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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Drinking water safety directive</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boil-water_advisory&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Boil-water_advisory#Worldwide" title="Talk:Boil-water advisory">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> A <b>boil-water advisory</b> (<b>BWA</b>), <b>boil-water notice</b>, <b>boil-water warning</b>, <b>boil-water order</b>, or <b>boil order</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public-health</a> advisory or directive issued by governmental or other health authorities to consumers when a community's <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a> is or could be contaminated by <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under a BWA, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> recommends that water be brought to a rolling <a href="/wiki/Boiling" title="Boiling">boil</a> for one minute before it is consumed in order to kill protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. At altitudes above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), boiling should be extended to 3 minutes,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the lower <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">boiling point</a> at high altitudes requires more time to kill such organisms. A boil water advisory usually lasts up to 24-48 hours, but sometimes more. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BWA's are typically issued when monitoring of water being served to consumers detects <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a></i> or other microbiological indicators of sewage contamination. Another reason for a BWA is a failure of distribution system integrity evidenced by a loss of system pressure. While loss of pressure does not necessarily mean the water has been contaminated, it does mean that pathogens may be able to enter the piped-water system and thus be carried to consumers. In the United States, this has been defined as a drop below 20 pounds per square inch (140 kPa).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Boil_Water_Notice_1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/First_Boil_Water_Notice_1866.jpg/220px-First_Boil_Water_Notice_1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/First_Boil_Water_Notice_1866.jpg/330px-First_Boil_Water_Notice_1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/First_Boil_Water_Notice_1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>First known science-based boil-water advisory (1866)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Snow" title="John Snow">John Snow</a>'s 1849 recommendation that water be "filtered and boiled before it is used" is one of the first practical applications of the <a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" title="Germ theory of disease">germ theory of disease</a> in the area of public health and is the antecedent to the modern boil water advisory. Snow demonstrated a clear understanding of germ theory in his writings. He first published his theory in an 1849 essay <i>On the Mode of Communication of Cholera</i>, in which he correctly suggested that the fecal-oral route was the mode of communication, and that the disease replicated itself in the lower intestines. Snow later went so far as to accurately propose in his 1855 edition of the work that the structure of cholera was that of a cell. Snow's ideas were not fully accepted until years after his death in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known modern boil-water advisory based solely on <a href="/wiki/Germ_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Germ theory">germ theory</a> and unfettered by extraneous and irrelevant advice was distributed in 1866 during <a href="/wiki/1863%E2%80%931875_cholera_pandemic" title="1863–1875 cholera pandemic">the last of three major cholera outbreaks</a> that ravaged London in the 19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_Instances">Recent Instances</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Recentism plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Recentism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/40px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Ambox_clock_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_clock_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>appears to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism" title="Wikipedia:Recentism">slanted towards recent events</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boil-water_advisory&action=edit">add more content</a> related to non-recent events.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A recent boil-water advisory occurred in <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, NC</a> as a result of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene" title="Hurricane Helene">Hurricane Helene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was put in place on October 15, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was issued due to "loss of pressure in distribution system pipes and levels of particles in the water".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Asheville Water Services Recovery announced the boil-water advisory would be in effect until further notice on October 19, 2024 as the as the water quality did not adhere to that of the <a href="/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">Safe Drinking Water Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Boston_water_emergency" title="2010 Boston water emergency">2010 Boston water emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Sydney_water_crisis" title="1998 Sydney water crisis">1998 Sydney water crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkerton_E._coli_outbreak" title="Walkerton E. coli outbreak">Walkerton E. coli outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">Water supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCommittee_to_Review_the_New_York_City_Watershed_Management_Strategy2000" class="citation book cs1">Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8sqf1kmdKHYC"><i>Watershed management for potable water supply: Assessing the New York City strategy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/US_National_Research_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="US National Research Council">US National Research Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_Press" title="National Academies Press">National Academies Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06777-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06777-5"><bdi>978-0-309-06777-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2011</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Watershed+management+for+potable+water+supply%3A+Assessing+the+New+York+City+strategy&rft.pub=US+National+Research+Council+%2F+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-309-06777-5&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+New+York+City+Watershed+Management+Strategy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8sqf1kmdKHYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/travel/backcountry_water_treatment.html">"A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use"</a>. <i>CDC.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/US_Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC.gov&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Drinking+Water+Treatment+and+Sanitation+for+Backcountry+%26+Travel+Use&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fhealthywater%2Fdrinking%2Ftravel%2Fbackcountry_water_treatment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/region8-waterops/emergencies-and-security-loss-pressure">"News"</a>. <i>EPA.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/US_Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="US Environmental Protection Agency">US Environmental Protection Agency</a>. 28 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EPA.gov&rft.atitle=News&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fregion8-waterops%2Femergencies-and-security-loss-pressure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2006" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Steven (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ghostmapstoryofl00john/page/206"><i>The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Riverhead_Books" title="Riverhead Books">Riverhead Books</a>. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59448-925-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59448-925-4"><bdi>1-59448-925-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ghost+Map%3A+The+Story+of+London%27s+Most+Terrifying+Epidemic%E2%80%94and+How+It+Changed+Science%2C+Cities%2C+and+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-59448-925-4&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fghostmapstoryofl00john%2Fpage%2F206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ashevillenc.gov/service/water-quality-advisories/">"Water quality and advisories"</a>. <i>The City of Asheville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+of+Asheville&rft.atitle=Water+quality+and+advisories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashevillenc.gov%2Fservice%2Fwater-quality-advisories%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ashevillenc.gov/helene/water-services-recovery/">"Water Services Recovery"</a>. <i>The City of Asheville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+of+Asheville&rft.atitle=Water+Services+Recovery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashevillenc.gov%2Fhelene%2Fwater-services-recovery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buncombecounty.org/countycenter/news-detail.aspx?id=21798">"Boil Water Notice Issued for all City of Asheville Water Customers"</a>. <i>Buncombe County Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buncombe+County+Center&rft.atitle=Boil+Water+Notice+Issued+for+all+City+of+Asheville+Water+Customers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buncombecounty.org%2Fcountycenter%2Fnews-detail.aspx%3Fid%3D21798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoil-water+advisory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paramecium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/35px-Paramecium.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/53px-Paramecium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Paramecium.jpg/70px-Paramecium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="738" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">microbiology</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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