CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Clay Aldas</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Clay Aldas"> <meta name="keywords" content="Clay Aldas"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Clay Aldas" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Clay Aldas"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 612</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Clay Aldas</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">612</span> New Approach to Encapsulated Clay/Wax Nanocomposites Inside Polystyrene Particles via Minemulstion Polymerization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagi%20Greesh">Nagi Greesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study highlights a new method to obtain multiphase composites particles containing hydrophobic (wax) and inorganic (clay) compounds. Multiphase polystyrene-clay-wax nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. Styrene monomer were polymerized in the presence of different wax-clay nanocomposites concentrations in miniemulsion. Wax-clay nanocomposites were firstly obtained through ultrasonic mixing at a temperature above the melting point of the wax at different clay loadings. The obtained wax-clay nanocomposites were then used as filler in the preparation of polystyrene-wax-clay nanocomposites via miniemulsion polymerization. The particles morphology of PS/wax-clay nanocomposites latexes was mainly determined by Transmission Electron Microscopy ( TEM) , core/shell morphology was clearly observed, with the encapsulation of most wax-clay nanocomposites inside the PS particles. On the other hand, the morphology of the PS/wax-clay nanocomposites (after film formation) ranged from exfoliated to intercalated structures, depending on the percentage of wax-clay nanocomposites loading. This strategy will allow the preparation materials with tailored properties for specific applications such as paint coatings and adhesives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer-wax" title="polymer-wax">polymer-wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraffin%20wax" title=" paraffin wax"> paraffin wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miniemulsion" title=" miniemulsion"> miniemulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%2Fshell" title=" core/shell"> core/shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169298/new-approach-to-encapsulated-claywax-nanocomposites-inside-polystyrene-particles-via-minemulstion-polymerization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">611</span> Valorization of Clay Material in the Road Sector By Adding Granulated Recycled Plastic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouaaz%20Oum%20Essaad">Ouaaz Oum Essaad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melbouci%20Bachir"> Melbouci Bachir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The experimental study conducted has a dual purpose: to valorize the clay material in the road domain and improve the lift of the shape layers by strengthening with plastic waste (in the form of aggregates). To do this, six mixtures of Clay and sand of different percentages were studied: 100% Clay, 95% Clay + 05% Sand, 90% Clay + 10% Sand, 85% Clay + 15% Sand, 80% Clay + 20% Sand, 75% Clay + 25% Sand. Proctor compaction and simple compression tests have been carried out on mixtures (sand + clay + plastic waste). The results obtained show a clear evolution of the characteristics of the Proctor test and the compressive strength of the mixtures according to the different types and percentages of the recycled plastic Plasticity and consistency index are important parameters that play a role in the toughness of plastic soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorization" title="valorization">valorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mixture" title=" soil mixture"> soil mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20tests" title=" mechanical tests"> mechanical tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163504/valorization-of-clay-material-in-the-road-sector-by-adding-granulated-recycled-plastic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">610</span> Clay Mineralogy of Mukdadiya Formation in Shewasoor Area: Northeastern Kirkuk City, Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20R.%20Ali">Abbas R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20A.%20Bayiz"> Diana A. Bayiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 14 mudstone samples were collected within the sedimentary succession of Mukdadiya Formation (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene) from Shewasoor area at Northeastern Iraq. The samples were subjected to laboratory studies including mineralogical analysis (using X-ray Diffraction technique) in order to identify the clay mineralogy of Mukdadiya Formation of both clay and non-clay minerals. The results of non-clay minerals are: quartz, feldspar and carbonate (calcite and dolomite) minerals. The clay minerals are: montmorillonite, kaolinite, palygorskite, chlorite, and illite by the major basal reflections of each mineral. The origins of these minerals are deduced also. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukdadiya%20Formation" title="Mukdadiya Formation">Mukdadiya Formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mudstone" title=" mudstone"> mudstone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shewasoor" title=" Shewasoor"> Shewasoor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45853/clay-mineralogy-of-mukdadiya-formation-in-shewasoor-area-northeastern-kirkuk-city-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">609</span> Red Clay Properties and Application for Ceramic Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruedee%20Niyomrath">Ruedee Niyomrath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed at surveying the local red clay raw material sources in Samut Songkram province, Thailand to test the physical and chemical properties of the local red clay, including to find the approach to develop the local red clay properties for ceramic production. The findings of this research would be brought to apply in the ceramic production industry of the country all at the upstream level which was the community in the raw material source, at the mid water level which was the ceramic producer and at the downstream level which was the distributor and the consumer as well as the community producer who would apply them to their identity and need of the community business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20properties%20of%20red%20clay" title="chemical properties of red clay">chemical properties of red clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties%20of%20red%20clay" title=" physical properties of red clay"> physical properties of red clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20production" title=" ceramic production"> ceramic production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20clay%20product" title=" red clay product"> red clay product</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10206/red-clay-properties-and-application-for-ceramic-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">608</span> CO₂ Capture by Clay and Its Adsorption Mechanism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jedli%20Hedi">Jedli Hedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hedfi%20Hachem"> Hedfi Hachem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdessalem%20Jbara"> Abdessalem Jbara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slimi%20Khalifa"> Slimi Khalifa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural and modified clay were used as an adsorbent for CO2 capture. Sample of clay was subjected to acid treatments to improve their textural properties, namely, its surface area and pore volume. The modifications were carried out by heating the clays at 120 °C and then by acid treatment with 3M sulphuric acid solution at boiling temperature for 10 h. The CO2 adsorption capacities of the acid-treated clay were performed out in a batch reactor. It was found that the clay sample treated with 3M H2SO4 exhibited the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (16.29–24.68 m2/g) and pore volume (0.056–0.064 cm3/g). After the acid treatment, the CO2 adsorption capacity of clay increased. The CO2 adsorption capacity of clay increased after the acid treatment. The CO2 adsorption by clay, were characterized by SEM, FTIR, ATD-ATG and BET method. For describing the phenomenon of CO2 adsorption for these materials, the adsorption isotherms were modeled using the Freundlich and Langmuir models. CO2 adsorption isotherm was found attributable to physical adsorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20treatment" title=" acid treatment"> acid treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20capture" title=" CO2 capture"> CO2 capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20mechanism" title=" adsorption mechanism"> adsorption mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72338/co2-capture-by-clay-and-its-adsorption-mechanism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">607</span> Comparative Studies of Modified Clay/Polyaniline Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Zeggai">Fatima Zohra Zeggai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Carbonnier"> Benjamin Carbonnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A%C3%AFcha%20Hachemaoui"> Aïcha Hachemaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Yahiaoui"> Ahmed Yahiaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Mahouche-Chergui"> Samia Mahouche-Chergui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Salmi"> Zakaria Salmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A series of polyaniline (PANI)/modified Montmorillonite (MMT) Clay nanocomposite materials have been successfully prepared by In-Situ polymerization in the presence of modified MMT-Clay or Diazonium-MMT-Clay. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized and compared by various physicochemical techniques. The presence of physicochemical interaction, probably hydrogen bonding, between clay and polyaniline, which was confirmed by FTIR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of neat PANI and a series of the obtained nanocomposites were also studied by cyclic voltammograms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline" title="polyaniline">polyaniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20polymerization" title=" in-situ polymerization"> in-situ polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymers%20conductors" title=" polymers conductors"> polymers conductors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diazonium%20salt" title=" diazonium salt"> diazonium salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17853/comparative-studies-of-modified-claypolyaniline-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">606</span> The High Efficiency of Cationic Azo Dye Removal Using Raw, Purified and Pillared Clay from Algerian Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20%20Ramdani">Amina Ramdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20%20Kadeche"> Abdelkader Kadeche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoubida%20%20Taleb"> Zoubida Taleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safia%20%20Taleb"> Safia Taleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this present study is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of a dye, Malachite green, on a local Algerian montmorillonite clay mineral (raw, purified and Cr-pillared). Various parameters influencing the dye adsorption process ie contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of dye, pH of the solution and temperature. Cr pillared clay has been obtained with a better surface character than purified and natural clay. An increase in basal spacing from 12.45 Å (Mont-Na) to 22.88 Å (Mont-PLCr), surface area from 67 m2 /g (Mont-Na) to 102 m2 /g (Mont-PLCr). The experimental results show that the dye adsorption kinetic were fast: 5 min for Cr-pillared clay mineral, and 30 min for raw and purified clay mineral (RC and Mont-Na). The removal efficiency on Mont-PLCr (98.64%) is greater than that of Mont-Na (86.20%) and RC (82.09%). The acidity and basicity of the medium considerably affect the adsorption of the dye. It attained its maximum at pH 4.8. The equilibrium and kinetic data were found to ﬁt well the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dye%20removal" title="Dye removal">Dye removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pillared%20clay" title=" pillared clay"> pillared clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherm" title=" isotherm"> isotherm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121475/the-high-efficiency-of-cationic-azo-dye-removal-using-raw-purified-and-pillared-clay-from-algerian-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121475.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">605</span> Comparative Study of Traditional Old and Recent Clay Bricks in the Southwest of Tunisia: Chemical, Mineralogical and Physical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Majouri">N. Majouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sghaier"> J. Sghaier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Mankibi"> M. El Mankibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The history of brick manufacturing in south-west Tunisia dates back 1000 years. Most of the bricks are made at local workshops near to the clay supply site. This experimental study aims at studying and comparing the chemical, mineralogical and physical characterization of ancient and recent clay bricks in south-western Tunisia. This was done by collecting a large sample of clay brick specimens from four sites. There was much variability in the properties. The results revealed that there is a difference of up to 50% between old and new bricks; in chemical composition, mineralogy composition and porosity, which are much lower in recent clay bricks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20bricks" title="clay bricks">clay bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20properties" title=" chemical properties"> chemical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogical%20properties" title=" mineralogical properties"> mineralogical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20properties" title=" physical properties"> physical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165401/comparative-study-of-traditional-old-and-recent-clay-bricks-in-the-southwest-of-tunisia-chemical-mineralogical-and-physical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">604</span> Adsorbent Removal of Oil Spills Using Bentonite Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Mohamed%20Elsaid%20Abdelrahman">Saad Mohamed Elsaid Abdelrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adsorption method is one of the best modern techniques used in removing pollutants, especially organic hydrocarbon compounds, from polluted water. Through this research, bentonite clay can be used to remove organic hydrocarbon compounds, such as heptane and octane, resulting from oil spills in seawater. Bentonite clay can be obtained from the Kholayaz area, located north of Jeddah, at a distance of 80 km. Chemical analysis shows that bentonite clay consists of a mixture of silica, alumina and oxides of some elements. Bentonite clay can be activated in order to raise its adsorption efficiency and to make it suitable for removing pollutants using an ionic organic solvent. It is necessary to study some of the factors that could be in the efficiency of bentonite clay in removing oily organic compounds, such as the time of contact of the clay with heptane and octane solutions, pH and temperature, in order to reach the highest adsorption capacity of bentonite clay. The temperature can be a few degrees Celsius higher. The adsorption capacity of the clay decreases when the temperature is raised more than 4°C to reach its lowest value at the temperature of 50°C. The results show that the friction time of 30 minutes and the pH of 6.8 is the best conditions to obtain the highest adsorption capacity of the clay, 467 mg in the case of heptane and 385 mg in the case of octane compound. Experiments conducted on bentonite clay were encouraging to select it to remove heavy molecular weight pollutants such as petroleum compounds under study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbent" title="adsorbent">adsorbent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bentonite%20clay" title=" bentonite clay"> bentonite clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20spills" title=" oil spills"> oil spills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal" title=" removal"> removal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163185/adsorbent-removal-of-oil-spills-using-bentonite-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">603</span> Model Studies on Use of Coal Mine Waste and Modified Clay Soil as Fill Material for Embankments and Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suresh">K. Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Padmavathi"> M. Padmavathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Darga%20Kumar"> N. Darga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to investigate the significance of coal mine waste and improved clay soil when used as a fill and for the construction of embankment. To determine the bearing capacities of coal mine waste and improved clay soil apart from laboratory tests, PLAXIS 2D software is used to make the analysis simpler. Depending upon the bearing capacities obtained for different cases, the conclusion can be obtained. Load carrying capacities are determined for coal mine waste, clay and by altering their height ratio when clay (H2) is at the bottom and coal mine waste (H1) is on the top with three different cases (H = 0.25H1 + 0.75H2, 0.5H1 + 0.5H2, 0.75H1 + 0.25H2) in addition to this bearing capacity of improved clay soil (by replacing clay with 10% CMW, 30% CMW and 50% CMW, in addition, Polycom) is also determined. The safe height of the embankment that can be constructed with the improved clay for different slopes, i.e., for 1:1, 1.5: 1, 2: 1, is also determined by using PLAXIS 2D software by limiting the Factor of safety to 1.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title="cohesion">cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20shearing%20resistance" title=" angle of shearing resistance"> angle of shearing resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20consolidation" title=" coefficient of consolidation"> coefficient of consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine%20waste" title=" coal mine waste"> coal mine waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192602/model-studies-on-use-of-coal-mine-waste-and-modified-clay-soil-as-fill-material-for-embankments-and-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">602</span> Clay Develop Plasticity With Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boualla%20Nabila">Boualla Nabila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems created by the water in Civil Engineering are sometimes neglected or often badly posed when they are not completely ignored, and yet they are fundamental as regards both the conditions of execution of the worksites and the stability. Several damages were caused by the infiltration of water in the soils, in particular in clay regions which can swell under the effect of an increase in their water content as in the case of the Oued Tlelat clay which is made up of yellow-colored marly clays and red-colored El Maleh area. This study was carried out on soil from a site, located near the city of Oran and the city of Ain Tmouchent (northern Algeria) where we encounter many problems of cracking of buildings and bottom uplift of excavations. The study consists first of all in determining the mechanical and physical characteristics of the clay, namely the parameters of sheer, simple compression, and that of the odometer. Then the study focused on a comparison of the influence of water type on the mechanical and physical properties of swelling clay soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidity%20limit" title=" liquidity limit"> liquidity limit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20limit" title=" plastic limit"> plastic limit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150577/clay-develop-plasticity-with-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> Model Studies on Shear Behavior of Reinforced Reconstituted Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Mir">B. A. Mir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Juneja"> A. Juneja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, shear behavior of reconstituted clay reinforced with varying diameter of sand compaction piles with area replacement-ratio (a<sub>s</sub>) of 6.25, 10.24, 16, 20.25 and 64% in 100mm diameter and 200mm long clay specimens is modeled using consolidated drained and undrained triaxial tests under different confining pressures ranging from 50kPa to 575kPa. The test results show that the stress-strain behavior of the clay was highly influenced by the presence of SCP. The insertion of SCPs into soft clay has shown to have a positive effect on the load carrying capacity of the clay, resulting in a composite soil mass that has greater shear strength and improved stiffness compared to the unreinforced clay due to increased reinforcement area ratio. In addition, SCP also acts as vertical drain in the clay thus accelerating the dissipation of excess pore water pressures that are generated during loading by shortening the drainage path and activating radial drainage, thereby reducing post-construction settlement. Thus, sand compaction piles currently stand as one of the most viable and practical techniques for improving the mechanical properties of soft clays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20clay" title="reconstituted clay">reconstituted clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCP" title=" SCP"> SCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain%20response" title=" stress-strain response"> stress-strain response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triaxial%20tests" title=" triaxial tests"> triaxial tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35225/model-studies-on-shear-behavior-of-reinforced-reconstituted-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> The Effect of Nanoclay on Long Term Performance of Asphalt Concrete Pavement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Khodadadi">A. Khodadadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasani"> Hasani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salehi"> Salehi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advantages of using modified asphalt binders are widely recognized—primarily, improved rutting resistance, reduced fatigue cracking and less cold-temperature cracking. Nanoclays are known to enhance the properties of many polymers. Nanoclays are used to improve modulus and tensile strength, flame resistance and thermal and structural properties of many materials. This paper intends to investigate the application and development of nano-technological concepts for bituminous materials and asphalt pavements. The application of nano clay on the fatigue life of asphalt pavement have not been yet thoroughly understood. In this research, two type of highway asphalt materials, dense Marshall specimens, with 2% nano clay and without nano clay, were employed for the fatigue behavior of the asphalt pavement.The effect of nano additive on the performance of flexible pavements has been investigated through the indirect tensile test for the samples prepared with 2% nano clay and without nano clay in four stress levels from 200–500 kPa. The primary results indicated samples with 2% nano clay have almost double or even more fatigue life in most of stress levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nano%20clay" title="Nano clay">Nano clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asphalt" title=" Asphalt"> Asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life"> fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18838/the-effect-of-nanoclay-on-long-term-performance-of-asphalt-concrete-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> Nano Composite of Clay and Modified Ketonic Resin as Fire Retardant Polyol for Polyurethane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20%C3%96nen">D. Önen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lcan"> N. Kızılcan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z"> B. Yıldız</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Akar"> A. Akar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In situ modified cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resins were prepared by addition of alendronic acid during resin preparation. Clay nanocomposites in ketonic resins were achieved by adding clay into the flask at the beginning of the resin preparation. The prepared resins were used for the synthesis of fire resistant polyurethanes foam. Both phosphorous containing modifier compound alendronic acid and nanoclay increases fire resistance of the cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin thus polyurethane produced from these resins. The effect of the concentrations of alendronic acid and clay on the fire resistance and physical properties of polyurethanes was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alendronic%20acid" title="alendronic acid">alendronic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketonic%20resin" title=" ketonic resin"> ketonic resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title=" polyurethane"> polyurethane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23492/nano-composite-of-clay-and-modified-ketonic-resin-as-fire-retardant-polyol-for-polyurethane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> Characterizing the Diffused Double Layer Properties of Clay Minerals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Saranya">N. Saranya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The difference in characteristic behavior of clay minerals for different electrolyte solution is dictated by the corresponding variation occurring at its diffused double layer thickness (DDL). The diffused double layer of clay mineral has two distinct regions; the inner region is termed as ‘Stern layer’ where ions are strongly attached to the clay surface. In the outer region, the ions are not strongly bonded with the clay surface, and this region is termed as ‘diffuse layer’. Within the diffuse layer, there is a plane that forms a boundary between the moving ions and the ions attached to the clay surface, which is termed as slipping or shear plane, and the potential of this plane is defined as zeta potential (ζ). Therefore, the variation in diffused double layer properties of clay mineral for different electrolyte solutions can be modeled if the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential are computed. In view of this, the present study has attempted to characterize the diffused double layer properties of three different clay minerals interacting with different pore fluids by measuring the corresponding variation in surface charge, surface potential, and zeta potential. Further, the obtained variation in the diffused double layer property is compared with the Gouy-Chapman model, which is the widely accepted theoretical model to characterize the diffused double layer properties of clay minerals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDL" title="DDL">DDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20charge" title=" surface charge"> surface charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20potential" title=" surface potential"> surface potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388/characterizing-the-diffused-double-layer-properties-of-clay-minerals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> Characterization and Evaluation of South West Tunisian Clay Types as Insulation of Building Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najah%20Majouri">Najah Majouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20El%20Mankibi"> Mohamed El Mankibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalila%20Sghaier"> Jalila Sghaier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the geotechnical, mineralogical, thermal and physical characterization of clays in south-west Tunisia. Its aims are to elaborate an insulator material based on the clay used in the field of building materials. The geotechnical study showed that the clay studied is characterized by a high degree of plasticity of 30.83%. High mineralogical findings showed that the sample consisted mainly of kaonolite and other clay minerals. The thermal and physical properties of the different samples are obtained by mixing clays, which indicates a promising future for the use of this type of clays in the production of insulating building materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title="clay">clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-saving" title=" energy-saving"> energy-saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulator%20material" title=" insulator material"> insulator material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20South-West%20Tunisia." title=" and South-West Tunisia."> and South-West Tunisia.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165403/characterization-and-evaluation-of-south-west-tunisian-clay-types-as-insulation-of-building-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> Influence of Milled Waste Glass to Clay Ceramic Foam Properties Made by Direct Foaming Route </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Shishkin">A. Shishkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Mironovs"> V. Mironovs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Goljandin"> D. Goljandin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Korjakins"> A. Korjakins</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this work is to develop sustainable and durable ceramic cellular structures using widely available natural resources- clay and milled waste glass. Present paper describes method of obtaining clay ceramic foam (CCF) with addition of milled waste glass in 5, 7 and 10 wt% by direct foaming with high speed mixer-disperser (HSMD). For more efficient clay and waste glass milling and mixing, the high velocity disintegrator was used. The CCF with 5, 7, and 10 wt% were obtained at 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C firing temperature and they have demonstrated mechanical compressive strength for all 12 samples ranging from 3.8 to 14.3 MPa and porosity 76-65%. Obtained CCF has compressive strength 14.3 MPa and porosity 65.3%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20foam" title="ceramic foam">ceramic foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20glass" title=" waste glass"> waste glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20foam" title=" clay foam"> clay foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20foam" title=" glass foam"> glass foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20cell" title=" open cell"> open cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20foaming" title=" direct foaming"> direct foaming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41910/influence-of-milled-waste-glass-to-clay-ceramic-foam-properties-made-by-direct-foaming-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> Mineralogical Study of the Triassic Clay of Maaziz and the Miocene Marl of Akrach in Morocco: Analysis and Evaluating of the Two Geomaterials for the Construction of Ceramic Bricks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20El%20Kasmi">Sahar El Kasmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayoub%20Aziz"> Ayoub Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saadia%20Lharti"> Saadia Lharti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20El%20Janati"> Mohammed El Janati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boubker%20Boukili"> Boubker Boukili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nacer%20El%20Motawakil"> Nacer El Motawakil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayom%20Chol%20Luka%20Awan"> Mayom Chol Luka Awan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two types of geomaterials (Red Triassic clay from the Maaziz region and Yellow Pliocene clay from the Akrach region) were used to create different mixtures for the fabrication of ceramic bricks. This study investigated the influence of the Pliocene clay on the overall composition and mechanical properties of the Triassic clay. The red Triassic clay, sourced from Maaziz, underwent various mechanical processes and treatments to facilitate its transformation into ceramic bricks for construction. The triassic clay was subjected to a drying chamber and a heating chamber at 100°C to remove moisture. Subsequently, the dried clay samples were processed using a Planetary Babs ll Mill to reduce particle size and improve homogeneity. The resulting clay material was sieved, and the fine particles below 100 mm were collected for further analysis. In parallel, the Miocene marl obtained from the Akrach region was fragmented into finer particles and subjected to similar drying, grinding, and sieving procedures as the triassic clay. The two clay samples are then amalgamated and homogenized in different proportions. Precise measurements were taken using a weighing balance, and mixtures of 90%, 80%, and 70% Triassic clay with 10%, 20%, and 30% yellow clay were prepared, respectively. To evaluate the impact of Pliocene marl on the composition, the prepared clay mixtures were spread evenly and treated with a water modifier to enhance plasticity. The clay was then molded using a brick-making machine, and the initial manipulation process was observed. Additional batches were prepared with incremental amounts of Pliocene marl to further investigate its effect on the fracture behavior of the clay, specifically their resistance. The molded clay bricks were subjected to compression tests to measure their strength and resistance to deformation. Additional tests, such as water absorption tests, were also conducted to assess the overall performance of the ceramic bricks fabricated from the different clay mixtures. The results were analyzed to determine the influence of the Pliocene marl on the strength and durability of the Triassic clay bricks. The results indicated that the incorporation of Pliocene clay reduced the fracture of the triassic clay, with a noticeable reduction observed at 10% addition. No fractures were observed when 20% and 30% of yellow clay are added. These findings suggested that yellow clay can enhance the mechanical properties and structural integrity of red clay-based products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triassic%20clay" title="triassic clay">triassic clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pliocene%20clay" title=" pliocene clay"> pliocene clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogical%20composition" title=" mineralogical composition"> mineralogical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-materials" title=" geo-materials"> geo-materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramics" title=" ceramics"> ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=akach%20region" title=" akach region"> akach region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maaziz%20region" title=" maaziz region"> maaziz region</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morocco." title=" morocco."> morocco.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171399/mineralogical-study-of-the-triassic-clay-of-maaziz-and-the-miocene-marl-of-akrach-in-morocco-analysis-and-evaluating-of-the-two-geomaterials-for-the-construction-of-ceramic-bricks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> Effect of Plastic Fines on Undrained Behavior of Clayey Sands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Talamkhani">Saeed Talamkhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhassan%20Naeini"> Seyed Abolhassan Naeini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the occurrence of several liquefactions in sandy soils containing various values of clay content has shown that in addition to silty sands, clayey sands are also susceptible to liquefaction. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the properties of these soil compositions and their behavioral characteristics. This paper presents the effect of clay fines on the undrained shear strength of sands at various confining pressures. For this purpose, a series of unconsolidated undrained triaxial shear tests were carried out on clean sand and sand mixed with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 percent of clay fines. It was found that the presence of clay particle in sandy specimens change the dilative behavior to contraction. The result also showed that increasing the clay fines up to 10 percent causes to increase the potential for liquefaction, and decreases it at higher values fine content. These results reveal the important role of clay particles in changing the undrained strength of the sandy soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clayey%20sand" title="clayey sand">clayey sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title=" liquefaction"> liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triaxial%20test" title=" triaxial test"> triaxial test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undrained%20shear%20strength" title=" undrained shear strength "> undrained shear strength </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93873/effect-of-plastic-fines-on-undrained-behavior-of-clayey-sands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> Effect of Low Plastic Clay Quantity on Behavioral Characteristics of Loose Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roza%20Rahbari">Roza Rahbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the Nigatta earthquake in Japan, in 1960, the liquefaction and its related hazards, moved to the thick of matter. Most of the research have been carried out on clean sands and silty sands so far, in order to study the effect of fine particles, confinement pressures, density and so on. However, because of this delusion that adhesiveness of clay prevents the liquefaction in sand, studies on clayey sands have not been taken seriously. However, several liquefactions happened in clayey sands in recent years, and lead to the necessity of more studies in this field. The studies which were carried out so far focused on high plastic clays. In this paper, the effect of low plasticity clays on the behavioral characteristics of sands is discussed. Thus, some triaxial tests were carried out on clean sands and clayey sands with different percentages of added clay. Specimens were compacted in various densities to study the effect of quantity of clay on various densities, too. Based on the findings, the amount of clay affects the behavior of sand greatly and leads to substantial changes in peak bearing capacity and steady state values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefaction" title="liquefaction">liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triaxial" title=" triaxial"> triaxial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monotonic" title=" monotonic"> monotonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39528/effect-of-low-plastic-clay-quantity-on-behavioral-characteristics-of-loose-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> Effect of Pulverised Burnt Clay Waste Fineness on the Compressive Strength of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Onaivi%20Ajayi">Emmanuel Onaivi Ajayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adewumi%20John%20Babafemi"> Adewumi John Babafemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of supplementary cementitious materials as partial replacement for cement is steadily increasing in the construction industry. Concrete produced with these materials has shown significant improvement in durability compared to conventional concrete. However, blended cement concretes produced using these supplementary materials typically gain compressive strength at later ages beyond the 28-day, and this does not favour its use when early age strength is required. Improving the fineness of the supplementary materials could be a way to improving the strength performance of its blended cement concrete. In this paper, the effect of pulverised burnt clay waste fineness on the compressive strength of concrete has been investigated. Two different fineness of pulverised burnt clay waste classified as coarse and fine portions were obtained by sieving the original pulverised burnt clay waste portion through sieve sizes No. 100 (150 µm) and No. 200 (75 µm), respectively. Pulverised burnt clay waste dosages of 0% (control), 10% and 20% by weight of binder were used in producing the concrete mixtures. It is found that the compressive strength of the concrete depends on the fineness and proportion of pulverised burnt clay waste. The result shows improvement in compressive strength at all curing ages with the fine portion pulverised burnt clay waste having the highest strength and improved early age compressive strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulverized%20burnt%20clay%20waste" title="pulverized burnt clay waste">pulverized burnt clay waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplementary%20cementitious%20materials" title=" supplementary cementitious materials"> supplementary cementitious materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolans" title=" pozzolans"> pozzolans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fineness" title=" fineness"> fineness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74375/effect-of-pulverised-burnt-clay-waste-fineness-on-the-compressive-strength-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Clay Palm Press: A Technique of Hand Building in Ceramics for Developing Conceptual Forms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okewu%20E.%20Jonathan">Okewu E. Jonathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are several techniques of production in the field of ceramics. These different techniques overtime have been categorised under three methods of production which includes; casting, throwing and hand building. Hand building method of production is further broken down into other techniques and they include coiling, slabbing and pinching. Ceramic artists find the different hand building techniques to be very interesting, practicable and rewarding. This has encouraged ceramic artist in their various studios at different levels to experiment for further hand building techniques that could be unique and unusual. The art of <em>“Clay Palm Press”</em> is a development from studio experiment in a quest for uniqueness in conceptual ceramic practise. Clay palm press is a technique that requires no formal tutelage but at the same time, it is not easily comprehensible when viewed. It is a practice of putting semi-solid clay in the palm and inserting a closed fist pressure so as to take the imprint of the human palm. This clay production from the palm when dried, fired and explored into an art, work reveals an absolute awesomeness of what the palm imprint could result in. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramics" title="ceramics">ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20palm%20press" title=" clay palm press"> clay palm press</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20forms" title=" conceptual forms"> conceptual forms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20building" title=" hand building"> hand building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technique" title=" technique"> technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87630/clay-palm-press-a-technique-of-hand-building-in-ceramics-for-developing-conceptual-forms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> An Evaluation on the Methodology of Manufacturing High Performance Organophilic Clay at the Most Efficient and Cost Effective Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Nur%20Izati%20Azmi">Siti Nur Izati Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zatil%20Afifah%20Omar"> Zatil Afifah Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathi%20Swaran"> Kathi Swaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navin%20Kumar"> Navin Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organophilic Clays, also known as Organoclays, is used as a viscosifier in Oil based Drilling fluids. Most often, Organophilic clay are produced from modified Sodium and Calcium based Bentonite. Many studies and data show that Organophilic Clay using Hectorite based clays provide the best yield and good fluid loss properties in an oil-based drilling fluid at a higher cost. In terms of the manufacturing process, the two common methods of manufacturing organophilic clays are a Wet Process and a Dry Process. Wet process is known to produce better performance product at a higher cost while Dry Process shorten the production time. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the various formulation of an organophilic clay and its performance vs. the cost, as well as to determine the most efficient and cost-effective method of manufacturing organophilic clays. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organophilic%20clay" title="organophilic clay">organophilic clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosifier" title=" viscosifier"> viscosifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20process" title=" wet process"> wet process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20process" title=" dry process"> dry process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139529/an-evaluation-on-the-methodology-of-manufacturing-high-performance-organophilic-clay-at-the-most-efficient-and-cost-effective-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> Integrated Geotechnical and Geophysical Investigation of a Proposed Construction Site at Mowe, Southwestern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kayode%20Festus%20Oyedele">Kayode Festus Oyedele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunday%20Oladele"> Sunday Oladele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adaora%20Chibundu%20Nduka"> Adaora Chibundu Nduka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subsurface of a proposed site for building development in Mowe, Nigeria, using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) supplemented with Horizontal Electrical Profiling (HEP) was investigated with the aim of evaluating the suitability of the strata for foundation materials. Four SPT and CPT were implemented using 10 tonnes hammer. HEP utilizing Wenner array were performed with inter-electrode spacing of 10 – 60 m along four traverses coincident with each of the SPT and CPT. The HEP data were processed using DIPRO software and textural filtering of the resulting resistivity sections was implemented to enable delineation of hidden layers. Sandy lateritic clay, silty lateritic clay, clay, clayey sand and sand horizons were delineated. The SPT “N” value defined very soft to soft sandy lateritic (<4), stiff silty lateritic clay (7 – 12), very stiff silty clay (12 - 15), clayey sand (15- 20) and sand (27 – 37). Sandy lateritic clay (5-40 kg/cm2) and silty lateritic clay (25 - 65 kg/cm2) were defined from the CPT response. Sandy lateritic clay (220-750 Ωm), clay (< 50 Ωm) and sand (415-5359 Ωm) were delineated from the resistivity sections with two thin layers of silty lateritic clay and clayey sand defined in the texturally filtered resistivity sections. This study concluded that the presence of incompetent thick clayey materials (18 m) beneath the study area makes it unsuitable for shallow foundation. Deep foundation involving piling through the clayey layers to the competent sand at 20 m depth was recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20penetrometer" title="cone penetrometer">cone penetrometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithologic%20texture" title=" lithologic texture"> lithologic texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity%20section" title=" resistivity section"> resistivity section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20penetration%20test" title=" standard penetration test"> standard penetration test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55897/integrated-geotechnical-and-geophysical-investigation-of-a-proposed-construction-site-at-mowe-southwestern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">588</span> Rubber Crumbs in Alkali Activated Clay Roof Tiles at Low Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aswin%20Kumar%20Krishnan">Aswin Kumar Krishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yat%20Choy%20Wong"> Yat Choy Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reiza%20Mukhlis"> Reiza Mukhlis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zipeng%20Zhang"> Zipeng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arul%20Arulrajah"> Arul Arulrajah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuous increase in vehicle uptake escalates the number of rubber tyre waste which need to be managed to avoid landfilling and stockpiling. The present research focused on the sustainable use of rubber crumbs in clay roof tiles. The properties of roof tiles composed of clay, rubber crumbs, NaOH, and Na₂SiO₃ with a 10% alkaline activator were studied. Tile samples were fabricated by heating the compacted mixtures at 50°C for 72 hours, followed by a higher heating temperature of 200°C for 24 hours. The effect of rubber crumbs aggregates as a substitution for the raw clay materials was investigated by varying their concentration from 0% to 2.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses have been conducted to study the phases and microstructures of the samples. It was found that the optimum rubber crumbs concentration was at 0.5% and 1%, while cracks and larger porosity were found at higher crumbs concentrations. Water absorption and compressive strength test results demonstrated that rubber crumbs and clay satisfied the standard requirement for the roof tiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20crumbs" title="rubber crumbs">rubber crumbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roof%20tiles" title=" roof tiles"> roof tiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaline%20activators" title=" alkaline activators"> alkaline activators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159923/rubber-crumbs-in-alkali-activated-clay-roof-tiles-at-low-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">587</span> Determination of Small Shear Modulus of Clayey Sand Using Bender Element Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sadeghzadegan">R. Sadeghzadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Naeini"> S. A. Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mirzaii"> A. Mirzaii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the results of a series of carefully conducted laboratory test program were represented to determine the small strain shear modulus of sand mixed with a range of kaolinite including zero to 30%. This was experimentally achieved using a triaxial cell equipped with bender element. Results indicate that small shear modulus tends to increase, while clay content decreases and effective confining pressure increases. The exponent of stress in the power model regression analysis was not sensitive to the amount of clay content for all sand clay mixtures, while coefficient A was directly affected by change in clay content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20shear%20modulus" title="small shear modulus">small shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bender%20element%20test" title=" bender element test"> bender element test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20fines" title=" plastic fines"> plastic fines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78616/determination-of-small-shear-modulus-of-clayey-sand-using-bender-element-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">586</span> Clay Effect on PET/Clay and PEN/Clay Nanocomposites Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Zouai">F. Zouai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Benabid"> F. Z. Benabid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bouhelal"> S. Bouhelal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benachour"> D. Benachour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced plastics or nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention in scientific and industrial fields because a very small amount of clay can significantly improve the properties of the polymer. The polymeric matrices used in this work are two saturated polyesters, i.e., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The success of processing compatible blends, based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ethylene naphthalene) (PEN)/clay nanocomposites in one step by reactive melt extrusion is described. Untreated clay was first purified and functionalized ‘in situ’ with a compound based on an organic peroxide/ sulfur mixture and (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) as the activator for sulfur. The PET and PEN materials were first separately mixed in the molten state with functionalized clay. The PET/4 wt% clay and PEN/7.5 wt% clay compositions showed total exfoliation. These compositions, denoted nPET and nPEN, respectively, were used to prepare new n(PET/PEN) nanoblends in the same mixing batch. The n(PET/PEN) nanoblends were compared to neat PET/PEN blends. The blends and nanocomposites were characterized using various techniques. Microstructural and nanostructural properties were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the exfoliation of tetrahedral clay nanolayers is complete, and the octahedral structure totally disappears. It was shown that total exfoliation, confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements, contributes to the enhancement of impact strength and tensile modulus. In addition, WAXS results indicated that all samples are amorphous. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the occurrence of one glass transition temperature Tg, one crystallization temperature Tc and one melting temperature Tm for every composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exfoliation" title="exfoliation">exfoliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DRX" title=" DRX"> DRX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSC" title=" DSC"> DSC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=montmorillonite" title=" montmorillonite"> montmorillonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEN" title=" PEN"> PEN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PET" title=" PET"> PET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastograph" title=" plastograph"> plastograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20melt-mixing" title=" reactive melt-mixing"> reactive melt-mixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49203/clay-effect-on-petclay-and-penclay-nanocomposites-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">585</span> Study of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)-Clay Nanocomposites Prepareted by Extrusion Reactive Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Zouai">F. Zouai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Z.%20Benabid"> F. Z. Benabid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bouhelal"> S. Bouhelal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Benachour"> D. Benachour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method for the exfoliation of polyethylene terephtalate (PET) - clay nanocomposites has been reported in this study. Montmorillonite clay based polyethylene terephtalate nanocomposites were prepared by reactive melt-mixing. To achieve this, untreated clay was first functionalized with the crosslinking agent compound based mainly on peroxide/sulphur and TMTD as accelerator or activator for sulphur. Furthermore, the different blends composition of PET/clay were directly mixed in melt state in closed chamber of plastograph at given working conditions for short time and in one step process. To investigate the microstructure modification and thermal, mechanical and rheological properties the DSC, WAXS, microhardness, FTIR and tensile properties were performed. The resulting structure of the modified samples shows that total exfoliation appears at 4% w/w of clay to PET matrices. The crystallinity and tensile modulus were correlated by the H microhardness and the DSC shows no significant effect on the cristallinity degree. The mechanical properties were improved significantly. The viscosity decreases for 4% clay and the activation energy is the minimum. The WAXS measurement shows a partial exfoliation without any intercalation which is the most relevant point. The grafting of organic to inorganic nanolayers was observed by Si—O—C and Si—C bonds by FTIR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PET" title="PET">PET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=montmorillonite" title=" montmorillonite"> montmorillonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exfoliation" title=" exfoliation"> exfoliation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20melt-mixing" title=" reactive melt-mixing"> reactive melt-mixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6668/study-of-polyethylene-terephthalate-clay-nanocomposites-prepareted-by-extrusion-reactive-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">584</span> An Overview of Sludge Utilization into Fired Clay Brick</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aeslina%20Binti%20Abdul%20Kadir">Aeslina Binti Abdul Kadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shayuti%20Bin%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Ahmad Shayuti Bin Abdul Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brick is one of the most common masonry units used as building material. Due to the demand, different types of waste have been investigated to be incorporated into the bricks. Many types of sludge have been incorporated in fired clay brick for example marble sludge, stone sludge, water sludge, sewage sludge, and ceramic sludge. The utilization of these waste materials in fired clay bricks usually has positive effects on the properties such as lightweight bricks with improved shrinkage, porosity, and strength. This paper reviews on utilization of different types of sludge wastes into fired clay bricks. Previous investigations have demonstrated positive effects on the physical and mechanical properties as well as less impact towards the environment. Thus, the utilizations of sludge waste could produce a good quality of brick and could be one of alternative disposal methods for the sludge wastes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fired%20clay%20brick" title="fired clay brick">fired clay brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sludge%20waste" title=" sludge waste"> sludge waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11628/an-overview-of-sludge-utilization-into-fired-clay-brick" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">583</span> Preparation of Geopolymer Cements from Tunisian Illito-Kaolinitic Clay Mineral</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hamdi">N. Hamdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Srasra"> E. Srasra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work geopolymer cement are synthesized from Tunisian (illito-kaolinitic) clay. This product can be used as binding material in place of cement Portland. The clay fractions used were characterized with physico-chemical and thermal analyses. The clays materials react with alkaline solution (10, 14 and 18 mol(NaOH)/L) in order to produce geopolymer cements whose pastes were characterized by determining their water adsorption and compressive strength. The compressive strength of the hardened geopolymer cement paste samples aged 28 days attained its highest value (32.3MPa) around 950°C for NaOH concentration of 14M. The water adsorption value of the prepared samples decreased with increasing the calcination temperature of clay fractions. It can be concluded that the most suitable temperature for the calcination of illitio-kaolinitic clays in view of producing geopolymer cements is around 950°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title="compressive strength">compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20cement" title=" geopolymer cement"> geopolymer cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illitio-kaolinitic%20clay" title=" illitio-kaolinitic clay"> illitio-kaolinitic clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17201/preparation-of-geopolymer-cements-from-tunisian-illito-kaolinitic-clay-mineral" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=20">20</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=21">21</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clay%20Aldas&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>