{"title":"Determination of Seismic Wave of Consolidated Granite Rock in Penang Island: UltrasonicTesting Method Vs Seismic Refraction Method","authors":"Mohd Hafiz Musa, Zulfadhli Hasan Adli, M . N . Khairul Arifin","volume":46,"journal":"International Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering","pagesStart":494,"pagesEnd":497,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/198","abstract":"In seismic survey, the information regarding the\r\nvelocity of compression wave (Vp) as well as shear wave (Vs) are\r\nvery useful especially during the seismic interpretation. Previous\r\nstudies showed that both Vp and Vs determined by above methods\r\nare totally different with respect to each other but offered good\r\napproximation. In this study, both Vp and Vs of consolidated granite\r\nrock were studied by using ultrasonic testing method and seismic\r\nrefraction method. In ultrasonic testing, two different condition of\r\nrock are used which is dry and wet. The differences between Vp and\r\nVs getting by using ultrasonic testing and seismic refraction were\r\ninvestigated and studied. The effect of water content in granite rock\r\ntowards the value of Vp and Vs during ultrasonic testing are also\r\nmeasured. Within this work, the tolerance of the differences between\r\nthe velocity of seismic wave getting from ultrasonic testing and the\r\nvelocity of seismic wave getting from seismic refraction are also\r\nmeasured and investigated.","references":"[1] Turk N, Dearman WR. A suggested approach to rock characterization in\r\nterms of seismic velocities. In: Hartman HL, editor. Proceedings of the\r\n27th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Society of Mining Engineers,\r\n1986. P. 168-75.\r\n[2] Young RP, Hill TT, Bryan IR, Middleton R. Seismic spectroscopy in\r\nfracture characterization. Quart J Eng Geol 1985;18:459-79.\r\n[3] Onodera TF. Dynamic investigation of foundation rocks, in situ. In:\r\nproceedings of the Fifth US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Pergamon\r\nPress New York, 1963. P. 517 33.\r\n[4] Gladwin MT. Ultrasonic stress monitoring in underground mining. Int J\r\nRock Mech Min Sci 1982;19:221-8\r\n[5] S. Kahraman. The correlations between the saturated and dry P-wave\r\nvelocity of rocks. Min Eng Dept, Nigde Turkey. Ultrasonic\r\n(46);2007:341-348\r\n[6] S. Kahraman. Estimating the direct P-wave velocity value of intact rock\r\nfrom indirect laboratory measurements. Int Journal of Rock Mechanics\r\nand Mining Sciences, 2002. 101-104.\r\n[7] D-Andrea DV, Fischer RL, Fogelson DE, Prediction of compressive\r\nstrength from other rock properties. US Bureau of Mines Report of\r\nInvestigation, Vol. 6702, 1965.\r\n[8] Deere DU, Miller RP. Engineering classification and index properties\r\nfor intact rock. Air Force Weapon Lab. Tech. Report, AFWL-TR 65-\r\n116, Kirtland Base, NM, 1966.\r\n[9] Youash Y. dynamic physical properties of rocks: part 2, experimental\r\nresult. In: Proceedings of the Second Congress of the International\r\nSociety for Rock Mechanics, Beograd, Vol. 1, 1970. P. 185-95.\r\n[10] Saito T, Mamoru ABE, Kundri S.Study on weathering of igneous rocks.\r\nIn: Rock Mechanics in Japan, Vol. 2, 1974. P. 28-30.\r\n[11] Gardner GHF, Gardner LW, Gregory AR. Formation velocity and\r\ndensity: the diagnostic basis for stratigraphic. Geophysics 1974;39:770-\r\n80.\r\n[12] D 2845-69(1976). Laboratory Determination of Pulse Velocities and\r\nUltrasonic Elastic Constant of Rock. Annual Book of ASTM Standards.\r\n1981. Part 19. Natural Building Stones; Soil and Rock.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 46, 2010"}