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property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sole – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sole rootpage-Sole skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Główne menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Sole" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Sole" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Sole" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Sole" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Podział" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podział"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Podział</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podział-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Właściwości_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Właściwości_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Właściwości soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Właściwości_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sposoby_otrzymywania_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sposoby_otrzymywania_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sposoby otrzymywania soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sposoby_otrzymywania_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazwy_potoczne_niektórych_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazwy_potoczne_niektórych_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nazwy potoczne niektórych soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazwy_potoczne_niektórych_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uwagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uwagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sole</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 116 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sout_(chemiese_stof)" title="Sout (chemiese stof) – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sout (chemiese stof)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salze" title="Salze – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Salze" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="ملح (كيمياء) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملح (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(quimica)" title="Sal (quimica) – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sal (quimica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A3" title="লৱণ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লৱণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(adob%C3%ADu)" title="Sal (adobíu) – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sal (adobíu)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juky_(k%C3%ADmika)" title="Juky (kímika) – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juky (kímika)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duz_(kimya)" title="Duz (kimya) – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Duz (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3_(%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8)" title="লবণ (রসায়ন) – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লবণ (রসায়ন)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah" title="Uyah – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Uyah" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2m_(h%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Iâm (hòa-ha̍k) – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâm (hòa-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%99%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Тоҙҙар – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тоҙҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Солі – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Солі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Солі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Солі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin_(kimika)" title="Asin (kimika) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asin (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Сол – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli_(hemijski_spojevi)" title="Soli (hemijski spojevi) – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Soli (hemijski spojevi)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_(kimiezh)" title="Hal (kimiezh) – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hal (kimiezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B1%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дабһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дабһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sal (química)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Тăварсем – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăварсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli" title="Soli – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soli" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halwyn" title="Halwyn – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Halwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(kemi)" title="Salt (kemi) – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Salt (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1lti_(kemiija)" title="Sálti (kemiija) – północnolapoński" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sálti (kemiija)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="północnolapoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salze" title="Salze – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soolad" title="Soolad – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Soolad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άλας – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Salt (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Салт – erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Салт" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sal (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salo_(kemio)" title="Salo (kemio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salo (kemio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatz_(kimika)" title="Gatz (kimika) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gatz (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DA%A9_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="نمک (شیمی) – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمک (شیمی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimak" title="Nimak – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nimak" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_(chimie)" title="Sel (chimie) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sel (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Sal (química) – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sal (química)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC" title="염 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աղեր – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աղեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soli" title="Soli – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Soli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia) – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garam (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(chimia)" title="Sal (chimia) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sal (chimia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Salt (efnafræði) – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Salt (efnafræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sale" title="Sale – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מלח (כימיה) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלח (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მარილები – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარილები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%B1%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Тұздар (химия) – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тұздар (химия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumvi_(kemia)" title="Chumvi (kemia) – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chumvi (kemia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B7_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Туз (химия) – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туз (химия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Санзалвлӓ – zachodniomaryjski" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Санзалвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="zachodniomaryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(chemia)" title="Sal (chemia) – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sal (chemia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81%C4%BCi" title="Sāļi – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sāļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druskos" title="Druskos – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Druskos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3ngwa" title="Móngwa – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Móngwa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/silna" title="silna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="silna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saa" title="Saa – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Saa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3" title="Só – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Só" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Соли – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Соли" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sira" title="Sira – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sira" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="ലവണം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലവണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Garam (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zouten" title="Zouten – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zouten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3" title="लवण – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लवण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="塩 (化学) – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩 (化学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalten" title="Saalten – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saalten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(kjemisk_forbindelse)" title="Salt (kjemisk forbindelse) – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salt (kjemisk forbindelse)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(quimia)" title="Sal (quimia) – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sal (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzlar" title="Tuzlar – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuzlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A3_(%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਲੂਣ (ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੂਣ (ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="لون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AB%D9%87_(%DA%A9%DB%90%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="مالګه (کېميا) – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالګه (کېميا)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saal_(kimischri)" title="Saal (kimischri) – jamajski" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Saal (kimischri)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_(ch%C3%ACmica)" title="Sal (chìmica) – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sal (chìmica)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solt_(Chemie)" title="Solt (Chemie) – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Solt (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Άλας – pontyjski" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Άλας" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sare_(chimie)" title="Sare (chimie) – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sare (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachi" title="Kachi – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%97" title="Солї – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Солї" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Соли – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krip%C3%ABrat" title="Kripërat – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kripërat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="ලවණය – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලවණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%BB_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="لوڻ (علم ڪيميا) – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لوڻ (علم ڪيميا)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C4%BE_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Soľ (chémia) – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Soľ (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_(kemija)" title="Sol (kemija) – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sol (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="خوێ (کیمیا) – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێ (کیمیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE" title="Со – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Со" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah_(kimia)" title="Uyah (kimia) – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uyah (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suola" title="Suola – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salter" title="Salter – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin_(kimika)" title="Asin (kimika) – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asin (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="உப்பு (வேதியியல்) – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உப்பு (வேதியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="เกลือ (เคมี) – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกลือ (เคมี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuz_(kimya)" title="Tuz (kimya) – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tuz (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дустар – tuwiński" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Дустар" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuwiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Солі (хімія) – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Солі (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DA%A9_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="نمک (کیمیاء) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نمک (کیمیاء)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal – wenecki" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%BB%91i_(h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Muối (hóa học) – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muối (hóa học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soolaq" title="Soolaq – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Soolaq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9_(tchimeye)" title="Sé (tchimeye) – waloński" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sé (tchimeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="waloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD" title="鹽 – chiński klasyczny" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鹽" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chiński klasyczny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin_(kimika)" title="Asin (kimika) – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asin (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%89" title="盐（化学） – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="盐（化学）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A5_(%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="זאלץ (כעמיע) – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זאלץ (כעמיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD" title="鹽 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole" title="Sole – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Sole" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droskas" title="Droskas – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Droskas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学) – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盐 (化学)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garem" title="Garem – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Garem" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12370#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sole" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Sole" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sole"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sole"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Sole" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Sole" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&oldid=74092144" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Sole&id=74092144&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSole"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSole"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sole"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sole&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salts" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12370" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="noprint noexcerpt disambig navigation-not-searchable" style="line-height:1.5em; padding: 3px 6px; background-color: var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy grupy związków chemicznych. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l" class="mw-disambig" title="Sól">inne znaczenia</a> tego słowa.</span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG/220px-NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG/330px-NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG/440px-NaCl-zoutkristallen_op_Schott_Duran_100_ml.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chlorek_sodu" title="Chlorek sodu">Chlorek sodu</a> wykrystalizowany na ściankach zlewki</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sole</b> – <a href="/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zek_chemiczny" title="Związek chemiczny">związki chemiczne</a> będące produktami reakcji <a href="/wiki/Kwasy" title="Kwasy">kwasu</a> z <a href="/wiki/Zasady" title="Zasady">zasadą</a>, w wyniku której labilne atomy <a href="/wiki/Wod%C3%B3r" title="Wodór">wodoru</a> kwasu (wszystkie lub ich część) zostają zastąpione innymi atomami lub grupami o ładunku dodatnim<sup id="cite_ref-ET-sole_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-sole-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daintith_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daintith-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Sole składają się z ujemnego <a href="/wiki/Anion" title="Anion">anionu</a> (tak zwanej <a href="/wiki/Reszta_kwasowa" title="Reszta kwasowa">reszty kwasowej</a>) i dodatniego <a href="/wiki/Kation" title="Kation">kationu</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. Ich ogólny wzór to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {M} _{a}^{m+}\mathrm {A} _{m}^{a-},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {M} _{a}^{m+}\mathrm {A} _{m}^{a-},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a84a1ffffdb3a799315b9972b8d1b46a2e317d05" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.855ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {M} _{a}^{m+}\mathrm {A} _{m}^{a-},}" /></span> gdzie: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {M} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {M} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d1ec92b986053ec4967f418634cf062b9d980f9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.131ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {M} }" /></span> – kation metalu lub inny (np. <a href="/wiki/Jon_amonowy" title="Jon amonowy">jony amonowe</a> <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">NH<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span> lub kationy organiczne typu <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">XR<span style="font-size:80%; display:-moz-inline-box; -moz-box-orient:vertical; display:inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin-bottom:-0.4em; min-height:1em; line-height:1em;"><span style="display:block; min-height:1em; margin-top:-1.4em;">+</span><span style="display:block; min-height:1em;">4</span></span></span>, gdzie X = {<a href="/wiki/Azot" title="Azot">N</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>,...}, R – dowolna grupa organiczna),</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff6366939c4ebbd4e8494d0dedc54c4b8dd7135a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A} }" /></span> – anion reszty kwasowej,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}" /></span> – wartościowość metalu,</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" /></span> – wartościowość reszty kwasowej.</li></ul> <p>Nazewnictwo soli nieorganicznych jest zgodne z ogólnymi zasadami <a href="/wiki/Nomenklatura_chemii_nieorganicznej" title="Nomenklatura chemii nieorganicznej">nomenklatury chemii nieorganicznej</a>. </p><p>Sole stosowane są jako <a href="/wiki/Nawozy_mineralne" title="Nawozy mineralne">nawozy mineralne</a>, w budownictwie, komunikacji, przemyśle spożywczym i wielu innych. Występują w przyrodzie, na przykład jako <a href="/wiki/Minera%C5%82" title="Minerał">minerały</a> lub w organizmach żywych. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podział"><span id="Podzia.C5.82"></span>Podział</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podział" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podział"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wyróżnia się<sup id="cite_ref-ET-sole_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-sole-1">[1]</a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>sole obojętne, w których nie występują ani <a href="/wiki/Grupa_hydroksylowa" title="Grupa hydroksylowa">grupy hydroksylowe</a>, ani kwasowe atomy wodoru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_wodorotlenowe" title="Sole wodorotlenowe">hydroksosole</a> (sole zasadowe<sup id="cite_ref-nazwy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nazwy-4">[a]</a></sup>) – zawierające <a href="/wiki/Grupa_hydroksylowa" title="Grupa hydroksylowa">grupy hydroksylowe</a> pochodzące z wyjściowej zasady, zwane solami zasadowymi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodorosole" title="Wodorosole">wodorosole</a> (sole kwasowe<sup id="cite_ref-nazwy_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nazwy-4">[a]</a></sup>) – zawierające <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">kationy wodoru</a> pochodzące z wyjściowego kwasu, zwane solami kwaśnymi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_podw%C3%B3jne" title="Sole podwójne">sole podwójne</a> (mieszane) – tworzące kryształy zbudowane z dwóch soli prostych, np. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chlorek_potasu" title="Chlorek potasu">KCl</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span><a href="/wiki/Siarczan_magnezu" title="Siarczan magnezu">MgSO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></a><span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>3H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>O</span>. W przeciwieństwie do soli kompleksowych sole podwójne dysocjują na jony tak jak mieszanina ich składników.</li> <li>sole kompleksowe – <a href="/wiki/Zwi%C4%85zki_kompleksowe" title="Związki kompleksowe">związki kompleksowe</a> o charakterze soli, w których metal jest <a href="/wiki/Atom_centralny" title="Atom centralny">atomem centralnym</a> i wraz ze swoimi <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(chemia)" title="Ligand (chemia)">ligandami</a> tworzy anion, jak w <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazicyjanek_potasu" title="Żelazicyjanek potasu">żelazicyjanku potasu</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">K<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>[Fe(CN)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />6</span>]</span>, lub kation, jak w <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorek_tetraaminamiedzi(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorek tetraaminamiedzi(II) (strona nie istnieje)">chlorku tetraaminamiedzi</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">[Cu(NH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span>)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span>]Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ET-kompleksy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-kompleksy-5">[4]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Właściwości_soli"><span id="W.C5.82a.C5.9Bciwo.C5.9Bci_soli"></span>Właściwości soli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Właściwości soli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Właściwości soli"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png/155px-Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png" decoding="async" width="155" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png/233px-Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png/310px-Sodium-chloride-3D-ionic.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Model sieci krystalicznej <a href="/wiki/Chlorek_sodu" title="Chlorek sodu">NaCl</a>, o budowie jonowej<br /><span style="color:#8F58C0; background:#8F58C0;">__</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Na<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.7em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">+<br /></span></span>     <span style="color:#28D028; background:#28D028;">__</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.7em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Sole mają zazwyczaj <a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_jonowe" title="Wiązanie jonowe">budowę jonową</a> i tworzą często <a href="/wiki/Cia%C5%82o_krystaliczne" title="Ciało krystaliczne">kryształy</a> zawierające ułożone w sposób uporządkowany kationy i aniony, w których nie można wyróżnić pojedynczych cząsteczek soli. Znane są jednak sole o <a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_kowalencyjne" title="Wiązanie kowalencyjne">budowie kowalencyjnej</a>, przykładowo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorek_tytanu(IV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorek tytanu(IV) (strona nie istnieje)">chlorek tytanu(IV)</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">TiCl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />4</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Daintith_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daintith-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>Roztwory wodne soli mocnych kwasów i mocnych zasad mają <a href="/wiki/Skala_pH" title="Skala pH">odczyn</a> obojętny. Sole mocnych kwasów i słabych zasad mają odczyn kwaśny, zaś sole mocnych zasad i słabych kwasów odczyn zasadowy. Sole słabych kwasów i słabych zasad mogą dawać odczyn zasadowy lub kwaśny w zależności od stałych dysocjacji danego kwasu i zasady. </p><p>Ponadto dana sól może występować w formie bezwodnej lub jako <a href="/wiki/Hydraty" title="Hydraty">hydraty</a> (wodziany), gdy zawiera cząsteczki wody wbudowane w <a href="/wiki/Sie%C4%87_krystaliczna" title="Sieć krystaliczna">sieć krystaliczną</a>. Znane są też sole, które mają wbudowane inne cząsteczki, na przykład <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amoniakaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amoniakaty (strona nie istnieje)">amoniakaty</a> zawierające <a href="/wiki/Amoniak" title="Amoniak">amoniak</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap">NH<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.3em; line-height:1.0em; font-size:80%; text-align:left;"><br />3</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Słownik_chemiczny_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Słownik_chemiczny-6">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sposoby_otrzymywania_soli">Sposoby otrzymywania soli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Sposoby otrzymywania soli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Sposoby otrzymywania soli"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>wodorotlenek + kwas → sól + woda (zwana <a href="/wiki/Reakcja_zoboj%C4%99tniania" title="Reakcja zobojętniania">reakcją zobojętniania</a>)</li> <li>metal + kwas → sól + wodór(↑) (dla <a href="/wiki/Metale_szlachetne" title="Metale szlachetne">metali szlachetnych</a> i <a href="/wiki/Metale_p%C3%B3%C5%82szlachetne" title="Metale półszlachetne">półszlachetnych</a> reakcja z kwasami zachodzi zwykle według innego mechanizmu)</li> <li>tlenek zasadowy + kwas → sól + woda</li> <li>tlenek zasadowy + tlenek kwasowy → sól (dotyczy tylko soli <a href="/wiki/Kwasy_tlenowe" title="Kwasy tlenowe">kwasów tlenowych</a>)</li> <li>wodorotlenek + tlenek kwasowy → sól + woda</li> <li>kwas1<sub>(rozp.)</sub> + sól1<sub>(rozp.)</sub> → sól2(*) + kwas2(*)</li> <li>sól1<sub>(rozp.)</sub> + sól2<sub>(rozp.)</sub> → sól3(*) + sól4(*)</li> <li>zasada1<sub>(rozp.)</sub> + sól1<sub>(rozp.)</sub> → wodorotlenek + sól2(*)</li> <li>metal + niemetal →(T) sól (dotyczy tylko soli <a href="/wiki/Kwasy_beztlenowe" title="Kwasy beztlenowe">kwasów beztlenowych</a>)</li> <li>metal1 + sól1 → metal2 + sól2</li> <li>wodorotlenek amfoteryczny + zasada → sól kompleksowa</li> <li>tlenek amfoteryczny + zasada + woda → sól kompleksowa</li> <li>zasada + metal + woda → sól kompleksowa + wodór (↑)</li></ul> <p>Legenda: </p> <dl><dd>(rozp.) – rozpuszczalny</dd> <dd>(↓) – nierozpuszczalny (osad)</dd> <dd>(↑) – produkt gazowy</dd> <dd>(*) – przynajmniej jeden z reagentów opuszcza środowisko reakcji (↓/↑)</dd> <dd>(T)- zachodzi pod wpływem temperatury</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Przykłady</dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Siarczek_miedzi(II)" title="Siarczek miedzi(II)">Siarczek miedzi(II)</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_miedzi(II)" title="Wodorotlenek miedzi(II)">Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub></a> + <a href="/wiki/Siarkowod%C3%B3r" title="Siarkowodór">H<sub>2</sub>S</a> → CuS↓ + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź">Cu</a> + <a href="/wiki/Siarka" title="Siarka">S</a> → CuS</li> <li>H<sub>2</sub>S + <a href="/wiki/Chlorek_miedzi(II)" title="Chlorek miedzi(II)">CuCl<sub>2</sub></a> → CuS↓ + 2HCl</li> <li>Na<sub>2</sub>S + CuCl<sub>2</sub> → CuS↓ + 2NaCl</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fosforan_wapnia" title="Fosforan wapnia">Fosforan wapnia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li>3 <a href="/wiki/Wap%C5%84" title="Wapń">Ca</a> + 2 <a href="/wiki/Kwas_fosforowy" title="Kwas fosforowy">H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></a> → Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>↑</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Tlenek_wapnia" title="Tlenek wapnia">CaO</a> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Wodorotlenek_wapnia" title="Wodorotlenek wapnia">Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></a> + 2H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>↓ + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>6 CaO + <a href="/wiki/Dekatlenek_tetrafosforu" title="Dekatlenek tetrafosforu">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></a> → 2 Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></li> <li>6 Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> + P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> → 2Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> + 6 H<sub>2</sub>O</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Chlorek_wapnia" title="Chlorek wapnia">CaCl<sub>2</sub></a> + 2 H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>↓ + 6 HCl</li> <li>3 CaCl<sub>2</sub> + 2 <a href="/wiki/Fosforan_sodu" title="Fosforan sodu">Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></a> → Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>↓ + 6 NaCl</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nazwy_potoczne_niektórych_soli"><span id="Nazwy_potoczne_niekt.C3.B3rych_soli"></span>Nazwy potoczne niektórych soli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Nazwy potoczne niektórych soli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Nazwy potoczne niektórych soli"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Szereg popularnych związków chemicznych będących solami doczekało się nazw własnych: <a href="/wiki/Chloran_potasu" title="Chloran potasu">sól Bertholleta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyjano%C5%BCelaziany(III)" title="Cyjanożelaziany(III)">sól czerwona</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_emska" title="Sól emska">sól emska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siarczan_sodu" title="Siarczan sodu">sól glauberska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siarczan_magnezu" title="Siarczan magnezu">sól gorzka</a> (sól angielska), <a href="/wiki/Halit" title="Halit">sól kamienna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B3l_karlsbadzka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sól karlsbadzka (strona nie istnieje)">sól karlsbadzka</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_kuchenna" title="Sól kuchenna">sól kuchenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_Mohra" title="Sól Mohra">sól Mohra</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_Reineckego" title="Sól Reineckego">sól Reineckego</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_Schlippego" title="Sól Schlippego">sól Schlippego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winian_potasu_sodu" title="Winian potasu sodu">sól Seignette’a</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_szczawikowa" title="Sól szczawikowa">sól szczawikowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_warzona" title="Sól warzona">sól warzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBelazocyjanek_potasu" title="Żelazocyjanek potasu">sól żółta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azotan_sodu" title="Azotan sodu">saletra chilijska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woda_zarobowa" title="Woda zarobowa">sól Candlota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azotan_potasu" title="Azotan potasu">saletra indyjska</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Uwagi"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nazwy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nazwy_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nazwy_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nazwy „sole zasadowe” i „sole kwaśne” nie wskazują na <a href="/wiki/Skala_pH" title="Skala pH">odczyn pH</a> ich roztworów (może on być odwrotny niżby się tego można było spodziewać na podstawie nazwy), a jedynie na obecność niezobojętnionego kwasowego atomu wodoru lub zasadowej grupy hydroksylowej.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sole&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ET-sole-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ET-sole_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ET-sole_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation nourl" id="CITEREFGajewski1965sole,_sole_kwaśne,_sole_podwójne,_sole_zasadowe"><i>sole, sole kwaśne, sole podwójne, sole zasadowe</i>, [w:] <i>Encyklopedia techniki. Chemia</i>, <span class="cite-name-full">Władysław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Władysław" style="display:none">W.</span> <span class="cite-lastname">Gajewski</span> (red.), Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwa_Naukowo-Techniczne" title="Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne">Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne</a>, 1965, s. 657–658, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/33835352">33835352</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+techniki.+Chemia&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.atitle=sole%2C+sole+kwa%C5%9Bne%2C+sole+podw%C3%B3jne%2C+sole+zasadowe&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwa+Naukowo-Techniczne%5D%5D&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33835352" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daintith-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daintith_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Daintith_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><i>A Dictionary of Chemistry</i>, <span class="cite-name-full">John</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="John" style="display:none">J.</span> <span class="cite-lastname">Daintith</span> (red.), Oxford University Press, 2008, s. 471, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780199204632" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780199204632">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-0-19-920463-2</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Chemistry&rft.isbn=978-0-19-920463-2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access doi nourl"><i>salt</i>, [w:] <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">A.D.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">A.D.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">McNaught</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">A.D.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">A.D.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials" style="display:none">A.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Wilkinson</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">A.</span><span class="cite-name-initials">A.</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_Chemical_Terminology" title="Compendium of Chemical Terminology"><i>Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book)</i></a>, S.J. Chalk (<abbr class="abbr" title="aktualizowanie wersji internetowej">akt.</abbr>), <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_Unia_Chemii_Czystej_i_Stosowanej" title="Międzynarodowa Unia Chemii Czystej i Stosowanej">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a>, wyd. 2, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1997, <a href="/wiki/DOI_(identyfikator_cyfrowy)" title="DOI (identyfikator cyfrowy)">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.S05447">10.1351/goldbook.S05447</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/0967855098" title="Specjalna:Książki/0967855098">ISBN <span class="isbn">0-9678550-9-8</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.place=Oxford&rft.atitle=salt&rft.edition=2&rft.aufirst=A.D.&rft.aulast=McNaught&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-9678550-9-8&rft.pub=Blackwell+Scientific+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology+%28Gold+Book%29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook.S05447" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ET-kompleksy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ET-kompleksy_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation nourl" id="CITEREFGajewski1965kompleksy"><i>kompleksy</i>, [w:] <i>Encyklopedia techniki. Chemia</i>, <span class="cite-name-full">Władysław</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Władysław" style="display:none">W.</span> <span class="cite-lastname">Gajewski</span> (red.), Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwa_Naukowo-Techniczne" title="Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne">Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne</a>, 1965, s. 339, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/33835352">33835352</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Encyklopedia+techniki.+Chemia&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.atitle=kompleksy&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwa+Naukowo-Techniczne%5D%5D&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33835352" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Słownik_chemiczny-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Słownik_chemiczny_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">amoniakaty. W: <i>Mały słownik chemiczny</i>. Jerzy Chodkowski (red.). Wyd. V. Warszawa: <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_%E2%80%9EWiedza_Powszechna%E2%80%9D" title="Wydawnictwo „Wiedza Powszechna”">Wiedza Powszechna</a>, 1976, s. 39, 40.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ma%C5%82y+s%C5%82ownik+chemiczny&rft.atitle=amoniakaty&rft.date=1976&rft.edition=V&rft.pub=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+%E2%80%9EWiedza+Powszechna%E2%80%9D%7CWiedza+Powszechna%5D%5D&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=39%2C+40"></span></cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75562624">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">strukturalna klasa indywiduów chemicznych</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85116900">sh85116900</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4051413-4">4051413-4</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561925">00561925</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12098275p">12098275p</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=2981">2981</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph189247">ph189247</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553422005171">987007553422005171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/salt-acid-base-reactions">science/salt-acid-base-reactions</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/3634003">3634003</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0140699.xml">0140699</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sole&oldid=74092144">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sole&oldid=74092144</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Sole" title="Kategoria:Sole">Sole</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 24 cze 2024, 21:01.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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