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single-entry-title"> New Research Doubles Number of Known Dark Comets</h1> <div class="single-meta"> <div class="metainfoleft"> <div class="info"> <span class="date"> Dec 10, 2024 by </span> <a href="https://www.sci.news/author/scinews">News Staff</a> </div> </div> <div class="single-pagi"> <div class="prev-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubbles-opal-program-13494.html">« Previous </a></div> | <div class="next-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/magnetic-filaments-accretion-disk-messier-77s-central-black-hole-13499.html">Next »</a></div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </header> <section> <div id="single-heading-content">  <div class="single-right"> <article id="post-102178" class="post-102178 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astronomy tag-1i2017-u1 tag-asteroid tag-comet tag-dark-comet tag-oumuamua tag-solar-system"> <div class="entry-content"> <p><strong><a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/acb697" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dark comets</a> are small bodies with no detected coma that have significant accelerations explainable by outgassing of volatiles, analogous to the first interstellar object <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/interstellar-asteroid-oumuamua-organic-rich-surface-layer-05548.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">1I/2017 U1 ‘Oumuamua</a>. These objects represent a potentially widespread class of small bodies that further populate the continuum between asteroids and comets and for which the active nature is inferred from their orbital motion. Michigan State University astronomer Darryl Seligman and colleagues have now detected seven new dark comets and demonstrated that there are two distinct populations of these objects.</strong></p> <div id="attachment_52373" style="width: 590px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-52373" class="size-full wp-image-52373" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/06/image_6145_1-Oumuamua.jpg" alt="This artist’s impression shows ‘Oumuamua, the first interstellar object discovered in our Solar System. Recent observations show that the object is moving faster than predicted while leaving the Solar System. Astronomers assume that venting material from its surface due to solar heating is responsible for this behavior. This outgassing can be seen in this artist’s impression as a subtle cloud being ejected from the side of the object facing the Sun. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / ESO / M. Kornmesser." width="580" height="422" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/06/image_6145_1-Oumuamua.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/06/image_6145_1-Oumuamua-300x218.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/06/image_6145_1-Oumuamua-104x75.jpg 104w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /><p id="caption-attachment-52373" class="wp-caption-text">This artist’s impression shows ‘Oumuamua, the first interstellar object discovered in our Solar System. Recent observations show that the object is moving faster than predicted while leaving the Solar System. Astronomers assume that venting material from its surface due to solar heating is responsible for this behavior. This outgassing can be seen in this artist’s impression as a subtle cloud being ejected from the side of the object facing the Sun. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / ESO / M. Kornmesser.</p></div> <p>In 2003, astronomers noticed the trajectory of the asteroid 2003 RM had moved slightly from its expected orbit. That movement could not be explained by accelerations typical for asteroids.</p> <p>Then, interstellar object ‘Oumuamua passed through our Solar System and perplexed astronomers in 2017.</p> <p>Like typical asteroids and comets, it was moving partly due to the gravitational pull of other objects in the Solar System, like the Sun.</p> <p>However, astronomers also found ‘Oumuamua was accelerating beyond that, likely due to the release of previously trapped gas.</p> <p>The strength of the added propulsion from such outgassing defied that of typical asteroids and matched a comet’s pace.</p> <p>The problem? ‘Oumuamua was missing the signature bright dust tail of a comet. Thus, it could not be classified easily as an asteroid or a comet.</p> <p>In 2023, astronomers identified seven objects within our Solar System that mirrored the same unusual characteristics of ‘Oumuamua.</p> <p>The objects were categorized as members of an entirely new class of objects — the first seven dark comets.</p> <p>“One of the most important reasons why we study small bodies, like asteroids and comets, is because they tell us about how material is transported around the Solar System,” Dr. Seligman said.</p> <p>“Dark comets are a new class of near-Earth objects that may contain water, so they’re a new potential source for delivering materials to Earth which were necessary for the development of life.”</p> <p>“The more we can learn about them, the better we can understand their role in our planet’s origin.”</p> <p>Dr. Seligman and co-authors not only uncovered seven new dark comets, but also compared the total known population to identify two distinct types.</p> <p>The first type are called outer dark comets. These are large objects with eccentric orbits, similar to the Jupiter-family comets, which may originate in the outer Solar System.</p> <p>The second type are called inner dark comets. These are smaller objects with nearly circular orbits that travel in the inner Solar System, closer to Earth, that may originate in the asteroid belt.</p> <p>“The interesting thing about these objects is that they look like asteroids, but their motion resembles that of comets,” said Dr. Davide Farnocchia, a navigation engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.</p> <p>“This is a puzzle that challenges the way we have always classified objects either as asteroids or comets.”</p> <p>“Expanding our knowledge on dark comets helps to contextualize ‘Oumuamua, which was such a serendipitous event that we can no longer observe since it has exited our Solar System,” Dr. Seligman said.</p> <p>“What many people may not think about on a regular basis is that the Solar System is a chaotic place.”</p> <p>“We don’t know where things come from, but with the 14 dark comets we now know about that are orbiting within our Solar System, there are windows of opportunity in the next few years for us to gather more data and hopefully uncover answers about the formation of our own planet.”</p> <p>The discovery is reported in a <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2406424121" target="_blank" rel="noopener">paper</a> in the <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em>.</p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">_____</span></p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">Darryl Z. Seligman <em>et al</em>. 2024. Two distinct populations of dark comets delineated by orbits and sizes. <em>PNAS</em> 121 (51): e2406424121; doi: 10.1073/pnas.2406424121</span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="single-left"> <div class="postedby"> Published in </div> <div class="single-category"><ul class="post-categories"> <li><a href="https://www.sci.news/news/astronomy" >Astronomy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="postedby2"> <div class="postedby"> Tagged as </div></div> <div class="single-tags"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/1i2017-u1" rel="tag">1I/2017 U1</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/asteroid" rel="tag">Asteroid</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/comet" rel="tag">Comet</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/dark-comet" rel="tag">Dark comet</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/oumuamua" rel="tag">Oumuamua</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/solar-system" rel="tag">Solar System</a></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="single-related"> <div class="postedby">You Might Like </div> <div class="related"> <div class="relatedpost"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/firefly-sparkle-galaxy-13504.html"><img width="104" height="75" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13504-Firefly-Sparkle-104x75.jpg" class="attachment-secondpostimg size-secondpostimg wp-post-image" alt="The Firefly Sparkle galaxy is in the process of assembling and forming new stars, existed about 600 million years after the Big Bang, and weighs about the same as our Milky Way Galaxy if we could wind back the clock to see our Galaxy as it developed. 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DePasquale, STScI." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13494-OPAL-Planets-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13494-OPAL-Planets-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubbles-opal-program-13494.html' title='Hubble’s OPAL Program Celebrates Decade of Tracking Solar System’s Giant Planets'>Hubble’s OPAL Program Celebrates Decade of Tracking Solar System’s Giant Planets</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 10, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/new-zealand-platypterygiid-ichthyosaur-13493.html" title="98-Million-Year-Old Ichthyosaur Fossil Uncovered in New Zealand"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/10/image_13339f-Platypterigius-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="A pair of Platypterigius sp. Image credit: Dmitry Bogdanov / CC BY 3.0." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/10/image_13339f-Platypterigius-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/10/image_13339f-Platypterigius-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/paleontology/new-zealand-platypterygiid-ichthyosaur-13493.html' title='98-Million-Year-Old Ichthyosaur Fossil Uncovered in New Zealand'>98-Million-Year-Old Ichthyosaur Fossil Uncovered in New Zealand</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Paleontology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/webb-decameter-asteroids-main-belt-13492.html" title="Webb Detects 138 Decameter Asteroids in Main Belt"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13492-Decameter-Asteroids-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="An artist’s illustration of Webb revealing, in the infrared, a population of main-belt decameter asteroids. Image credit: Ella Maru / Julien de Wit." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13492-Decameter-Asteroids-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13492-Decameter-Asteroids-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/webb-decameter-asteroids-main-belt-13492.html' title='Webb Detects 138 Decameter Asteroids in Main Belt'>Webb Detects 138 Decameter Asteroids in Main Belt</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/dark-energy-camera-image-messier-83-13491.html" title="Dark Energy Camera Captures Stunning New Image of Messier 83"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13491-Messier-83-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This DECam image shows the spiral galaxy Messier 83. Image credit: CTIO / NOIRLab / DOE / NSF / AURA / T.A. Rector, University of Alaska Anchorage & NSF NOIRLab / D. de Martin, NSF NOIRLab / M. Zamani, NSF NOIRLab." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13491-Messier-83-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13491-Messier-83-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/dark-energy-camera-image-messier-83-13491.html' title='Dark Energy Camera Captures Stunning New Image of Messier 83'>Dark Energy Camera Captures Stunning New Image of Messier 83</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/space/venus-habitability-13490.html" title="Venus Has Never Been Habitable, New Study Suggests"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2020/09/image_8904f-Venus-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This composite image, taken by JAXA’s Akatsuki spacecraft, shows Venus. Image credit: JAXA / ISAS / DARTS / Damia Bouic." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2020/09/image_8904f-Venus-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2020/09/image_8904f-Venus-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/space/venus-habitability-13490.html' title='Venus Has Never Been Habitable, New Study Suggests'>Venus Has Never Been Habitable, New Study Suggests</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astrobiology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-image-ngc-5643-13489.html" title="Hubble Space Telescope Revisits NGC 5643"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13489-NGC-5643-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This Hubble image shows NGC 5643, a grand design spiral some 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Lupus. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / A. Riess / D. Thilker / D. De Martin, ESA & Hubble / M. Zamani, ESA & Hubble." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13489-NGC-5643-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13489-NGC-5643-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-image-ngc-5643-13489.html' title='Hubble Space Telescope Revisits NGC 5643'>Hubble Space Telescope Revisits NGC 5643</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/medicine/dark-chocolate-consumption-type-2-diabetes-risk-13488.html" title="Increased Consumption of Dark, But Not Milk, Chocolate Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13488-Chocolate-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Intake of dark chocolate instead of milk chocolate may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Image credit: Sci.News." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13488-Chocolate-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13488-Chocolate-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/medicine/dark-chocolate-consumption-type-2-diabetes-risk-13488.html' title='Increased Consumption of Dark, But Not Milk, Chocolate Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study'>Increased Consumption of Dark, But Not Milk, Chocolate Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 6, 2024 | Medicine</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/homo-juluensis-13487.html" title="New Species of Archaic Human Proposed: Homo juluensis"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2019/09/image_7610f-Denisovan-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="A portrait of a juvenile female Denisovan based on a skeletal profile reconstructed from ancient DNA methylation maps. Image credit: Maayan Harel." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2019/09/image_7610f-Denisovan-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2019/09/image_7610f-Denisovan-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/homo-juluensis-13487.html' title='New Species of Archaic Human Proposed: Homo juluensis'>New Species of Archaic Human Proposed: Homo juluensis</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 6, 2024 | Anthropology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/psychology/emotional-intelligence-emojis-13486.html" title="Study: People with Higher Emotional Intelligence Use Emojis More Frequently"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13486-Emoji-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="The frequency of emoji use varies across genders and relationship types. Image credit: Pete Linforth." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13486-Emoji-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13486-Emoji-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/psychology/emotional-intelligence-emojis-13486.html' title='Study: People with Higher Emotional Intelligence Use Emojis More Frequently'>Study: People with Higher Emotional Intelligence Use Emojis More Frequently</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 5, 2024 | Communication Sciences</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/fossilized-teeth-theropod-dinosaur-diversity-east-sussex-13485.html" title="Fossilized Teeth Highlight Theropod Dinosaur Diversity in Prehistoric East Sussex"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13485_1-Bexhill-Theropods-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="An Early Cretaceous floodplain in southeastern England, 135 million years ago: a spinosaur (center) takes over the carcass of an ornithopod, much to the annoyance of the smaller tyrannosaurs (left) and dromaeosaurids (bottom right). Image credit: Anthony Hutchings." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13485_1-Bexhill-Theropods-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13485_1-Bexhill-Theropods-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/paleontology/fossilized-teeth-theropod-dinosaur-diversity-east-sussex-13485.html' title='Fossilized Teeth Highlight Theropod Dinosaur Diversity in Prehistoric East Sussex'>Fossilized Teeth Highlight Theropod Dinosaur Diversity in Prehistoric East Sussex</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 5, 2024 | Paleontology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/materials/self-assembling-electronics-13484.html" title="Researchers Demonstrate New Technique for Self-Assembling Electronics"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13484-Self-Assembling-Electronics-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Bottom-up nano- to micro-fabrication is crucial in modern electronics and optics. Conventional multi-scale array fabrication techniques, however, are facing challenges in reconciling the contradiction between the pursuit of better device performance and lowering the fabrication cost and/or energy consumption. Chang et al. introduce a facile mixed-metal array fabrication method based on guided self-assembly of polymerizing organometallic adducts derived from the passivating oxides of a ternary liquid metal to create mixed metal wires. Image credit: Julia Chang." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13484-Self-Assembling-Electronics-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13484-Self-Assembling-Electronics-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/materials/self-assembling-electronics-13484.html' title='Researchers Demonstrate New Technique for Self-Assembling Electronics'>Researchers Demonstrate New Technique for Self-Assembling Electronics</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 5, 2024 | Computer Science</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/clovis-diet-13483.html" title="Clovis People’s Diet Mainly Included Mammoths and Other Large Mammals, New Study Says"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13483f-Clovis-Mammoth-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="An artist’s reconstruction of Clovis life 13,000 years ago shows the Anzick-1 infant with his mother consuming mammoth meat near a hearth. Another individual crafts tools, including dart projectile points and atlatls. A mammoth butchery area is visible nearby. Image credit: Eric Carlson / Ben Potter / Jim Chatters." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13483f-Clovis-Mammoth-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13483f-Clovis-Mammoth-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/clovis-diet-13483.html' title='Clovis People’s Diet Mainly Included Mammoths and Other Large Mammals, New Study Says'>Clovis People’s Diet Mainly Included Mammoths and Other Large Mammals, New Study Says</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Anthropology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/67p-churyumov-gerasimenko-comet-water-13482.html" title="Study: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Water Has Similar Molecular Signature to Earth’s Water"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This false-color four-image mosaic comprises images taken from a distance of 28.7 km from the center of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 3 February 2015. The mosaic measures 4.2 x 4.6 km. Image credit: ESA / Rosetta / NAVCAM / CC BY-SA IGO 3.0." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko.jpg 580w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/67p-churyumov-gerasimenko-comet-water-13482.html' title='Study: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Water Has Similar Molecular Signature to Earth’s Water'>Study: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Water Has Similar Molecular Signature to Earth’s Water</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> </div>  </div></aside><div class="adspace-widget widget"> <div class="postedby"></div> <br/></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div></div></div> </section> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer-holder"> <div class="container"> <div class="topsearch-wrapper2"> <form method="get" id="footersearch1" action="https://www.sci.news/"> <input type="text" name="s" value=" " onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=' ';" onfocus="if(this.value==' ') this.value='';" id="s2" /> <input type="submit" value=" " id="searchsubmit" /> </form> </div> <nav class="nav"> <div id="fotnav" class="ddsmoothmenu1"><ul id="menu-menu-4" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-9173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-9173"><a href="https://www.sci.news">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9174"><a href="https://www.sci.news/about-us">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9175"><a href="https://www.sci.news/archive">News Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9176" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9176"><a href="https://www.sci.news/copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9177"><a href="https://www.sci.news/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9179"><a href="https://www.sci.news/feed">RSS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9180"><a href="https://www.sci.news/contact">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer2-wrapper"> <div class="footer2-area"> <div id="footerwrapper1"> <div class="box-hold footerwrapper"> <div class="box footer1"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer2"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer3"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer4"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="copy"> <div id="bottomfooter"> <div class="site-footer"> © 2011-2024. 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