrich Fiechtner">Heinrich Fiechtner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Jensen_(Minnesota_politician)" title="Scott Jensen (Minnesota politician)">Scott Jensen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Kory" title="Pierre Kory">Pierre Kory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ladapo" title="Joseph Ladapo">Joseph Ladapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aseem_Malhotra" title="Aseem Malhotra">Aseem Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Marik" title="Paul E. Marik">Paul Marik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_A._McCullough" title="Peter A. McCullough">Peter McCullough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fraud" title="List of types of fraud">list</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fraud" title="Category:Fraud">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352872#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352872#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352872#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114964773">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/103358509">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/21334/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhd7ty8PQGDPVtjcjjKVC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/140046771">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n77016927">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb18074781f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb18074781f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00816153">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49860420">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0266659&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10038886">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200702261">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811715556905606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007433872505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614633806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19805797?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1506634">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/140046771">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/096666803">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sn1d6j">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.&oldid=1259755250">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.&oldid=1259755250</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-zjw24","wgBackendResponseTime":4320,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.636","walltime":"4.089","ppvisitednodes":{"value":33761,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":880185,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27740,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":28,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1318922,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3511.442 1 -total"," 48.85% 1715.357 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.66% 690.234 158 Template:Cite_news"," 11.24% 394.810 101 Template:Cite_web"," 11.20% 393.324 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 5.64% 198.125 1 Template:2024_United_States_presidential_election"," 5.24% 184.128 4 Template:Sfn"," 4.27% 150.043 20 Template:Cite_book"," 3.85% 135.111 7 Template:Navbox"," 3.63% 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1,\n [\"CITEREFCCDH2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCabral2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCadeski2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanales2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsHolmesPellish2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFContrerasHolzman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper,_Jonathan_J.2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooperPriceSandoval2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorsi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCox2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCusick2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanner,_Chas2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis_O\u0026#039;BrienBrowning2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamondWeberDawseyScherer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorn\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorn2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunlapPerlez1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllisCasarez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarhad_Manjoo2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrell2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzsimmons,_Emma_G.2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFortinskyGraef2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoster2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibson2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGisotti2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldmacherTheodore2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolgowski2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorski2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorski2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoujard2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraziosi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenfield2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenhouse2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurley2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuynup2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHahn_Niman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHains,_Tim2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHakim2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHale_SpencerFichera2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanau2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayesKhouryNarayanNazir2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHernandez2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHershowitz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHicks2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHicks2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilburn2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHorovitz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunnicuttHolland2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIyengar2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamison2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamisonBroniatowskiDredze2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJourdan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaczynsky2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamisar2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKane1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasprak2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy,_Jr.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy,_Jr2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedySchaeffer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_Jr.1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_Jr.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_Jr.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_Jr.Hooker2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_Meltzer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_TownsendKennedyKennedy_McKean2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenney_·2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoenigShelton2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoster1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKovach1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLadden-Hall2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLash2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLauerman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeaney2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLebowitz,_Megan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLebowitzTraylorTabet2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLima2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLovley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahony2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalone2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManning2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMansfield2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMark_Leibovich2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAfee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNamara2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelvin1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerlan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMnookin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomery2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan,_Hudson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMostrous2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMull2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphyVenkataramakrishnanStacey2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMüller2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagourney2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNavasky2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNirappil2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNirenberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Sullivan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppenheimer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOransky2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOshin2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatricia_Winters_Lauro1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaulson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellish2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellish2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellishDovere2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPengelly2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillip,_AbbySun,_Lena_H.Bernstein,_Lenny2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhippenSteinhauser2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlait2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlotkinGerberOffit2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPool1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorterfield\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabin2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRay2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReich2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRinehart2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_F._Kennedy_Jr.2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_F._Kennedy_Jr.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_F._Kennedy_Jr.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobillard,_Kevin2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohter1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRossZhubi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoush2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuf2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSayers2023\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFSchaffer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmunk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegalov2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapero2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSmithSwenson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpear2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrikanth2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStecker2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStieb,_Matt2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStorrin1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrunsky2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSun2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwanHabermanGoldmacherDavis_O\u0026#039;Brien2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaraborrelli2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrueheart1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerKaczynski2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWadman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWechsler1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeir2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeisman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeissman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWendling2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerth2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWesoff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoletz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorth2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWorth2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYandell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYang2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZadroznyAdams2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZahn2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZelenyHulse2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZukowski2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFernest.luning@coloradopolitics.com2024\"] = 1,\n [\"RFKJ_Bear_Treisman_2024\"] = 1,\n [\"SamoaObserver_20190601\"] = 1,\n [\"WaPo_Samoa_measles_20191127\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"'s\"] = 1,\n [\"2024 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 31,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 159,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 101,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Kennedy, Robert F. Jr.\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Emblem table\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification span\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 7,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Kennedy family\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 3,\n [\"Muck Rack\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Proveit\"] = 1,\n [\"Pseudo-medicine\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Robert F. Kennedy\"] = 1,\n [\"Robert F. Kennedy Jr.\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 7,\n [\"Second Trump cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Secondary source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 10,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 4,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 2,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 21,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","480","20.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","11.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","240","10.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","7.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","160","7.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","100","4.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","4.3"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","100","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","80","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","3.5"],["[others]","540","23.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-zjw24","timestamp":"20241129163613","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Robert F. Kennedy Jr.","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr.","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1352872","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1352872","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-12T20:32:22Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T21:46:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Robert_F._Kennedy%2C_Jr._by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg","headline":"American politician, environmental lawyer, anti-vaccine activist, and conspiracy theorist (born 1954)"}</script> </body> </html>