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Gas - Wikipedia
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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_(disambigua)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Gas (disambigua)">Gas (disambigua)</a></b>.</span> </div> </div> <p>Un <b>gas</b> è un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeriforme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeriforme">aeriforme</a> la cui <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperatura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> è superiore alla <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperatura_critica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temperatura critica">temperatura critica</a>; di conseguenza, i gas non possono essere <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liquefazione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquefazione">liquefatti</a> senza prima essere raffreddati, al contrario dei <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vapore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vapore">vapori</a>. Un gas è un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fluido?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fluido">fluido</a> che non ha <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volume?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volume">volume</a> proprio (tende a occupare tutto il volume a sua disposizione) e che è facilmente comprimibile.<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mazzoldietal393-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/220px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/330px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/440px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="448"></a> <figcaption> Rappresentazione di un sistema gassoso secondo la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoria_cinetica_dei_gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teoria cinetica dei gas">teoria cinetica dei gas</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Nell'uso comune, il termine <i>gas</i> indica spesso lo <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stato_della_materia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stato della materia">stato della materia</a> <i>aeriforme</i>. L'esempio più immediato è costituito dall'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aria">aria</a>, che è in realtà una <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miscela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miscela">miscela</a>, nella quale i gas più abbondanti sono l'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azoto">azoto</a> e l'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ossigeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a>.</p> <p>Molti gas sono incolori anche se si ricordano tra le eccezioni il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cloro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cloro">cloro</a> (verde paglierino chiaro), lo <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iodio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iodio">iodio</a> (porpora) e il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diossido_di_azoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diossido di azoto">diossido di azoto</a> (quest'ultimo un composto, di color marrone).<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Inoltre i gas hanno importanza economica fondamentale nell'industria: come esempi ci sono l'ossigeno, usato nell'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industria_siderurgica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria siderurgica">industria siderurgica</a> per <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ossidazione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ossidazione">ossidare</a> le impurezze del ferro nella produzione dell'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acciaio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acciaio">acciaio</a>, e l'azoto per la produzione dell'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ammoniaca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ammoniaca">ammoniaca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="it" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Indice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etimologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Descrizione"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Descrizione</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologia_e_storia_del_termine_gas"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etimologia e storia del termine <i>gas</i></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#I_gas_perfetti"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">I gas perfetti</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Legge_isoterma_(o_legge_di_Boyle)"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Legge_isobara_(o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Legge_isocora_(o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#I_gas_reali"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">I gas reali</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Note"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Note</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voci_correlate"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Voci correlate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Altri_progetti"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Altri progetti</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Collegamenti_esterni"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Collegamenti esterni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Il termine deriva dal <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greco_antico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco antico">greco antico</a> χάος (<i>chaos</i>), ovvero "massa informe", passando attraverso il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_francese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> <i>gaz</i>. Fu coniato dal chimico belga <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">Jean Baptiste van Helmont</a> nel 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Formalmente, un gas è un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeriforme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeriforme">aeriforme</a> la cui temperatura è superiore alla <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperatura_critica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temperatura critica">temperatura critica</a>; gli aeriformi a temperatura inferiore a questa si dicono in stato di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vapore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vapore">vapore</a>. Un gas non è condensabile, cioè non può essere portato allo stato liquido comprimendolo a temperatura costante. Al contrario, un vapore diventa liquido quando è sufficientemente compresso a temperatura costante. Sia nel linguaggio comune sia in quello tecnico, quando non è necessario distinguere fra gli stati di gas e di vapore, si usa <i>gas</i> come sinonimo di <i>aeriforme</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>I gas rappresentano lo <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stato_della_materia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stato della materia">stato della materia</a> in cui le forze interatomiche e intermolecolari tra le singole particelle di una sostanza sono così piccole che non c'è più un'effettiva <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coesione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coesione">coesione</a> tra di esse. Gli atomi o le molecole del gas sono liberi di muoversi assumendo ciascuno una certa velocità: le particelle atomiche o molecolari del gas quindi interagiscono urtandosi continuamente l'un l'altra. Per questo un gas non ha un volume definito ma tende a occupare tutto lo spazio a sua disposizione, e assume la forma del contenitore che lo contiene, riempiendolo. Un altro vincolo che può limitare il volume di un gas è un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campo_gravitazionale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campo gravitazionale">campo gravitazionale</a>, come nel caso dell'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atmosfera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera terrestre</a>.</p> <p>Nel linguaggio corrente si dice che una data sostanza "è un gas" quando la sua <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperatura_di_ebollizione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura di ebollizione">temperatura di ebollizione</a> è molto al di sotto della temperatura ambiente, cioè quando si trova normalmente allo stato di gas sulla <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terra">Terra</a>. Per esempio è normale dire che "il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metano">metano</a> è un gas mentre il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferro">ferro</a> non lo è", sebbene il metano possa benissimo trovarsi allo stato liquido (raffreddato al di sotto di −161 <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C2%B0C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a>, ovvero <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002112000000000000♠"></span>112 <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelvin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelvin">K</a></span>) e il ferro allo stato gassoso (riscaldato oltre i 2 750 °C, ovvero 3 023 K). A <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperatura_ambiente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temperatura ambiente">temperatura ambiente</a> sono 11 gli <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elemento_chimico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elemento chimico">elementi chimici</a> che si trovano allo stato di gas: oltre ai già citati azoto e ossigeno, hanno rilevanza l'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elio">elio</a>, il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neon">neon</a>, l'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argon">argon</a> (tutti <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_nobili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gas nobili">gas nobili</a>) e il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radon">radon</a>, anch'esso gas nobile e unico elemento tra quelli naturalmente <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radioattività">radioattivi</a> a trovarsi in uno stato non solido.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Un gas può essere approssimato a un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_ideale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gas ideale">gas ideale</a> quando si trova a una temperatura "molto maggiore" della sua temperatura critica, ossia che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> T </mi> <mo> ≫<!-- ≫ --> </mo> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> c </mi> <mi> r </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22cd07f06e916d54a524d0c830de48201ba72f9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.294ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8.294ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22cd07f06e916d54a524d0c830de48201ba72f9d" data-alt="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e convenzionalmente si intende che i due termini devono differire di almeno un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordine_di_grandezza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordine di grandezza">ordine di grandezza</a>. Ciò equivale a chiedere che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> T </mi> <mo> > </mo> <mn> 10 </mn> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> c </mi> <mi> r </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d46e72f7318949f62f014df178332e0994e78091" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.782ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11.782ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d46e72f7318949f62f014df178332e0994e78091" data-alt="{\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>.</p> <p>La temperatura critica è la temperatura corrispondente al punto di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relazione_d%27ordine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Elementi_massimali_e_minimali.3B_massimi_e_minimi" title="Relazione d'ordine">massimo</a> della curva (a forma di campana) liquido-vapore. All'interno della campana, il fluido cambia di fase, all'esterno resta allo stato gassoso qualunque sia la sua <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pressione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pressione">pressione</a>. Imponendo che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> T </mi> <mo> ≫<!-- ≫ --> </mo> <msub> <mi> T </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> c </mi> <mi> r </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22cd07f06e916d54a524d0c830de48201ba72f9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.294ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8.294ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22cd07f06e916d54a524d0c830de48201ba72f9d" data-alt="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>, la curva del liquido-vapore può non essere rappresentata nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diagramma_di_Andrews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diagramma di Andrews">diagramma di Andrews</a> (diagramma pressione-volume), non è visibile se si adotta una scala normale.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Etimologia_e_storia_del_termine_gas">Etimologia e storia del termine <i>gas</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia e storia del termine gas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Il termine <i>gas</i> fu coniato dal chimico fiammingo belga <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">Jean Baptiste van Helmont</a> nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1630?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1630">1630</a>. Sembra derivi, come spiegò <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_Meyer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leo Meyer">Leo Meyer</a>, dalla trascrizione della sua pronuncia della parola greca χάος (<i>chàos</i>), che lui fece diventare <i>geist</i>; ma <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Weigand&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Weigand (la pagina non esiste)">Weigand</a> e <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scheler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheler">Scheler</a> fecero risalire l'origine etimologica al tedesco <i>gascht</i> (fermentazione): quindi sarebbe, secondo loro, inizialmente usata dal chimico <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">van Helmont</a> per indicare la fermentazione vinosa. Tralasciando l'etimologia, sappiamo per certo che il chimico di Bruxelles <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">van Helmont</a> all'età di 63 anni fu il primo a postulare l'esistenza di sostanze distinte nell'aria che così chiamò nei suoi saggi pubblicati dal figlio <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mercurio_van_Helmont&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mercurio van Helmont (la pagina non esiste)">Mercurio van Helmont</a>. Pochi anni dopo il chimico irlandese <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Boyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> enunciò che l'aria era costituita da atomi e da vuoto e solo dopo 140 anni le affermazioni di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Boyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a> e di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">van Helmont</a> si dimostreranno vere.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="I_gas_perfetti">I gas perfetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione I gas perfetti" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>In <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fisica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fisica">fisica</a> e in <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Termodinamica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Termodinamica">termodinamica</a> si usa generalmente l'approssimazione detta dei <i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_perfetto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas perfetto">gas perfetti</a></i>: un gas per essere <i>perfetto</i> o <i>ideale</i> deve sottostare alle cosiddette <b>ipotesi meccaniche della teoria cinetica molecolare</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>le dimensioni delle molecole del gas sono considerate trascurabili rispetto al volume del recipiente; ciò comporta che gli urti molecola-molecola e gli urti tra molecola e pareti del recipiente sono praticamente assenti. Ciò si può riassumere dicendo che il gas è rarefatto;</li> <li>il moto delle molecole è dettato dalle leggi della <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meccanica_(fisica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meccanica (fisica)">meccanica</a>, ed è casuale: il gas non tende a depositarsi in un punto particolare del recipiente (sul fondo o verso il tappo);</li> <li>le molecole vengono considerate indistinguibili;</li> <li>gli urti delle molecole con le pareti del recipiente, quando avvengono, sono <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urto_elastico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urto elastico">elastici</a>: l'unico effetto dell'urto è l'inversione della <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Velocità">velocità</a> della molecola.</li> </ul> <p>Queste approssimazioni conducono a formulare la legge nota come <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Equazione_di_stato_dei_gas_perfetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Equazione di stato dei gas perfetti">equazione di stato dei gas perfetti</a>, che descrive, in condizioni di <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Equilibrio_termodinamico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Equilibrio termodinamico">equilibrio termodinamico</a>, la relazione fra pressione, volume e temperatura del gas:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle pV=nRT}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> p </mi> <mi> V </mi> <mo> = </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mi> R </mi> <mi> T </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle pV=nRT} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57c364f7f0b47178cfd35c3bbaf6dcb22a98cf44" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:10.94ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle pV=nRT}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10.94ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57c364f7f0b47178cfd35c3bbaf6dcb22a98cf44" data-alt="{\displaystyle pV=nRT}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>dove p è la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pressione?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pressione">pressione</a>, V il <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volume?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volume">volume</a> occupato dal gas, n la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quantit%C3%A0_di_sostanza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quantità di sostanza">quantità di sostanza</a> del gas, R la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Costante_universale_dei_gas_perfetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Costante universale dei gas perfetti">costante universale dei gas perfetti</a> e T è la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperatura_assoluta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temperatura assoluta">temperatura assoluta</a> (in kelvin). Per esempio, una mole di gas perfetto occupa 22,4 <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litro">litri</a> a temperatura di 0 <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grado_Celsius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a> e pressione di 1 <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atmosfera_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atmosfera (unità di misura)">atmosfera</a>.</p> <p>Da questa legge discendono:</p> <ul> <li>la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legge_di_Boyle-Mariotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legge di Boyle-Mariotte">Legge di Boyle</a>;</li> <li>la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima legge di Gay-Lussac">Prima legge di Gay-Lussac</a>;</li> <li>la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prima legge di Gay-Lussac">Seconda legge di Gay-Lussac</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Oltre alle leggi summenzionate, per i gas perfetti vale anche la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legge_di_Avogadro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Avogadro">legge di Avogadro</a>: a pari condizioni di temperatura e pressione, se due gas occupano lo stesso volume hanno la stessa quantità di sostanza.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Legge_isoterma_(o_legge_di_Boyle)"><span id="Legge_isoterma_.28o_legge_di_Boyle.29"></span>Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legge_di_Boyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Boyle">Legge di Boyle</a></b>.</span> </div> </div> <p>La legge isoterma deve il suo nome dalla composizione della parola greca ἴσος, <i>ìsos</i>, «uguale» con la parola ϑερμός, <i>thermòs</i>, «caldo» (qui inteso come «temperatura»). Si consideri un gas in equilibrio termodinamico con temperatura, pressione e volume noti. Se si fanno variare il volume e la pressione, mantenendo però costante la temperatura, si trova che le prime due grandezze non variano a caso, ma lo fanno in modo tale che il loro prodotto rimanga costante, ossia:<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mazzoldietal393-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> p </mi> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mi> V </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <mi> K </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d15b07dd2b29cea473a03ff2d917e30c73aa9cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.999ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12.999ex;height: 3.009ex;vertical-align: -1.005ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d15b07dd2b29cea473a03ff2d917e30c73aa9cd" data-alt="{\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>, </dd> </dl> <p>cioè per una certa massa di gas a temperatura costante, le pressioni sono inversamente proporzionali ai volumi occupati. La curva nel piano cartesiano pressione-volume che ha per equazione l'equazione sopra riportata è un'<a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iperbole_equilatera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Iperbole equilatera">iperbole equilatera</a>. La legge di Boyle è una legge limite, vale cioè con buona approssimazione, non in modo assoluto per tutti i gas. Un gas perfetto o gas ideale che segua perfettamente la legge di Boyle non esiste. Le deviazioni dei gas reali dal comportamento del gas perfetto sono piccole per un gas che si trovi a bassa pressione e a una temperatura nettamente al di sopra di quella di liquefazione.</p> <p>Una variazione del volume e della pressione che lasci invariata la temperatura è detta <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trasformazione_isoterma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazione isoterma">trasformazione isoterma</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Legge_isobara_(o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"><span id="Legge_isobara_.28o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac.29"></span>Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prima_legge_di_Gay_Lussac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima legge di Gay Lussac">Prima legge di Gay Lussac</a></b>.</span> </div> </div> <p>La legge isobara (comp. del greco ἴσος, <i>ìsos</i>, «uguale» e βάρος, <i>bàros</i>, «peso», qui «pressione») afferma che un gas perfetto che alla temperatura di 0 °C occupa un volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V_{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ae15ff9b845587dc4e1816f59c3fed0e71a132f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.409ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ae15ff9b845587dc4e1816f59c3fed0e71a132f" data-alt="{\displaystyle V_{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> e che viene riscaldato mantenendo costante la pressione occupa alla temperatura <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> T </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle T} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.636ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" data-alt="{\displaystyle T}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> un volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{T}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V_{T}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0100d3612cd04fe93bf7a351885e38bf3b8e165" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.745ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.745ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0100d3612cd04fe93bf7a351885e38bf3b8e165" data-alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> espresso dalla legge:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <msub> <mi> α<!-- α --> </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db940d8a6d84b295a44dc3a3c007c65848e0cf45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.601ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21.601ex;height: 2.843ex;vertical-align: -0.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db940d8a6d84b295a44dc3a3c007c65848e0cf45" data-alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>in cui <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle V_{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ae15ff9b845587dc4e1816f59c3fed0e71a132f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.409ex;height: 2.509ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ae15ff9b845587dc4e1816f59c3fed0e71a132f" data-alt="{\displaystyle V_{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> è il volume occupato dal gas a 0 °C (ovvero 273,15 <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelvin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelvin">K</a>) e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> α<!-- α --> </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \alpha _{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a214eff2fcc322f780dd8837e7472b0edb994a13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.542ex;height: 2.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a214eff2fcc322f780dd8837e7472b0edb994a13" data-alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> è pari a 1/273,15 ed è chiamato <i>coefficiente di dilatazione termica</i>. La temperatura è espressa in gradi <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celsius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>. La trasformazione isobara avviene a pressione costante, mentre si ha una variazione del volume e della temperatura. Tale trasformazione nel <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piano_di_Clapeyron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piano di Clapeyron">piano di Clapeyron</a> è rappresentata da un <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segmento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segmento">segmento</a> parallelo all'asse dei volumi. Quindi la variazione di volume che subisce un gas per la variazione di temperatura di ogni grado Celsius ammonta a 1/273 del volume che il gas occupa a 0 °C, ed è esprimibile come:</p> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi> V </mi> <mi> T </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mi> c </mi> <mi> o </mi> <mi> s </mi> <mi> t </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9cac2dbbb65ff2ddba1dd9f53c8a7132f57155a9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.786ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9.786ex;height: 5.176ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9cac2dbbb65ff2ddba1dd9f53c8a7132f57155a9" data-alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>,</p> <p>che sottolinea come il rapporto tra volume occupato e pressione rimanga costante in ogni istante della trasformazione.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Legge_isocora_(o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"><span id="Legge_isocora_.28o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac.29"></span>Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"> <span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconda_legge_di_Gay_Lussac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconda legge di Gay Lussac">Seconda legge di Gay Lussac</a></b>.</span> </div> </div> <p>La legge isocora (comp. del greco ἴσος, <i>ìsos</i>, «uguale» e χώρα, <i>còra</i>, «spazio», qui «volume») afferma che un gas perfetto che alla temperatura di 0 °C ha una pressione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{0}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> p </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle p_{0}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b969ada68a88e2aeba9a2d2096abaf1fd53c21d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{0}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.313ex;height: 2.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b969ada68a88e2aeba9a2d2096abaf1fd53c21d" data-alt="{\displaystyle p_{0}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> e che viene scaldato mantenendo costante il volume si trova, alla temperatura <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi> T </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle T} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1.636ex;height: 2.176ex;vertical-align: -0.338ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" data-alt="{\displaystyle T}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>, a una pressione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{T}}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> p </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle p_{T}} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e552d1d4e5b584da41df89552ec958aa5154170" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.648ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{T}}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 2.648ex;height: 2.009ex;vertical-align: -0.671ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e552d1d4e5b584da41df89552ec958aa5154170" data-alt="{\displaystyle p_{T}}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> espressa dalla legge:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi> p </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo> = </mo> <msub> <mi> p </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mn> 1 </mn> <mo> + </mo> <msub> <mi> α<!-- α --> </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 0 </mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e037d706f7571e00864ca618262c9dad7e253328" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:21.319ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21.319ex;height: 2.843ex;vertical-align: -0.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e037d706f7571e00864ca618262c9dad7e253328" data-alt="{\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>La <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trasformazione_isocora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazione isocora">trasformazione isocora</a> è una variazione della pressione e della temperatura a volume costante; è rappresentata nel piano di Clapeyron da un segmento parallelo all'asse delle pressioni e può essere espressa mediante la relazione:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi> p </mi> <mi> T </mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mi> c </mi> <mi> o </mi> <mi> s </mi> <mi> t </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfc2b97e33b435e5fca46b6d8259c1b0e6e9af37" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.635ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9.635ex;height: 4.843ex;vertical-align: -1.838ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfc2b97e33b435e5fca46b6d8259c1b0e6e9af37" data-alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>, </dd> </dl> <p>che esprime in questo caso come durante la trasformazione il rapporto tra pressione del gas e sua temperatura rimanga costante.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="I_gas_reali">I gas reali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione I gas reali" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Un tentativo di produrre un'equazione che descriva il comportamento dei gas in modo più realistico è rappresentato dall'equazione dei gas reali. Le correzioni apportate all'equazione dei gas perfetti sono due: si tiene conto del volume proprio delle molecole, che non sono quindi più considerate puntiformi, e si considerano le interazioni tra molecole che venivano trascurate nel caso dei gas perfetti.</p> <p>La prima correzione ha l'effetto di rendere non indefinitamente comprimibile il gas; il suo riscontro empirico è la liquefazione cui vanno soggetti i gas reali se compressi (e raffreddati) a sufficienza.</p> <p>L'altra correzione fa sì che i gas reali non si espandano infinitamente ma arrivino a un punto in cui non possono occupare più volume (questo perché tra gli atomi si stabilisce una forza molto piccola, dovuta alla variazione casuale delle cariche elettrostatiche nelle singole molecole, chiamata <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forza_di_van_der_Waals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forza di van der Waals">forza di van der Waals</a>).</p> <p>Per questo la legge dei gas perfetti non fornisce risultati accurati nel caso di gas reali, soprattutto in condizioni di bassa temperatura e/o alta pressione, mentre diventa più precisa in caso di gas rarefatti, ad alta temperatura e a bassa pressione, cioè quando forze intermolecolari e volume molecolare diventano trascurabili.</p> <p>L'equazione dei gas reali si può ricostruire tenendo quindi conto del fatto che il volume a disposizione del gas sarà (V - nb), dove b è il volume occupato dalle molecole per quantità di sostanza e n è la <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quantit%C3%A0_di_sostanza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quantità di sostanza">quantità di gas</a> considerata, e la pressione sarà invece corretta di un fattore a/V<sup>2</sup> che tiene conto delle forze di attrazione fra atomi. Dunque l'equazione, detta anche <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legge_di_Van_der_Waals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Van der Waals">equazione di Van der Waals</a>, risulta:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:</p> <dl> <dd> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT}"><semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> P </mi> <mo> + </mo> <msup> <mi> n </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi> a </mi> <msup> <mi> V </mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn> 2 </mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> ⋅<!-- ⋅ --> </mo> <mrow> <mo> ( </mo> <mrow> <mi> V </mi> <mo> −<!-- − --> </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mi> b </mi> </mrow> <mo> ) </mo> </mrow> <mo> = </mo> <mi> n </mi> <mi> R </mi> <mi> T </mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> {\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT} </annotation> </semantics> </math></span> <noscript> <img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9305ead7ed07741f49dabedc6c013564067a36e5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:34.344ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT}"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 34.344ex;height: 6.176ex;vertical-align: -2.505ex;" data-src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9305ead7ed07741f49dabedc6c013564067a36e5" data-alt="{\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT}" data-class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert"> </span></span>. </dd> </dl> <p>Questa equazione non è valida in ogni caso, ma solo in particolari condizioni, ma è molto importante in quanto si può identificare all'interno di essa un significato fisico. Un'equazione che invece ci dà un'esatta visione dello stato del gas reale è l'equazione del viriale (di cui si parla più specificamente alla voce <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Equazione_di_stato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Equazione di stato">equazione di stato</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mazzoldietal393-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, p. 393, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ref_A_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ref_A_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Atkins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <i>Chimica Generale</i> p.115; <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808152766?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-15276-6</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_gas" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/gas"><span style="font-style:italic;">gas</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a> on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite> p.426</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Atkins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <i>Chimica Generale</i> p.5; <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808152766?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-15276-6</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">il segno "≫" si legge "molto maggiore".</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p.316</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite> p.432</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite> p.395</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p.295</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p. 297</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p.322</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Atkins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica Generale</span>, Bologna, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zanichelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zanichelli">Zanichelli</a>, 1992, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-15276-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-15276-6">88-08-15276-6</a>.</cite></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_naturale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gas naturale">Gas naturale</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biogas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_degenere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gas degenere">Gas degenere</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vapore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vapore">Vapore</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoria_cinetica_dei_gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teoria cinetica dei gas">Teoria cinetica dei gas</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legge_di_effusione_dei_gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di effusione dei gas">Legge di effusione dei gas</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambiamento_di_stato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambiamento di stato">Cambiamento di stato</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_criogeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gas criogeno">Gas criogeno</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gas_refrigeranti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas refrigeranti">Gas refrigeranti</a></li> <li><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valvola_(idraulica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valvola (idraulica)">Valvola (idraulica)</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"> <p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p> <ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/gas" class="extiw" title="wikt:gas">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gas" class="extiw" title="v:Gas">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Gases"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases?uselang%3Dit">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"> <noscript> <img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" data-alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" data-width="18" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/gas" class="extiw" title="wikt:gas">gas</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"> <noscript> <img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" data-width="18" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse su <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gas" class="extiw" title="v:Gas">gas</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang%3Dit" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" data-width="18" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang%3Dit">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases?uselang%3Dit">gas</a></span></b></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gas"><span style="font-style:italic;">gas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11432%23P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica su Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Edward A. Mason, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/science/gas-state-of-matter"><span style="font-style:italic;">gas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11432%23P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Modifica su Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730170945/http://www.petrolioegas.it/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Petrolio e Gas: Il portale per conoscere il petrolio, il gas e le attività di esplorazione e produzione degli idrocarburi in Italia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">petrolioegas.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 maggio 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.petrolioegas.it/">url originale</abbr> il 30 luglio 2013)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_gas" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gas"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gas</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 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.mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style> <table class="CdA"> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th> <td><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id%3D5922">5922</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85053380">sh85053380</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019320-2">4019320-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936389b">cb11936389b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936389b">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007560590105171">987007560590105171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566025">00566025</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" data-alt=" " data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/38px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/50px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <b><a href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portale:Chimica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portale:Chimica">Portale Chimica</a></b> </div> </div> <div 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.013 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DGas%26oldid%3D139795297">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas&oldid=139795297</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://it-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="147.161.182.127" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1718609989"> <span>Ultima modifica il 17 giu 2024 alle 08:39</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Lingue</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lyft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="गैस - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="غاز - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DD%25A3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="ݣاز - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣاز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="غاز - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غاز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%259B" title="গেছ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গেছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="गैस - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaz" title="Qaz - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="قاز - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doj%25C4%2597s" title="Dojės - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dojės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="गैस - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC_%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A5" title="গ্যাসীয় পদার্থ - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাসীয় পদার্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8" title="Хии - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хии" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25A9-t%25C4%2581%25CC%25A4" title="Ké-tā̤ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_(kimika)" title="Gas (kimika) - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gas (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="گاز - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گاز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plyn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwy" title="Nwy - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nwy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CE%25AD%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF" title="Αέριο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αέριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="گاز - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaasu" title="Kaasu - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaasu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasi" title="Kasi - figiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kasi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A1s" title="Gás - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytundyry" title="Pytundyry - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pytundyry" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B5%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AB%2581" title="વાયુ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાયુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-th%25C3%25AD" title="Hi-thí - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hi-thí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%2596" title="גז - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="गैस - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A1z" title="Gáz - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gáz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A6" title="Գազ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A6" title="Կազ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կազ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gaso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B0%2597%25E4%25BD%2593" title="気体 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gias" title="Gias - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gias" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gapci" title="gapci - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gapci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="აირი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2585%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B2" title="ಅನಿಲ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅನಿಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B8%25B0%25EC%25B2%25B4" title="기체 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gaas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujos" title="Dujos - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dujos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C4%2581ze" title="Gāze - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gāze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etona" title="Etona - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581" title="Гас - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B5%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%2582" title="വാതകം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാതകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Хий - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582" title="वायू - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वायू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B7" title="အငွေ့ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အငွေ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D1%258F" title="Лекся - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лекся" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ggas" title="Ggas - napoletano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ggas" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoletano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="ग्यास - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्यास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581" title="वायु - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वायु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gass" title="Gass - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gass" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gass" title="Gass - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gass" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gase" title="Gase - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gase" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaazii" title="Gaazii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gaazii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A9%2582" title="ਫੂ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="گیس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AB%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2" title="ګاز - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګاز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A1s" title="Gás - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gás" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsi" title="Wapsi - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaro" title="Zaro - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Zaro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581" title="Гаас - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гаас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3" title="گيس - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گيس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urrig" title="Urrig - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Urrig" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%2594" title="වායු - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වායු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Plyn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="گیس - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasi" title="Gasi - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawo" title="Hawo - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hawo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazi" title="Gazi - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581" title="Гас - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesi" title="Gesi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gesi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goz" title="Goz - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Goz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="வளிமம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B1%2581%25E0%25B0%25B5%25E0%25B1%2581_(%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B1%258C%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%2595_%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%2582)" title="వాయువు (భౌతిక శాస్త్రం) - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాయువు (భౌతిక శాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B9%258A%25E0%25B8%25AA" title="แก๊ส - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แก๊ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B9" title="Хей - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хей" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Газ - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3" title="گیس - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazlar" title="Gazlar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gazlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25E1%25BA%25A5t_kh%25C3%25AD" title="Chất khí - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaze" title="Goaze - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Goaze" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A5z" title="Gåz - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gåz" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B0%2594%25E4%25BD%2593" title="气体 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="აირი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%2590%25D7%2596" title="גאז - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25BA%25B8%25CC%2580f%25C3%25BA%25C3%25B9f%25C3%25B9" title="Ẹ̀fúùfù - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀fúùfù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B0%2594%25E4%25BD%2593" title="气体 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="气体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E8%25B3%25AA" title="氣質 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氣質" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%25C3%25AC-th%25C3%25A9" title="Khì-thé - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B0%25A3%25E9%25AB%2594" title="氣體 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UHowo" title="UHowo - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UHowo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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