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Aygar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Yelda Aygar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Yelda Aygar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Yelda Aygar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Yelda Aygar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Matrix Valued Difference Equations with Spectral Singularities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serifenur%20Cebesoy">Serifenur Cebesoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelda%20Aygar"> Yelda Aygar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elgiz%20Bairamov"> Elgiz Bairamov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we examine some spectral properties of non-selfadjoint matrix-valued difference equations consisting of a polynomial type Jost solution. The aim of this study is to investigate the eigenvalues and spectral singularities of the difference operator L which is expressed by the above-mentioned difference equation. Firstly, thanks to the representation of polynomial type Jost solution of this equation, we obtain asymptotics and some analytical properties. Then, using the uniqueness theorems of analytic functions, we guarantee that the operator L has a finite number of eigenvalues and spectral singularities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotics" title="asymptotics">asymptotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20spectrum" title=" continuous spectrum"> continuous spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=difference%20equations" title=" difference equations"> difference equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalues" title=" eigenvalues"> eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jost%20functions" title=" jost functions"> jost functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20singularities" title=" spectral singularities"> spectral singularities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32256/matrix-valued-difference-equations-with-spectral-singularities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Role of Celebrities in the Securitization and Desecuritization of Syrian Migrants on Social Media in Turkiye</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelda%20Yenel">Yelda Yenel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkut%20Acele"> Orkut Acele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to examine the role of celebrities in the securitization and desecuritization of Syrian migrants in Türkiye on social media platforms. Traditionally, the securitization process has been driven by political actors and mainstream media. However, with the rise of social media, celebrities have emerged as influential actors, contributing to these processes. The topic of Syrian migrants, particularly those arriving in Türkiye after 2011, has sparked national debates, framing them both as a security threat and as a humanitarian issue, thereby dividing public opinion.The primary objective of this study is to analyze celebrities’ discourses about migrants on social media and to explore how these narratives contribute to the processes of securitization (presenting migrants as a threat) and desecuritization (framing migrants within a humanitarian context). This research will focus on social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram, examining celebrities' posts and analyzing the narratives produced through content and discourse analysis techniques.By investigating how celebrities frame the migrant issue and how these frames resonate with the public, this study seeks to explore the impact of celebrity discourse on the securitization and desecuritization processes. Additionally, it will examine the influence of celebrities on social media users, offering a new perspective on how securitization theory is shaped by the role of celebrities in the digital age. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=securitization" title="securitization">securitization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desecuritization" title=" desecuritization"> desecuritization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celebrities" title=" celebrities"> celebrities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syrian%20migrants" title=" Syrian migrants"> Syrian migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media%20discourse" title=" social media discourse"> social media discourse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191239/the-role-of-celebrities-in-the-securitization-and-desecuritization-of-syrian-migrants-on-social-media-in-turkiye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Investigating University Students' Attitudes towards Infertility in Terms of Socio-Demographic Variables</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelda%20Ka%C4%9Fn%C4%B1c%C4%B1">Yelda Kağnıcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%C3%A7il%20Seymenler"> Seçil Seymenler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Baran"> Bahar Baran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erol%20Esen"> Erol Esen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bar%C4%B1%C5%9Fcan%20%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk"> Barışcan Öztürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ender%20Siyez"> Ender Siyez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%C4%9Fdem%20M.%20Siyez"> Diğdem M. Siyez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infertility is the inability to reproduce after twelve months or longer unprotected sexual relationship. Although infertility is not a life threatening illness, it is considered as a serious problem for both the individual and the society. At this point, the importance of examining attitudes towards infertility is critical. Negative attitudes towards infertility may postpone individuals’ help seeking behaviors. The aim of this study is to investigate university students’ attitudes towards infertility in terms of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, taking sexual health education, existence of an infertile individual in the social network, plans about having child and behaviors about health). The sample of the study was 9693 university students attending to 21 universities in Turkey. Of the 9693 students, % 51.6 (n = 5002) were female, % 48.4 (n = 4691) were male. The data was collected by Attitudes toward Infertility Scale developed by researchers and Personal Information Form. In data analysis first frequencies were calculated, then in order to test whether there were significant differences in attitudes towards infertility scores of university students in terms of socio-demographic variables, one way ANOVA was conducted. According to the results, it was found that female students, students who had sexual health education, who have sexual relationship experience, who have an infertile individual in their social networks, who have child plans, who have high caffeine usage and who use alcohol regularly have more positive attitudes towards infertility. On the other hand, attitudes towards infidelity did not show significant differences in terms of age and cigarette usage. When the results of the study were evaluated in general, it was seen that university students’ attitudes towards infertility were negative. The attitudes of students who have high caffeine and alcohols usage were high. It can be considered that these students are aware that their social habits are risky. Female students’ positive attitudes might be explained by their gender role. The results point out that in order to decrease university students’ negative attitudes towards infertility, there is a necessity to develop preventive programs in universities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infertility" title="infertility">infertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex" title=" sex"> sex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74443/investigating-university-students-attitudes-towards-infertility-in-terms-of-socio-demographic-variables" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Determination of the Needs for Development of Infertility Psycho-Educational Program and the Design of a Website about Infertility for University Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Baran">Bahar Baran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eirin%20Nur%20Kaptan"> Şirin Nur Kaptan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.Yelda%20Ka%C4%9Fn%C4%B1c%C4%B1"> D.Yelda Kağnıcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erol%20Esen"> Erol Esen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bar%C4%B1%C5%9Fcan%20%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk"> Barışcan Öztürk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ender%20Siyez"> Ender Siyez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%C4%9Fdem%20M%20Siyez"> Diğdem M Siyez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that some factors associated with infertility have preventable characteristics and that young people's knowledge levels in this regard are inadequate, but very few studies focus on effective prevention studies on infertility. Psycho-educational programs have an important place for infertility prevention efforts. Nowadays, considering the households' utilization rates from technology and the Internet, it seems that young people have applied to websites as a primary source of information related to a health problem they have encountered. However, one of the prerequisites for the effectiveness of websites or face-to-face psycho-education programs is to consider the needs of participants. In particular, it is expected that these programs will be appropriate to the cultural infrastructure and the diversity of beliefs and values in society. The aim of this research is to determine what university students want to learn about infertility and fertility and examine their views on the structure of the website. The sample of the research consisted of 9693 university students who study in 21 public higher education programs in Turkey. 51.6 % (n = 5002) were female and 48.4% (n = 4691) were male. The Needs Analysis Questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as data collection tool in the research. In the analysis of the data, descriptive analysis was conducted in SPSS software. According to the findings, among the topics that university students wanted to study about infertility and fertility, the first topics were 'misconceptions about infertility' (94.9 %), 'misconceptions about sexual behaviors' (94.6 %), 'factors affecting infertility' (92.8 %), 'sexual health and reproductive health' (92.5 %), 'sexually transmitted diseases' (92.7 %), 'sexuality and society' (90.9 %), 'healthy life (help centers)' (90.4 %). In addition, the questions about how the content of the website should be designed for university students were analyzed descriptively. According to the results, 91.5 % (n = 8871) of the university students proposed to use frequently asked questions and their answers, 89.2 % (n = 8648) stated that expert video should be included, 82.6 % (n = 8008) requested animations and simulations, 76.1 % (n = 7380) proposed different content according to sex and 66 % (n = 6460) proposed different designs according to sex. The results of the research indicated that the findings are similar to the contents of the program carried out in other countries in terms of the topics to be studied. It is suggested to take into account the opinions of the participants during the design of website. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infertility" title="infertility">infertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-education" title=" psycho-education"> psycho-education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20based%20education" title=" web based education"> web based education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74444/determination-of-the-needs-for-development-of-infertility-psycho-educational-program-and-the-design-of-a-website-about-infertility-for-university-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Development of Infertility Prevention Psycho-Education Program for University Students and Evaluation of Its Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Digdem%20M.%20Siyez">Digdem M. Siyez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bariscan%20Ozturk"> Bariscan Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erol%20Esen"> Erol Esen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ender%20Siyez"> Ender Siyez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelda%20Kagnici"> Yelda Kagnici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Baran"> Bahar Baran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infertility is a reproductive disease identified with the absence of pregnancy after regular unprotected sexual intercourse that has been lasting for 12 months or more. Some of the factors that cause infertility, which has been considered as a social and societal issue since the first days of the humankind, are preventable. These are veneral diseases, age, the frequency of the intercourse and its timing, drug use, bodyweight, environmental and professional conditions. Having actual information about the reproductive health is essential to take protective and preventive measures, and it is accepted as the most effective way to reduce the rate of infertility. However, during the literature review, it has been observed that there are so few studies that focus on the prevention of the infertility. The aim of this study is to develop a psycho-education program to reduce infertility among university students and also to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. It is believed that this program will increase the information level about infertility among the university students, help them to adopt healthy attitudes, develop life skills, create awareness about the risk factors and also contribute to the literature. Throughout the study, first, the contents of sexual/reproductive health programs developed for university students were examined by the researches. Besides, “Views about Reproductive Health Psycho-education Program Survey” was developed and applied to 10221 university students from 21 universities. In accordance with the literature and the university students’ views about reproductive health psycho-education program consisting of 9 sessions each of which lasts for 90 minutes was developed. The pilot program was carried out with 16 volunteer undergraduate students attending to a state university. During the evaluation of the pilot study, at the end of each session “Session Evaluation Form” and at the end of the entire program “Program Evaluation Form” were administered to the participants. Besides, one week after the end of the program, a focus group with half of the group, and individual interviews with the rest were conducted. Based on the evaluations, it was determined that the session duration is enough, the teaching methods meet the expectation, the techniques applied are appropriate and clear, and the materials are adequate. Also, an extra session was added to psycho-education program based on the feedbacks of the participants. In order to evaluate program’s effectiveness, Solomon control group design will be used. According to this design, the research has 2 experiment groups and 2 control groups. The participants who voluntarily participated in the research after the announcement of the psycho-education program were divided into experiment and control groups. In the experiment 1 and control 1 groups, “Personal Information Test”, “Infertility Information Test” and “Infertility Attitude Scale”, “Self Identification Inventory” and “Melbourne Decision Scale” were administered as a preliminary test. Currently, at the present stage, psycho-education still continues. After this 10-week program, the same tests will be administered again as the post-tests. The decision upon which statistical method will be applied in the analysis will be made afterwards according to whether the data meets the presuppositions or not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infertility" title="infertility">infertility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevention" title=" prevention"> prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycho-education" title=" psycho-education"> psycho-education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reproductive%20health" title=" reproductive health"> reproductive health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83070/development-of-infertility-prevention-psycho-education-program-for-university-students-and-evaluation-of-its-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Celebrity Culture and Social Role of Celebrities in Türkiye during the 1990s: The Case of Türkiye, Newspaper, Radio, Televison (TGRT) Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelda%20Yenel">Yelda Yenel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkut%20Acele"> Orkut Acele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a media-saturated world, celebrities have become ubiquitous figures, encountered both in public spaces and within the privacy of our homes, seamlessly integrating into daily life. From Alexander the Great to contemporary media personalities, the image of celebrity has persisted throughout history, manifesting in various forms and contexts. Over time, as the relationship between society and the market evolved, so too did the roles and behaviors of celebrities. These transformations offer insights into the cultural climate, revealing shifts in habits and worldviews. In Türkiye, the emergence of private television channels brought an influx of celebrities into everyday life, making them a pervasive part of daily routines. To understand modern celebrity culture, it is essential to examine the ideological functions of media within political, economic, and social contexts. Within this framework, celebrities serve as both reflections and creators of cultural values and, at times, act as intermediaries, offering insights into the society of their era. Starting its broadcasting life in 1992 with religious films and religious conversation, Türkiye Newspaper, Radio, Television channel (TGRT) later changed its appearance, slogan, and the celebrities it featured in response to the political atmosphere. Celebrities played a critical role in transforming from the existing slogan 'Peace has come to the screen' to 'Watch and see what will happen”. Celebrities hold significant roles in society, and their images are produced and circulated by various actors, including media organizations and public relations teams. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for analyzing their influence and impact. This study aims to explore Turkish society in the 1990s, focusing on TGRT and its visual and discursive characteristics regarding celebrity figures such as Seda Sayan. The first section examines the historical development of celebrity culture and its transformations, guided by the conceptual framework of celebrity studies. The complex and interconnected image of celebrity, as introduced by post-structuralist approaches, plays a fundamental role in making sense of existing relationships. This section traces the existence and functions of celebrities from antiquity to the present day. The second section explores the economic, social, and cultural contexts of 1990s Türkiye, focusing on the media landscape and visibility that became prominent in the neoliberal era following the 1980s. This section also discusses the political factors underlying TGRT's transformation, such as the 1997 military memorandum. The third section analyzes TGRT as a case study, focusing on its significance as an Islamic television channel and the shifts in its public image, categorized into two distinct periods. The channel’s programming, which aligned with Islamic teachings, and the celebrities who featured prominently during these periods became the public face of both TGRT and the broader society. In particular, the transition to a more 'secular' format during TGRT's second phase is analyzed, focusing on changes in celebrity attire and program formats. This study reveals that celebrities are used as indicators of ideology, benefiting from this instrumentalization by enhancing their own fame and reflecting the prevailing cultural hegemony in society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celebrity%20culture" title="celebrity culture">celebrity culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neoliberalism" title=" neoliberalism"> neoliberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGRT" title=" TGRT"> TGRT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191241/celebrity-culture-and-social-role-of-celebrities-in-turkiye-during-the-1990s-the-case-of-turkiye-newspaper-radio-televison-tgrt-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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