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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Construction_Sheet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_Sheet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Construction Sheet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_Sheet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regency_of_Algiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regency_of_Algiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Regency of Algiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency_of_Algiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Red,_yellow_and_green_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red,_yellow_and_green_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Red, yellow and green flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red,_yellow_and_green_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_regent's_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_regent's_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Ottoman regent's flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_regent's_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Military flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Naval flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_Algeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_Algeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>French Algeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_Algeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emirate_of_Abdelkader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emirate_of_Abdelkader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Emirate of Abdelkader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emirate_of_Abdelkader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_the_current_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_current_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>History of the current flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_current_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of Algeria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Algeri%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Algerië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlag van Algerië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="علم الجزائر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الجزائر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_d%27Arxelia" title="Bandera d'Arxelia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bandera d'Arxelia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Flc%C9%99zair_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Əlcəzair bayrağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əlcəzair bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C3%A9r_Alg%C3%A9ria" title="Kobér Algéria – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kobér Algéria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আলজেরিয়ার জাতীয় পতাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলজেরিয়ার জাতীয় পতাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сцяг Алжыра – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцяг Алжыра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Сьцяг Альжыру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьцяг Альжыру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Национално знаме на Алжир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално знаме на Алжир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Al%C5%BEira" title="Zastava Alžira – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zastava Alžira" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_d%27Alg%C3%A8ria" title="Bandera d'Algèria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandera d'Algèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C3%ADrsk%C3%A1_vlajka" title="Alžírská vlajka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alžírská vlajka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner_Algeria" title="Baner Algeria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baner Algeria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeriets_flag" title="Algeriets flag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Algeriets flag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge_Algeriens" title="Flagge Algeriens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flagge Algeriens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BEeeria_lipp" title="Alžeeria lipp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alžeeria lipp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σημαία της Αλγερίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημαία της Αλγερίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Argelia" title="Bandera de Argelia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandera de Argelia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flago_de_Al%C4%9Derio" title="Flago de Alĝerio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flago de Alĝerio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljeriako_bandera" title="Aljeriako bandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aljeriako bandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پرچم الجزایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرچم الجزایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapeau_de_l%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Drapeau de l'Algérie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drapeau de l'Algérie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_de_Alxeria" title="Bandeira de Alxeria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandeira de Alxeria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%9C" title="અલ્જીરીયાનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અલ્જીરીયાનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="알제리의 국기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알제리의 국기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Ալժիրի դրոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալժիրի դրոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="अल्जीरिया का ध्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल्जीरिया का ध्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Al%C5%BEira" title="Zastava Alžira – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zastava Alžira" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="আলজেরিয়ার ফিরালহান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আলজেরিয়ার ফিরালহান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Aljazair" title="Bendera Aljazair – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendera Aljazair" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_Als%C3%ADr" title="Fáni Alsír – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fáni Alsír" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera_dell%27Algeria" title="Bandiera dell'Algeria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandiera dell'Algeria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="דגל אלג'יריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגל אלג'יריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ალჟირის დროშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალჟირის დროშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Алжир туы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алжир туы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_ya_Algeria" title="Bendera ya Algeria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bendera ya Algeria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C4%ABrijas_karogs" title="Alžīrijas karogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alžīrijas karogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BEyro_v%C4%97liava" title="Alžyro vėliava – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alžyro vėliava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_l%27Algeria" title="Bandera de l'Algeria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bandera de l'Algeria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alg%C3%A9ria_z%C3%A1szlaja" title="Algéria zászlaja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Algéria zászlaja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Знаме на Алжир – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знаме на Алжир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Algeria" title="Bendera Algeria – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bendera Algeria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Algerije" title="Vlag van Algerije – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlag van Algerije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="अल्जेरियाको झण्डा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अल्जेरियाको झण्डा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="アルジェリアの国旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルジェリアの国旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeries_flagg" title="Algeries flagg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Algeries flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_algeriske_flagget" title="Det algeriske flagget – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det algeriske flagget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazoir_bayrog%CA%BBi" title="Jazoir bayrogʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jazoir bayrogʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga_Algierii" title="Flaga Algierii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flaga Algierii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_da_Arg%C3%A9lia" title="Bandeira da Argélia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandeira da Argélia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapelul_Algeriei" title="Drapelul Algeriei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drapelul Algeriei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Флаг Алжира – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флаг Алжира" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_o_Algerie" title="Banner o Algerie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Banner o Algerie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Algeria" title="Flag of Algeria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag of Algeria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka_Al%C5%BE%C3%ADrska" title="Vlajka Alžírska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlajka Alžírska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Al%C5%BEirije" title="Zastava Alžirije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zastava Alžirije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ئاڵای جەزائیر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڵای جەزائیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Застава Алжира – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Застава Алжира" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Al%C5%BEira" title="Zastava Alžira – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zastava Alžira" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_lippu" title="Algerian lippu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Algerian lippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeriets_flagga" title="Algeriets flagga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Algeriets flagga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ธงชาติแอลจีเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธงชาติแอลจีเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezayir_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Cezayir bayrağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cezayir bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83" title="Прапор Алжиру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прапор Алжиру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BEiran_flag" title="Alžiran flag – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Alžiran flag" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_k%E1%BB%B3_Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Quốc kỳ Algérie – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc kỳ Algérie" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapea_d%27_l%27_Aldjereye" title="Drapea d' l' Aldjereye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Drapea d' l' Aldjereye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="阿尔及利亚国旗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔及利亚国旗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80s%C3%AC%C3%A1_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%C3%80lg%C3%A9r%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Àsìá ilẹ̀ Àlgéríà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àsìá ilẹ̀ Àlgéríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="阿尔及利亚国旗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔及利亚国旗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%A3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83392#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/255px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/383px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/510px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_ensign" class="mw-redirect" title="State ensign">state ensign</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_111110.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag, civil and state ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FIAV_111110.svg/23px-FIAV_111110.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FIAV_111110.svg/35px-FIAV_111110.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/FIAV_111110.svg/46px-FIAV_111110.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">3 July 1962<span class="noprint">; 62 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1962-07-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A vertical bicolor of green and white, with the red crescent encircling the red five-pointed star centered along the dividing line.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg/158px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg/237px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg/315px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Presidential standard <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg/158px-Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg/237px-Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg/315px-Naval_Ensign_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_ensign" title="Naval ensign">Naval ensign</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_000001.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FIAV_000001.svg/23px-FIAV_000001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FIAV_000001.svg/35px-FIAV_000001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/FIAV_000001.svg/46px-FIAV_000001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">27 June 1963 (amended in 1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">As above, with white crossed fouled anchors in the canton.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg/175px-Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg/264px-Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg/350px-Naval_Jack_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval jack">Naval jack</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">The national flag in the canton on a light blue field.</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The national <b>flag of Algeria</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">علم الجزائر</span></span>) consists of two equal vertical bars, green and white, <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charged</a> in the center with a red <a href="/wiki/Star_and_crescent" title="Star and crescent">star and crescent</a>, a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as the nation's prominent faith. The flag was adopted on 3 July 1962. A similar version was used by the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Algeria" title="Politics of Algeria">Algerian government</a> in exile from 1958 to 1962. The Western <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a> is <i>per pale vert and argent; a crescent and star gules</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Algerian ships fly it as their ensign, except for ships of the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_National_Navy" title="Algerian National Navy">Algerian National Navy</a>, which use one charged with two white crossed anchors in the <a href="/wiki/Flag_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag terminology">canton</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Naval_ensign" title="Naval ensign">naval ensign</a>. Formerly, the two crossed anchors in the canton were red. </p><p> According to algeria-un.org, cited in 1999, the features of the flag are set down precisely, being described as: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The green must be a composition of equal yellow and blue having, according to the diagram of contrasts of Rood, a <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a> of 5,411 [<a href="/wiki/%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ångström">ångströms</a>] and the position 600 on the normal spectrum. The red must be pure, of primary non-decomposable colour, and exempt of blue and yellow having, according to the above-indicated diagram, a wavelength of 6,562 [ångströms] and the position 285 on the normal spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br />Colours scheme</th> <th style="background-color:#D21034"><span style="color:white;">Red</span></th> <th style="background-color:#006633"><span style="color:white;">Green</span></th> <th style="background-color:#ffffff">White </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a></b></td> <td>210-16-52</td> <td>0-102-51</td> <td>255-255-255 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">Hexadecimal</a></b></td> <td>#D21034</td> <td>#006633</td> <td>#FFFFFF </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a></b></td> <td>0, 92, 75, 18</td> <td>100, 0, 50, 60</td> <td>0, 0, 0, 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></b></td> <td>186 C</td> <td>356 C</td> <td>White </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction_Sheet">Construction Sheet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction Sheet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 395px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 390px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria_(construction_sheet).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Algeria_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Algeria_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Algeria_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/540px-Flag_of_Algeria_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Algeria_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/720px-Flag_of_Algeria_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flag aims to highlight <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Algeria" title="Culture of Algeria">Algeria's cultural heritage</a>, but there are different interpretations of its elements. According to <a href="/wiki/Malek_Chebel" title="Malek Chebel">Malek Chebel</a>, green represents Islam and white represents purity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Pierre Lux-Wurm, green and white bring to mind the ancient banners of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Prophet_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet Muhammad">Prophet Muhammad</a>, while the crescent and star can be seen as symbols of light.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Khaled Merzouk, the green stripe represents the earth and agriculture, the white stripe represents peace and the crescent and star are <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" title="Symbols of Islam">symbols of Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FlagDB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FlagDB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The star represents the <a href="/wiki/Five_pillars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Five pillars of Islam">five pillars of Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stora" title="Benjamin Stora">Benjamin Stora</a> suggests that the three colors of the flag originally represented the three countries of the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> and the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen">Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen</a></div> <p>In the Middle Ages, various Islamic dynasties ruled in what is now Algeria and controlled different territories at different times. At that time, national flags as we understand them today were not used. It is possible to distinguish, using various sources, certain constants, such as the presence of a crescent with variable orientation and the presence of the colors red, blue and white.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_(1388-1488).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on according to the Portolan chart."><img alt="Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on according to the Portolan chart." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_%281388-1488%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_%281388-1488%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_%281388-1488%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_%281388-1488%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_%281388-1488%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_%281388-1488%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="499" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tlemcen" title="Kingdom of Tlemcen">Kingdom of Tlemcen</a> on according to the <a href="/wiki/Portolan_chart" title="Portolan chart">Portolan chart</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_(14th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on Pietro Vescontes' map."><img alt="Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on Pietro Vescontes' map." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_%2814th_century%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_%2814th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_%2814th_century%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_%2814th_century%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Tlemcen_during_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3412" data-file-height="1733" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of Kingdom of Tlemcen on <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Vesconte" title="Pietro Vesconte">Pietro Vescontes</a>' map.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_(14th_century).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Béjaïa according to the Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms and Catalan Atlas."><img alt="Flag of Béjaïa according to the Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms and Catalan Atlas." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_%2814th_century%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_%2814th_century%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_%2814th_century%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_%2814th_century%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa_%2814th_century%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of <a href="/wiki/Hafsids_of_B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="Hafsids of Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Knowledge_of_All_Kingdoms" title="Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms">Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Atlas" title="Catalan Atlas">Catalan Atlas</a>.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regency_of_Algiers">Regency of Algiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regency of Algiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Red,_yellow_and_green_flags"><span id="Red.2C_yellow_and_green_flags"></span>Red, yellow and green flags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Red, yellow and green flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Simple tricolor of the Regency of Algiers."><img alt="Simple tricolor of the Regency of Algiers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simple tricolor of the Regency of Algiers.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A common color arrangement."><img alt="A common color arrangement." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/180px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/270px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/360px-Flag_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A common color arrangement.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algiers_(Al-Sharafi_Atlas).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Algiers (Al-Sharafīʼs Ottoman atlas of 1551)"><img alt="Flag of Algiers (Al-Sharafīʼs Ottoman atlas of 1551)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Algiers_%28Al-Sharafi_Atlas%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Algiers_%28Al-Sharafi_Atlas%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Algiers_%28Al-Sharafi_Atlas%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_Algiers_%28Al-Sharafi_Atlas%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Algiers_%28Al-Sharafi_Atlas%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Algiers_%28Al-Sharafi_Atlas%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of Algiers (Al-Sharafīʼs Ottoman atlas of 1551)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Numerous Arab and French sources unanimously agree on the <a href="/wiki/Tricolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricolor">tricolor</a> Algerian flag of red, green and yellow horizontal bands, raised first by the <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">corsair</a> then Sultan <a href="/wiki/Oru%C3%A7_Reis" class="mw-redirect" title="Oruç Reis">Oruç Barbarossa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Regency_of_Algiers" title="Regency of Algiers">Regency of Algiers</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tributary_state" title="Tributary state">tributary state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> from 1516 to 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tricolor flag seemed to be raised on the main gate of <a href="/wiki/Bab_Azoun" title="Bab Azoun">Bab Azzoun</a> in Algiers,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the Djenina palace,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forts and other governmental buildings in Algiers, the flag also accompanied the forces of the regency in notable battles like the <a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers expedition</a> of 1541 and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">siege of Malta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was called "the victorious flag" according to an arab manuscript,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while some French authors branded it as "insolent" and "terrible".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was even described by other authors as "the national flag of Algiers".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One variant was considered a <a href="/wiki/War_flag" title="War flag">War flag</a> according to Bertrand Dubreuil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ottoman_regent's_flags"><span id="Ottoman_regent.27s_flags"></span>Ottoman regent's flags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ottoman regent's flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Beylerbey-Pasha-Dey of Algiers"><img alt="Flag of the Beylerbey-Pasha-Dey of Algiers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Regent_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the Beylerbey-Pasha-Dey of Algiers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_(XVIII_-_XIX_siecle).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Dey of Algiers according to the album by John Beaumont (1705).[20]"><img alt="Flag of the Dey of Algiers according to the album by John Beaumont (1705).[20]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_%28XVIII_-_XIX_siecle%29.svg/172px-Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_%28XVIII_-_XIX_siecle%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_%28XVIII_-_XIX_siecle%29.svg/257px-Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_%28XVIII_-_XIX_siecle%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_%28XVIII_-_XIX_siecle%29.svg/343px-Pavillon_du_day_d%27Alger_%28XVIII_-_XIX_siecle%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Dey_of_Algiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Dey of Algiers">Dey of Algiers</a> according to the album by John Beaumont (1705).<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Algerian_flag_(Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Beylerbey of Algiers in Kurtoğlu, Fevzi (1987). Türk bayrağı ve ay yıldız (in Turkish). Türk Tarih Kurumu."><img alt="Flag of the Beylerbey of Algiers in Kurtoğlu, Fevzi (1987). Türk bayrağı ve ay yıldız (in Turkish). Türk Tarih Kurumu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Algerian_flag_%28Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head%29.svg/180px-Algerian_flag_%28Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Algerian_flag_%28Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head%29.svg/270px-Algerian_flag_%28Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Algerian_flag_%28Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head%29.svg/360px-Algerian_flag_%28Barbary_ensign_with_the_an_Berberian_head%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the Beylerbey of Algiers in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKurtoğlu1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kurtoğlu, Fevzi (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B-UeAAAAMAAJ"><i>Türk bayrağı ve ay yıldız</i></a> (in Turkish). Türk Tarih Kurumu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrk+bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1+ve+ay+y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z&rft.pub=T%C3%BCrk+Tarih+Kurumu&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Kurto%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Fevzi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB-UeAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Dutch engraving. "De Stad Haven En Mouillie Van Algiers Neven Desselfs Kasteelen" (the city, the port and the pier of Algiers) circa 1690"><img alt="Old Dutch engraving. "De Stad Haven En Mouillie Van Algiers Neven Desselfs Kasteelen" (the city, the port and the pier of Algiers) circa 1690" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg/138px-La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg/207px-La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg/276px-La_cite_le_port_et_le_mole_d_Alger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old Dutch engraving. "De Stad Haven En Mouillie Van Algiers Neven Desselfs Kasteelen" (the city, the port and the pier of Algiers) circa 1690</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_flags">Military flags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Military flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_(Odjak_of_Algiers).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Algerian Land forces Flag (Odjak of Algiers), during the conquest, the French captured about 100 with varying numbers of red and yellow stripes. [21][22]"><img alt="Algerian Land forces Flag (Odjak of Algiers), during the conquest, the French captured about 100 with varying numbers of red and yellow stripes. [21][22]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_%28Odjak_of_Algiers%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_%28Odjak_of_Algiers%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_%28Odjak_of_Algiers%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_%28Odjak_of_Algiers%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_%28Odjak_of_Algiers%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Algerian_Land_forces_%28Odjak_of_Algiers%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Algerian Land forces Flag (<a href="/wiki/Odjak_of_Algiers" title="Odjak of Algiers">Odjak of Algiers</a>), during the <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">conquest</a>, the French captured about 100 with varying numbers of red and yellow stripes. <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regimental Flag of Algiers from "The maritime flags of all nations" (1832), by Richard Holmes Laurie (1777–1858)"><img alt="Regimental Flag of Algiers from "The maritime flags of all nations" (1832), by Richard Holmes Laurie (1777–1858)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg/180px-Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg/270px-Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg/360px-Regimental_flag_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regimental Flag of Algiers from "The maritime flags of all nations" (1832), by Richard Holmes Laurie (1777–1858)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_(XVIII_siecle).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag of Algiers[23]"><img alt="War flag of Algiers[23]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_%28XVIII_siecle%29.svg/180px-Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_%28XVIII_siecle%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_%28XVIII_siecle%29.svg/270px-Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_%28XVIII_siecle%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_%28XVIII_siecle%29.svg/360px-Type_d%27%C3%A9tendard_de_gierre_%28XVIII_siecle%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/War_flag" title="War flag">War flag</a> of Algiers<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Naval_flags">Naval flags</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Naval flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_de_pavillon_maritime_(XVI_-_XVIII_siecle).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the types of merchant flags of Regency of Algiers.[20][24]"><img alt="One of the types of merchant flags of Regency of Algiers.[20][24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Type_de_pavillon_maritime_%28XVI_-_XVIII_siecle%29.svg/158px-Type_de_pavillon_maritime_%28XVI_-_XVIII_siecle%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Type_de_pavillon_maritime_%28XVI_-_XVIII_siecle%29.svg/237px-Type_de_pavillon_maritime_%28XVI_-_XVIII_siecle%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Type_de_pavillon_maritime_%28XVI_-_XVIII_siecle%29.svg/316px-Type_de_pavillon_maritime_%28XVI_-_XVIII_siecle%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the types of <a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">merchant flags</a> of Regency of Algiers.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowles_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowles-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_(XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles)_A6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers (17th-18th centuries)[25]"><img alt="Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers (17th-18th centuries)[25]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A6.svg/180px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A6.svg/270px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A6.svg/360px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers (17th-18th centuries)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_(XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles)_A8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pavilion of the regency of Algiers[26]"><img alt="A pavilion of the regency of Algiers[26]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A8.svg/158px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="158" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A8.svg/237px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A8.svg/316px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pavilion of the regency of Algiers<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the official in charge of the fleet.[27][24]"><img alt="Flag of the official in charge of the fleet.[27][24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/120px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/180px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg/240px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_Regency_of_Algiers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the official in charge of the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowles_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowles-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_(XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles)_A3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Example of a flag used by corsairs of the Algiers regency.[24]"><img alt="Example of a flag used by corsairs of the Algiers regency.[24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A3.svg/180px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A3.svg/270px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A3.svg/360px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Example of a flag used by corsairs of the Algiers regency.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowles_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowles-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_(XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles)_A4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers.[24]"><img alt="Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers.[24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A4.svg/172px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A4.svg/257px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A4.svg/343px-Pavillon_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_d%27Alger_%28XVIIe-XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cles%29_A4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pavilion of the Regency of Algiers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowles_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowles-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681. Note the various flags with crescents used by the pirates."><img alt="A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681. Note the various flags with crescents used by the pirates." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg/102px-Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg/153px-Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg/204px-Laureys_a_Castro_-_A_Sea_Fight_with_Barbary_Corsairs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1411" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>A Sea Fight with <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary Corsairs</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Laureys_a_Castro" title="Laureys a Castro">Laureys a Castro</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1681</span>. Note the various flags with crescents used by the pirates.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Ottoman Algeria</a> between the 15th and 17th century widely used flags that were emblazoned with one or more <a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">crescents</a>. These could however vary greatly in color, with dark red, black, green and white being in use. Besides these, Algerian pirates also used various flags in plain color, such as plain black ones signalling death. Less often, Algerian flags of this time also carried other motifs, such as suns, stars and crossed swords.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstam201634–37,_40,_43,_52,_56,_57_61_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstam201634–37,_40,_43,_52,_56,_57_61-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known that city of <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> used an orange flag with a white horizontal sword on it by the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstam201661_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstam201661-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_Algeria">French Algeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: French Algeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_(1848%E2%80%931910).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Merchant flag of French Algeria"><img alt="Merchant flag of French Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_%281848%E2%80%931910%29.svg/180px-Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_%281848%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_%281848%E2%80%931910%29.svg/270px-Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_%281848%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_%281848%E2%80%931910%29.svg/360px-Naval_ensign_of_French_Algeria_%281848%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Merchant_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant flag">Merchant flag</a> of <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag used by France in Algeria when as a colony and later a part of France"><img alt="Flag used by France in Algeria when as a colony and later a part of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/180px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/270px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/360px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag used by France in Algeria when as a colony and later a part of France</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a> was the period of Algerian history when the country was a colony and later a part of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, for this reason the official flag was the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">flag of France</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Algiers_(1830)" title="Invasion of Algiers (1830)">French invasion</a> began at a time when <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">France</a> used a solid <a href="/wiki/White_flag" title="White flag">white flag</a>, but during the campaign, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> in metropolitan France, the tricolor was adopted, which remained in use until the independence of the Republic of Algeria in 1962. In the 19th century there was a merchant flag used on ships coming from Algeria and it was adopted after 1848, when the territories in Algeria were integrated with Metropolitan France, creates the multicolored motifs of the striped flags of the regency. The exact rules and years of use of the striped flag are unknown. The misrepresentation of the merchant flag as the main flag of French Algeria has been happening since the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emirate_of_Abdelkader">Emirate of Abdelkader</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Emirate of Abdelkader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)"><img alt="Flag of the Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Mascara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abdelkader" title="Emirate of Abdelkader">Emirate of Abdelkader</a> (1832–1847)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regimental flag"><img alt="Regimental flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg/180px-Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg/270px-Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg/360px-Drapeau_des_reguliers_d%27Abd_el-Kader.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regimental flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Mascara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag captured by the French"><img alt="Flag captured by the French" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Mascara.svg/180px-Flag_of_Mascara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Mascara.svg/270px-Flag_of_Mascara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Mascara.svg/360px-Flag_of_Mascara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag captured by the French</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abdelkader" title="Emirate of Abdelkader">Emirate of Abdelkader</a></b> or <b>Emirate of <a href="/wiki/Mascara,_Algeria" title="Mascara, Algeria">Mascara</a></b> was a sovereign country founded by <a href="/wiki/Abdelkader_al-Jazairi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdelkader al-Jazairi">Abdelkader al-Jazairi</a> with the allegiance of the people of Algeria to resist the <a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">French conquest of Algeria</a> with its first capital at <a href="/wiki/Mascara,_Algeria" title="Mascara, Algeria">Mascara</a> then <a href="/wiki/Tagdemt" title="Tagdemt">Tagdemt</a> after it was taken by France.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many flags were used in the emirate, but the most important is the green and white one used at Abdelkader's tent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the white center was a raised <a href="/wiki/Hamsa" title="Hamsa">hand</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a> drawn surrounded by the words in gold <i>"victory from Allah and the reconquest is near, and the victory by Emir Abdelkader"</i>. Copies of this flag, although different in proportions, are kept in the Emir Abdelkader Museum in <a href="/wiki/Miliana" title="Miliana">Miliana</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_the_current_flag">History of the current flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History of the current flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_(1945).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the flags used in Sétif revolt (1945)"><img alt="One of the flags used in Sétif revolt (1945)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_%281945%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_%281945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_%281945%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_%281945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_%281945%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_S%C3%A9tif_revolt_%281945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the flags used in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9tif_and_Guelma_massacre" title="Sétif and Guelma massacre">Sétif revolt</a> (1945)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_(UDMA).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Algerian nationalists from Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto."><img alt="Flag of Algerian nationalists from Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_%28UDMA%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_%28UDMA%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_%28UDMA%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_%28UDMA%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_%28UDMA%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto_%28UDMA%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of Algerian nationalists from <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_of_the_Algerian_Manifesto" title="Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto">Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of many variants of the flag used by Algierian nationalists before gaining independence."><img alt="One of many variants of the flag used by Algierian nationalists before gaining independence." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/180px-5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/270px-5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/360px-5_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of many variants of the flag used by <a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algierian nationalists</a> before gaining independence.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of many variants of the flag used by Algierian nationalists before gaining independence."><img alt="One of many variants of the flag used by Algierian nationalists before gaining independence." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/180px-2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/270px-2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/360px-2_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of many variants of the flag used by <a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algierian nationalists</a> before gaining independence.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_(1958-1962).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963."><img alt="One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281958-1962%29.svg/180px-Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281958-1962%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281958-1962%29.svg/270px-Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281958-1962%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281958-1962%29.svg/360px-Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281958-1962%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_(1962).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963."><img alt="One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281962%29.svg/180px-Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281962%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281962%29.svg/270px-Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281962%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281962%29.svg/360px-Variant_flag_of_the_GPRA_%281962%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963."><img alt="One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/180px-3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/270px-3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg/360px-3_-_Nationalist_flags_of_Algeria_in_the_1960s.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of many variants before it was standardized in 1963.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_Nord-Africaine" title="Étoile Nord-Africaine">North African Star</a> (ENA) Association was preserved in 1926, with <a href="/wiki/Messali_Hadj" title="Messali Hadj">Messali Hadj</a> as its chairman, and one of its members was the grandson of the <a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Emir Abdelkader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Hashim" title="Khalid ibn Hashim">Khalid ibn Hashim</a>. Since 1926, this organization has used a green flag with the words "Algeria our country, Arabic our language and Islam our religion".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there is some dispute over who exactly designed the green and white with red star and crescent symbol,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_Busquant" title="Émilie Busquant">Émilie Busquant</a>, wife of the Algerian nationalist leader <a href="/wiki/Messali_Hadj" title="Messali Hadj">Messali Hadj</a>, is generally credited as having sewed the first version of the flag in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stora" title="Benjamin Stora">Benjamin Stora</a> explains that it was during a meeting of the ENA, in <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a>, that the colors of the flag were chosen, after which Émilie Busquant was tasked with sewing it.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, René Gallissot and Anissa Bouayed affirm that this is not the first appearance of the Algerian flag, as Algerian trade union demonstrators displayed this same flag (green and white with a red star and crescent) during the <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a> parades in 1919 and 1920, in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg/200px-Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg/300px-Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg/400px-Drapeau_8_mai_1945_Bouzid_Saal_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="1693" /></a><figcaption>Bouzid Saâla's example of the flag was made by PPA activists and is currently kept in the museum in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9tif" title="Sétif">Sétif</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Research by historian Mohamed Ghnanèche shows that in 1940, another flag was adopted with a red star and a white crescent placed above the center. It was then transformed by the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_People%27s_Party" title="Algerian People's Party">Algerian People's Party</a> (PPA) to its current form in 1943. According to Achour Cheurfi, the design of the current flag comes from PPA independence activists who, around 1944, commissioned a limited group to select the flag, it will be raised for the first time during <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9tif_and_Guelma_massacre" title="Sétif and Guelma massacre">demonstration in Sétif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cheurfi144_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cheurfi144-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During these events, this is carried, among others, by Bouzid Saâl, a student who will later be killed by the <a href="/wiki/French_police" class="mw-redirect" title="French police">French police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The green and white flag marked with a star and a red crescent was adopted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">National Liberation Front</a> (FLN), which led the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">fight</a> against France and was subsequently adopted in 1958 by the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Algerian_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic">Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic</a>. It was raised at the <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> Conference in August 1959, where it was officially recognized by several African countries. It is then formalized and standardized by the law of April 25, 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Algeria" title="Emblem of Algeria">Emblem of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Algerian_flags" title="List of Algerian flags">List of Algerian flags</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/dz.html">"Thanh-Tâm Lê, 2 January 1999 (crwflags.com)"</a>. 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130107013038/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/dz.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thanh-T%C3%A2m+L%C3%AA%2C+2+January+1999+%28crwflags.com%29&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fdz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChebel2001">Chebel 2001</a>, p. 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLux-Wurm2001">Lux-Wurm 2001</a>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FlagDB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FlagDB_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flagdb.com/algeria">"The Flag of Algeria"</a>. <i>flagdb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flagdb.com&rft.atitle=The+Flag+of+Algeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flagdb.com%2Falgeria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMerzouk2008">Merzouk 2008</a>, p. 253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStora1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stora" title="Benjamin Stora">Stora, Benjamin</a> (1985). <i>Dictionnaire biographique de militants nationalistes algériens</i> (in French). p. 74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+biographique+de+militants+nationalistes+alg%C3%A9riens&rft.pages=74&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Stora&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Arabic)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hukam.net/family.php?fam=44">Drapeaux des Hafsides souverain de Tunis et Béjaïa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240323134722/http://www.hukam.net/family.php?fam=44">Archived</a> 2024-03-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFتوفيق1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">توفيق, مدني، أحمد (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bSZZvgAACAAJ"><i>حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا، 1492-1792</i></a> (in Arabic). المؤسسة الوطنية للكتاب،. p. 175. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145123/https://books.google.com/books?id=bSZZvgAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A9+%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%8C+1492-1792&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%8C&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&rft.aufirst=%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%8C+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbSZZvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrot1910" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Garrot, Henri (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p-xAAAAAYAAJ"><i>Histoire générale de l'Algérie</i></a> (in French). Impr. P. Crescenzo. p. 360. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230708151138/https://books.google.com/books?id=p-xAAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27Alg%C3%A9rie&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Impr.+P.+Crescenzo&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Garrot&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp-xAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarek_Kahlaoui2018" class="citation book cs1">Tarek Kahlaoui (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DsZKDwAAQBAJ&dq=algiers+yellow+green+red+flag&pg=PA216"><i>Creating the Mediterranean Maps and the Islamic Imagination</i></a>. Brill. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004347380" title="Special:BookSources/9789004347380"><bdi>9789004347380</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145130/https://books.google.com/books?id=DsZKDwAAQBAJ&dq=algiers+yellow+green+red+flag&pg=PA216">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+the+Mediterranean+Maps+and+the+Islamic+Imagination&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9789004347380&rft.au=Tarek+Kahlaoui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDsZKDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dalgiers%2Byellow%2Bgreen%2Bred%2Bflag%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougall2017" class="citation cs2">McDougall, James, ed. (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-algeria/ecologies-societies-cultures-and-the-state-15161830/6C59DEAD9F70913EC060EDD1465FA6A5">"Ecologies, Societies, Cultures and the State, 1516–1830"</a>, <i>A History of Algeria</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9–48, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781139029230.003">10.1017/9781139029230.003</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85164-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85164-0"><bdi>978-0-521-85164-0</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903152736/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-algeria/ecologies-societies-cultures-and-the-state-15161830/6C59DEAD9F70913EC060EDD1465FA6A5">archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-14</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+History+of+Algeria&rft.atitle=Ecologies%2C+Societies%2C+Cultures+and+the+State%2C+1516%E2%80%931830&rft.pages=9-48&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781139029230.003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85164-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fhistory-of-algeria%2Fecologies-societies-cultures-and-the-state-15161830%2F6C59DEAD9F70913EC060EDD1465FA6A5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaïd1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gaïd, Mouloud (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LONyAAAAMAAJ"><i>L'Algérie sous les Turcs</i></a> (in French). Maison tunisienne de l'édition. p. 58. <q>The great flag of Algiers, formed of three bands of silk in red, green and yellow, majestically deployed over the gate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Alg%C3%A9rie+sous+les+Turcs&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Maison+tunisienne+de+l%27%C3%A9dition&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Ga%C3%AFd&rft.aufirst=Mouloud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLONyAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fL01AQAAMAAJ&dq=r%C3%A9gence&pg=PA193"><i>Fondation de la régence d'Alger: histoire des Barberousse, chronique arabe du XVIe siècle, publiée sur un manuscrit de la Bibliothèque royale, avec un appendice et des notes : expédition de Charles-Quint</i></a> (in French). Bouslama. 1837. p. 193. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145146/https://books.google.com/books?id=fL01AQAAMAAJ&dq=r%C3%A9gence+d%27alger+rouge+vert+pg=PA193">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>. <q>it was from the top of its vast terraces (Jenina palace) on which floated the red, yellow and green standard</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fondation+de+la+r%C3%A9gence+d%27Alger%3A+histoire+des+Barberousse%2C+chronique+arabe+du+XVIe+si%C3%A8cle%2C+publi%C3%A9e+sur+un+manuscrit+de+la+Biblioth%C3%A8que+royale%2C+avec+un+appendice+et+des+notes+%3A+exp%C3%A9dition+de+Charles-Quint&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Bouslama&rft.date=1837&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfL01AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dr%25C3%25A9gence%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrohojowska.])1875" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Drohojowska.]), A. S. de DONCOURT (Chevalier, pseud [i e the Countess Antoinette Joséphine Fránçoise Anne (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qcvnOdiCZKYC&pg=PA112"><i>Les Fastes de la Marine Française. Marine militaire</i></a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145130/https://books.google.com/books?id=qcvnOdiCZKYC&pg=PA112">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Fastes+de+la+Marine+Fran%C3%A7aise.+Marine+militaire&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Drohojowska.%5D%29&rft.aufirst=A.+S.+de+DONCOURT+%28Chevalier%2C+pseud+%5Bi+e+the+Countess+Antoinette+Jos%C3%A9phine+Fr%C3%A1n%C3%A7oise+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqcvnOdiCZKYC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarine1869" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Farine, Charles (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KrfNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA301"><i>Deux pirates au XVIe siècle: histoire des Barberousse</i></a> (in French). P. Ducrocq. p. 501. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145139/https://books.google.com/books?id=KrfNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA301">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deux+pirates+au+XVIe+si%C3%A8cle%3A+histoire+des+Barberousse&rft.pages=501&rft.pub=P.+Ducrocq&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Farine&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKrfNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarius_Bernard1887" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marius Bernard (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yAU6AQAAIAAJ"><i>L'Algérie qui s'en va</i></a> (in French). Plon, Nourrit. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Alg%C3%A9rie+qui+s%27en+va&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Plon%2C+Nourrit&rft.date=1887&rft.au=Marius+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyAU6AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDROHOJOWSKA1848" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">DROHOJOWSKA, Countess Antoinette Joséphine Françoise Anne (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WqxXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136"><i>L'historie d'Algérie, racontée à la jeunesse ... ouvrage ... précédé d'une préface de D. Lévi Alvarès ... et faisant suite au cours d'histoires racontées á la jeunesse ... par M. Lamé Fleury</i></a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145127/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqxXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27historie+d%27Alg%C3%A9rie%2C+racont%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+la+jeunesse+...+ouvrage+...+pr%C3%A9c%C3%A9d%C3%A9+d%27une+pr%C3%A9face+de+D.+L%C3%A9vi+Alvar%C3%A8s+...+et+faisant+suite+au+cours+d%27histoires+racont%C3%A9es+%C3%A1+la+jeunesse+...+par+M.+Lam%C3%A9+Fleury&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=DROHOJOWSKA&rft.aufirst=Countess+Antoinette+Jos%C3%A9phine+Fran%C3%A7oise+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWqxXAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLéon_Galibert1844" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Léon Galibert (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zSm2QuVMWWwC&pg=PA181"><i>ancienne et moderne depuis les premiers éstablissements des Carthaginois jusqu'à la prise de la Smalah d'Abd-el-Kader</i></a> (in French). Furne. p. 181. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145118/https://books.google.com/books?id=zSm2QuVMWWwC&dq=drapeau+d%27alger+rouge+vert+jaune&pg=PA181">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ancienne+et+moderne+depuis+les+premiers+%C3%A9stablissements+des+Carthaginois+jusqu%27%C3%A0+la+prise+de+la+Smalah+d%27Abd-el-Kader&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Furne&rft.date=1844&rft.au=L%C3%A9on+Galibert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzSm2QuVMWWwC%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFمولود_قاسم_نايت_بلقاسم1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">مولود قاسم نايت بلقاسم (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2eFyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1"><i>شخصية الجزائر الدولية وهيبتها العالم العالمية قبل سنة ١٨٣٠, Volume 1</i></a> (in Arabic). دار البعث. p. 142. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145212/https://books.google.com/books?id=2eFyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84+%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9+%D9%A1%D9%A8%D9%A3%D9%A0%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB&rft.date=1985&rft.au=%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85+%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2eFyAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B1%2B%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B6%25D8%25B1%2B%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B5%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%2B%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Lux-Wurm2001" class="citation book cs1">Pierre Lux-Wurm (2001). <i>Les drapeaux de l'islam</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buchet-Chastel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buchet-Chastel (page does not exist)">Buchet-Chastel</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-283-01813-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-283-01813-2"><bdi>978-2-283-01813-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+drapeaux+de+l%27islam&rft.pub=Buchet-Chastel&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-283-01813-2&rft.au=Pierre+Lux-Wurm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ezIrAQAAIAAJ&q=yellow+algiers"><i>Flag Bulletin</i></a>. Flag Research Center. 1986. p. 166. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417145213/https://books.google.com/books?id=ezIrAQAAIAAJ&q=yellow+algiers">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flag+Bulletin&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Flag+Research+Center.&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DezIrAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dyellow%2Balgiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fotw.info/flags/dz_1776.html#rys">"Algeria: Miscellaneous flag reports, late 18th - early 19th century"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210171852/https://www.fotw.info/flags/dz_1776.html#rys">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Algeria%3A+Miscellaneous+flag+reports%2C+late+18th+-+early+19th+century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fotw.info%2Fflags%2Fdz_1776.html%23rys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Dubreuil, Les pavillons des États musulmans, Publications de la Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines de Rabat, 1965, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowles-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowles_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowles_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowles_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowles_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarington_Bowles1783" class="citation book cs1">Carington Bowles (1783). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bowles%27s_naval_flags_of_the_world,_1783.jpg"><i>Bowles's universal display of the naval flags of all nations in the world</i></a>. Londres. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113175716/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bowles%27s_naval_flags_of_the_world,_1783.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bowles%27s+universal+display+of+the+naval+flags+of+all+nations+in+the+world&rft.place=Londres&rft.date=1783&rft.au=Carington+Bowles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ABowles%2527s_naval_flags_of_the_world%2C_1783.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Dubreuil, Les pavillons des États musulmans, Publications de la Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines de Rabat, 1965, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Dubreuil, Les pavillons des États musulmans, Publications de la Faculté des lettres et des sciences humaines de Rabat, 1965, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hubert-herald.nl/Algeria.htm">"AL DJAZAIR Algeria"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234423/http://www.hubert-herald.nl/Algeria.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AL+DJAZAIR+Algeria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hubert-herald.nl%2FAlgeria.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstam201634–37,_40,_43,_52,_56,_57_61-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstam201634–37,_40,_43,_52,_56,_57_61_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKonstam2016">Konstam (2016)</a>, pp. 34–37, 40, 43, 52, 56, 57 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstam201661-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstam201661_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKonstam2016">Konstam (2016)</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.listal.com/list/cigarette-cards-1908-flag-girls">"Cigarette Cards: Flag Girls (1908)"</a>. <i>www.listal.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220715233612/https://www.listal.com/list/cigarette-cards-1908-flag-girls">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.listal.com&rft.atitle=Cigarette+Cards%3A+Flag+Girls+%281908%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.listal.com%2Flist%2Fcigarette-cards-1908-flag-girls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedgwick2016" class="citation book cs1">Sedgwick, Mark (2016-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sjxADQAAQBAJ&q=Emirate+of+Abdelkader&pg=PT142"><i>Western Sufism: From the Abbasids to the New Age</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997766-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-997766-6"><bdi>978-0-19-997766-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Sufism%3A+From+the+Abbasids+to+the+New+Age&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft.isbn=978-0-19-997766-6&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsjxADQAAQBAJ%26q%3DEmirate%2Bof%2BAbdelkader%26pg%3DPT142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://djelfalger.blogspot.com/2016/11/passage-la-manufacture-darmes-de-lemir.html">"Le sel de la terre: Passage à la manufacture d'armes de l'Emir Abdelkader à Miliana"</a>. 13 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231226104219/https://djelfalger.blogspot.com/2016/11/passage-la-manufacture-darmes-de-lemir.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+sel+de+la+terre%3A+Passage+%C3%A0+la+manufacture+d%27armes+de+l%27Emir+Abdelkader+%C3%A0+Miliana&rft.date=2016-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdjelfalger.blogspot.com%2F2016%2F11%2Fpassage-la-manufacture-darmes-de-lemir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadouni1990" class="citation book cs1">Sadouni, Brahim (1990). <i>Le drapeau: écrit d'un harki</i>. L'Harmattan. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+drapeau%3A+%C3%A9crit+d%27un+harki&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Sadouni&rft.aufirst=Brahim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouda1997" class="citation news cs1">Houda, B. (20 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313033105/http://www.al-djazair.com/drapeaualgerien.html">"Le vert, le blanc, l'étoile et le croissant Qui a conçu le drapeau algérien ?"</a>. El Watan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-djazair.com/drapeaualgerien.html">the original</a> on 13 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+vert%2C+le+blanc%2C+l%27%C3%A9toile+et+le+croissant+Qui+a+con%C3%A7u+le+drapeau+alg%C3%A9rien+%3F&rft.date=1997-08-20&rft.aulast=Houda&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-djazair.com%2Fdrapeaualgerien.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessous" class="citation news cs1">Kessous, Mustapha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/televisions-radio/article/2015/01/26/emilie-busquant-la-plus-algerienne-des-francaises_4563515_1655027.html">"Emilie Busquant la plus algerienne des francaises"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221118074303/https://www.lemonde.fr/televisions-radio/article/2015/01/26/emilie-busquant-la-plus-algerienne-des-francaises_4563515_1655027.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Emilie+Busquant+la+plus+algerienne+des+francaises&rft.aulast=Kessous&rft.aufirst=Mustapha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Ftelevisions-radio%2Farticle%2F2015%2F01%2F26%2Femilie-busquant-la-plus-algerienne-des-francaises_4563515_1655027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Stora" title="Benjamin Stora">Benjamin Stora</a>, <i>Nationalistes algériens et révolutionnaires français au temps du Front populaire</i>, L'Harmattan, 1987, p. 94, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D8O7GRyD5eoC&dq=stora+drapeau+abd+el+kader&pg=PA94">extrait en ligne</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008170712/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8O7GRyD5eoC&dq=stora+drapeau+abd+el+kader&pg=PA94">Archived</a> 2023-10-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRené_GallissotAnissa_Bouayed2006" class="citation book cs1">René Gallissot; Anissa Bouayed (2006). <i>Algérie. Engagements sociaux et question nationale : de la colonisation à l'indépendance de 1830 à 1962</i>. Éditions de l'Atelier. p. 176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alg%C3%A9rie.+Engagements+sociaux+et+question+nationale+%3A+de+la+colonisation+%C3%A0+l%27ind%C3%A9pendance+de+1830+%C3%A0+1962&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+de+l%27Atelier&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Ren%C3%A9+Gallissot&rft.au=Anissa+Bouayed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallissot2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Gallissot, René (December 30, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/insaniyat/6325">"Deux notices du Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier-Algérie"</a>. <i>Insaniyat / إنسانيات. Revue algérienne d'anthropologie et de sciences sociales</i>. 25–26 (25–26): 143–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Finsaniyat.6325">10.4000/insaniyat.6325</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1111-2050">1111-2050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217164208/https://journals.openedition.org/insaniyat/6325">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insaniyat+%2F+%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA.+Revue+alg%C3%A9rienne+d%27anthropologie+et+de+sciences+sociales&rft.atitle=Deux+notices+du+Dictionnaire+biographique+du+mouvement+ouvrier-Alg%C3%A9rie&rft.volume=25-26&rft.issue=25%E2%80%9326&rft.pages=143-158&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Finsaniyat.6325&rft.issn=1111-2050&rft.aulast=Gallissot&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Finsaniyat%2F6325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheurfi144-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cheurfi144_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheurfi2004">Cheurfi 2004</a>, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Achour Cheurfi, La révolution algérienne (1954-1962) : Dictionnaire biographique, Casbah éditions, 2004, 495 p. (ISBN 978-9961-64-478-2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madoui.chez-alice.fr/madoui.histoire7.html">"Repères chronologiques de la guerre d'Algérie"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112215723/http://madoui.chez-alice.fr/madoui.histoire7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rep%C3%A8res+chronologiques+de+la+guerre+d%27Alg%C3%A9rie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmadoui.chez-alice.fr%2Fmadoui.histoire7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChebel2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malek_Chebel" title="Malek Chebel">Chebel, Malek</a> (2001). <i>Dictionnaire des symboles musulmans</i>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Albin_Michel" title="Éditions Albin Michel">Éditions Albin Michel</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+symboles+musulmans&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Albin+Michel&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Chebel&rft.aufirst=Malek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheurfi2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cheurfi, Achour (2004). <i>La révolution algérienne (1954-1962): Dictionnaire biographique</i> (in French). Casbah éditions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9961-64-478-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9961-64-478-2"><bdi>978-9961-64-478-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+r%C3%A9volution+alg%C3%A9rienne+%281954-1962%29%3A+Dictionnaire+biographique&rft.pub=Casbah+%C3%A9ditions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-9961-64-478-2&rft.aulast=Cheurfi&rft.aufirst=Achour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonstam2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Konstam" title="Angus Konstam">Konstam, Angus</a> (2016). <i>The Barbary Pirates. 15th–17th Centuries</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1543-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4728-1543-9"><bdi>978-1-4728-1543-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Barbary+Pirates.+15th%E2%80%9317th+Centuries&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4728-1543-9&rft.aulast=Konstam&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLux-Wurm2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lux-Wurm, Pierre (2001). <i>Les drapeaux de l'islam</i> (in French). Buchet-Chastel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-283-01813-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-283-01813-2"><bdi>978-2-283-01813-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+drapeaux+de+l%27islam&rft.pub=Buchet-Chastel&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-283-01813-2&rft.aulast=Lux-Wurm&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerzouk2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Merzouk, Khaled (2008). <i>Messali Hadj et ses compagnons a Tlemecen : récits et anecdotes de son époque, 1898-1974</i> (in French). El Dar El Othmania.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Messali+Hadj+et+ses+compagnons+a+Tlemecen+%3A+r%C3%A9cits+et+anecdotes+de+son+%C3%A9poque%2C+1898-1974&rft.pub=El+Dar+El+Othmania&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Merzouk&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+Algeria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_Algeria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flags_of_Algeria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Flags of Algeria">Flags of Algeria</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotw.info/flags/dz.html">Algeria</a> at <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flagscorner.com/algeria-flag/">Flag of Algeria at flagscorner.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212120133/http://www.flagscorner.com/algeria-flag/">Archived</a> 2019-12-12 at the <a 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_the_Arab_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_Flags" title="Template:Arab Flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_Flags" title="Template talk:Arab Flags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_Flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab Flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_the_Arab_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_flags" title="List of Arab flags">Flags of the Arab States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bahrain" title="Flag of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Djibouti" title="Flag of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" title="Flag of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iraq" title="Flag of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jordan" title="Flag of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kuwait" title="Flag of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lebanon" title="Flag of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritania" title="Flag of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Morocco" title="Flag of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Oman" title="Flag of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Palestine</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" title="Flag of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Flag of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Western_Sahara" title="Flag of Western Sahara">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somalia" title="Flag of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somaliland" title="Flag of Somaliland">Somaliland</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sudan" title="Flag of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" title="Flag of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tunisia" title="Flag of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen" title="Flag of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg/100px-A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg/150px-A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg/200px-A_map_of_the_Arab_World_with_flags.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="575" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">partially unrecognized</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Africa" title="Flags of Africa">Flags of Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Angola" title="Flag of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Benin" title="Flag of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Botswana" title="Flag of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Flag of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Burundi" title="Flag of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cameroon" title="Flag of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cape_Verde" title="Flag of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Flag of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Chad" title="Flag of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Comoros" title="Flag of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Flag of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Djibouti" title="Flag of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" title="Flag of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Flag of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Eritrea" title="Flag of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Eswatini" title="Flag of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ethiopia" title="Flag of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gabon" title="Flag of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Gambia" title="Flag of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ghana" title="Flag of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea" title="Flag of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Flag of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Flag of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kenya" title="Flag of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lesotho" title="Flag of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Liberia" title="Flag of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Libya" title="Flag of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Madagascar" title="Flag of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malawi" title="Flag of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mali" title="Flag of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritania" title="Flag of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mauritius" title="Flag of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Morocco" title="Flag of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mozambique" title="Flag of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Namibia" title="Flag of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Niger" title="Flag of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nigeria" title="Flag of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Rwanda" title="Flag of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Senegal" title="Flag of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Seychelles" title="Flag of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Flag of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somalia" title="Flag of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Africa" title="Flag of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Sudan" title="Flag of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sudan" title="Flag of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tanzania" title="Flag of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Togo" title="Flag of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tunisia" title="Flag of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Uganda" title="Flag of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Zambia" title="Flag of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Zimbabwe" title="Flag of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Somaliland" title="Flag of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Flag of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ceuta" title="Flag of Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Melilla" title="Flag of Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Madeira" title="Flag of Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_R%C3%A9union" title="Flag of Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Flag of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_flags" title="Template:National flags"><abbr 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