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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Seudosiyensiya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Seudosiyensiya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Seudosiyensiya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Seudosiyensiya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_larangan_ng_tinuturing_na_seudosiyensya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_larangan_ng_tinuturing_na_seudosiyensya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga larangan ng tinuturing na seudosiyensya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mga_larangan_ng_tinuturing_na_seudosiyensya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Mga larangan ng tinuturing na seudosiyensya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mga_larangan_ng_tinuturing_na_seudosiyensya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parasikolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasikolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Parasikolohiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasikolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seudosiyensiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 81 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowetenskap" title="Pseudowetenskap – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pseudowetenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudociencia" title="Pseudociencia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pseudociencia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81" title="علم زائف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم زائف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B5_%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="صيونص د بلعاني – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="صيونص د بلعاني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seudociencia" title="Seudociencia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Seudociencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalan_elml%C9%99r" title="Yalan elmlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yalan elmlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seudosiyensya" title="Seudosiyensya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Seudosiyensya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псеўданавука – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Псеўданавука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псэўданавука – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Псэўданавука" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псевдонаука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Псевдонаука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="অপবিজ্ঞান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonauka" title="Pseudonauka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pseudonauka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoci%C3%A8ncia" title="Pseudociència – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pseudociència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%95%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="زڕزانست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زڕزانست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudov%C4%9Bda" title="Pseudověda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pseudověda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffugwyddoniaeth" title="Ffugwyddoniaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffugwyddoniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovidenskab" title="Pseudovidenskab – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pseudovidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowissenschaft" title="Pseudowissenschaft – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pseudowissenschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7" title="Ψευδοεπιστήμη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψευδοεπιστήμη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pseudoscience" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pse%C5%ADdoscienco" title="Pseŭdoscienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pseŭdoscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudociencia" title="Pseudociencia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pseudociencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoteadus" title="Pseudoteadus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pseudoteadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasizientzia" title="Sasizientzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sasizientzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="شبه‌علم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبه‌علم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4enn%C3%A4istiede" title="Näennäistiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Näennäistiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovakadidike" title="Pseudovakadidike – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Pseudovakadidike" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudov%C3%ADsindi" title="Pseudovísindi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pseudovísindi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pseudoscience" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowittenskip" title="Pseudowittenskip – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pseudowittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudociencia" title="Pseudociencia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pseudociencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9B%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="છદ્મવિજ્ઞાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="છદ્મવિજ્ઞાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="פסאודו-מדע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסאודו-מדע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="छद्म विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="छद्म विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoznanost" title="Pseudoznanost – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pseudoznanost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ltudom%C3%A1ny" title="Áltudomány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Áltudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscientia" title="Pseudoscientia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pseudoscientia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_semu" title="Ilmu semu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu semu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A1fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Hjáfræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjáfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscienza" title="Pseudoscienza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pseudoscienza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%96%91%E4%BC%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="疑似科学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="疑似科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Псевдоғылым – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Псевдоғылым" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="유사과학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유사과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientia_falsa" title="Scientia falsa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scientia falsa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudosiensa" title="Pseudosiensa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pseudosiensa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomokslas" title="Pseudomokslas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pseudomokslas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseidozin%C4%81tne" title="Pseidozinātne – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pseidozinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псевдонаука – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Псевдонаука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="കപടശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കപടശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="छद्म विज्ञान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="छद्म विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudosains" title="Pseudosains – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pseudosains" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudowetenschap" title="Pseudowetenschap – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pseudowetenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovitskap" title="Pseudovitskap – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pseudovitskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovitenskap" title="Pseudovitenskap – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pseudovitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਿਥਿਆ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਥਿਆ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonauka" title="Pseudonauka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pseudonauka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoci%C3%AAncia" title="Pseudociência – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pseudociência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanqa_hamut%27ay" title="Yanqa hamut'ay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yanqa hamut'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo%C8%99tiin%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Pseudoștiință – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pseudoștiință" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псевдонаука – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Псевдонаука" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псевдонаука – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Псевдонаука" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonauka" title="Pseudonauka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pseudonauka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%A7_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%84_%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4" title="නවීන විද්‍යාවට අනුකූල නොවන දැණුම සහ ශිල්ප – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නවීන විද්‍යාවට අනුකූල නොවන දැණුම සහ ශිල්ප" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pseudoscience" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoveda" title="Pseudoveda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pseudoveda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psevdoznanost" title="Psevdoznanost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Psevdoznanost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoshkenca" title="Pseudoshkenca – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pseudoshkenca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псеудонаука – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Псеудонаука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovetenskap" title="Pseudovetenskap – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pseudovetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayansi_bandia" title="Sayansi bandia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sayansi bandia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="போலி அறிவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போலி அறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="วิทยาศาสตร์เทียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาศาสตร์เทียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6zdebilim" title="Sözdebilim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sözdebilim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псевдонаука – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Псевдонаука" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%DB%81_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85" title="شبہ علم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شبہ علم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soxta_fan" title="Soxta fan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Soxta fan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%A5y_khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Ngụy khoa học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngụy khoa học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="伪科学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伪科学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="伪科学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伪科学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AE-s%C5%AB_kho-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Gî-sū kho-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gî-sū kho-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="假科學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="假科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q483677#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seudosiyensiya" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Seudosiyensiya" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><p>Ang <b>seudosiyensya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i>pseudociencia</i>; <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles">Ingles</a>: <i>pseudoscience</i>; mula sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego">Griyego</a>: <i>Ψευδοεπιστήμη</i> (<i>Psevdoepistími</i>) na nangangahulugang "agham na bulaan") ay isang <a href="/wiki/Pahayag" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahayag">pahayag</a> (claim), paniniwala (belief), o <a href="/wiki/Kaugalian" title="Kaugalian">kaugalian</a> (practice) na ipiniprisentang <a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">pang-agham</a>, ngunit hindi sumunod sa mga <a href="/wiki/Pamamaraang_makaagham" title="Pamamaraang makaagham">pang-agham na pamamaraan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang isang sangay, pagsasanay, o kalipunan ng kaalaman ay maaaring makatwirang matawag na pseudoscientific kapag ito ay ipiniprisentang kapareho sa mga <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_(sociology)" class="extiw" title="en:Norm (sociology)">kaugalian</a> ng makaagham na pananaliksik, ngunit bigo itong matugunan ang mga kaugaliang iyon.<sup id="cite_ref-Cover_Curd_1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cover_Curd_1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang pseudoscience ay madalas na nailalarawan sa mga sumusunod: pasalungat, malabis o <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability" class="extiw" title="en:Falsifiability">hindi mapatunayang pahayag</a>; labis na pananalig sa <a href="/wiki/Pagkiling_sa_kompirmasyon" title="Pagkiling sa kompirmasyon">pagkumpirma</a> sa halip na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability" class="extiw" title="en:Falsifiability">ang mahigpit na pagtatangka sa pagpapabulaan</a>; kakulangan ng pagiging bukas sa pagsusuri ng iba pang eksperto sa field; at ang kawalan ng sistema ng mga kasanayan sa makatwirang pagbuo ng teorya. Ang terminong <i>pseudoscience</i> ay madalas na itinuturing na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pejorative" class="extiw" title="en:Pejorative">nakakasira</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hill_Trouble_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill_Trouble-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dahil ito ay nagmumungkahi ng ang isang bagay ay hindi tumpak o mapaglinlang na inilalarawan bilang agham. Alinsunod dito, ang mga sinasabing nagsasanay o nagtataguyod ng pseudoscience ay madalas na nilalaban ang ganitong mga paglalarawan.<sup id="cite_ref-SEP_section_SciPse_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEP_section_SciPse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang agham ay maibubukod sa <a href="/wiki/Pagsisiwalat" title="Pagsisiwalat">pahayag</a> (revelation), <a href="/wiki/Teolohiya" title="Teolohiya">teolohiya</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Espiritwalidad" title="Espiritwalidad">kabanalan</a> (spirituality) dahil nag-aalok ito ng kaalaman (insight) sa pisikal na mundo na nakuha sa pamamagitan ng <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical" class="extiw" title="en:Empirical">empirikal na</a> pananaliksik at pagsubok.<sup id="cite_ref-Gould_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gould-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa mga karaniwang paniniwala sa <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_science" class="extiw" title="en:Popular science">mga popular na agham</a> (popular science) ay hindi maaaring matugunan ang mga pamantayan ng agham.<sup id="cite_ref-Pendle_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pendle-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maaring pinapalabo ng "pop science" ang dibisyon ng agham at pseudoscience sa masa, at maaari ring kasangkot ang <a href="/wiki/Kathang-isip_na_salaysaying_pang-agham" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathang-isip na salaysaying pang-agham">science fiction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pendle_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pendle-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang paniniwalang pseudoscientific ay laganap, kahit na sa mga guro ng agham at editor ng pahayagan.<sup id="cite_ref-Art-Hobson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art-Hobson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarcation_problem" class="extiw" title="en:Demarcation problem">paghihiwalay</a> sa pagitan ng agham at pseudoscience ay implikasyong <a href="/wiki/Pilosopiya" title="Pilosopiya">pilosopiko</a> at <a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">pang-agham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Imre-Lakatos_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Imre-Lakatos-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pagtukoy sa pagkakaiba ng science mula sa pseudoscience may praktikal na implikasyon sa <a href="/wiki/Pangangalagang_pangkalusugan" title="Pangangalagang pangkalusugan">pangangalaga ng kalusugan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_witness" class="extiw" title="en:Expert witness">dalubhasang patotoo</a> (expert testimony), <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental policy">patakaran sa kapaligiran</a>, at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_education" class="extiw" title="en:Science education">edukasyon pang-agham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford-Demarcations_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-Demarcations-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pagtatangi sa katototahan at teoryang makaagham mula sa paniniwalang pseudoscientific tulad ng matatagpuan sa <a href="/wiki/Astrolohiya" title="Astrolohiya">astrolohiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkimiya" title="Alkimiya">alchemy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quackery" class="extiw" title="en:Quackery">medikal na pandaraya</a> (medical quakery), paniniwalang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occult" class="extiw" title="en:Occult">occult</a>, at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_science" class="extiw" title="en:Creation science">creation science</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stanford-Demarcations_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-Demarcations-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> na sinamahan ng konseptong pang-agham, ay bahagi ng edukasyong pang-agham at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literacy" class="extiw" title="en:Scientific literacy">scientific literacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hurd_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_larangan_ng_tinuturing_na_seudosiyensya">Mga larangan ng tinuturing na seudosiyensya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seudosiyensiya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga larangan ng tinuturing na seudosiyensya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seudosiyensiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mga larangan ng tinuturing na seudosiyensya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasikolohiya">Parasikolohiya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seudosiyensiya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Parasikolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seudosiyensiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Parasikolohiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang parasikolohiya ay ang pag-aaral ng mga <a href="/wiki/Kababalaghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kababalaghan">kababalaghang</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">sikiko</a>. Ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penomena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penomena (hindi pa naisusulat)">penomenang</a> ito ay kinasasangkutan ng pagpapalitan ng impormasyon sa pagitan ng isang tao at ng kapaligiran, na hindi ginagamitan ng limang mga <a href="/wiki/Sistemang_pandama" title="Sistemang pandama">pandama</a>. Kabilang dito ang persepsiyong ekstrasensoryo (katulad ng <a href="/wiki/Telepatiya" title="Telepatiya">telepatiya</a>), impluwensiya ng <a href="/wiki/Isipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isipan">isipan</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Materya" title="Materya">materya</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikokinesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikokinesis (hindi pa naisusulat)">sikokinesis</a>), maanomalyang mga karanasan (katulad ng mga <a href="/wiki/Reinkarnasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Reinkarnasyon">karanasan sa dating buhay</a> at mga karanasan ng halos pagsapit ng kamatayan) at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparisyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparisyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">aparisyon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seudosiyensiya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seudosiyensiya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordnik.com/words/pseudoscience">"Wordnik, pseudoscience"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wordnik%2C+pseudoscience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wordnik.com%2Fwords%2Fpseudoscience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cover_Curd_1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cover_Curd_1998_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cover JA, Curd M (Eds, 1998) <i>Philosophy of Science: The Central Issues</i>, 1–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill_Trouble-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hill_Trouble_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHill2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, Sharon (Enero 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/the_trouble_with_pseudoscience/">"The Trouble with Pseudoscience—It Can Be a Catastrophe"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skeptical_Inquirer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skeptical Inquirer (hindi pa naisusulat)">Skeptical Inquirer</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">Abril 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Trouble+with+Pseudoscience%E2%80%94It+Can+Be+a+Catastrophe&rft.date=2013-01-30&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fspecialarticles%2Fshow%2Fthe_trouble_with_pseudoscience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEP_section_SciPse-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SEP_section_SciPse_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHansson2008" class="citation web cs1">Hansson, Sven Ove (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/#SciPse">"Science and Pseudoscience Section 2: The "science" of pseudoscience"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Science+and+Pseudoscience+Section+2%3A+The+%22science%22+of+pseudoscience&rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Hansson&rft.aufirst=Sven+Ove&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fpseudo-science%2F%23SciPse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gould-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gould_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGould1997" class="citation web cs1">Gould, Stephen Jay (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104061453/http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/gould_noma.html">"Nonoverlapping magisteria"</a>. <i>Natural History</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/gould_noma.html">orihinal</a> noong 2017-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2016-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+History&rft.atitle=Nonoverlapping+magisteria&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Jay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stephenjaygould.org%2Flibrary%2Fgould_noma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pendle-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pendle_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pendle_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPendle" class="citation web cs1">Pendle, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214144307/http://www.popularscience.co.uk/features/feat20.htm">"Popular Science Feature – When Science Fiction is Science Fact"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularscience.co.uk/features/feat20.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2006-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2016-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popular+Science+Feature+%E2%80%93+When+Science+Fiction+is+Science+Fact&rft.aulast=Pendle&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularscience.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Ffeat20.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="tl" dir="ltr">Maling banggit (Invalid na <code><ref></code> tag; maraming beses na binigyang-kahulugan ang pangalang "Pendle" na may iba't ibang nilalaman); $2</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Art-Hobson-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Art-Hobson_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFArt_Hobson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Art Hobson (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824105754/http://physics.uark.edu/hobson/pubs/00.12.JCST.pdf">"Teaching Relevant Science for Scientific Literacy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of College Science Teaching</i>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.uark.edu/hobson/pubs/00.12.JCST.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 2011-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">2016-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+College+Science+Teaching&rft.atitle=Teaching+Relevant+Science+for+Scientific+Literacy&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Art+Hobson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.uark.edu%2Fhobson%2Fpubs%2F00.12.JCST.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Imre-Lakatos-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Imre-Lakatos_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Imre Lakatos, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/philosophy/About/lakatos/scienceAndPseudoscience.aspx">Science and Pseudoscience</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/philosophy/About/lakatos/scienceAndPseudoscienceTranscript.aspx">Science and Pseudoscience (transcript)</a>, Dept of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method, 1973.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanford-Demarcations-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stanford-Demarcations_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Stanford-Demarcations_9-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hansson, Sven Ove (September 3, 2008). </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurd-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hurd_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHurd_PD1998" class="citation journal cs1">Hurd PD (Hunyo 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science-education_1998-06_82_3/page/407">"Scientific Literacy: New Minds for a Changing World"</a>. <i>Science Education</i>. <b>82</b> (3): 407–416. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-237X%28199806%2982%3A3%3C407%3A%3AAID-SCE6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G">10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199806)82:3<407::AID-SCE6>3.0.CO;2-G</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Education&rft.atitle=Scientific+Literacy%3A+New+Minds+for+a+Changing+World&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=407-416&rft.date=1998-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-237X%28199806%2982%3A3%3C407%3A%3AAID-SCE6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G&rft.au=Hurd+PD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_science-education_1998-06_82_3%2Fpage%2F407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ASeudosiyensiya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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