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class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/golf" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Golf</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/racing" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Racing</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/athletics" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Athletics</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/boxing" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Boxing</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/cycling" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Cycling</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/hockey" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Hockey</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/sport/tennis" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Tennis</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/your-money" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Your Money</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_your-money" aria-label="Show Your Money sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_your-money"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/tags/pricewatch" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Pricewatch</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/budget/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Budget 2025</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/crime-law" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Crime & Law</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_crime-law" aria-label="Show Crime & Law sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_crime-law"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/crime-law/courts" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Courts</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/property" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Property</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_property" aria-label="Show Property sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_property"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/property/residential" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Residential</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/property/commercial-property" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Commercial Property</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/property/interiors" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Interiors</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/food" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Food</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_food" aria-label="Show Food sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_food"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/food/drink" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Drink</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/food/recipes" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Recipes</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/food/restaurants" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Restaurants</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/health" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Health</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_health" aria-label="Show Health sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_health"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/health/your-family" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Your Family</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/health/your-fitness" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Your Fitness</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/health/your-wellness" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Your Wellness</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/health/your-fitness/get-running" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Get Running</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/life-style" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Life & Style</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_life-style" aria-label="Show Life & Style sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_life-style"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/life-style/fashion" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Fashion</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/tags/beauty/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Beauty</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/life-style/fine-art-antiques" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Fine Art & Antiques</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/life-style/gardening" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Gardening</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/life-style/people" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">People</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/life-style/travel" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Travel</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/culture" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Culture</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_culture" aria-label="Show Culture sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_culture"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/culture/art" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Art</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/culture/books" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Books</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/culture/film" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Film</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/culture/music" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Music</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/culture/stage" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Stage</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/culture/tv-radio" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">TV & Radio</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/environment" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Environment</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_environment" aria-label="Show Environment sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_environment"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/environment/climate-crisis" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Climate Crisis</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/technology" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Technology</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_technology" aria-label="Show Technology sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_technology"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/technology/big-tech" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Big Tech</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/technology/consumer-tech" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Consumer Tech</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/technology/data-security" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Data & Security</a></li><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/technology/gaming" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Gaming</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="section-item" data-testid="nav-chain-section-item"><div data-testid="nav-chain-section-item-subsection" class="c-stack b-header-nav-chain__subsection-anchor subsection-anchor " data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><a class="c-link" href="/science" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Science</a><button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header_sub_section_science" aria-label="Show Science sub sections" class="c-button c-button--medium c-button--default submenu-caret" type="button"><span><svg class="c-icon" width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M256 416C247.812 416 239.62 412.875 233.38 406.625L41.38 214.625C28.88 202.125 28.88 181.875 41.38 169.375C53.88 156.875 74.13 156.875 86.63 169.375L256 338.8L425.4 169.4C437.9 156.9 458.15 156.9 470.65 169.4C483.15 181.9 483.15 202.15 470.65 214.65L278.65 406.65C272.4 412.9 264.2 416 256 416Z"></path></svg></span></button></div><div class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-container "><ul class="b-header-nav-chain__subsection-menu" id="header_sub_section_science"><li class="subsection-item" data-testid="nav-chain-subsection-item"><a class="c-link" href="/science/space" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Space</a></li></ul></div></li><li 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id="lazy_11631" class="lazy_container"><div class="b-flex-chain"><div class="b-flex-chain__grid-container b-flex-chain__grid-container__12 gap" style="--c-stack-gap:var(--global-spacing-0)"><div class="c-stack grid-item " data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="c-grid b-it-overline-block"><div class="c-stack wrap" data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="center" data-style-alignment="start" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap" style="--c-stack-gap:0"><span class="c-pill c-it-subscriber-pill b-it-overline-block__subscriber-pill">Subscriber Only</span><span class="c-stack b-it-overline-block__text" data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="center" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="wrap"><a class="c-link false" href="/business/innovation/">Innovation</a></span></div></div><h1 class="b-it-headline align-center">Satellite wars: Elon Musk’s Starlink faces competition for global communications network</h1></div></div></div></div><h2 class="b-it-subheadline align-center ">Amazon’s Kuiper has big plans but both groups face costly ongoing satellite replacement programmes </h2></div><div class="c-grid b-it-right-rail-advanced__rail-container"><div class="c-stack b-it-right-rail-advanced__main-interior-item " data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="c-stack b-it-right-rail-advanced__main-interior-item-1" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="c-grid b-it-lead-art__wrapper"><figure class="c-media-item b-it-lead-art"><div class="b-it-lead-art__image-wrapper" style="aspect-ratio:1024 / 540"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="Competition is growing among companies looking to establish a global communications network using low-orbit satellites. Photograph: iStock" class="c-image b-it-lead-art__btn-full-screen-open" loading="eager" src="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/CDBHHKVYLNDH3KXSLTFG677ZKE.jpg?auth=adede628bf8e140e1a949171ff60eb7b504a86449babf22b8fd5563224781c98&smart=true&width=1024&height=540" srcSet="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/CDBHHKVYLNDH3KXSLTFG677ZKE.jpg?auth=adede628bf8e140e1a949171ff60eb7b504a86449babf22b8fd5563224781c98&smart=true&width=400&height=210 400w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/CDBHHKVYLNDH3KXSLTFG677ZKE.jpg?auth=adede628bf8e140e1a949171ff60eb7b504a86449babf22b8fd5563224781c98&smart=true&width=440&height=232 440w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/CDBHHKVYLNDH3KXSLTFG677ZKE.jpg?auth=adede628bf8e140e1a949171ff60eb7b504a86449babf22b8fd5563224781c98&smart=true&width=800&height=421 800w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/CDBHHKVYLNDH3KXSLTFG677ZKE.jpg?auth=adede628bf8e140e1a949171ff60eb7b504a86449babf22b8fd5563224781c98&smart=true&width=1024&height=540 1024w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/CDBHHKVYLNDH3KXSLTFG677ZKE.jpg?auth=adede628bf8e140e1a949171ff60eb7b504a86449babf22b8fd5563224781c98&smart=true&width=1440&height=759 1440w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 400px, (max-width: 440px) 440px, (max-width: 800px) 800px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, (min-width: 1025px) 1440px" width="1024" height="540"/></div><figcaption class="c-media-item__fig-caption"><span class="c-media-item__caption">Competition is growing among companies looking to establish a global communications network using low-orbit satellites. Photograph: iStock </span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="c-stack b-it-byline-block" data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="b-it-byline-block__author-image"><div style="aspect-ratio:118 / 118;background-color:var(--global-neutral-1)" class="c-it-placeholder"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="Chris Horn's picture " class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farc-authors%2Firishtimes%2F19165d31-4107-4b81-bd4d-a8030b260b4b.png?auth=ff23017fc5148ba8da640607b96a7c7929245242fb67d578a4912bc06be60c65&width=118" srcSet="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Farc-authors%2Firishtimes%2F19165d31-4107-4b81-bd4d-a8030b260b4b.png?auth=ff23017fc5148ba8da640607b96a7c7929245242fb67d578a4912bc06be60c65&width=78 78w, 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height="48" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M448 192V77.25c0-8.49-3.37-16.62-9.37-22.63L393.37 9.37c-6-6-14.14-9.37-22.63-9.37H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v160c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v112c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96h48c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V256c0-35.35-28.65-64-64-64zm-64 256H128v-96h256v96zm0-224H128V64h192v48c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96zm48 72c-13.25 0-24-10.75-24-24 0-13.26 10.75-24 24-24s24 10.74 24 24c0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div><article class="b-it-article-body article-body-wrapper article-sub-wrapper"><p class="c-paragraph">In the summer of 1995, I took one of the most eventful journeys in my life when I interrupted our family holiday in Connemara for a critical business trip. I boarded the Galway bus and then another on to Shannon, flew to New York and finally on to Phoenix, Arizona.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">My destination was the headquarters of <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/motorola/" target="_blank">Motorola</a> satellite communications. My family understandably were quite unhappy with the interruption. The Phoenix flight was also delayed by several hours, overbooked and I was very nearly denied boarding. I was exhausted arriving to my hotel at 5am, instead of the prior evening.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Over a short 8.30am breakfast with Motorola, I signed a long-negotiated but game-changing contract for my company, Iona, and then headed straight back to Connemara, arriving to my family the next day.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">The contract was for Iridium, an initiative to build a global communications network using low-orbit satellites. At a time when mobile phone networks were in their infancy, Motorola and its partners believed that a planetary mesh of satellites could instantly offer a cellular network anywhere in the world, including, in particular, for parts of the world then having a poor telecommunications infrastructure.</p><div id="fusion-static-enter:html-block-f0frCB4hReP77YJ-3-4-0" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0frCB4hReP77YJ-3-4-0"></div><div><div style="border-block-start: 4px solid var(--global-neutral-2);font-family:var(--font-family-secondary);font-weight: var(--c-heading-font-weight);font-size:1.1rem; padding-top:0.8rem;margin-top:2rem;">READ MORE</div></div><div id="fusion-static-exit:html-block-f0frCB4hReP77YJ-3-4-0" style="display:none" data-fusion-component="html-block-f0frCB4hReP77YJ-3-4-0"></div><div class="c-grid b-top-table-list"><div class="c-grid b-top-table-list-small-container b-top-table-list-small-container--2"><article class="c-grid b-top-table-list-small b-top-table-list-small--right"><h2 class="c-heading"><a class="c-link" href="/business/2024/11/30/chambers-avoids-tariff-elephant-in-the-amcham-room/">Chambers avoids tariff elephant in the AmCham room </a></h2><a class="c-link" href="/business/2024/11/30/chambers-avoids-tariff-elephant-in-the-amcham-room/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><figure class="c-media-item"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="Chambers avoids tariff elephant in the AmCham room " class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/BQRU3XBWP5G3VMU75QLRJFQAOU.jpg?smart=true&auth=4a0e47de4df5559ddc281160191040c08bef8a671894569c5a401fbbe8b055ac&width=800&height=533" srcSet="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/BQRU3XBWP5G3VMU75QLRJFQAOU.jpg?smart=true&auth=4a0e47de4df5559ddc281160191040c08bef8a671894569c5a401fbbe8b055ac&width=400&height=266 400w, 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aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><figure class="c-media-item"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="Trump tariff threats fail to rattle markets, but risks linger" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/O2WPROWKLGBPLQO46AHTC2XTUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=8edfe4a07260e36aa98d03eec978ad00ecc1f3fda4451e3d86bbf3fb3e809d4d&width=800&height=533" srcSet="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/O2WPROWKLGBPLQO46AHTC2XTUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=8edfe4a07260e36aa98d03eec978ad00ecc1f3fda4451e3d86bbf3fb3e809d4d&width=400&height=266 400w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/O2WPROWKLGBPLQO46AHTC2XTUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=8edfe4a07260e36aa98d03eec978ad00ecc1f3fda4451e3d86bbf3fb3e809d4d&width=600&height=399 600w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/O2WPROWKLGBPLQO46AHTC2XTUM.jpg?smart=true&auth=8edfe4a07260e36aa98d03eec978ad00ecc1f3fda4451e3d86bbf3fb3e809d4d&width=800&height=533 800w, 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src="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/VOHO2TUY5ZAYHL3EKWIY6QAXJA.jfif?smart=true&auth=f16c0edb0228dbe5969a8240dfd8a0936fbcf9ec68bb13a7ce0dd22666941e4d&width=800&height=533" srcSet="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/VOHO2TUY5ZAYHL3EKWIY6QAXJA.jfif?smart=true&auth=f16c0edb0228dbe5969a8240dfd8a0936fbcf9ec68bb13a7ce0dd22666941e4d&width=400&height=266 400w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/VOHO2TUY5ZAYHL3EKWIY6QAXJA.jfif?smart=true&auth=f16c0edb0228dbe5969a8240dfd8a0936fbcf9ec68bb13a7ce0dd22666941e4d&width=600&height=399 600w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/VOHO2TUY5ZAYHL3EKWIY6QAXJA.jfif?smart=true&auth=f16c0edb0228dbe5969a8240dfd8a0936fbcf9ec68bb13a7ce0dd22666941e4d&width=800&height=533 800w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/VOHO2TUY5ZAYHL3EKWIY6QAXJA.jfif?smart=true&auth=f16c0edb0228dbe5969a8240dfd8a0936fbcf9ec68bb13a7ce0dd22666941e4d&width=1200&height=799 1200w" width="800" height="533"/></figure></a><hr class="c-divider"/></article><article class="c-grid b-top-table-list-small b-top-table-list-small--right"><h2 class="c-heading"><a class="c-link" href="/business/economy/2024/11/29/john-fitzgerald-how-could-the-eu-respond-if-trump-imposes-tariffs/">How could the EU respond if Trump imposes tariffs?</a></h2><a class="c-link" href="/business/economy/2024/11/29/john-fitzgerald-how-could-the-eu-respond-if-trump-imposes-tariffs/" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><figure class="c-media-item"><img data-chromatic="ignore" alt="How could the EU respond if Trump imposes tariffs?" class="c-image" loading="lazy" src="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/JKBJI2ZKDFB36M4ILOHNKP65RI.jpg?smart=true&auth=39b7379b18419f8f76a76b20348d7348dacbd7598bf01bf7a81adcb68709d706&width=800&height=533" srcSet="https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/JKBJI2ZKDFB36M4ILOHNKP65RI.jpg?smart=true&auth=39b7379b18419f8f76a76b20348d7348dacbd7598bf01bf7a81adcb68709d706&width=400&height=266 400w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/JKBJI2ZKDFB36M4ILOHNKP65RI.jpg?smart=true&auth=39b7379b18419f8f76a76b20348d7348dacbd7598bf01bf7a81adcb68709d706&width=600&height=399 600w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/JKBJI2ZKDFB36M4ILOHNKP65RI.jpg?smart=true&auth=39b7379b18419f8f76a76b20348d7348dacbd7598bf01bf7a81adcb68709d706&width=800&height=533 800w, https://www.irishtimes.com/resizer/v2/JKBJI2ZKDFB36M4ILOHNKP65RI.jpg?smart=true&auth=39b7379b18419f8f76a76b20348d7348dacbd7598bf01bf7a81adcb68709d706&width=1200&height=799 1200w" width="800" height="533"/></figure></a><hr class="c-divider"/></article></div></div><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Iona supplied the foundational software to interconnect the three Iridium global network management centres in Phoenix, Rome and Honolulu. Because of the high profile of the project, it was an immense coup for our small Irish company against substantial brand-name competition, and subsequently created numerous opportunities for us with other mission-critical projects worldwide.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Iridium, however, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in August 1999, defaulting on $1.5 billion business in loans.</p><div id="arcad-feature-f0fA5zOjVt7q5My-3-4-3-d39459e4d91bd" class="default__StyledAdUnit-sc-1moicrg-0 gKEhzJ arcad-feature"><div class="arcad-container width_100" style="max-width:550px"><div id="arcad_f0fA5zOjVt7q5My-3-4-3-d39459e4d91bd" class="arcad ad-550x250"></div></div></div><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Its network had become operational the prior November, and its CEO and 28 member board of directors had projected a growth rate of at least 50,000 new users per month. In the event, it only had 20,000 users in total by that August and so broke banking covenants with its debt providers.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Various studies of the failure of Iridium have blamed the cost and physical bulk of its mobile handsets, and the competitive acceleration of terrestrial cellular networks.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Twenty-five years later, <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/elon-musk/" target="_blank">Elon Musk</a>’s <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/spacex/" target="_blank">SpaceX</a> is building <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/starlink/" target="_blank">Starlink</a>, likewise a global communications network using low-orbit satellites. It primarily offers internet wifi hotspots, rather than direct connections to mobile phones as in Iridium (although Starlink promises a “direct to cell” service from next year).</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Iridium used 10 Mbps microwave beams between adjacent satellites in its constellation, whereas Starlink today uses infrared lasers up to 100 Gbps – 10,000 times the bandwidth of the Iridium links. Iridium deployed 66 satellites, while Starlink is currently operating 7,000 and expects to grow this to at least 12,000 and maybe even to 34,000 based on SpaceX’s analysis of the expected global demand for its infrastructure.</p><p class="c-paragraph b-it-article-body__interstitial-link"><span>[ </span><a aria-label="Open related story" class="c-link" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2023/09/28/getting-insurance-in-space-should-not-have-to-be-rocket-science/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">Getting insurance in space should not have to be rocket science<span class="visually-hidden">Opens in new window</span></a><span> ]</span></p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">But Starlink may soon not be the only game in town. <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/jeff-bezos/" target="_blank">Jeff Bezos</a>’s <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/amazon/" target="_blank">Amazon</a> already runs much of the internet’s infrastructure with its web services and worldwide data centres. Adding a satellite constellation would allow Amazon to strengthen its competitive position with direct high-capacity connections to its infrastructure, bypassing any need for intermediary internet service providers.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Amazon thus founded its Kuiper satellite subsidiary in 2019, four years after Starlink. Kuiper has so far launched just two test satellites but intends to build out its constellation of 3,000 satellites from early next year. It must have at least 1,600 in orbit by July 2026 to meet its commitments to its US regulator (the Federal Communications Commission).</p><div id="arcad-feature-f0fq2HIufcDr5Mt-3-4-4-1954997bc10a35" class="default__StyledAdUnit-sc-1moicrg-0 gKEhzJ arcad-feature"><div class="arcad-container width_100" style="max-width:550px"><div id="arcad_f0fq2HIufcDr5Mt-3-4-4-1954997bc10a35" class="arcad ad-550x250"></div></div></div><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Much of the technology appears broadly similar to that of Starlink although different frequency bands are used to connect the constellations to the ground terminals, with Kuiper using a higher bandwidth but potentially being more susceptible to weather conditions.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Starlink is estimated to have cost about $10 billion to date, and maybe $20 billion for a dense constellation. Nevertheless, SpaceX has been able to keep the Starlink costs comparatively low by largely building its satellites in-house and using its own rockets to launch the satellites.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Kuiper’s costs are expected to be significantly higher in comparison, both due to satellite manufacturing costs and contracting with multiple launch companies (including Bezos’ own SpaceX competitor, <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/blue-origin/" target="_blank">Blue Origin</a>).</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">Some analysts expect Starlink to grow its current 2.7 million subscribers and $6.6 billion in revenue to at least five million subscribers by 2027 and circa $32 billion in revenue. An optimal analysis for Kuiper projects 100 million customers at $30 per month, and thus $36 billion in annual revenue.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">In both projects, satellites are an ongoing cost. Kuiper expects a seven-year satellite lifespan. So once fully operational, about 450 satellites will need to be annually replaced. Starlink’s current satellites only have a five-year span. Once its 12,000 satellites are operational, 2,400 of them will need to be annually replaced at an estimated annual cost of $8.2 billion.</p><p class="c-paragraph paywall">The project lead for Kuiper was hired in 2018 from SpaceX and there were rumours that he was fired for being overly cautious compared with Musk’s impatience. Some analysts are now speculating that Kuiper is moving far too slowly and that there are too many challenges ahead to progress from today’s two test satellites to meeting the FCC requirement of 1,600 in 20 months’ time. Even with Amazon’s deep pockets, Kuiper’s high costs may be more than its investors wish to bear.</p><ul class="c-unordered-list paywall"><li class="c-list-item paywall"><i>Sign up for </i><a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/media/2023/11/07/stay-informed-with-push-alerts-from-the-irish-times-delivered-straight-to-your-phone/" target="_blank"><i>Business push alerts</i></a><i> and have the best news, analysis and comment delivered directly to your phone</i></li><li class="c-list-item paywall"><i>Find </i><a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/media/2023/10/27/find-the-irish-times-on-whatsapp-and-stay-up-to-date/" target="_blank"><i>The Irish Times on WhatsApp</i></a><i> and stay up to date</i></li><li class="c-list-item paywall"><i>Our Inside Business podcast is published weekly - Find the latest episode </i><a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/podcasts/inside-business/" target="_blank"><i>here</i></a></li></ul></article><div id="lazy_63245" class="lazy_container"><div class="b-flex-chain"><div class="b-flex-chain__grid-container b-flex-chain__grid-container__12 gap"><div class="c-stack grid-item " data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div data-testid="article-container" class="c-stack b-article-tag" data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="center" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="wrap"><a class="c-pill" href="/tags/elon-musk/">Elon Musk</a><a class="c-pill" href="/tags/jeff-bezos/">Jeff Bezos</a><a class="c-pill" href="/tags/amazon/">Amazon</a><a class="c-pill" href="/tags/starlink/">Starlink</a><a class="c-pill" href="/tags/motorola/">Motorola</a><a class="c-pill" href="/tags/spacex/">Spacex</a></div><div class="c-stack b-flex-promo-list-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap" style="--c-stack-gap:1rem"></div><div class="floating-subscribe"></div><div id="arcad-feature-f0fxlXV57SJ370m-3-5-3-1fd2414ca4758b" class="default__StyledAdUnit-sc-1moicrg-0 gKEhzJ arcad-feature"><div class="arcad-container width_100" style="max-width:728px"><div id="arcad_f0fxlXV57SJ370m-3-5-3-1fd2414ca4758b" class="arcad ad-728x90"></div></div></div><hr class="c-divider b-it-divider-block"/><div class="c-grid b-it-header-block"><div class="b-it-header-block__header-block font-normal "><div class="c-stack b-it-header-block__heading-h5 font-normal" data-style-direction="horizontal" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="center" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap"><div class="c-stack headline-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap" style="--c-stack-gap:0"><h3 as="h5" class="c-heading font-normal margin_none">IN THIS SECTION</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="c-stack b-flex-promo-list-block" data-style-direction="vertical" data-style-justification="start" data-style-alignment="unset" data-style-inline="false" data-style-wrap="nowrap" style="--c-stack-gap:1rem"><article class="b-flex-promo-card bottom-divider"><div class="b-flex-promo-card__text"><div class="b-flex-promo-card__text-no-overline"><h3 class="c-heading c-heading__md-sm text-align_left"><a class="c-link font-bold" href="/business/innovation/2024/11/28/airlines-charting-intermediate-courses-on-path-to-sustainability/">Geese and sharks show airlines the way to fuel efficiency </a></h3></div></div></article><article class="b-flex-promo-card bottom-divider"><div class="b-flex-promo-card__text"><div class="b-flex-promo-card__text-no-overline"><h3 class="c-heading c-heading__md-sm text-align_left"><a class="c-link font-bold" href="/business/innovation/2024/11/21/menopal-app-offers-proactive-support-to-women-going-through-menopause/">MenoPal app offers proactive support to women going through menopause</a></h3></div></div></article><article class="b-flex-promo-card bottom-divider"><div class="b-flex-promo-card__text"><div class="b-flex-promo-card__text-no-overline"><h3 class="c-heading c-heading__md-sm text-align_left"><a class="c-link font-bold" href="/business/innovation/2024/11/21/how-can-europe-close-its-innovation-gap-with-the-us-by-taking-a-digital-leap-forward/">How can Europe close its innovation gap with the US? 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type="application/javascript">window.Fusion=window.Fusion||{};Fusion.arcSite="irishtimes";Fusion.contextPath="/pf";Fusion.deployment="155";Fusion.globalContent={"_id":"JY5WIXIDJRGLFCHSDBUILO7E2A","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":366,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/5469/podcasts/d7c1c44f-4619-4180-9756-944da25f97aa/versions/1729512090/media/e54a6281897e2a0a7f613543adff195f_compiled.mp3","clipboard":{},"has_published_copy":true,"is_published":true,"publish_date":"2024-10-24T04:00:04.141Z"},"address":{},"canonical_website":"irishtimes","comments":{"allow_comments":false,"display_comments":false,"moderation_required":false},"content_elements":[{"_id":"7F6PSHOYKFCBPLQFETZKCXVJLY","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989500,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"In the summer of 1995, I took one of the most eventful journeys in my life when I interrupted our family holiday in Connemara for a critical business trip. I boarded the Galway bus and then another on to Shannon, flew to New York and finally on to Phoenix, Arizona.","type":"text"},{"_id":"FA2TP3G52NAS3AWQAO42TJCJJA","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989501,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"My destination was the headquarters of <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/motorola/\" target=\"_blank\">Motorola</a> satellite communications. My family understandably were quite unhappy with the interruption. The Phoenix flight was also delayed by several hours, overbooked and I was very nearly denied boarding. I was exhausted arriving to my hotel at 5am, instead of the prior evening.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"KMVGZJFVHJEQLJMQOTGRGCEC4I","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989502,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Over a short 8.30am breakfast with Motorola, I signed a long-negotiated but game-changing contract for my company, Iona, and then headed straight back to Connemara, arriving to my family the next day.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"ZFHM6LXTEVDIHHRUWQB33IZXUA","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989503,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"The contract was for Iridium, an initiative to build a global communications network using low-orbit satellites. At a time when mobile phone networks were in their infancy, Motorola and its partners believed that a planetary mesh of satellites could instantly offer a cellular network anywhere in the world, including, in particular, for parts of the world then having a poor telecommunications infrastructure.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"BUDABRVLWJBQRHHRBJGIRM7KYA","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989504,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Iona supplied the foundational software to interconnect the three Iridium global network management centres in Phoenix, Rome and Honolulu. Because of the high profile of the project, it was an immense coup for our small Irish company against substantial brand-name competition, and subsequently created numerous opportunities for us with other mission-critical projects worldwide.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"XHDFBXIMRZACFEBIKECUIG5EPI","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989505,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Iridium, however, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in August 1999, defaulting on $1.5 billion business in loans.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"E2NGA23RLZGX3FNUIZGODL2XTQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989506,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Its network had become operational the prior November, and its CEO and 28 member board of directors had projected a growth rate of at least 50,000 new users per month. In the event, it only had 20,000 users in total by that August and so broke banking covenants with its debt providers.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"4PBRTU2Q6RHRHI4MCQ57LA6XCM","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989507,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Various studies of the failure of Iridium have blamed the cost and physical bulk of its mobile handsets, and the competitive acceleration of terrestrial cellular networks.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"BAJVLE5VYFA4VEYGR6CJKM5YVE","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989508,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Twenty-five years later, <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/elon-musk/\" target=\"_blank\">Elon Musk</a>’s <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/spacex/\" target=\"_blank\">SpaceX</a> is building <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/starlink/\" target=\"_blank\">Starlink</a>, likewise a global communications network using low-orbit satellites. It primarily offers internet wifi hotspots, rather than direct connections to mobile phones as in Iridium (although Starlink promises a “direct to cell” service from next year).","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"RBP4L2MMLNCBPJNDB356BXHN6A","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989509,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Iridium used 10 Mbps microwave beams between adjacent satellites in its constellation, whereas Starlink today uses infrared lasers up to 100 Gbps – 10,000 times the bandwidth of the Iridium links. Iridium deployed 66 satellites, while Starlink is currently operating 7,000 and expects to grow this to at least 12,000 and maybe even to 34,000 based on SpaceX’s analysis of the expected global demand for its infrastructure.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"KUQPWYX5XNDDPDMD7SIQSBKGZU","additional_properties":{"_id":"J3YBYU3LNNBZLG4PTY45ODRG4E","comments":[]},"content":"Getting insurance in space should not have to be rocket science","type":"interstitial_link","url":"https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2023/09/28/getting-insurance-in-space-should-not-have-to-be-rocket-science/"},{"_id":"HVDMURY3KFGWRGUKQFW6PHNGYU","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989510,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"But Starlink may soon not be the only game in town. <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/jeff-bezos/\" target=\"_blank\">Jeff Bezos</a>’s <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/amazon/\" target=\"_blank\">Amazon</a> already runs much of the internet’s infrastructure with its web services and worldwide data centres. Adding a satellite constellation would allow Amazon to strengthen its competitive position with direct high-capacity connections to its infrastructure, bypassing any need for intermediary internet service providers.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"MFHBN3YQDZHS7DKCC7PTWC6YIE","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989511,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Amazon thus founded its Kuiper satellite subsidiary in 2019, four years after Starlink. Kuiper has so far launched just two test satellites but intends to build out its constellation of 3,000 satellites from early next year. It must have at least 1,600 in orbit by July 2026 to meet its commitments to its US regulator (the Federal Communications Commission).","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"E4NF67I7E5EWZGAJML65JYXVUE","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989512,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Much of the technology appears broadly similar to that of Starlink although different frequency bands are used to connect the constellations to the ground terminals, with Kuiper using a higher bandwidth but potentially being more susceptible to weather conditions.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"3YCVGTNSOZFGPNIMPTPZBRDXYA","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989513,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Starlink is estimated to have cost about $10 billion to date, and maybe $20 billion for a dense constellation. Nevertheless, SpaceX has been able to keep the Starlink costs comparatively low by largely building its satellites in-house and using its own rockets to launch the satellites.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"KSDYDLC56VCP7DWIMMIBNRUEU4","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989514,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Kuiper’s costs are expected to be significantly higher in comparison, both due to satellite manufacturing costs and contracting with multiple launch companies (including Bezos’ own SpaceX competitor, <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/blue-origin/\" target=\"_blank\">Blue Origin</a>).","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"OEIUB27CPZE7LJC2Z3EXMUUMCE","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989515,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"Some analysts expect Starlink to grow its current 2.7 million subscribers and $6.6 billion in revenue to at least five million subscribers by 2027 and circa $32 billion in revenue. An optimal analysis for Kuiper projects 100 million customers at $30 per month, and thus $36 billion in annual revenue.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"CNQAESI27JHS7LC7L73ILGGE4Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989516,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"In both projects, satellites are an ongoing cost. Kuiper expects a seven-year satellite lifespan. So once fully operational, about 450 satellites will need to be annually replaced. Starlink’s current satellites only have a five-year span. Once its 12,000 satellites are operational, 2,400 of them will need to be annually replaced at an estimated annual cost of $8.2 billion.","type":"text","paywall":"paywall"},{"_id":"4LNQGMBKGVADDB7IAYYPULAJQM","additional_properties":{"_id":1729506989517,"comments":[],"inline_comments":[]},"content":"The project lead for Kuiper was hired in 2018 from SpaceX and there were rumours that he was fired for being overly cautious compared with Musk’s impatience. Some analysts are now speculating that Kuiper is moving far too slowly and that there are too many challenges ahead to progress from today’s two test satellites to meeting the FCC requirement of 1,600 in 20 months’ time. 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October 2022, after intensive diplomacy at a meeting of the <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/international-civil-aviation-organisation/\" target=\"_blank\">International Civil Aviation Organisation</a> (ICAO) in <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/world/canada/\" target=\"_blank\">Montreal</a>, 184 countries agreed an aspirational goal of making the <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/international-airlines/\" target=\"_blank\">aviation</a> industry <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\">net neutral</a> of carbon emissions by 2050.","type":"text"},{"_id":"MLPWVHJZMNECVFWYSUU42G54DE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953648},"content":"<a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/\" target=\"_blank\">Ireland</a> has a key global role in this ambition. Approximately 58 per cent of all civil aircraft worldwide are leased and, of these, about 50 per cent are leased through more than 30 leasing companies operating in Ireland.","type":"text"},{"_id":"4V46DG4WGFHONKOKQQAIOGVEJE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569061},"content":"Financing business models used to be based on the solvency of an airline operator, its business model, the age of the aircraft and their residual values. Now the emissions impact is becoming an increasingly significant factor.","type":"text"},{"_id":"C56V74CZJJDCJBDRRHQLHAXLPM","additional_properties":{"_id":"33HSVOEXJ5GFHDIUQL6LESZLAA"},"content":"Aircraft lessors prepare for ‘mega trial’ in row with insurers over planes stuck in Russia","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"WMBCUUVI3ZGOJCBC5IWG5QZ5KQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953649},"content":"The recent winner of The Irish Times Innovation Awards (disclosure: I was the chairman of the judging panel), <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/business/innovation/2024/11/13/fexco-wins-irish-times-innovation-of-the-year-for-platform-tracking-airline-emissions-from-fleet-to-seat/\" target=\"_blank\">PACE</a>, is well positioned to assist. The company accurately measures the carbon emission impact globally from existing aviation operations, down to the granularity of specific individual flights and occupied seat classes (eg business or economy).","type":"text"},{"_id":"APOJBAPAANBJXFVRD5KA2AJCX4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569063},"content":"The analysis can be aggregated across airlines, and specific aircraft models and configurations, and also for particular airports. The raw data is taken from live flight-tracking data collected worldwide, including some data made available via industry partnerships.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QF5LHDKKWBFQTI62CK3QK4QWIY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953650},"content":"The ICAO goal is ambitious. By 2050 the aviation industry expects to have emission-free aircraft using electric engines, with highly efficient fuselage shapes, including blended wings and high aspect-ratio configurations. However, aircraft rolling off production lines today will almost certainly still be flying in 25 years’ time, given aircraft lifetimes.","type":"text"},{"_id":"XUHQCTBBY5GARHTPJHL733EFDU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569065},"content":"The big challenge is, therefore, not developing exciting new designs for roll-out towards 2050, but rather how can today’s aircraft fleets be upgraded while in service in the years ahead to become fully net carbon neutral by 2050?","type":"text"},{"_id":"KGCKOCU7DBBJXPEGJVSJLRUD6A","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953651},"content":"Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is typically made from waste oils and residues, and potentially from direct carbon capture systems. By recycling carbon already in the atmosphere, SAF avoids releasing additional carbon into the air. Fortunately it is compatible with jet fuel and so kerosene and SAF blends can fuel existing jet engines.","type":"text"},{"_id":"KM7TATPF4FFO7LV4FTMRAGWUVE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569067},"content":"However, SAF can cause rubber hoses and seals in fuel tanks and engine fittings to become brittle and susceptible to leakage over time. Both Airbus and Boeing have undertaken to enable retrofitting of existing fleets with new fuel-line systems capable of enduring high SAF concentrations.","type":"text"},{"_id":"BUIE4FIUGJHTLMNJC5VVIOWJ2M","additional_properties":{"_id":"GVQLFKA4M5B65LOIFMTJLFUBIM"},"content":"Green aviation fuel industry could be worth €2.55bn to Ireland","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"E7M7S2KJNNFOHEA3E46CZJXWJE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953652},"content":"Currently, SAF is approximately twice as expensive as traditional jet fuel and accounts for only about 1 per cent of global jet fuel consumption. The European Union Safety Agency has predicted that about 2.3 million tonnes of SAF would be needed annually to reach just 5 per cent SAF usage across the EU by 2030. At present, EU production is only one 10th of that.","type":"text"},{"_id":"GF36AZ5Q7RG2VGCDLPMEX44FIA","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953653},"content":"Hydrogen is a longer-term potential jet fuel replacement. It would be emission-free but only if the hydrogen itself is also produced without emissions, presumably by renewable electricity electrolysing water.","type":"text"},{"_id":"PW22N6YEY5AANEA4TJIX5G7EKU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569070},"content":"Although very light for a given amount of energy, hydrogen has a low volumetric density and requires extremely low temperatures and high pressures to be stored. Existing fuel tanks cannot be used and new cylindrical tanks are required for hydrogen in aircraft. Hydrogen also burns at a higher temperature than traditional fuel, a challenge for existing jet engines.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QIKN4NE64JGXHEZVBGVYDP4VJI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569071},"content":"Airport ground operations and supply chains worldwide will also need heavy investment, almost certainly with support from national governments, to manage and store hydrogen fuel.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QL7FD5PPSZF3TBZKHDOE3ASEYU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953654},"content":"Airbus has committed to producing an entirely new aircraft model powered by hydrogen by 2035. Derwent Technologies, a specialist UK company, has proposed a dual SAF-hydrogen adaptor for existing jet engines, which would automatically switch between SAF for high-power situations (such as take-off and go-around) and hydrogen fuel only for low-power cruise so that the engine would be undamaged. Hydrogen would be carried by external underwing storage tanks. Derwent claims that existing short-haul aircraft could thus be converted to partial use of hydrogen fuel.","type":"text"},{"_id":"RFI6JBNMYBC23HGEUCLPOM42GU","additional_properties":{"_id":"EIASY7O57VHDPHHDNSKFEJPTYY"},"content":"Green hydrogen: Cause for hope or hype?","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"HZJ6WC3EERDUVIKSHACVYPWJJM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953655},"content":"Nature is also providing inspiration. The Lufthansa group is using sharkskin technology to reduce friction in flight and so reduce fuel consumption, as I discussed <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/business/innovation/2024/09/05/how-sharks-are-helping-the-aviation-industry-to-reduce-carbon-emissions/\" target=\"_blank\">in September</a>. Meanwhile, migrating geese are showing the way to the aircraft manufacturer. The Airbus “fello’fly” project demonstrated how air turbulence behind an aircraft, which is usually avoided by other aircraft, could be exploited by a trailing aircraft to reduce its own fuel burn by 5 to 10 per cent. Normally aircraft are separated by at least 30 nautical miles for transoceanic flights but, as a demonstration, the project paired two A350s from Toulouse to Montreal separated by only 1.2 nautical miles. The tactic is inspired by migrating flocks of geese, flying in V-formation, where each bird benefits from reduced drag because of the bird in front.","type":"text"},{"_id":"FUESF7DX2JCHJKGCL6RJVURMJI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732537569075},"content":"A number of airlines, Boeing, <a href=\"https://www.eurocontrol.int/\" target=\"_blank\">Eurocontrol</a> and other partners are now joining Airbus in a follow-on EU Horizon-funded initiative to develop cockpit functions and flight management support to track and exploit wake vortexes. Aircraft could be safely paired for long-haul flights if navigational and air traffic procedures can be evolved appropriately.","type":"text"},{"_id":"KT72FSFHRBEALLX56JK3BSNML4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732528953657},"content":"With the imminent Trump administration, carbon neutrality goals seem likely to diverge between the US and rest of the world. That could well allow Europe and Airbus to consolidate a leadership position.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HITRL72YC5GGXB6SFASUGJBL5Y","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"metered"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Chris Horn"}},"name":"Chris Horn"}]},"description":{"basic":"Aircraft manufacturers are taking inspiration from sharks and migrating geese, as initiatives in sustainable fuel are still in their infancy"},"display_date":"2024-11-28T05:00:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Geese and sharks show airlines the way to fuel efficiency ","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"5469"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"6INYCLMWFJACVJ5W7O7L6TQTCI","auth":{"1":"8eaa2389f297afefee909feac46608d629258b74209de0aa92595283cb1c8e5f"},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/6INYCLMWFJACVJ5W7O7L6TQTCI.jpg"}},"subtype":"columnist","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Innovation"},{"name":"Business"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/28/airlines-charting-intermediate-courses-on-path-to-sustainability/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/business/innovation","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Innovation"}}}},{"_id":"QEK33FXBJBBKJOY33M427VJVEU","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":246,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/5469/podcasts/1e68514c-06a8-434b-8763-a33a2522190f/versions/1732032579/media/4593214491eff6e5b87e976cc071f9dd_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/21/menopal-app-offers-proactive-support-to-women-going-through-menopause/","content_elements":[{"_id":"JMQ3F5BVUVGQBPHGRLWE6TEU5Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836551},"content":"A few years ago, Victoria Finlay began experiencing a range of distressing symptoms that made it difficult for her to leave home. Despite multiple visits to specialists and hours spent searching “Dr Google” for information, Finlay couldn’t get a satisfactory explanation for why she felt so unwell.","type":"text"},{"_id":"OP7LUADRQBE57AEW32PX545CS4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836552},"content":"Ultimately, it was a Facebook group that provided the answer. Reading what other women had written, Finlay realised she was in the throes of the perimenopause. She trawled for information to understand what was happening to her body but, having failed to find reliable, practical advice, she resolved to do something about it and the seeds for The MenoPal app were sown.","type":"text"},{"_id":"ITXIL6FTCZFURL5EE3IB34R2PM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836553},"content":"“Basically, clinicians were treating my symptoms separately. No one put them all together and realised they were due to the perimenopause,” Finlay says. “Having had to work this out for myself, I created the MenoPal so no other woman has to go through menopause alone. The MenoPal will empower women to manage their health journey and achieve better outcomes.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"VDYDO267INAE3C6WUEHE3WGRRE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836554},"content":"The MenoPal is a personalised, AI-driven app that provides tailored health insights, proactive recommendations and tracking for more than 70 different reported menopause symptoms, including brain fog, sleep disturbance, hormonal-related acne and low mood. The app will be launched in the first quarter of 2025 to individuals but also to corporate customers as Finlay says companies have shown a keen interest in adding the app to their existing employee wellbeing initiatives.","type":"text"},{"_id":"JNFYWXO7F5FVHPKVLODIUKDBFY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836555},"content":"“One in 10 female employees quits their job due to debilitating menopause-related symptoms and there is a cost to replacing them,” Finlay says. “Around 20 per cent experience problems at work due to menopause symptoms and there is a 6 per cent rise in the suicide rate in women aged between 45 and 54.","type":"text"},{"_id":"IFTT3W2TNBDJXIRTZG65PLJUWI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836556},"content":"“I thought I was pretty well up, but I really didn’t know what was happening to me and I couldn’t find anywhere that provided the information I needed when I needed it.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QAHH4QFCR5CR3BW7K3P27FGQLI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836557},"content":"“My husband and I both have digital/tech backgrounds so that was always going to be the route to market. Having decided to go for it, I joined the New Frontiers programme at the Synergy Centre at TU Tallaght to focus on fast-tracking the development of the app but also in order to access the tech start-ups ecosystem,” says Finlay, who is no stranger to start-ups having already founded a performance marketing company and a European fashion distribution business.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TY2OACFUGFHOXCYRI5HJUB5OIE","additional_properties":{"_id":"R2V42JWOFZH5BDZAVW5OOEHJ4Q"},"content":"Menopause: ‘I genuinely believed I was slowly dying’","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"ZX54O65QSRHXLDHCZJ42UBSKVM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836558},"content":"The MenoPal app has been developed at a cost of about €250,000 which has been self-funded. The company employs eight people and angel investment will be sought next year once the app builds up a critical mass of users. The app is applicable internationally and Finlay is initially targeting women in Ireland and Britain before moving on to the US. It costs €9.99 a month (or €99 a year) for symptom tracking, reporting, personalised insights and access to a support community of women at a similar point in their lives.","type":"text"},{"_id":"AT7RJ5GPPZGUZMATAUSIPLJ53Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836559},"content":"“We have now built a large data set of menopause and perimenopause information and trained the model to answer ‘ask me anything’ questions because I was so frustrated at not being able to get answers quickly. With MenoPal, the information is all in one place and at your fingertips,” Finlay says. “By using the app, women can keep track of how they’re feeling and can bring a physical record of their symptoms when they visit their GP, so the GP has concrete information to go on.","type":"text"},{"_id":"Z6GVYF7VQ5H4PGUIXBMJ6IEVPQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732007836560},"content":"“There are trackers and other menopause apps on the market but they lack the advanced technology and innovation we’re developing,” Finlay adds. “The MenoPal differentiates itself through its use of AI, augmented reality and deep learning to deliver proactive care. In short, we are focused on creating a comprehensive, tech-enabled solution with proprietary IP that sets a new standard for personalised menopause care and support.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"R7P75IMSEFEK3ECM642SOQECJY","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"metered"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Olive Keogh"}},"name":"Olive Keogh"}]},"description":{"basic":"New Innovator: Founder Victoria Finlay says app sets a new standard for personalised menopause care and support"},"display_date":"2024-11-21T05:00:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"MenoPal app offers proactive support to women going through menopause","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"5469"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"EXRZDPBMHJDGRKOM6J72JTCD4U","auth":{"1":"ff790336244fbd374c51517f0c5740d6462e7fb95440dc6494c9b351662226c5"},"focal_point":{"x":2210,"y":1295},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/EXRZDPBMHJDGRKOM6J72JTCD4U.jpg"}},"subtype":"feature","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Innovation"},{"name":"Business"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/21/menopal-app-offers-proactive-support-to-women-going-through-menopause/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/business/innovation","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Innovation"}}}},{"_id":"N2SB4CCUFBANLGKDNQKX2NLIDI","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":313,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/5469/podcasts/7ec08114-d14a-49d1-af59-4ce1228bc129/versions/1732029915/media/09ed5fae15003c1e44149db77d415b70_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/21/how-can-europe-close-its-innovation-gap-with-the-us-by-taking-a-digital-leap-forward/","content_elements":[{"_id":"6TERQAW3TFHDLOXCY7K7VSBKZI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261790},"content":"A tragedy is in the making for EU economic policy if a misleading conclusion drawn from former European Central Bank president <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2024/09/09/eu-will-have-to-scale-back-ambition-if-competitive-crisis-not-tackled-mario-draghi/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Draghi’s recent productivity report</a> is cemented. This is the paralysing belief that Europe will fall hopelessly behind the US in innovation unless it finds hundreds of billions in additional public subsidies – which politicians who pride themselves on their realism rush to dismiss as impossible.","type":"text"},{"_id":"MYUF3JO2R5BD5BMP2F6FSGCN2E","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261791},"content":"Draghi’s analysis is of course a lot more sophisticated than that. But where do the sources of the EU’s innovation gap really lie? A good place to start is a recent study of <a href=\"https://www.econpol.eu/publications/policy_report/eu-innovation-policy-how-to-escape-the-middle-technology-trap\" target=\"_blank\">“how to escape the middle technology trap”</a> by the European Policy Analysis Group.","type":"text"},{"_id":"36WT2JZ43NGNFP5WRAOCWNJT24","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261792},"content":"It starts with the important fact that the EU subsidises innovation as much as the US. In both, public spending on research and development is about 0.7 per cent of their GDP. So this can’t explain America’s innovation advantage. R&D spending by private businesses, however, is almost twice as high in the US as it is in the EU (2.3 per cent versus 1.2 per cent of GDP).","type":"text"},{"_id":"J4O5BIONDJHGNBVLQWAZUETW2U","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261793},"content":"Until recently, sector-specific ratios of R&D to revenue were the same on both sides of the Atlantic. But a much larger slice of the US economy is occupied by high-tech sectors, especially pharma and biotech, software, and aerospace and defence. In addition, R&D intensity rates in US high-tech sectors themselves have been pulling ahead of the EU’s in the past decade. But still, 60 per cent of the private R&D spending gap is accounted for by sectoral composition.","type":"text"},{"_id":"DBUFTQXPNBHPDCOP7USXOVSSIU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261794},"content":"Strikingly, the study points out that the US’s three largest private R&D spenders changed from Ford, Pfizer and GM at the start of the millennium to Alphabet, Meta and Microsoft today (in between, Intel also featured in the top three).","type":"text"},{"_id":"LXUAGYEXQBGWNJC37W4H3DPNFM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732026748445},"content":"In the EU, they were Mercedes-Benz, VW and Siemens then, and are VW, Mercedes-Benz and Bosch today. This shows two things: that new companies muscle out old giants faster in the US than in the EU; and that Europe has a particular attachment to the automotive sector.","type":"text"},{"_id":"EWUS7CD4XBB6XCM7JPFNTR6TAU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261795},"content":"Simply put, the US does more R&D than the EU because it does more private R&D in frontier sectors. It does so because frontier sectors become a bigger share of the economy – and no doubt they become a bigger share because there is more R&D spending on them. The US is enjoying a virtuous cycle, while the EU is caught in a mid-tech trap. This is what policy needs to fix.","type":"text"},{"_id":"5CKBXAE76BEHFOBRT3U6MNQ6IU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261796},"content":"The reasons why high-tech sectors are bigger in the US are not necessarily to be emulated. An extortionate health payment system and vast military-industrial complex support huge pharma and aerospace and defence markets. But take software: why is software development so much smaller in Europe? (The sectoral value added of information and communication technology is twice as large in the US as in the EU.)","type":"text"},{"_id":"PQJVARKAXRCCRHLY2QT5F2MWXY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261797},"content":"It is obviously not because Europe lacks innovative ability in software. That much is clear from the existence of Linux, Skype, Spotify and X-Road (the distributed information exchange platform underpinning Estonia’s digital government infrastructure). And while the aforementioned report has good ideas on how to improve Europe’s public funding for innovative technology, poorly targeted subsidies are not the likely reason for a small software sector.","type":"text"},{"_id":"FCPB7YONQJAXZJDVTJMTAD5NJE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261798},"content":"We may get closer to the answer by asking different questions. Why isn’t every EU government – and the EU itself – as digitally sophisticated as Estonia’s? Why is so much of Europe using US-made software instead of EU-manufactured alternatives? Why do the bloc’s Skypes and Spotifys find it easier to go to the US to expand both their funding and their business?","type":"text"},{"_id":"KRIH2AO2RFFNXKD6LBHIX22H4U","additional_properties":{"_id":1732026748450},"content":"These failures have less to do with common EU subsidies than with a lack of coherent policy planning.","type":"text"},{"_id":"SMFDPVQ43BGDJL4GV6Q6WCZ4NQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261799},"content":"Smarter, co-ordinated procurement policy could establish EU-wide interconnected digital platforms on everything from Estonian style e-government (Finland and Estonia have connected theirs) to payment systems, where a programmable digital euro could be transformative for European fintech. Take as inspiration the EU’s swift and successful development of something as politically sensitive as a digital vaccine passport trusted across the bloc.","type":"text"},{"_id":"IRLLNSS2SFFTZPZTAYN7WNN6XA","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261800},"content":"Regulatory policy could make it easier for start-ups to access enough funding and scale up in the EU’s single market by creating a streamlined pan-European start-up entity – the “EU Inc” now demanded by some of the continent’s most successful start-up founders – through a “28th regime” of corporate law.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QMB56DZA4RFKLF2BDLYNYZ5TNQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732008261801},"content":"If smart combinations of procurement and regulation created a much bigger home market for EU software, a bigger, hungrier and more risk-loving industry would surely follow – and with it the desired innovation catch-up. ","type":"text"},{"_id":"ED3XD525UZFS5KUG7HAIX6XRAE","additional_properties":{},"content":"<i>– Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2024</i>","type":"text"},{"_id":"R7P75IMSEFEK3ECM642SOQECJY","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"metered"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Martin Sandbu"}]},"description":{"basic":"The US is enjoying a virtuous cycle, while the EU is caught in a mid-tech trap"},"display_date":"2024-11-21T05:00:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"How can Europe close its innovation gap with the US? By taking a digital leap forward ","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"5469"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"3DTA2NCGLBFKVPZ5ZW4XOGFOHQ","auth":{"1":"311e2268b0ea984e7a94007dfd85ba557d15c0cbab0b4c77de50e9a2582ac98e"},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/3DTA2NCGLBFKVPZ5ZW4XOGFOHQ.jpg"}},"subtype":"feature","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Innovation"},{"name":"Business"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/21/how-can-europe-close-its-innovation-gap-with-the-us-by-taking-a-digital-leap-forward/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/business/innovation","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Innovation"}}}},{"_id":"QPHZ7VF7D5CUJLFAPRY5TBD3QM","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":348,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/5469/podcasts/e840029e-421b-4438-abfe-3d56d163a7f4/versions/1731316684/media/8dec85679cd4a63bb457b3eaae56b8c1_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/14/chris-horn-ai-is-90-per-cent-marketing-10-per-cent-reality-and-its-true-business-impact-has-yet-to-be-proven/","content_elements":[{"_id":"4Q5VENHXLZCNJKKVIAOVMDQESY","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506234},"content":"Joe makes a call from a phone booth. It costs him 60 cents for each minute of his call. After 10 minutes, the price drops to 50 cents per minute. How much would a 30 minute call cost him?","type":"text"},{"_id":"JXIVR5BGURGUZNQEBSUM3BMXCU","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506235},"content":"Questions like these are a part of a suite of arithmetic tests for US grade schools, typically targeting 10 to 11 year olds. Mathematical reasoning is key to problem solving. It therefore can be used to measure the capabilities of an <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/artificial-intelligence/\" target=\"_blank\">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) system.","type":"text"},{"_id":"ML3625SMZVFOJL6ZPWRS7537NQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506236},"content":"The grade school math 8k (GSM8K) suite has become a popular benchmark for various AI large language models (LLMs), such as <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/chatgpt/\" target=\"_blank\">ChatGPT</a>. The suite contains 8,500 problems like the one above, divided into problems to train a LLM and then the real problems to be solved. The latest LLM from ChatGPT’s OpenAI, the GPT-4o model, has scored 92.5 per cent on the GSM8K suite while Google’s LLM Gemini 1.5 Pro scored 91.7 per cent. A smaller LLM having fewer tuning parameters, Microsoft’s Phi-3-small, has nevertheless achieved an impressive 88.5 per cent.","type":"text"},{"_id":"LODPD6CI2BEXXI3T33W5BMPRWQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506237},"content":"However, <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.05229\" target=\"_blank\">a recent paper</a> by six researchers at <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/apple/\" target=\"_blank\">Apple</a> has uncovered significant weaknesses in the reasoning ability of 22 different state-of-the-art LLMs, including those named above. Just a simple name change – such as from “Joe” to “Dave” in the problem above – and then leaving the remainder of the test question completely unchanged, may lead to a different answer from a LLM. This is clearly surprising, and would not be expected from a student who has genuine mathematical understanding.","type":"text"},{"_id":"LJM4J5QVCRBSVM2GV4MDRH3CYY","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506238},"content":"The fragility of the various LLMs examined by the researchers was more significant when numbers in the test problems were changed, rather than just names alone.","type":"text"},{"_id":"3KKLJODSQJB2TFFXUVTP6WEF3A","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506239},"content":"For example, changing the base rate of the phone call in the test above from 60 cents a minute to 70 cents a minute, and similar numerical changes in the remainder of the test problems, led to a wider variety of accuracy in responses. The researchers concluded that the LLMs are not performing formal reasoning and hypothesised that instead they are making best efforts to match patterns within the set of supplied training problems.","type":"text"},{"_id":"C3JARKNCGNDVXIMEIZYEPEDRQE","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506240},"content":"Even more intriguingly, dropping or adding additional clauses had a significant impact on the performance of the LLMs. For example, removing the clause specifying a call price reduction after 10 minutes in the test problem above, or adding a new clause giving a 5 per cent discount for calls costing more than $10, frequently caused a variation in the accuracy of the results.","type":"text"},{"_id":"XMMC5JGHV5FKJEVS4B35MZ7D5U","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506241},"content":"The researchers noted that as the difficulty of the test problems increased by adding more clauses, then the performance of the LLMs deteriorated rapidly with the increase in problem complexity. They postulated that searching and pattern matching becomes significantly harder for the LLMs as the problem difficulties increase, reinforcing their suggestion that authentic mathematical reasoning is not actually occurring.","type":"text"},{"_id":"GA67QU4I2VAARMDCFYZGGWIV3E","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506242},"content":"In addition to changing the specified values and complexity of problems, the researchers then tried adding apparently relevant, but in practice completely inconsequential, clauses. For example, the phone call problem above might add an unimportant clause observing that phone call prices were actually 10 per cent cheaper last year, but the problem is nevertheless about how much Joe’s phone call costs him now today. However, frequently the LLMs would nevertheless apply the discount rate. In these scenarios, the researchers observed catastrophic performance declines across all of the LLMs tested, which they attributed potentially to an over-reliance by the LLMs on the particular set of training problems.","type":"text"},{"_id":"W3TUAYYB75C2PIXL36VY47BJWU","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506243},"content":"The researchers concluded: “Ultimately, our work underscores significant limitations in the ability of LLMs to perform genuine mathematical reasoning. The high variance in LLM performance on different versions of the same question, their substantial drop in performance with a minor increase in difficulty, and their sensitivity to inconsequential information indicate that their reasoning is fragile. It may resemble sophisticated pattern matching more than true logical reasoning.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"AL7DQ3SP2JGGRNUGBE2XDEG6HI","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506244},"content":"The text responses from ChatGPT and other LLMs attracted the attention of both the public and investors when they gave an impression that they genuinely understand the world. In practice, it seems they have reached such a size where they absorb more information from their training data than individual humans might typically know or recall, and conjugate this data in various combinations. With sufficient input data and training, requiring considerable investment and energy, a LLM can give an illusion of intelligence but in fact is inherently limited in high-level reasoning, and has no sapient conceptual model.","type":"text"},{"_id":"Z4JELXP6RFFVVC4AJKXYHKOA6I","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506245},"content":"One of todays most influential giants in computing is Linus Torvalds, the creator of the very widely used Linux operating system. He <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4wlrxFf2lM&t=2270s\" target=\"_blank\">recently stated</a> that while he found AI really interesting he nevertheless was going to basically ignore it for now. He observed that the whole tech industry around AI is 90 per cent marketing and 10 per cent reality, and “in five years time things will change and at that point we’ll see what AI is getting used every day for real workloads”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"BMQTCKAQUVC67B5TUZCQQZYEUE","additional_properties":{"_id":1731265506246},"content":"I agree with him. The current generation of LLMs have some utility in text analysis and searching, and can also produce great images and videos, but their true business impact has yet to be proven.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HITRL72YC5GGXB6SFASUGJBL5Y","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"premium"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Chris Horn"}},"name":"Chris Horn"}]},"description":{"basic":"AI large language models can give an illusion of intelligence but in fact it is inherently limited in high-level reasoning"},"display_date":"2024-11-14T06:00:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Chris Horn: AI is 90% marketing, 10% reality, and its true business impact has yet to be proven","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"5469"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"MKXDKAECMRH63DPF2YNKR7NBGI","auth":{"1":"9e53e492baf7f7644b075364ef3a7d2dc85061ad572d70ddd872babf06b9c002"},"focal_point":{"x":665,"y":414},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/MKXDKAECMRH63DPF2YNKR7NBGI.jpg"}},"subtype":"columnist","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Innovation"},{"name":"Business"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/business/innovation/2024/11/14/chris-horn-ai-is-90-per-cent-marketing-10-per-cent-reality-and-its-true-business-impact-has-yet-to-be-proven/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/business/innovation","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Innovation"}}}},{"_id":"ZTFDII62R5FBVI5Y3KR3MU7ORI","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":246,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/5469/podcasts/1b74f046-38fe-4d7f-8409-4fd8869a09e5/versions/1731274308/media/2146337bccfebe95ee4b782f65ee3f8e_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/business/2024/11/14/irish-former-primary-school-teacher-develops-facial-shield-to-protect-against-skin-cancers/","content_elements":[{"_id":"GCF6OTG7Y5CBHOVH52KRNYCBHE","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857234},"content":"At one time skin <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/cancer/\" target=\"_blank\">cancer</a> was associated with ageing. Not any more. It affects all age groups and all skin types, as Linda Chanders discovered when she was diagnosed with malignant melanoma in 2021. As part of her treatment Chanders had to apply a topical chemotherapy cream, which she describes as like, “putting a hot iron on your face every day”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"6BZ5LWQ7AVBRZE25S67DXY3ATU","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857235},"content":"It was this experience that led her to develop the SUNiRE Landen face shield, which has a UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) of 50 and is designed to protect not only those recovering from skin cancer, but anyone who works outdoors and those who participate in outdoor sports.","type":"text"},{"_id":"DVO3NYLGLFBWZGWQF7YG44PMYE","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857236},"content":"The shield, which is made in Ireland, looks like a cross between a close fitting beanie and a head band. It comes in a variety of colours and costs €43. It allows the skin to breathe and the specialist fabric (sourced from the Netherlands) continues to protect when wet, and is quick drying.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QCOLLJWOENGWDOBGLLSORBWENQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857237},"content":"“The Landen covers the temple area, side neck and ears. It can also be worn turned to cover the nose, mouth and cheek area if required,” Chanders says. “For anybody using full-face Efudix (topical cancer treatment) it can be layered for full cover, with the top of the head important for men in particular. Separately, runners can use the shield on the top part of their head and forehead (to stop eye irritation from sunscreen when they perspire) and the product is also suitable for hikers, golfers and those involved in water sports.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"UPQH4RQYZFFR3IRRZ4TR3UQYKI","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857238},"content":"Chanders had a career in banking before taking time out to rear a family. She also began studying for a degree in education and subsequently worked as a primary schoolteacher. In 2023, she went to Trinity College to do a post graduate qualification in Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship and it was around this time that she discovered she needed further treatment for skin cancer. She threw her energy into adding to the research database on the disease and the abstract of her work was published in the Irish Medical Journal.","type":"text"},{"_id":"SPC77DBNXZCSNB5QZUPJDUP6EQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857239},"content":"“I also began looking at the needs of skin cancer patients, the extent of the disease and preventive measures for generations to come,” Chanders says. “In Ireland, more people are diagnosed with skin cancer than lung, prostate and breast cancers combined. Just over 13,000 new cases are diagnosed here each year, and this is expected to double by 2040. The UK is estimated to reach 400,000 cases by 2025 and the Netherlands 232,000 cases by 2032. Skin cancer affects over three million people globally.” ","type":"text"},{"_id":"5MTQ64CAONFKNGGQSZ7ATPLOYA","additional_properties":{},"content":"Chanders says that up to 90 per cent of cases can be prevented with better public education and more awareness of the UV index.","type":"text"},{"_id":"3GVMA3LK3FAV5BDCEQMTYMVFVU","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857240},"content":"“What we do when we are younger affects us in later life,” she says. “A blistering burn as a child will double the chances of being diagnosed with melanoma. Sunbeds increase the possibility by 20 per cent and using sunbeds before the age of 35 years increases the risk by almost 60 per cent. ","type":"text"},{"_id":"DOEIWRYHRFCSTHQAHCE6VS7XXY","additional_properties":{"_id":"3QGVS4ASGZFY7LOCPXCTTIFW3I"},"content":"Seamus Cotter had few lung cancer symptoms. ‘The diagnosis was a bit of a surprise’","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"BHLJVGWMCZAPBKVPZODW7E6EJE","additional_properties":{},"content":"“Melanoma can grow quickly and can become life threatening within six weeks if left untreated as it may spread to other parts of the body.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"O5Q6KRWBDFE6LDKGBLQ7VJJPKA","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857241},"content":"Chanders set up SUNiRE in July and the Landers face shield will be launched on the company’s ecommerce site this month.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TIJKY5EVDBH33BKAO2IN37YADA","additional_properties":{"_id":1731267857242},"content":"Chanders is a recent participant in the New Frontiers start-up programme at the Synergy Centre at TU Tallaght, and innovation vouchers from the local enterprise office in Naas allowed her to tap into the expertise of academics at <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/maynooth-university/\" target=\"_blank\">Maynooth University</a> (who have connections with the Mayo Clinic) to refine the product. Hard cash investment in the company to date is roughly €40,000. ","type":"text"},{"_id":"TST65GJ2HBDBPFLHNQUWAWQKXQ","additional_properties":{},"content":"Chanders intends expanding her business with a protection product for infants and a remedy for post-surgery scars.","type":"text"},{"_id":"R7P75IMSEFEK3ECM642SOQECJY","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"metered"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Olive Keogh"}},"name":"Olive Keogh"}]},"description":{"basic":"Linda Chanders was diagnosed in 2021 with a malignant melanoma, leading her to develop the SUNiRE Landen face shield, which protects those recovering from skin cancer and anyone who works or plays sport outdoors"},"display_date":"2024-11-14T06:00:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Irish former primary school teacher develops facial shield to protect against skin cancers ","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"5469"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"3BNN3ZBVNRFIHCC43GHXRM6MGY","auth":{"1":"9e648f6f7fa5f49e7e99671ab77262d53d5318d65be749adafeaf80b4fee5c44"},"focal_point":{"x":3178,"y":1799},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/3BNN3ZBVNRFIHCC43GHXRM6MGY.jpg"}},"subtype":"feature","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Business"},{"name":"Technology"},{"name":"Innovation"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/business/2024/11/14/irish-former-primary-school-teacher-develops-facial-shield-to-protect-against-skin-cancers/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/business","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Business"}}}}],"count":1761,"_id":"26758a1ed89d00cb6ab7fb13bdf3168ebc3136783011e1867655c35628b521d8"},"expires":1732952907976,"lastModified":1732952607850}},"most-popular":{"{\"feedOffset\":0,\"feedSize\":5,\"section\":0,\"size\":5}":{"data":{"content_elements":[{"_id":"LLJDLUQCK5B7FCO6KKIZIKGWVE","canonical_url":"/politics/2024/11/29/election-2024-exit-poll-photo-finish-with-sinn-fein-on-211-fine-gael-21-fianna-fail-195/","display_date":"2024-11-29T22:00:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Election 2024 exit poll: Sinn Féin, Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil on course for photo finish ","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"},"basic":{"display":true,"text":"Election 2024","url":"/election2024/"},"breaking_news":{"text":"on"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"T5HAJLXTDRHPNC25KW4GG2HCAI","auth":{"1":"2c1a2169fc2f6fdb28fd59afbb5ab8bbc96bd8517c01248ce0727713afd25f12"},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/T5HAJLXTDRHPNC25KW4GG2HCAI.jpg"},"overline_logo":{"_id":"QSWFXEVMGBHWPCSR4TJ3B6FKJQ","auth":{"1":"146656f9244eb8ce84d36fd4e3c519672cca8c4da72f47512b76196f1b454a7f"},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/QSWFXEVMGBHWPCSR4TJ3B6FKJQ.png"}},"taxonomy":{},"website_url":"/politics/2024/11/29/election-2024-exit-poll-photo-finish-with-sinn-fein-on-211-fine-gael-21-fianna-fail-195/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/politics","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Politics"}}}},{"_id":"XRRD5YWUF5F2PKK7FYZCURMVEM","canonical_url":"/politics/2024/11/29/election-2024-live-updates-voting-begins-at-polling-stations-around-the-country/","display_date":"2024-11-30T00:03:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Election 2024: Analysis and reaction as exit poll shows tight race, but what do these results mean?","native":""},"label":{"basic":{"display":true,"text":"Ireland votes - 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That’s his responsibility alone","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"6PLJY4PCXIRAP3EKSITV7XQ5MI","auth":{"1":"80ac2a2c46fcfdaf4e5ed2f8a30d98c5f51eee24332b6b85283c96819f57cbda"},"focal_point":{"x":1460,"y":670},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/6PLJY4PCXIRAP3EKSITV7XQ5MI.jpg"}},"taxonomy":{},"website_url":"/life-style/people/2024/11/29/brianna-parkins-dee-devlin-is-not-conor-mcgregors-moral-keeper-thats-his-responsibility-alone/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/life-style/people","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"People"}}}},{"_id":"QLK66NJI45ARPGE2IB5W5DGUBY","canonical_url":"/politics/2024/11/28/general-election-2024-how-the-irish-times-will-cover-the-results-and-key-times-to-watch-out-for/","display_date":"2024-11-30T01:01:01.135Z","headlines":{"basic":"General election 2024: How The Irish Times will cover the results and key times to watch out for 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Elsom faces a rocky post-playing future in wake of French forgery sentence","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"YUKSV7MHJQ6JYME5QVOWELNROU","auth":{"1":"998092f9342d2a83e1e2df7f5422822016a9ed7a927bdb096b2b53716b732dc1"},"focal_point":{"x":677,"y":227},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/YUKSV7MHJQ6JYME5QVOWELNROU.jpg"}},"website_url":"/sport/rugby/2024/10/14/former-leinster-rugby-star-elsom-faces-a-rocky-post-playing-future-in-wake-of-french-forgery-sentence/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/sport/rugby","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Rugby"}}}},{"_id":"5PFI6IW645BLZM4V6P2VAWY6WE","canonical_url":"/world/europe/2024/10/23/im-a-woman-whos-totally-destroyed-french-mass-rape-victim-gisele-pelicot-gives-evidence-in-court/","display_date":"2024-10-23T19:42:02.59Z","headlines":{"basic":"‘I’m a woman who’s totally destroyed’: French mass rape victim Gisèle Pelicot 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href=\"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11564748/\" target=\"_blank\">a peer-reviewed paper</a> examining whether ordinary readers could distinguish between <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/poetry/\" target=\"_blank\">poetry</a> produced by <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/artificial-intelligence/\" target=\"_blank\">generative AI</a> and poetry written by canonical figures such as Chaucer, Byron, <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/william-shakespeare/\" target=\"_blank\">Shakespeare</a>, Whitman, Dickinson, Eliot and <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/sylvia-plath/\" target=\"_blank\">Plath</a>. The study found that not only were the participants more likely to judge the <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/chatgpt/\" target=\"_blank\">ChatGPT</a> “poems” to be the work of human poets, but that they were significantly more likely to prefer them. They were asked to assess the poems in terms of whether they found them moving, profound, witty, lyrical, inspiring, beautiful, meaningful and original.","type":"text"},{"_id":"YGKY4E6IP5DDFCUYBZADEM6PCU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023445},"content":"To give you a sense of what the participants were presented with, here are some lines of verse, attributed to Sylvia Plath, that they were asked to assess:","type":"text"},{"_id":"4DSUVQBFV5CNNF4A726T2RYEZA","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023446},"content":"My thoughts are spinning wildly,/A cyclone in my brain./I try to grasp at something solid,/But all is lost in vain.","type":"text"},{"_id":"6NTBDZ56WRHUJMVBBPL3EIDM3Q","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023450},"content":"The voices in my head,/They never cease to scream./And though I try to shut them out,/They haunt me like a dream.","type":"text"},{"_id":"PQND233MJVHGTOA7AHHV4AKW2Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023454},"content":"This, you will surely agree, barely passes as light verse, let alone the work of one of the central literary figures of the 20th century. (If you told me these lines were taken from the lyrics to the teen angst anthem Last Resort by nu-metal also-rans Papa Roach, I’d have no reason to disbelieve you. But Plath? Come on.) But as far as ChatGPT’s capacity to replicate the work of a great poet is concerned, this is about as good as it gets; and it was, furthermore, good enough for the majority of the study’s participants who preferred it to the actual Plath poetry they were also presented with.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QA5IGUEHPRE3VKS5QSWSGBKRCQ","additional_properties":{"_id":"RMYED6DIWBHQHHCZHF3AQGC57Y"},"content":"We asked ChatGPT to write like Marian Keyes, John Boyne and Paul Howard. Now they rate the results","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"YQDGBD2PH5FE5NHPPCHC6AEBQU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023455},"content":"I’m not sure how surprising any of this should be, really, given that the study’s participants were drawn from “non-expert readers” among the general public. Most people are not especially interested in reading poetry, and don’t especially like it when they do – a fact of which poets, of all people, are of course acutely aware. (It’s difficult, here, not to think of the famous opening of Marianne Moore’s poem “Poetry”: “I, too, dislike it: there are things that are important beyond all this fiddle”.)","type":"text"},{"_id":"752BHPN4HVHSJIRV6P3I65NUXQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023456},"content":"When ChatGPT first started to become a thing, I, like a lot of writers, took an uneasy interest in how capable it might be of replicating various sorts of writing. I tried to get it to write me a poem in the style of Eliot’s The Waste Land, but no matter how much I tipped its robotic hand with more and more specific prompts – <i>darker, please; more inscrutable patrician contempt for modernity, please; less grindingly simplistic rhyme-scheme please </i>– it seemed incapable of “conceiving” of poetry as anything other than a laboriously literal working out of themes in singsong couplets. There was no danger of high modernism.","type":"text"},{"_id":"MPFLJF32TBGNFINLZUUAJRBRCE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023457},"content":"But when I asked it to write me an upbeat poem about how pints of stout were a balm to the soul of the beleaguered working man, it produced a surprisingly faithful rendition of Workman’s Friend – that inspired and indelible bit of doggerel from Flann O’Brien’s, At Swim-Two-Birds. (“When health is bad and your heart feels strange,/And your face is pale and wan,/When doctors say that you need a change/A PINT OF PLAIN IS YOUR ONLY MAN.” – etc, etc.)","type":"text"},{"_id":"INZGOB7JO5DYNJ756IEVZDEQQI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732893936727},"content":"O’Brien’s poem, attributed in the book to one Jem Casey, is of course a ruthless piss-take of a particular kind of bad popular Irish verse. It’s pure kitsch, which is why ChatGPT was just about capable of pulling off something in a similar vein, though obviously devoid of any sort of subversive humour.","type":"text"},{"_id":"H5CTKVTJ4FHYNC3BJNN4NZNFNY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023458},"content":"Generative AI, as I’ve written in these pages before, is primarily useful for the automated production of kitsch. For much of last year, the Writers Guild of America, which represents US film and television writers, was involved in a strike, a major aspect of which had to do with the writers’ insistence on guidelines around the use of AI to replace their work. At the time, a certain sort of critic of the strikes – broadly libertarian, tech-maximalist, and gullibly boosterish about any and all forms of AI – could frequently be seen online gleefully posting about the prospect of television and film writers being replaced by generative AI.","type":"text"},{"_id":"IXMKYJB2WVCLRANFC3KS7CM5RQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023459},"content":"Something that struck me at the time was that one result of the last decade or so of mass media – when we have been on the business end of an increasingly powerful bilge-pump of streaming content and superhero franchises – may be that of preparing the ground for AI-generated “culture.” A lot of the people gleefully anticipating striking writers getting replaced by AI were, I suspect, already mostly consuming the kind of content, and engaging with it on a crude enough level, such that AI would do a tolerable job of keeping them happily supplied.","type":"text"},{"_id":"EFOLR3WOAZHBHD42JEAE2JK4CU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732893936730},"content":"They were, in other words, not wrong in claiming that their buckets of processed slop did not need to be prepared by a chef. It was a dark thought, but one that has stayed with me, and that occurs to me anew whenever I turn on the television and click around on Amazon Prime or Netflix in a state of restless boredom.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HV43LIM7GVCABDHQMYZV7MKDTY","additional_properties":{"_id":"GRHL4Y2NYRBWZAI3D2KVAPWH44"},"content":"Are you being played by Netflix? Why tech giants do not want us to be nostalgic","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"LSCRUY2GJVFUTNCQ35HQC6T4B4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023460},"content":"Earlier this week The Bookseller, the trade magazine of British publishing, reported on a new so-called “online book publishing platform” called Spines, whose founders claim it will “disrupt” the publishing industry using generative AI. The company charges would-be authors between $1,200 and $5,000 to have their books edited, proofread, designed and distributed using AI. Spines claims that it will publish 8,000 books in the coming year. To give you a sense of scale here, the entire Penguin Random House (PRH) group publishes about 15,000 books a year. PRH has about 10,000 employees spread across multiple continents; Spines is a vanity publisher run by a handful of people working out of an office above a Starbucks in Boynton Beach, Florida.","type":"text"},{"_id":"5IQ4MJVVKFHEDDNEYRGVBCMXQ4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023461},"content":"A person who thinks a book can be “edited” by a piece of software is a person who simply doesn’t know what editing is. And this, of course, is how much of the tech world operates: pointlessly “disrupting” industries it knows nothing about, in the hope of breaking them down and selling off the spare parts at a profit.","type":"text"},{"_id":"BQ5TTF2VYBFORCIDEXARSUUN4I","additional_properties":{"_id":1732797023462},"content":"The question, as always with such generative AI products, is who is any of this for? The AI poems with no aesthetic worth or meaning; the thousands of vanity-published books edited by some variant of ChatGPT, and likely produced by it too; the endless AI-generated musical slop clogging up streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music: who wants or needs or cares about any of this stuff? No one, it seems; and yet here we are, up to our necks in a rising tide of slop. “I try to grasp at something solid,” as Sylvia Plath did not, to her credit, put it, “but all is lost in vain.”","type":"text"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"premium"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Mark O'Connell"}},"name":"Mark O'Connell"}]},"description":{"basic":"A person who thinks a book can be ‘edited’ by a piece of software is a person who simply doesn’t know what editing is"},"display_date":"2024-11-30T07:10:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"We are up to our necks in a rising tide of AI-generated slop","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"ZIFLMHA2FEIFOEEJZPXK3H44KQ","auth":{"1":"240f845bf4732c266d4072306d6a2fd13be45370d32417ba6e136e0ebdeabd86"},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/ZIFLMHA2FEIFOEEJZPXK3H44KQ.jpg"}},"subtype":"columnist","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Opinion"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/opinion/2024/11/30/we-are-up-to-our-necks-in-a-rising-tide-of-ai-generated-slop/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Opinion"}}}},{"_id":"ISE4QKXLQ5HCDIIP6M5OATKVAQ","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":373,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/8948/podcasts/956fea96-fd17-4c90-ba78-5fccd4bff8aa/versions/1732883999/media/685c5f9adef4b69511ec0d708b7fb4d9_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/opinion/2024/11/30/jennifer-oconnell-look-out-ladies-elon-musk-has-plans-for-your-womb/","content_elements":[{"_id":"TTXD3TZ7OBHGNHRRHXKRK5DNTY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398474},"content":"It’s hard to imagine anything less likely to encourage you to rip off your clothes and start procreating than having <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/elon-musk/\" target=\"_blank\">Elon Musk</a> held up as a paragon of fecundity. No reflection on the charms of his numerous offspring, little X Æ A-Xii, Techno Mechanicus, Exa Dark Sideræl (who is just two, but has already changed her name to the deep, existential cry of “Y, Why, or ?”), and their nine siblings, but there is something deeply, for want of a better word, prophylactic about the kind of man who goes on a solo run to reverse the downward trajectory in global fertility rates. Musk has characterised the decline in women having children as “one of the biggest risks to civilisation”. In October, he <a href=\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1841635259382710619\" target=\"_blank\">posted on X</a>: “Birth rates that low will lead to mass extinction of entire nations!” Not on his watch, ladies.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QCHLFVAXONHRZODODG6Q537PMQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398475},"content":"Similar concerns about fertility rates have been expressed by another big risk to civilisation. <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/donald-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">Donald Trump</a>, himself a father of five children by three wives, recently promised to fund access to IVF in the US because “we want more babies, to put it nicely”. His future vice-president <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/jd-vance/\" target=\"_blank\">JD Vance</a> has a well-publicised aversion to “childless cat ladies” and says societies with low birth rates are “pretty icky and pretty gross”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"63ACBY3LZRA4BIKRAMOZOGWIFE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398476},"content":"As a rule, men who are in favour of women giving birth, but very much not in favour of women generally, ought to make us suspicious. When they say “we want more babies, to put it nicely” what they tend to mean is “we like our women barefoot and pregnant, and our children numerous enough to be able to pay for us in our old age”. Perhaps that’s unfair. They do like children – maybe not as individuals with their own rights, identity and destiny, but as symbols of their masculinity, like a pair of bespoke Gucci crocodile skin loafers. Remember Trump boasting about how he would like to date Ivanka? That was the biggest compliment he could pay himself.","type":"text"},{"_id":"IRBAWGJZYZH27LALGVELVZKX2Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398477},"content":"As global fertility rates continue to fall – and the decline is precipitous in Ireland, with <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2024/05/24/irish-birth-and-fertility-rates-continue-to-decline-cso-figures-show/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20CSO%2C%20there,2013%20to%201.5%20in%202023.\" target=\"_blank\">the average age of first-time mothers climbing to 31.6</a>, and the average number of children per woman now 1.85, down from 4.06 30 years ago – the gaping maws of the culture wars have locked on to the issue of motherhood. Women who have long been banging the drum for better access to fertility treatment and more financial supports for <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/parenting/\" target=\"_blank\">parents</a> have been bewildered to find themselves on the same side as the pronatalist movement of conservative politicians and Silicon Valley tech bros. “Parents and parents-to-be need to have long-term stability and a reliable financial situation.” Who said that? Was it Holly Cairns? Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez? Sheila Heti? Nope, it was Hungary’s <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/viktor-orban/\" target=\"_blank\">Viktor Orban</a>.","type":"text"},{"_id":"MYEPHM7KSZE5PKYXG64DLPFVCQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398478},"content":"With birth rates in Europe below the replacement level of 2.1, and surveys suggesting that young Europeans would like to have more children, the populist right has a renewed interest in family planning. In October last year, Orban – who is deeply concerned about what he charmingly calls “civilisational suicide” – hosted a two-day summit of pronatalists including conservative Canadian psychologist <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/jordan-peterson/\" target=\"_blank\">Jordan Peterson</a> and Italy’s <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/giorgia-meloni/\" target=\"_blank\">Giorgia Meloni</a>, on how to persuade Europeans to have more children.","type":"text"},{"_id":"Y4V34VBPXRDBRMCKWRRWHWRGBQ","additional_properties":{"_id":"YYSVMWVMBRHLNKIFRDVLX7AIDQ"},"content":"Ireland’s demographic time bomb: too many retirees and too few babies","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"MYIQQMAKQ5D6LL4KPVCKLK6VOI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398479},"content":"“Cash” is usually the conclusion arrived at by these high-level think-ins. At the milder end of pronatalist measures is <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/emmanuel-macron/\" target=\"_blank\">Emmanuel Macron</a>’s programme of “demographic rearmament” or Fine Gael’s baby bonus of €1,000 for every newborn. At the more extreme is<a href=\"https://helsinki.mfa.gov.hu/assets/59/19/40/51495279420a1817043db761a69f20d1dd4e58ce.pdf\"> Orban’s offer of a loan of €31,250</a> to every married couple, with the total debt written off entirely after the third child, and a lifetime exemption on income tax for women who have four or more children or who <a href=\"https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/culture_society/hungarian-family-policy_children_marriage_maria-kopp-institute_family-friendly-government_fertility/\" target=\"_blank\">start having children before the age of 30</a>.","type":"text"},{"_id":"F5QBO4ND4BBKHELPL6GEST76WQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398480},"content":"The pronatalist movement is associated with creepy visions of a society of tradwives, but does that matter if the net result is better supports for families? The problem is that throwing piles of money at young families does little to address the real reasons couples are opting out of parenthood. Financial incentives have “no or only modestly positive effects on fertility”, as <a href=\"https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/918d8db3-en/1/3/1/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">an OECD report</a> last summer puts it.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HQPF5MCWM5DAZJUS6LMOPT6EZY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398481},"content":"Those reasons are complex. They include changing gender roles; women’s desire or need to work; and a more intense approach to parenting that leaves little room, financial or otherwise, for anything else. “In the absence of work-life balance options, increased female labour participation leads to declining fertility rates,” the report states. Meanwhile, the more men are involved in the demanding, day-to-day grind of parenting, the fewer children couples are likely to have.","type":"text"},{"_id":"AD4QNTG5ARC7NJDSJKELGWFMEQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398482},"content":"We didn’t need the OECD to spell any of this out. In an ideal world, making the decision that you’re ready to have a child could involve some or all of the following: being in a relationship; having somewhere to live; earning enough to meet your expenses; being set up in a career; having access to childcare; having a general sense of the world as the kind of place you are comfortable bringing a child into. And wanting to be a parent. These days, many people will never tick all those boxes.","type":"text"},{"_id":"ICXOYMQXSZASZKNNYUB6FWEJHA","additional_properties":{"_id":"52Y3DAU4SBHRHMYASRK7RJLKGY"},"content":"Martin Wolf: Falling fertility rates are one of the biggest challenges facing our world","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"FUBGL3OP3REETPT6FVG4E7PW54","additional_properties":{"_id":1732876398483},"content":"Arguably, women and men who decide not to have children are making an entirely rational choice in a society that is not set up to support them; one that continues to be structured as though for every child, there’s one parent at home full-time – without putting any of the supports in place to make that possible. A €1,000 or a €30,000 baby bonus won’t address the climate crisis or buy you a house. It won’t even arrange to pick your child up at 2.10pm when your working day doesn’t finish until 5.30pm. And until those things are no longer an issue, fertility rates will continue to fall. No amount of bribes or Musk fretting about mass extinction is going to make a difference.","type":"text"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"premium"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Jennifer O'Connell"}},"name":"Jennifer O'Connell"}]},"description":{"basic":"The pronatalist movement has roots in creepy tradwife visions, but does that matter if it leads to financial supports for families?"},"display_date":"2024-11-30T07:10:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Look out ladies. Elon Musk has plans for your womb","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"GDDVRKAAAM4GFWF4AJ7GSFIBBM","auth":{"1":"117d82d5220f3bc696c6fe7e06d22fdd0fec3744a1fe781a6a3a3e6c23b4436f"},"focal_point":{"x":4459,"y":1356},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/GDDVRKAAAM4GFWF4AJ7GSFIBBM.jpg"}},"subtype":"columnist","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Opinion"},{"name":"Health"},{"name":"Your Family"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/opinion/2024/11/30/jennifer-oconnell-look-out-ladies-elon-musk-has-plans-for-your-womb/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Opinion"}}}},{"_id":"EBXY6OJ3KZBOLH2WJSOGMRLSVM","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":384,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/8948/podcasts/5dbcdf56-4118-44b4-87aa-2a8ea55183d7/versions/1732875504/media/ce80c2b7c90225b919636dcdbecb5583_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/opinion/2024/11/30/ed-sheeran-and-mary-robinson-are-right-its-time-to-bin-band-aid/","content_elements":[{"_id":"V4XA6MIKRNAQ5ILJGF77TYB6RA","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319320},"content":"<a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/ed-sheeran/\" target=\"_blank\">Ed Sheeran</a> hasn’t cancelled Christmas, but he’s done the next best – or worst – thing by criticising one of the most iconic seasonal songs of the past four decades. In advance of the release of a new mix of Band Aid’s Do They Know It’s Christmas?, the singer has distanced himself from the recording, which juxtaposes his voice with those of <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/bono/\" target=\"_blank\">Bono</a>, Duran Duran, George Michael, Sting and Harry Styles (all of whom pitched in on various versions of the tune over the years). This has reopened a debate around Band Aid and the ethics of charity singles in 2024 – and the question of where good intentions end and a white-saviour complex begins.","type":"text"},{"_id":"UYAC7OTSERBVRIABRY6VCBPZPI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319321},"content":"Sheeran contributed to a 2014 re-release of Band Aid, but has since had a change of heart and said that he had not been asked if he wanted his vocal to be used on the new Band Aid 40 (he would have declined). In a statement, he said his “understanding of the narrative associated with this has changed”. He also shared a post by his friend, British-Ghanaian rapper Fuse ODG, who stated that Band Aid was part of “a campaign that dehumanises Africans and destroys our pride and identity in the name of ‘charity’” with lyrics that reinforce a “white-saviour complex”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"XOP26LYU2JHAXJQR2I7NQXAVJI","additional_properties":{"_id":"ZNJAFCATMBGQ3JLY5VZQBGHO5I"},"content":"Bob Geldof defends Band Aid as 40th anniversary single released: ‘This little pop song has kept millions alive’","type":"interstitial_link"},{"_id":"T4KLEK5VY5EQVAGHIY34GHQU7I","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319322},"content":"Such critiques aren’t new – <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/mary-robinson/\" target=\"_blank\">Mary Robinson</a> and <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/morrissey/\" target=\"_blank\">Morrissey</a> (the strangest of strange bedfellows) are among those who have expressed their disquiet about Band Aid.","type":"text"},{"_id":"WNEYEOVU6BE7ZENSTIM2KQG63E","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319323},"content":"The “white saviour” tag will have stung Sheeran, who was accused in 2017 of participating in “poverty porn” when he visited a village in Liberia for the Children in Need charity – an undertaking British Labour politician David Lammy described as “offensive and stereotypical”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"GOMDC6QWTRF33EUQOIXKY2E2GE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319324},"content":"<a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/bob-geldof/\" target=\"_blank\">Bob Geldof</a>, the Boomtown Rats frontman who wrangled the world’s pop stars into recording the original Do They Know It’s Christmas?, rejected Sheeran’s complaints, insisting Band Aid has “saved lives”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"IZ4JJ7SOSRA3LALOME7CCYWR6Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319325},"content":"“This little pop song has kept millions of people alive,” he said – explaining the charity contributes to education and healthcare in Africa. “Why would Band Aid scrap feeding thousands of children dependent on us for a meal? Why not keep doing that? Because of an abstract wealthy-world argument, regardless of its legitimacy?”","type":"text"},{"_id":"UYTUP4X7WBCE5LAU43YUOLOPHQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319326},"content":"Do They Know It’s Christmas? has long evoked strong feelings – both positive and negative. Unlike its American successor, We Are The World, the ditty by Geldof and Midge Ure was always a bit cheesy and toe-curling. Just ask <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/bono/\" target=\"_blank\">Bono</a>, who achieved a personal career low with Band Aid when he yodelled: “Well, tonight thank God it’s them instead of youuuuu……” (a cringe-inducing lyric changed in later versions).","type":"text"},{"_id":"B6LNQ65WV5AJJP4SPBGZ4AKUUI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319327},"content":"In 2021, on a Late Late Show special celebrating Geldof’s life and times, Robinson, the former president and UN high commissioner for human rights, said that Do They Know It’s Christmas?, while accomplishing much that was positive, was a relic from a bygone era. She said the song was “patronising”, adding that our attitudes towards the Global South have “changed” since 1984. As with Sheeran’s intervention, Geldof wasn’t having it. “I don’t agree with you,” he told Robinson. “If I see someone hurt at the side of the road, [I don’t] just move on.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"2REBAHQBFJBYZPNJ427UQWGZDU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319329},"content":"The world is complicated, and it is possible for many things to be true at the same time. In the case of Band Aid, we can accept the charity has saved lives – it has raised €170 million since 1984 – but also contributed to stereotyping people across the vast and diverse continent of Africa as lacking agency and requiring western pop stars to swoop in and save them.","type":"text"},{"_id":"52PIZHAKZJAOVAALORKFS4SKIQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319330},"content":"Band Aid revisionism hasn’t dropped from the clear blue winter sky. Even in 1984, when Geldof put together the project after watching distressing footage of famine in Ethiopia on the evening news, the song rubbed many the wrong way. The lyrics were criticised – in particular, the line, “Do they know it’s Christmas?”. Given that about 68 per cent of Ethiopians are Christian, they were very well aware of the birth of Christ.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TD2H27JPGFHSFJPVY7DKBYLYC4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319331},"content":"The song was branded “diabolical” by Smiths iconoclast Morrissey, who had declined to join Sting, Bananarama and others in the studio. “The record itself was absolutely tuneless,” he said, “One can have great concern for the people of Ethiopia, but it’s another thing to inflict daily torture on the people of England ... the most self-righteous platform ever in the history of popular music.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"HYW4YHI24NF4PKUCUPSHN3A2CQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319332},"content":"That attack was echoed by the punk band Chumbawamba, who in 1986 released an album called Pictures of Starving Children Sell Records – with such song titles as How to Get Your Band on Television. Decades later, Damon Albarn of Blur suggested charity singles could cause more harm than good. “It starts to feel like it’s a process where if you give money you solve the problem, and really sometimes giving money creates another problem.”","type":"text"},{"_id":"ROLG6XTUT5DK3HEPR7C625FTEM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732803319333},"content":"Still, the original remains a slice of peerless pop nostalgia. Where else would you find Boy George rubbing shoulders with Paul Young? Sting and Paul Weller crooning together? Bono hanging with Bananarama? It’s a wonderful 1980s time capsule. But it was also very much of its era. Forty years ago, condescending attitudes towards the developing world were ubiquitous. In the 21st century, we should have a more nuanced take on the causes of global poverty. Robinson is right – listened to today, the lyrics are patronising. Geldof should be credited for his immense work on behalf of the less fortunate – but maybe it’s time to rip off the sticking plaster and accept that, as a beacon for Christmas charity, Band Aid has outlived its usefulness.","type":"text"},{"_id":"3TXQBAJRLVAPPKEIWTTEG5AHRE","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"metered"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Ed Power"}},"name":"Ed Power"}]},"description":{"basic":"Band Aid revisionism hasn’t dropped from the clear blue winter sky. It’s been there since the start"},"display_date":"2024-11-30T07:07:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Ed Sheeran and Mary Robinson are right. It’s time to bin Band Aid","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"YZWSO45QORCJPIOIXVKGOWA5ME","auth":{"1":"0c1c34392c7a09a8ef470df1a8a8d0a9ce4b8eb19dd183eb62229df0b372ab89"},"focal_point":{"x":1671,"y":1338},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/YZWSO45QORCJPIOIXVKGOWA5ME.jpg"}},"subtype":"opinion","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Opinion"},{"name":"Culture"},{"name":"Music"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/opinion/2024/11/30/ed-sheeran-and-mary-robinson-are-right-its-time-to-bin-band-aid/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/opinion","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Opinion"}}}},{"_id":"KWPAPPNEQ5B7ZNQJCC6NIMTA7I","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":302,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/8948/podcasts/8c6301bf-f85a-4b33-8bfd-641c70c2605c/versions/1732788844/media/eb106135d39405c2da00fa01dff86fa4_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/business/2024/11/30/welcome-to-trump-20-mutually-assured-economic-destruction/","content_elements":[{"_id":"L6BPI6AQIVC63D4ZRJRO4KQGBY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125492},"content":"Image of the week: Trump’s tariffs","type":"header"},{"_id":"XYA53N52EJDZNLTGW7AKSA33W4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125493},"content":"We’ve reached that strange time of year when 2025 still seems like little more than a theoretical concept, but the calendar is filling up regardless. Yes, it’s time to red-circle Monday, January 20th, as that’s when <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/donald-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">Donald Trump</a> plans to start a global trade war.","type":"text"},{"_id":"7HABOHHTBJGHNIHXEHSHQL4EEY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125494},"content":"Never mind the free trade deal agreed between the US, Mexico and Canada during his first term. Trump’s current tariff-crazy threat is to impose duties of 25 per cent on imports from those two neighbours as well as an additional 10 per cent on Chinese goods by way of an executive order on “day one” of his presidency.","type":"text"},{"_id":"NC7CTQ5NSBF4LMDZELOTZQZIIQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125495},"content":"He’s tied the plan to his desire to reduce illegal immigration and imports of the deadly opioid fentanyl into the US. In effect, this makes his fondness for tariffs less about his dubious belief that they will protect US industry and more about bullying trading partners into doing what he wants on issues unrelated to trade.","type":"text"},{"_id":"773FQVJVNVFIHMLMOLHL7NF4VI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125496},"content":"“No one will win a trade war or a tariff war,” the Chinese embassy in Washington DC said. Echoing the theme of mutually assured economic destruction, Mexican president Claudia Sheinbaum said Mexico would be forced to respond with tit-for-tat tariffs “until we put our common businesses at risk”. And Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau, in the understatement of the month, described his dealings with Trump as “a relationship that we know takes a certain amount of working on”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"R5BFMMC4CBBXDN6HJGLLSW4YEU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125497},"content":"In numbers: Disney sexism","type":"header"},{"_id":"GAYKSINFUNGQRHQA3367675AAI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125498},"content":"<b>9,000</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"Z2O2FZWC7ZEIHNJEEWXR5XK6DM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125499},"content":"Women employed or formerly employed by <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/disney/\" target=\"_blank\">Disney </a>in California who joined a class action alleging pay discrimination. They have now obtained a settlement from the “House of Mouse”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"FAPPAE4NNZD7RJ5UJJLYRD7ALU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125500},"content":"<b>$43 million</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"U6QAN756KNF3BFAXJPXZI76WAA","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125501},"content":"Sum that Disney has agreed to pay to settle the lawsuit, which alleged that female Disney employees in California earned $150 million less than their male counterparts over an eight-year period.","type":"text"},{"_id":"53LP7HEIKNG53NOCPR2RTUOEFI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125502},"content":"<b>6</b>","type":"text"},{"_id":"COHHOELRTFEZ3FHJNEVX2ZW5PQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125503},"content":"The suit was first filed by LaRonda Rasmussen in 2019 after she discovered that six men with the same job title earned substantially more than her, including one with less experience who was taking home $20,000 more. Now that’s taking the mickey.","type":"text"},{"_id":"OORVBQ55C5FHXIK44NK7ZWFH6Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125504},"content":"Getting to know: Susie, Howard and Peter Buffett","type":"header"},{"_id":"M22XANYX25DBPIZOUAJQ3WOL7Y","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125505},"content":"Susie Buffett (71), Howard Buffett (69) and Peter Buffett (66) are the children of multibillionaire investor Warren Buffett (94), a man who would be richer than Elon Musk in 2024 if he hadn’t spent decades giving away so much of his fortune to philanthropic causes. The Berkshire Hathaway chairman, not a believer in dynastic wealth, is still worth a cool $150 billion, however, and is now making plans to distribute 99.5 per cent of his remaining wealth to a charitable trust that will be overseen by his daughter and two sons when he dies. After his death they will have about 10 years to give away the money. But as they’re getting on a bit themselves, three “somewhat younger” potential successor trustees have been lined up on “the wait list”. The three children, who each head foundations, have “spent far more time directly helping others than I have”, Buffett wrote in a letter to Berkshire shareholders, adding that he and their mother, his late first wife Susan, would be “very proud of them”.","type":"text"},{"_id":"H4UZGHT37NBSFDFPXOZSFSQACU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125506},"content":"The list: Profit warnings","type":"header"},{"_id":"KMPR64K34RBTBN4JU5N7XBY2VM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125507},"content":"Sooner or later, economic and geopolitical volatility translates into a steady drip of profit warnings, as executive management teams realise that things are either not quite as rosy as they thought a few months earlier, or even worse than they already admitted. Here are five recent ones to note.","type":"text"},{"_id":"GB6KIERGVFHPXJNHGVPKTD3ZCU","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125508},"content":"1. JD Sports: The sportswear and outdoorwear group saw its stock slump last week after it highlighted mild October weather as one of the reasons for increased trading volatility.","type":"text"},{"_id":"6TSAHTXVDJARDCRHDLUVRGVXKE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125509},"content":"2. Stellantis: The Italian company – the fourth-largest carmaker in the world – slashed its annual forecasts in September and this week said it was closing its Vauxhall plant in Luton, England.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QYOEWDFLXJFQVJGEQMMDMWZKEM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125510},"content":"3. Vistry: The UK housebuilder has issued two profit warnings this autumn after revealing it had understated the total build costs on some projects. It is now poised to leave the FTSE 100.","type":"text"},{"_id":"XLTF2Q6XFFEAJIHXOZEEJ3KMFI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125511},"content":"4. Pets at Home: The Covid boom for getting a new pet is now over, and weak consumer confidence in the UK isn’t helping, according to this week’s warning from pet-care retailer Pets at Home Group.","type":"text"},{"_id":"UNS2CCSW3ZBF3PG5LBXCRD5U7I","additional_properties":{"_id":1732726125512},"content":"5. Aston Martin: The luxury car maker says it needs to raise cash after its second profit warning in two months. Perhaps casting a new James Bond would help?","type":"text"},{"_id":"576PXK7NYNAUPKNYYWJDZZBJSQ","additional_properties":{},"type":"list"}],"content_restrictions":{"content_code":"metered"},"credits":{"by":[{"additional_properties":{"original":{"byline":"Laura Slattery"}},"name":"Laura Slattery"}]},"description":{"basic":"Planet Business: Disney’s pay discrimination settlement, Warren Buffett’s children, and companies issuing profit warnings"},"display_date":"2024-11-30T06:15:00Z","headlines":{"basic":"Welcome to Trump 2.0: mutually assured economic destruction","native":""},"label":{"audio_project_id":{"text":"8948"}},"promo_items":{"basic":{"_id":"Q3DZZNYEBDNWT2OPBGLEMYXPPQ","auth":{"1":"9d75681f2cb6194a2001c8880519266b14065e97c5b00c3b0b967df13be1e641"},"url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/irishtimes/Q3DZZNYEBDNWT2OPBGLEMYXPPQ.jpg"}},"subtype":"analysis","taxonomy":{"sections":[{"name":"Business"},{"name":"World"},{"name":"US"},{"name":"Economy"}]},"type":"story","website_url":"/business/2024/11/30/welcome-to-trump-20-mutually-assured-economic-destruction/","websites":{"irishtimes":{"website_section":{"_id":"/business","additional_properties":{"original":{}},"name":"Business"}}}},{"_id":"SXO27AF5VRA6JKSXYDQ7466ETA","additional_properties":{"audio_duration":269,"audio_url":"https://d22tbkdovk5ea2.cloudfront.net/audio/projects/8948/podcasts/03e9f2c7-a6f1-4ae5-9197-c5788071680d/versions/1732906717/media/c48da5cd48a20934e0b44efda972e34c_compiled.mp3"},"canonical_url":"/politics/2024/11/30/over-50-documented-incidents-of-violence-abuse-and-harassment-during-election-campaign/","content_elements":[{"_id":"7TCI2GIYQ5BAHM75YVH6K7X5TM","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802277},"content":"The <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/general-election\" target=\"_blank\">general election</a> campaign saw dozens of incidents of politically motivated violence, harassment and abuse, anti-extremism researchers found.","type":"text"},{"_id":"RGNHTA3SZNGZFMAYGEBYMLCM64","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802278},"content":"Incidents included assaults on candidates, racist and misogynistic abuse, and vandalism of posters and constituency offices. <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/an-garda-siochana\" target=\"_blank\">Gardaí</a> are investigating multiple incidents and at least one suspect has been charged.","type":"text"},{"_id":"D3U4TM5RQ5BMXEKRIUOFUSWAX4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802279},"content":"The incidents were documented as part of a joint investigation by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue and the Hope and Courage Collective. In total they recorded 55 incidents in the five-week period leading up to Friday’s vote.","type":"text"},{"_id":"Z2W33IWGTNB47BTK6N7LWRKZKQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802280},"content":"This compares with 36 <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2024/06/08/election-campaign-marked-by-unprecedented-levels-of-vitriol-and-abuse/\" target=\"_blank\">incidents documented during the campaign for the local and European elections</a> in May and June which had about three times as many candidates.","type":"text"},{"_id":"RBR5BYULNBBTRF7V54ZTQ3NE6M","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802281},"content":"The research is based on social and news media reports. Researchers warned there may be other incidents which have been missed. The research did not record “general criticism or condemnation expressed against candidates or campaigns online”, the groups said.","type":"text"},{"_id":"HCL7ERJX2ZC5VFBPIZY326WTLY","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802282},"content":"Compared with the local and European election campaign, incidents during the general election campaign were more concentrated online. Ninety per cent of incidents featured social media in some way, “illustrating the central role that online platforms occupy in the hate, harassment and targeting of candidates”, the researchers’ report stated.","type":"text"},{"_id":"2VEXIK24ABH57GIASDO3QTTAR4","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802283},"content":"","type":"text"},{"_id":"SJYZO6Z4BRGE7LJNLAK7AZ2HUA","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802284},"content":"While most abuse was confined to the internet, there were several serious incidents involving alleged real world violence.","type":"text"},{"_id":"BIDQN7JH2JANZFWQDUE656U7GA","additional_properties":{"_id":"UQD6W2YBRVDXZMYHOYIGUEQ4BI"},"type":"image"},{"_id":"CCX3NTBSIJGZ7FKJ4P74XWPQKE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802285},"content":"This includes an assault on Green Party leader <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/roderic-ogorman\" target=\"_blank\">Roderic O’Gorman</a> while he was canvassing. A man has since pleaded guilty to assault. Another man was arrested after coffee was thrown over Labour MEP <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/aodhan-o-riordain\" target=\"_blank\">Aodhán Ó Ríordáin</a> while he was campaigning in Clontarf, Dublin.","type":"text"},{"_id":"QWQWL24C5NA6FGA7EWO4K6FBVI","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802286},"content":"Most recently, gardaí launched an investigation into allegations that far-right independent candidate Philip Dwyer attacked the father of a rival candidate in Bray, Co Wicklow before brandishing an extendable baton. Mr Dwyer has claimed he was the one who was attacked.","type":"text"},{"_id":"ETPNUYX2AFDA7CLTV7HXJHIR24","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802287},"content":"Researchers also documented reports that a person allegedly threatened Social Democrat canvassers with a brick in Co Cork.","type":"text"},{"_id":"M2KGN2C4YJF2NNMN7NWQEAMPXQ","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802288},"content":"There were 13 incidents of intimidation or verbal abuse directed against candidates or their canvassers, some of which were then shared online where there was further abuse.","type":"text"},{"_id":"TDR5N5TXDRFXLD67FE3DMDIGUE","additional_properties":{"_id":1732897802289},"content":"In one incident a man filmed himself following <a href=\"https://www.irishtimes.com/tags/pearse-doherty\" target=\"_blank\">Pearse Doherty</a> around Lifford, Co Donegal before “directing extreme slurs” against the Sinn Féin 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