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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Common+Language+Infrastructure" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Common+Language+Infrastructure" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu 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id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Specifica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Specifica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standardizzazione_e_licenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardizzazione_e_licenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Standardizzazione e licenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standardizzazione_e_licenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Implementazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Common Language Infrastructure</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 24 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%8A" title="سي إل أي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سي إل أي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestructura_de_lenguaje_com%C3%BAn" title="Infraestructura de lenguaje común - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Infraestructura de lenguaje común" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="زیرساخت زبان مشترک - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیرساخت زبان مشترک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastruktur_Bahasa_Umum" title="Infrastruktur Bahasa Umum - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Infrastruktur Bahasa Umum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9B%A4" title="共通言語基盤 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共通言語基盤" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%86%B5_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B0%98" title="공통 언어 기반 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공통 언어 기반" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraestrutura_de_linguagem_comum" title="Infraestrutura de linguagem comum - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Infraestrutura de linguagem comum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Општа језичка инфраструктура - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Општа језичка инфраструктура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1" title="โครงสร้างพื้นฐานภาษาร่วม - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงสร้างพื้นฐานภาษาร่วม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Common Language Infrastructure" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_s%E1%BB%9F_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_d%C3%B9ng_chung" title="Cơ sở ngôn ngữ dùng chung - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ sở ngôn ngữ dùng chung" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84" title="通用语言架构 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通用语言架构" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q835904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Common_Language_Infrastructure" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&oldid=126748074" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Common_Language_Infrastructure&id=126748074&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCommon_Language_Infrastructure"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCommon_Language_Infrastructure"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Common+Language+Infrastructure"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q835904" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento programmazione <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Il <b>Common Language Infrastructure</b> (<b>CLI</b>), in italiano "infrastruttura del linguaggio comune", è una specifica aperta sviluppata da <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, che descrive il <a href="/wiki/Codice_eseguibile" class="mw-redirect" title="Codice eseguibile">codice eseguibile</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Ambiente_di_esecuzione" title="Ambiente di esecuzione">ambiente di esecuzione</a> che costituisce il cuore del <a href="/wiki/Framework_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework .NET">framework .NET</a>. La specifica definisce un ambiente che permette a più linguaggi ad alto livello di essere utilizzati su differenti <a href="/wiki/Piattaforma_(informatica)" title="Piattaforma (informatica)">piattaforme</a> senza la necessità di essere riscritti per specifiche architetture hardware o software. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifica">Specifica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Specifica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Specifica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il CLI è solo una <i>specifica</i> e non una <i>implementazione</i>, ed è spesso confusa con il <a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime">Common Language Runtime</a> che contiene caratteristiche non incluse nella specifica. </p><p>La specifica CLI è divisa in quattro parti: </p> <ul><li>Il <i>Common Type System</i> o CTS: un insieme di tipi di dato e di operazioni su di essi.</li> <li>I <i>Metadata</i>: le informazioni sulla struttura del programma. Esse sono indipendenti dal linguaggio di partenza per permettere a programmi scritti in linguaggi differenti di comunicare tra loro.</li> <li>La <i>Common Language Specification</i> o CLS.</li> <li>Il <i>Virtual Execution System</i> o VES: il sistema che esegue i programmi CLI.</li></ul> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Compilazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Compilazione">compilazione</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Programma_(informatica)" title="Programma (informatica)">programma</a> in linguaggio .NET compatibile viene tradotto in istruzioni di tipo <i><a href="/wiki/Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">Common Intermediate Language</a></i> (CIL), un linguaggio intermedio indipendente dalla piattaforma. Per eseguire un programma in linguaggio CIL, un VES specifico per la piattaforma traduce le istruzioni CIL in <a href="/wiki/Linguaggio_macchina" title="Linguaggio macchina">linguaggio macchina</a>, un linguaggio direttamente comprensibile dal <a href="/wiki/Processore" title="Processore">processore</a> della piattaforma, che è così in grado di eseguire le istruzioni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardizzazione_e_licenza">Standardizzazione e licenza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Standardizzazione e licenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Standardizzazione e licenza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nell'agosto del <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> e altri lavorarono per standardizzare il CLI. Nel dicembre del <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> lo standard fu ratificato dall'<a href="/wiki/ECMA" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA">ECMA</a>, e nell'aprile del <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> è diventato uno standard <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>. </p><p>Mentre Microsoft e i suoi partner detengono i brevetti per il CLI, sia l'ECMA che l'ISO richiedono che tutti i brevetti essenziali per l'implementazione devono essere disponibili sotto termini "ragionevoli e non discriminatori" (RAND). Nel 2009 le aziende coinvolte si sono invece trovate d'accordo di rendere i brevetti disponibili sotto termini liberi da royalties o altrimenti di tipo RAND. L'accordo è detto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise (la pagina non esiste)">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a>, e stabilisce che Microsoft e i suoi partner non perseguiranno legalmente coloro che realizzeranno una personale implementazione delle specifiche dello standard CLI (coperto da brevetto). Coloro che desiderano realizzare una propria implementazione delle specifiche CLI, hanno il permesso di estendere lo standard, tramite nuovi <i>metodi</i>, nuovi tipi per <i>classi</i> e nuovi <i>namespace</i>, ma non possono aggiungere o definire nuove <i>interface</i>. </p><p>Nel 2012, è stata pubblicata la nuova edizione dello standard CLI, ma questa nuova versione non è stata coperta dall'accordo <i>Microsoft Open Specification Promise</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementazioni">Implementazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Implementazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Implementazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_.NET" title="Microsoft .NET">Microsoft .NET</a> è l'implementazione commerciale della Microsoft, che contiene anche un'ampia collezione di risorse, librerie e strumenti di sviluppo.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shared_Source_Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure (la pagina non esiste)">Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure</a> è una implementazione di riferimento della Microsoft disponibile sotto una licenza di tipo <a href="/wiki/Shared_source" title="Shared source">Shared source</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(progetto)" title="Mono (progetto)">Mono</a> è una implementazione <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> e multipiattaforma sponsorizzata da <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portable.NET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portable.NET (la pagina non esiste)">Portable.NET</a>, parte del progetto <a href="/wiki/DotGNU" title="DotGNU">dotGNU</a>, è un'altra implementazione open source.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Infrastructure&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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