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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The offensive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Remsense" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Remsense" data-mw-revid="1259299468"><bdi>Remsense</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Remsense" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Remsense">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Remsense" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&diff=prev&oldid=1259299468" title="Samland offensive">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&direction=prev&oldid=1259299468" title="Samland offensive">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">WWII Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Samland offensive</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Front of World War II">Eastern Front of World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>April 13 – April 25, 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Sambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambia">Sambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> (now Kaliningrad Oblast)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Soviet Victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Soviet Union"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gollnick" title="Hans Gollnick">Hans Gollnick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Saucken" title="Dietrich von Saucken">Dietrich von Saucken</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Bagramyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovhannes Bagramyan">Hovhannes Bagramyan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/XXVIII_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="XXVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">Army Detachment Samland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Armee_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Armee Ostpreußen">Armee Ostpreußen</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Zemland_Group_of_Forces" title="Zemland Group of Forces">Zemland Group of Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Soviet claim:</b> 80,000 KIA or POW</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Poland_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Poland 1944–1945"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Poland_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Poland 1944–1945"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poland_and_Eastern_Germany_1944–45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a> and Eastern Germany 1944–45</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_offensive" title="Vilnius offensive">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belostok_offensive" title="Belostok offensive">Belostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin%E2%80%93Brest_offensive" title="Lublin–Brest offensive">Lublin–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osovets_offensive" title="Osovets offensive">Osovets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Studzianki" title="Battle of Studzianki">Studzianki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Lvov–Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Radzymin_(1944)" title="Battle of Radzymin (1944)">Radzymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memel" title="Battle of Memel">Memel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Dukla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_Operation" title="Gumbinnen Operation">Gumbinnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_offensive" title="Baltic offensive">2nd Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozna%C5%84_(1945)" title="Battle of Poznań (1945)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandomierz%E2%80%93Silesian_offensive" title="Sandomierz–Silesian offensive">Sandomierz–Silesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">East Prussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Battle of Königsberg">Königsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenbeil_Pocket" title="Heiligenbeil Pocket">Heiligenbeil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive" title="East Pomeranian offensive">East Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Kolberg (1945)">Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1945)" title="Siege of Danzig (1945)">Danzig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_offensives" title="Silesian offensives">Silesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_offensive" title="Lower Silesian offensive">Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_offensive" title="Upper Silesian offensive">Upper Silesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">Breslau</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a> operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murowana_Oszmianka" title="Battle of Murowana Oszmianka">Murowana Oszmianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Porytowe_Wzg%C3%B3rze" title="Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze">Porytowe Wzgórze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama"><i>Ostra Brama</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C4%99cice" title="Battle of Pęcice">Pęcice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schoenfeld" title="Battle of Schoenfeld">Schoenfeld</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Doppelkopf" title="Operation Doppelkopf"><i>Doppelkopf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solstice" title="Operation Solstice"><i>Solstice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hannibal" title="Operation Hannibal"><i>Hannibal</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Samland offensive</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> offensive on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> in the final stages of World War II. It took place in <a href="/wiki/Sambia_Peninsula" title="Sambia Peninsula">Sambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Samland</i>); (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">земланд</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Zemland</i></span>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">East Prussian offensive</a>, which commenced on January 13, 1945, had seen the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> clear German forces from much of <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>. The defenders had been driven into a series of <a href="/wiki/Salients,_re-entrants_and_pockets" class="mw-redirect" title="Salients, re-entrants and pockets">pockets</a> on the Baltic coast and in the city of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a>, in which they were besieged. </p><p>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Vasilevsky" title="Aleksandr Vasilevsky">Aleksandr Vasilevsky</a>, who had taken over command of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Belorussian_Front" title="3rd Belorussian Front">3rd Belorussian Front</a> in February, incorporated General <a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Bagramyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovhannes Bagramyan">Hovhannes Bagramyan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1st_Baltic_Front" title="1st Baltic Front">1st Baltic Front</a> into his command from February 22, redesignating it as the Zemland Army Group (or Samland Front).<sup id="cite_ref-duffyp203_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duffyp203-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagramyan's forces initially laid siege to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a>; the city was eventually <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Battle of Königsberg">stormed</a> on April 9. They were then given the task of overcoming the substantial German force still remaining in <a href="/wiki/Sambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambia">Sambia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_planning">German planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: German planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German defence efforts had largely focused on the port of <a href="/wiki/Pillau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillau">Pillau</a> at the tip of the peninsula, which was the main evacuation point for casualties and East Prussian civilians. Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Battle of Königsberg">Battle of Königsberg</a>, Sambia had been defended by <a href="/wiki/XXVIII_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="XXVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">Army Detachment Samland</a> under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Hans_Gollnick" title="Hans Gollnick">Hans Gollnick</a>, who had tried to maintain a corridor between Königsberg and Pillau. </p><p>On April 7, the remnants of <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="2nd Army (Wehrmacht)">Second</a> and <a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="4th Army (Wehrmacht)">Fourth</a> Armies, which had been destroyed in encirclements at <a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive" title="East Pomeranian offensive">Danzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heiligenbeil_Pocket" title="Heiligenbeil Pocket">Heiligenbeil</a> respectively, were combined as <i><a href="/wiki/Armee_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Armee Ostpreußen">Armee Ostpreußen</a></i> with the task of defending Sambia, the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> delta and the <a href="/wiki/Hel_Peninsula" title="Hel Peninsula">Hel Peninsula</a>; Gollnick's troops were incorporated in it. </p><p>Most of the units of <i>Armee Ostpreußen</i> were little more than remnants, and the entire formation was very poorly supplied. During the battle for Sambia, its officers were outraged to discover that the <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> had maintained large underground depots full of stores and fuel in the woods of the peninsula; the supplies had to be destroyed in the retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-duffyp384_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duffyp384-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployments">Deployments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Deployments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Army">Red Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Red Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Samland Army Group (General <a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Bagramyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovhannes Bagramyan">Hovhannes Bagramyan</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Guards_Army" title="2nd Guards Army">2nd Guards Army</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Porfiry_Chanchibadze" title="Porfiry Chanchibadze">Porfiry Chanchibadze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Guards_Army" title="11th Guards Army">11th Guards Army</a> (General <a href="/wiki/Kuzma_Galitsky" title="Kuzma Galitsky">Kuzma Galitsky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="5th Army (Soviet Union)">5th Army</a> (Colonel-General <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Ivanovich_Krylov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Ivanovich Krylov">Nikolay Krylov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="49th Army">49th Army</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Grishin" title="Ivan Grishin">Ivan Grishin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="43rd Army (Soviet Union)">43rd Army</a> (General <a href="/wiki/Afanasy_Beloborodov" title="Afanasy Beloborodov">Afanasy Beloborodov</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wehrmacht"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elements of <i><a href="/wiki/Army_East_Prussia_(Wehrmacht)" title="Army East Prussia (Wehrmacht)">Armee Ostpreußen</a></i> (General <a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Saucken" title="Dietrich von Saucken">Dietrich von Saucken</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XXVI_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXVI Corps (Germany)">XXVI Corps</a> (General <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Matzky" title="Gerhard Matzky">Gerhard Matzky</a>) (remnants of <a href="/wiki/58th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="58th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">58th</a>, <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">1st</a>, and <a href="/wiki/21st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="21st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">21st</a> Infantry Divisions, <a href="/wiki/5th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="5th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">5th Panzer Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/28th_J%C3%A4ger_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="28th Jäger Division (Germany)">28th Jäger Division</a>, and <a href="/wiki/561st_Volksgrenadier_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="561st Volksgrenadier Division (Germany)">561st Volksgrenadier Division</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LV_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="LV Corps (Germany)">LV Corps</a> / 'Fortress <a href="/wiki/Pillau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillau">Pillau</a>' (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Chill" title="Kurt Chill">Kurt Chill</a>) (remnants of <a href="/wiki/50th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="50th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">50th</a> and <a href="/wiki/286th_Security_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="286th Security Division (Germany)">286th</a> Infantry Divisions and <a href="/wiki/558th_Volksgrenadier_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="558th Volksgrenadier Division (Germany)">558th Volksgrenadier Division</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IX_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="IX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">IX Corps</a> (General <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Wuthmann" title="Rolf Wuthmann">Rolf Wuthmann</a> to April 20, then Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hohn" title="Hermann Hohn">Hermann Hohn</a>) (remnants of <a href="/wiki/95th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="95th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">95th</a>, <a href="/wiki/93rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="93rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">93rd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/14th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="14th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">14th</a> Infantry Divisions, <a href="/wiki/551st_Volksgrenadier_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="551st Volksgrenadier Division (Germany)">551st Volksgrenadier Division</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Panzer-Grenadier-Division_Gro%C3%9Fdeutschland" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer-Grenadier-Division Großdeutschland">Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland</a></i>)</li> <li>Elements of <a href="/wiki/502nd_Heavy_Panzer_Battalion#Re-designated_to_511" title="502nd Heavy Panzer Battalion">Heavy Panzer Battalion 511</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=505th_Heavy_Tank_Battalion_(Germany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="505th Heavy Tank Battalion (Germany) (page does not exist)">Heavy Panzer Battalion 505</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_offensive">The offensive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The offensive plan called for the 5th and 39th Armies to break through towards <a href="/wiki/Fischhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fischhausen">Fischhausen</a> as the main strike force, with the 11th Guards Army in reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-bagramyanp576_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagramyanp576-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2nd Guards Army would attack in the north, with the 43rd Army breaking through on the southern flank. There would also be amphibious landings in the south of Sambia. The 3rd Belorussian Front's head of intelligence suggested that they faced up to 100,000 defending troops<sup id="cite_ref-bagramyanp575_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagramyanp575-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by shortening the frontage of each unit the attackers were able to achieve a superiority of two to one in men and three to one in artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-bagramyanp576_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagramyanp576-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagramyan issued a call for the defenders to surrender in exchange for fair treatment and medical assistance for the wounded, but this went unanswered, and the offensive commenced with an artillery barrage and air attacks on April 13. </p><p>The initial attack scattered many of the remaining German forces, some falling back towards Pillau. The Soviet <a href="/w/index.php?title=115th_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="115th Rifle Division (Soviet Union) (page does not exist)">115th Rifle Division</a> broke through and cleared the 551st Volksgrenadier Division from <a href="/wiki/Rauschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rauschen">Rauschen</a> on the north-western tip of Sambia; the German forces in the north of the peninsula, including the 95th Infantry Division and parts of Heavy Panzer Battalion 511, were driven southwards into <a href="/wiki/Palmnicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmnicken">Palmnicken</a> and destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-schneiderp91_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schneiderp91-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By April 16, Soviet forces broke through near Fischhausen; parts of XXVI Corps, including the 5th Panzer and 28th Jäger Divisions became cut off on the peninsula at <a href="/wiki/Peyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Peyse">Peyse</a>, and were lost.<sup id="cite_ref-duffyp219_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duffyp219-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A defence line, the <i>Tenkitten-Riegel</i>, had been improvised across the narrow strip of land leading to Pillau; to break German resistance, the 11th Guards Army was committed on April 20. Fighting intensified at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenkitten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenkitten (page does not exist)">Tenkitten</a>, where the commander of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Guards_Rifle_Corps_(Soviet_Union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Guards Rifle Corps (Soviet Union) (page does not exist)">16th Guards Rifle Corps</a>, Major-General S S Gur'ev, was killed by a shell fragment on April 22.<sup id="cite_ref-maslovp178_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maslovp178-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German defensive perimeter was pushed back towards Pillau, which was defended by elements of the 1st, 21st, 58th and other Infantry Divisions; the remaining German troops were evacuated to the <a href="/wiki/Frische_Nehrung" class="mw-redirect" title="Frische Nehrung">Frische Nehrung</a>. Pillau had been heavily fortified, being described by Bagramyan as "Konigsberg in miniature",<sup id="cite_ref-bagramyanp584_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagramyanp584-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was supported by fire from naval artillery and coastal batteries. After a stubborn defence, it was eventually stormed by units of the 11th Guards Army, including the <a href="/wiki/31st_Guards_Rifle_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="31st Guards Rifle Division">31st Guards Rifle Division</a>, on April 25, the town being cleared in around 12 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-bagramyanp586_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagramyanp586-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last German position to fall was a battery commanded by Major-General <a href="/wiki/Karl_Henke_(general)" title="Karl Henke (general)">Karl Henke</a>, which was overrun by the 16th Guards Rifle Corps on April 27.<sup id="cite_ref-duffyp219-henke_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duffyp219-henke-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Red Army claimed to have killed or taken prisoner 80,000 German troops during the operations in Sambia.<sup id="cite_ref-bagramyanp588_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bagramyanp588-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remnants of IX Corps resisted on the Frische Nehrung to the end of the war, though the corps staff was removed to <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>. </p><p>The headquarters of the Zemland Group of Forces later became the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Military_District" title="Baltic Military District">Baltic Military District</a> on 9 July 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-duffyp203-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duffyp203_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p.203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duffyp384-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duffyp384_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p.384</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagramyanp576-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bagramyanp576_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bagramyanp576_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagramyan, p.576</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagramyanp575-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bagramyanp575_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagramyan, p.575</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schneiderp91-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schneiderp91_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneider, p.91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duffyp219-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duffyp219_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p.219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maslovp178-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maslovp178_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov, p.178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagramyanp584-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bagramyanp584_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagramyan, p.584</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagramyanp586-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bagramyanp586_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagramyan, p.586</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duffyp219-henke-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duffyp219-henke_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p.219 (who misidentifies Major-General Henke as Major Henke)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bagramyanp588-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bagramyanp588_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagramyan, p.588. This estimate seems high, but may include all prisoners taken on the Frische Nehrung.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V.I. Feskov et al 2004, Tomsk, p.8.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Bagramyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovhannes Bagramyan">Bagramyan, H</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/bagramyan2/index.html">Thus we went to victory</a></i>, Moscow, 1977. (in Russian) <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Баграмян И.X. Так шли мы к победе. – М.: Воениздат, 1977</span></li> <li>*Duffy. C. <i>Red Storm on the Reich</i>, Routledge, 2000, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22829-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22829-9">978-0-415-22829-9</a></li> <li>*Krylov, N. Разгром земландской группировки противника, <i>ВИЖ</i>, 1972, 4.</li> <li>*Maslov, A. <i>Fallen Soviet Generals</i>, Frank Cass, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4346-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4346-5">978-0-7146-4346-5</a></li> <li>*Schneider, W. <i>Tigers in Combat</i>, Stackpole, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8117-3171-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8117-3171-5">0-8117-3171-5</a></li> <li>"Kronborg, Ove C.: <i>Et hjørne af en hærs sammenbrud - Den tyske 551. Grenaderdivisions fødsel, kampe og undergang i Litauen og Østpreussen 1944 – 45</i>. (2013). Published by Forlaget Als - <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-996754-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-996754-0-1">978-87-996754-0-1</a></li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&oldid=1259299468">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samland_offensive&oldid=1259299468</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Battles involving the Soviet Union">Battles involving the Soviet Union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1945" title="Category:Conflicts in 1945">Conflicts in 1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_World_War_II_involving_Germany" title="Category:Military operations of World War II involving Germany">Military operations of World War II involving Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_and_operations_of_the_Soviet%E2%80%93German_War" title="Category:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War">Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Strategic_operations_of_the_Red_Army_in_World_War_II" title="Category:Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II">Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:April_1945_events" title="Category:April 1945 events">April 1945 events</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Prussia_in_World_War_II" title="Category:East Prussia in World War II">East Prussia in World War II</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Russia articles missing geocoordinate data">Russia articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 11:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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