Statistical Analysis and Impact Forecasting of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on the Environment: Case Study in the State of Maryland

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Statistical Analysis and Impact Forecasting of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on the Environment: Case Study in the State of Maryland</title> <meta name="description" content="Statistical Analysis and Impact Forecasting of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on the Environment: Case Study in the State of Maryland"> <meta name="keywords" content="Connected and autonomous vehicles, statistical model, environmental effects, pollutants and fuel consumption, VISUM, linear regression models."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Statistical Analysis and Impact Forecasting of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on the Environment: Case Study in the State of Maryland"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Alireza Ansariyar"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Safieh Laaly"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/03/09"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" 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of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on the Environment: Case Study in the State of Maryland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alireza%20Ansariyar">Alireza Ansariyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Safieh%20Laaly"> Safieh Laaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Over the last decades, the vehicle industry has shown increased interest in integrating autonomous, connected, and electrical technologies in vehicle design with the primary hope of improving mobility and road safety while reducing transportation’s environmental impact. Using the State of Maryland (M.D.) in the United States as a pilot study, this research investigates Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) fuel consumption and air pollutants including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate Matter (PM), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and utilizes meaningful linear regression models to predict CAV’s environmental effects. Maryland transportation network was simulated in VISUM software, and data on a set of variables were collected through a comprehensive survey. The number of pollutants and fuel consumption were obtained for the time interval 2010 to 2021 from the macro simulation. Eventually, four linear regression models were proposed to predict the amount of C.O., NOx, PM pollutants, and fuel consumption in the future. The results highlighted that CAVs’ pollutants and fuel consumption have a significant correlation with the income, age, and race of the CAV customers. Furthermore, the reliability of four statistical models was compared with the reliability of macro simulation model outputs in the year 2030. The error of three pollutants and fuel consumption was obtained at less than 9% by statistical models in SPSS. This study is expected to assist researchers and policymakers with planning decisions to reduce CAV environmental impacts in M.D.</p> <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/10012997.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Connected%20and%20autonomous%20vehicles" title="Connected and autonomous vehicles">Connected and autonomous vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=statistical%20model" title=" statistical model"> statistical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=environmental%20effects" title=" environmental effects"> environmental effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pollutants%20and%20fuel%20consumption" title=" pollutants and fuel consumption"> pollutants and fuel consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VISUM" title=" VISUM"> VISUM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20regression%20models." title=" linear regression models."> linear regression models.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/statistical-analysis-and-impact-forecasting-of-connected-and-autonomous-vehicles-on-the-environment-case-study-in-the-state-of-maryland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012997.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> <p class="card-text"><strong>References:</strong></p> <br>[1] Hallman, C., The Average Commute to Work by State and City. 2020. <br>[2] Hedges, The Number of Cars in the U.S. in 2021/2022: Market Share, Distribution, and Trends, in Financesonline. 2020. <br>[3] Gardner, G., Americans Lost Nearly 100 Hours to Traffic in 2019, in Forbes. 2020. <br>[4] Barth, M., K. Boriboonsomsin, and G. Wu, Vehicle automation and its potential impacts on energy and emissions, in Road vehicle automation. 2014, Springer. p. 103-112. <br>[5] Morrow, W.R., et al., Key factors influencing autonomous vehicles’ energy and environmental outcome, in Road vehicle automation. 2014, Springer. p. 127-135. <br>[6] Brown, A., J. Gonder, and B. Repac, An analysis of possible energy impacts of automated vehicles, in Road vehicle automation. 2014, Springer. p. 137-153. <br>[7] U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2020 PL94-171 release, Prepared by the Maryland Department of Planning, Projections and Data Analysis/State Data Center, April, 2010-2020. <br>[8] MVA Vehicle Registration counts summarized by County for F.Y. 2010 to F.Y. 2021, https://opendata.maryland.gov/transportation/mva-vehicle-registration-by-county-fy-2010-to-fy-2/kqkd-4fx8/data <br>[9] Bachelor’s Degree or Higher for Maryland, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GCT1502MD. <br>[10] Maryland Census 2010-2020 Population & Demographic Changes, https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/maryland-population-change-between-census-decade.html. <br>[11] Annual vehicle miles of travel in millions by functional classification, Maryland department of transportation - state highway administration office of planning and preliminary engineering data services devision. <br>[12] Median Household Income by the state of Maryland: 1984 to 2020, Income in current and 2020 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars. <br>[13] Race and Ethnicity in Maryland in 2010-2020, https://beautifydata.com/united-states-population/race-and-ethnicity/maryland/estimate/2020. <br>[14] Programme, U.e. We promote sustainable, low-emission transport and work to reduce the sector’s contribution to air pollution and climate change. 2021; Available from: https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/energy/what-we-do/transport. <br>[15] EPA. Fast Facts on Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2019; Available from: https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions. <br>[16] Committee, S.O.-R.A.V.S., Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to on-road motor vehicle automated driving systems. SAE Standard J, 2014. 3016: p. 1-16. <br>[17] Igliński, H. and M. Babiak, Analysis of the Potential of Autonomous Vehicles in Reducing the Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Road Transport. Procedia Engineering, 2017. 192: p. 353-358. <br>[18] Shladover, S.E., D. Su, and X.-Y. Lu, Impacts of cooperative adaptive cruise control on freeway traffic flow. Transportation Research Record, 2012. 2324(1): p. 63-70. <br>[19] Fagnant, D.J. and K. Kockelman, Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2015. 77: p. 167-181. <br>[20] Kline, P., An easy guide to factor analysis. 2014: Routledge. <br>[21] Savin, N.E. and K.J. White, The Durbin-Watson test for serial correlation with extreme sample sizes or many regressors. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1977: p. 1989-1996. <br>[22] Nerlove, M., & Wallis, K. F. (1966). Use of the Durbin-Watson statistic in inappropriate situations. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 235-238. <br>[23] Ansariyar, A., & Laaly, S. (2022, June). Statistical Analysis of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) Effects on the Environment in Terms of Pollutants and Fuel Consumption. In 2022 International Conference on Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (FAIML) (pp. 151-156). IEEE. <br>[24] Jeihani, M., Ansariyar, A., Sadeghvaziri, E., Ardeshiri, A., Kabir, M. M., Haghani, (2022). Investigating the Effect of Connected Vehicles (CV) Route Guidance on Mobility and Equity. https://trid.trb.org/view/1922778 </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

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Statistical Analysis and Impact Forecasting of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on the Environment: Case Study in the State of Maryland