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protective layer</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: alumina protective layer"> <meta name="keywords" content="alumina protective layer"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="alumina protective layer"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3567</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: alumina protective layer</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3567</span> Formation of Protective Aluminum-Oxide Layer on the Surface of Fe-Cr-Al Sintered-Metal-Fibers via Multi-Stage Thermal Oxidation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loai%20Ben%20Naji">Loai Ben Naji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20M.%20Ibrahim"> Osama M. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20J.%20Al-Fadhalah"> Khaled J. Al-Fadhalah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this paper is to investigate the formation and adhesion of a protective aluminum-oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, alumina) layer on the surface of Iron-Chromium-Aluminum Alloy (Fe-Cr-Al) sintered-metal-fibers. The oxide-scale layer was developed via multi-stage thermal oxidation at 930 <sup>o</sup>C for 1 hour, followed by 1 hour at 960 <sup>o</sup>C, and finally at 990 <sup>o</sup>C for 2 hours. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show that the multi-stage thermal oxidation resulted in the formation of predominantly Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> platelets-like and whiskers. SEM images also reveal non-uniform oxide-scale growth on the surface of the fibers. Furthermore, peeling/spalling of the alumina protective layer occurred after minimum handling, which indicates weak adhesion forces between the protective layer and the base metal alloy.  Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the heat-treated Fe-Cr-Al sintered-metal-fibers confirmed the high aluminum content on the surface of the protective layer, and the low aluminum content on the exposed base metal alloy surface. In conclusion, the failure of the oxide-scale protective layer exposes the base metal alloy to further oxidation, and the fragile non-uniform oxide-scale is not suitable as a support for catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20oxidation" title="high-temperature oxidation">high-temperature oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron-chromium-aluminum%20alloy" title=" iron-chromium-aluminum alloy"> iron-chromium-aluminum alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20protective%20layer" title=" alumina protective layer"> alumina protective layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sintered-metal-fibers" title=" sintered-metal-fibers"> sintered-metal-fibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97290/formation-of-protective-aluminum-oxide-layer-on-the-surface-of-fe-cr-al-sintered-metal-fibers-via-multi-stage-thermal-oxidation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3566</span> Corrosion of Fe-(9~37) Wt%Cr Alloys at 700-800 °C in N₂-H₂O-H₂S Mixed Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jung%20Kim">Min Jung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fe-(9, 19, 28, 37) wt%Cr alloys were corroded at 700 and 800 °C for 70 h under 1 atm of N₂, 1 atm of N₂/3.2%H₂O-mixed gas, and 1 atm of N₂/3.1%H₂O/2.42%H₂S-mixed gas. The corrosion rate of Fe-9Cr alloy increased with the addition of H₂O and increased further with the addition of H₂S in N₂/H₂O gas. Fe-9Cr alloy was non-protective in all gas types. In contrast, Fe-(19, 28, 37) wt%Cr alloys were protective in N₂ and N₂/H₂O-mixed gas because of the formation of the Cr₂O₃ layer. They were, however, non-protective in N₂/H₂O/H₂S-mixed gas because sulfidation dominated, forming the outer FeS layer and the inner Cr₂S₃ layer containing some FeCr₂S₄. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe-%289" title="Fe-(9">Fe-(9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=19" title=" 19"> 19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=28" title=" 28"> 28</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=37%29%20wt%25Cr%20alloys" title=" 37) wt%Cr alloys"> 37) wt%Cr alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfidation" title=" sulfidation"> sulfidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FeS" title=" FeS"> FeS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50849/corrosion-of-fe-937-wtcr-alloys-at-700-800-c-in-n2-h2o-h2s-mixed-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3565</span> Multi-Layer Silica Alumina Membrane Performance for Flue Gas Separation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Nwogu">Ngozi Nwogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Kajama"> Mohammed Kajama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Anyanwu"> Emmanuel Anyanwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the objective to create technologically advanced materials to be scientifically applicable, multi-layer silica alumina membranes were molecularly fabricated by continuous surface coating silica layers containing hybrid material onto a ceramic porous substrate for flue gas separation applications. The multi-layer silica alumina membrane was prepared by dip coating technique before further drying in an oven at elevated temperature. The effects of substrate physical appearance, coating quantity, the cross-linking agent, a number of coatings and testing conditions on the gas separation performance of the membrane have been investigated. Scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the development of coating thickness. The membrane shows impressive perm selectivity especially for CO2 and N2 binary mixture representing a stimulated flue gas stream <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title="gas separation">gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane" title=" silica membrane"> silica membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20factor" title=" separation factor"> separation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20layer%20thickness" title=" membrane layer thickness"> membrane layer thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29152/multi-layer-silica-alumina-membrane-performance-for-flue-gas-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3564</span> Preparation and Characterization of α–Alumina with Low Sodium Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gyung%20Soo%20Jeon">Gyung Soo Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Bae%20Kim"> Hong Bae Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Jung%20Oh"> Chi Jung Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to prepare the α-alumina with low content of sodium oxide from aluminum trihydroxide as a reactant, three kinds of methods were employed as follows; the mixture of Chamotte (aggregate composed of silica and alumina), ammonium chloride and aluminum fluoride with aluminum trihydroxide under 1600°C, respectively. The sodium oxide in α-alumina produced above methods was analyzed by XRF and the particle size distribution was determined by particle size analyzer, and the specific surface area of α-alumina was measured by BET method, and phase of α-alumina produced was confirmed by XRD. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by Development Program of Technical Innovation funded by Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (KTIP-2016-S2401821). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-alumina" title="α-alumina">α-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20oxide" title=" sodium oxide"> sodium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20trihydroxide" title=" aluminum trihydroxide"> aluminum trihydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamotte" title=" Chamotte"> Chamotte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonium%20chloride" title=" ammonium chloride"> ammonium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20fluoride" title=" aluminum fluoride"> aluminum fluoride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66138/preparation-and-characterization-of-a-alumina-with-low-sodium-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3563</span> Percentages of Alumina Phase and Different Ph on The Ha- Al2o3 Nano Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tayyebi">S. Tayyebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mirjalili"> F. Mirjalili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Samadi"> H. Samadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nemati"> A. Nemati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, hydroxyapatite-Alumina nano composite powder, containing 15,20 and 25% weight percent of reinforced alumina were prepared by chemical precipitation from the reaction between calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate with ratio of Ca / p = 1.67 and different percentage of aluminum nitrate nona hydrate in different pH of 9,10 and 11. The microstructure and thermal stability of samples were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the presence of reinforced alumina phase reduced the degree of crystallinity of hydroxyapatite phase and increased its decomposition to tricalcium phosphate phase. Microstructural analysis showed that the hydroxyapatite-alumina nano composite powder was obtained with spherical shape and size of less than 100 nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20composite" title=" nano composite"> nano composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation%20method" title=" precipitation method"> precipitation method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31034/percentages-of-alumina-phase-and-different-ph-on-the-ha-al2o3-nano-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3562</span> Investigating the Impact of the Laundry and Sterilization Process on the Performance of Reusable Surgical Gowns </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khomarloo">N. Khomarloo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mousazadegan"> F. Mousazadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latifi"> M. Latifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hemmatinejad"> N. Hemmatinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the utilization of reusable surgical gowns in order to decrease costs, environmental protection and enhance surgeon’s comfort is considered. One of the concerns in applying this kind of medical protective clothing is reduction of their resistance to bacterial penetration especially in wet state, after repeated laundering and sterilizing process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the laundering and sterilizing process on the reusable surgical gown’s resistance against bacterial wet penetration. To this end, penetration of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in wet state after 70 washing and sterilizing cycles was evaluated on the two single-layer and three-layer reusable gowns. The outcomes reveal that up to 20 laundering and sterilizing cycles, protective property of samples improves due to fabric shrinkage, after that because of the fabric’s construction opening, the bacterial penetration increase. However, the three-layer gown presents higher protective performance comparing to the single-layer one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laundry" title="laundry">laundry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reusable%20surgical%20gown" title=" reusable surgical gown"> reusable surgical gown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sterilization" title=" sterilization"> sterilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20bacterial%20penetration" title=" wet bacterial penetration"> wet bacterial penetration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87644/investigating-the-impact-of-the-laundry-and-sterilization-process-on-the-performance-of-reusable-surgical-gowns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3561</span> Properties of Hot-Pressed Alumina-Graphene Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Rutkowski">P. Rutkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20G%C3%B3rny"> G. Górny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Stobierski"> L. Stobierski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Zientara"> D. Zientara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Piekarczyk"> W. Piekarczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Tran"> K. Tran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The polycrystalline dense alumina shows thermal conductivity about 30 W/mK and very high electrical resistivity. These last two properties can be modified by introducing commercial relatively cheap graphene nanoparticles which, as two-dimensional flakes show very high thermal and electrical properties. The aim of this work is to show that it is possible to manufacture the anisotropic alumina-graphene material with directed multilayer graphene particles. Such materials can show the anisotropic properties mentioned before. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title="alumina">alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-pressed" title=" hot-pressed"> hot-pressed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40596/properties-of-hot-pressed-alumina-graphene-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3560</span> A Study of the Alumina Distribution in the Lab-Scale Cell during Aluminum Electrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Tkacheva">Olga Tkacheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Arkhipov"> Pavel Arkhipov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Rudenko"> Alexey Rudenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yurii%20Zaikov"> Yurii Zaikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aluminum electrolysis process in the conventional cryolite-alumina electrolyte with cryolite ratio of 2.7 was carried out at an initial temperature of 970 °C and the anode current density of 0.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup> in a 15A lab-scale cell in order to study the formation of the side ledge during electrolysis and the alumina distribution between electrolyte and side ledge. The alumina contained 35.97% α-phase and 64.03% γ-phase with the particles size in the range of 10-120 μm. The cryolite ratio and the alumina concentration were determined in molten electrolyte during electrolysis and in frozen bath after electrolysis. The side ledge in the electrolysis cell was formed only by the 13<sup>th</sup> hour of electrolysis. With a slight temperature decrease a significant increase in the side ledge thickness was observed. The basic components of the side ledge obtained by the XRD phase analysis were Na<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub>, Na<sub>5</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and NaF<sup>.</sup>5CaF<sub>2</sub><sup>.</sup>AlF<sub>3</sub>. As in the industrial cell, the increased alumina concentration in the side ledge formed on the cell walls and at the ledge-electrolyte-aluminum three-phase boundary during aluminum electrolysis in the lab cell was found (FTP No 05.604.21.0239, IN RFMEFI60419X0239). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20distribution" title="alumina distribution">alumina distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20electrolyzer" title=" aluminum electrolyzer"> aluminum electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryolie-alumina%20electrolyte" title=" cryolie-alumina electrolyte"> cryolie-alumina electrolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20ledge" title=" side ledge"> side ledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118301/a-study-of-the-alumina-distribution-in-the-lab-scale-cell-during-aluminum-electrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3559</span> The Impact of Alumina Cement on Properties of Portland Cement Slurries and Mortars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krzysztof%20Zieli%C5%84ski">Krzysztof Zieliński</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariusz%20Kierzek"> Dariusz Kierzek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The addition of a small amount of alumina cement to Portland cement results in immediate setting, a rapid increase in the compressive strength and a clear increase of the adhesion to concrete substrate. This phenomenon is used, among others, for the production of liquid floor self-levelling compounds. Alumina cement is several times more expensive than Portland cement and is a component having a significant impact on prices of products manufactured with its use. For the production of liquid floor self-levelling compounds, low-alumina cement containing approximately 40% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>is normally used. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Portland cement with the addition of alumina cement on the basic physical and mechanical properties of cement slurries and mortars. CEM I 42.5R and three types of alumina cement containing 40%, 50% and 70% of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were used for the tests. Mixes containing 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% of different varieties of alumina cement were prepared; for which, the time of initial and final setting, compressive and flexural strength and adhesion to concrete substrate were determined. The analysis of the obtained test results showed that a similar immediate setting effect and clearly better adhesion strength can be obtained using the addition of 6% of high-alumina cement than 12% of low-alumina cement. As the prices of these cements are similar, this can give significant financial savings in the production of liquid floor self-levelling compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20cement" title="alumina cement">alumina cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immediate%20setting" title=" immediate setting"> immediate setting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compression%20strength" title=" compression strength"> compression strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesion%20to%20substrate" title=" adhesion to substrate"> adhesion to substrate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118238/the-impact-of-alumina-cement-on-properties-of-portland-cement-slurries-and-mortars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3558</span> Influence of Layer-by-Layer Coating Parameters on the Properties of Hybrid Membrane for Water Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Radeva">Jenny Radeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anke-Gundula%20Roth"> Anke-Gundula Roth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Goebbert"> Christian Goebbert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Niestroj-Pahl"> Robert Niestroj-Pahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars%20Daehne"> Lars Daehne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Wolfram"> Axel Wolfram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20WIese"> Juergen WIese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presented investigation studies the correlation between the process parameters of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coatings and properties of the produced hybrid membranes for water treatment. The coating of alumina ceramic support membrane with polyelectrolyte multilayers on top results in hybrid membranes with increased fouling resistant behavior, high retention (up to 90%) of salt ions and various pharmaceuticals, selectivity to various organic molecules as known from LbL coated polyether sulfone membranes and the possibility of pH response control. Chosen polyelectrolytes were added to the support using the LbL-coating process. Parameters like the type of polyelectrolyte, ionic strength, and pH were varied in order to find the most suitable process conditions and to study how they influence the properties of the final product. The applied LbL-films was investigated in respect to its homogeneity and penetration depth. The analysis of the layer buildup was performed using fluorescence labeled polyelectrolyte molecules and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy as well as Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Furthermore, the influence of the coating parameters on the porosity, surface potential, retention, and permeability of the developed hybrid membranes were estimated. In conclusion, a comparison was drawn between the filtration performance of the uncoated alumina ceramic membrane and modified hybrid membranes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title="water treatment">water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membranes" title=" membranes"> membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20membranes" title=" ceramic membranes"> ceramic membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20membranes" title=" hybrid membranes"> hybrid membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer%20modification" title=" layer-by-layer modification"> layer-by-layer modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138613/influence-of-layer-by-layer-coating-parameters-on-the-properties-of-hybrid-membrane-for-water-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3557</span> Surface Induced Alteration of Nanosized Amorphous Alumina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Katsman">A. Katsman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bloch"> L. Bloch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Etinger"> Y. Etinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kauffmann"> Y. Kauffmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Pokroy"> B. Pokroy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various nanosized amorphous alumina thin films in the range of (2.4 - 63.1) nm were deposited onto amorphous carbon and amorphous Si3N4 membrane grids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to probe the size effect on the short range order and the amorphous to crystalline phase transition temperature. It was found that the short-range order changes as a function of size: the fraction of tetrahedral Al sites is greater in thinner amorphous films. This result correlates with the change of amorphous alumina density with the film thickness demonstrated by the reflectivity experiments: the thinner amorphous films have the less density. These effects are discussed in terms of surface reconstruction of the amorphous alumina films. The average atomic binding energy in the thin film layer decreases with decease of the thickness, while the average O-Al interatomic distance increases. The reconstruction of amorphous alumina is induced by the surface reconstruction, and the short range order changes being dependent on the density. Decrease of the surface energy during reconstruction is the driving force of the alumina reconstruction (density change) followed by relaxation process (short range order change). The amorphous to crystalline phase transition temperature measured by DSC rises with the decrease in thickness from 997.6°C for 13.9 nm to 1020.4 °C for 2.7 nm thick. This effect was attributed to the different film densities: formation of nanovoids preceding and accompanying crystallization process influences the crystallization rate, and by these means, the temperature of crystallization peak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20alumina" title="amorphous alumina">amorphous alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20range%20order" title=" short range order"> short range order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20effect" title=" size effect"> size effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23605/surface-induced-alteration-of-nanosized-amorphous-alumina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">467</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3556</span> The Gradient Complex Protective Coatings for Single Crystal Nickel Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeniya%20Popova">Evgeniya Popova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Lesnikov"> Vladimir Lesnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolay%20Popov"> Nikolay Popov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High yield complex coatings have been designed for thermally stressed cooled HP turbine blades from single crystal alloys ZHS32-VI-VI and ZHS36 with crystallographic orientation [001]. These coatings provide long-term protection of single crystal blades during operation. The three-layer coatings were prepared as follows: the diffusion barrier layer formation on the alloy surface, the subsequent deposition of the condensed bilayer coatings consisting of an inner layer based on Ni-Cr-Al-Y systems and an outer layer based on the alloyed β-phase. The structure, phase composition of complex coatings and reaction zone interaction with the single-crystal alloys ZHS32-VI and ZHS36-VI were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of complex protective coatings on the properties of heat-resistant nickel alloys was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal%20nickel%20alloys" title="single crystal nickel alloys">single crystal nickel alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20heat-resistant%20coatings" title=" complex heat-resistant coatings"> complex heat-resistant coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20composition" title=" phase composition"> phase composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63315/the-gradient-complex-protective-coatings-for-single-crystal-nickel-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3555</span> The High Temperature Damage of DV–2 Turbine Blade Made from Ni–Base Superalloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Belan">Juraj Belan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Hurtalov%C3%A1"> Lenka Hurtalová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Tillov%C3%A1"> Eva Tillová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alan%20Va%C5%A1ko"> Alan Vaško</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Uhr%C3%AD%C4%8Dik"> Milan Uhríčik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-pressure turbine (HPT) blades of DV–2 jet engines are made from Ni–base superalloy, a former Soviet Union production, specified as ŽS6K. For improving its high-temperature resistance are blades covered with Al–Si diffusion layer. A regular operation temperature of HPT blades vary from 705°C to 750°C depending on jet engine regime. An over-crossing working temperature range causes degradation of protective alitize layer as well as base material–gamma matrix and gamma prime particles what decreases turbine blade lifetime. High-temperature degradation has mainly diffusion mechanism and causes coarsening of strengthening phase gamma prime and protective alitize layer thickness growing. All changes have a significant influence on high-temperature properties of base material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alitize%20layer" title="alitize layer">alitize layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20prime%20phase" title=" gamma prime phase"> gamma prime phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-temperature%20degradation" title=" high-temperature degradation"> high-temperature degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%E2%80%93base%20superalloy%20%C5%BDS6K" title=" Ni–base superalloy ŽS6K"> Ni–base superalloy ŽS6K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20blade" title=" turbine blade"> turbine blade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20085/the-high-temperature-damage-of-dv-2-turbine-blade-made-from-ni-base-superalloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3554</span> Nanowire by Ac Electrodeposition Into Nanoporous Alumina Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Metalic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Beyzaiea">M. Beyzaiea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammadia"> S. Mohammadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High aspect ratio metallic (silver, cobalt) nanowire arrays were fabricated using ac electrodeposition techniques into the nanoporous alumina template. The template with long pore dept fabricated by hard anodization (HA) and thinned for ac electrodeposition. Template preparation was done in short time by using HA technique and high speed thing process. The TEM and XRD investigation confirm the three dimensional nucleation growth mechanism of metallic nanowire inside the nanoporous alumina that fabricated by HA process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic" title="metallic">metallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoporous%20alumina" title=" nanoporous alumina"> nanoporous alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ac%20electrodeposition" title=" ac electrodeposition"> ac electrodeposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43733/nanowire-by-ac-electrodeposition-into-nanoporous-alumina-fabrication-of-high-aspect-ratio-metalic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3553</span> Preparation of hydrophobic silica membranes supported on alumina hollow fibers for pervaporation applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ami%20Okabe">Ami Okabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisuke%20Gondo"> Daisuke Gondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akira%20Ogawa"> Akira Ogawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuhisa%20Hasegawa"> Yasuhisa Hasegawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koichi%20Sato"> Koichi Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadao%20Araki"> Sadao Araki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Yamamoto"> Hideki Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane separation draws attention as the energy-saving technology. Pervaporation (PV) uses hydrophobic ceramic membranes to separate organic compounds from industrial wastewaters. PV makes it possible to separate organic compounds from azeotropic mixtures and from aqueous solutions. For the PV separation of low concentrations of organics from aqueous solutions, hydrophobic ceramic membranes are expected to have high separation performance compared with that of conventional hydrophilic membranes. Membrane separation performance is evaluated based on the pervaporation separation index (PSI), which depends on both the separation factor and the permeate flux. Ingenuity is required to increase the PSI such that the permeate flux increases without reducing the separation factor or to increase the separation factor without reducing the flux. A thin separation layer without defects and pinholes is required. In addition, it is known that the flux can be increased without reducing the separation factor by reducing the diffusion resistance of the membrane support. In a previous study, we prepared hydrophobic silica membranes by a molecular templating sol−gel method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form pores suitable for permitting the passage of organic compounds through the membrane. We separated low-concentration organics from aqueous solutions by PV using these membranes. In the present study, hydrophobic silica membranes were prepared on a porous alumina hollow fiber support that is thinner than the previously used alumina support. Ethyl acetate (EA) is used in large industrial quantities, so it was selected as the organic substance to be separated. Hydrophobic silica membranes were prepared by dip-coating porous alumina supports with a -alumina interlayer into a silica sol containing CTAB and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as the silica precursor. Membrane thickness increases with the lifting speed of the sol in the dip-coating process. Different thicknesses of the γ-alumina layer were prepared by dip-coating the support into a boehmite sol at different lifting speeds (0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mm s-1). Silica layers were subsequently formed by dip-coating using an immersion time of 60 s and lifting speed of 1 mm s-1. PV measurements of the EA (5 wt.%)/water system were carried out using VTMS hydrophobic silica membranes prepared on -alumina layers of different thicknesses. Water and EA flux showed substantially constant value despite of the change of the lifting speed to form the γ-alumina interlayer. All prepared hydrophobic silica membranes showed the higher PSI compared with the hydrophobic membranes using the previous alumina support of hollow fiber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20separation" title="membrane separation">membrane separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervaporation" title=" pervaporation"> pervaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title=" hydrophobic"> hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica" title=" silica"> silica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35530/preparation-of-hydrophobic-silica-membranes-supported-on-alumina-hollow-fibers-for-pervaporation-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35530.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3552</span> Inter-Filling of CaO and MgO Mixed Layer in Surface Behavior of Al-Mg Alloys Containing Al2Ca</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong-Ho%20Ha">Seong-Ho Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Ok%20Yoon"> Young-Ok Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shae%20K.%20Kim"> Shae K. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxide layer of normal Al-Mg alloy can be characterized by upper MgO and lower MgAl2O4 spinel. The formation of the MgO outmost layer occurs by the surface segregation of Mg in the initial oxidation. After then, the oxidation is proceeded with the formation of MgA12O4 spinel beneath the MgO. Growth of the oxide layer is accelerated by constant formation of MgA12O4 spinel. On the other hand, the oxidation resistance of Al-Mg alloys can be significantly improved simply by Mg+Al2Ca master alloy use as the Mg alloying element and such an improvement is attributed to the CaO/MgO mixed layer. Al-Mg alloy containing Al2Ca shows CaO as the upper layer and MgO as the lower one without MgA12O4 spinel. Such a dense oxide film acts as a protective layer. However, the CaO/MgO scale has the outmost MgO, partly, after a long time exposure to a harsh oxidation condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the inter-filling behaviour of CaO and MgO mixed layer in oxidation resistance mechanism of Al-Mg alloys containing Al2Ca. The process of outmost MgO layer formation will be clarified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-Mg%20alloy" title="Al-Mg alloy">Al-Mg alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2Ca" title=" Al2Ca"> Al2Ca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxidation" title=" oxidation"> oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MgO" title=" MgO"> MgO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49097/inter-filling-of-cao-and-mgo-mixed-layer-in-surface-behavior-of-al-mg-alloys-containing-al2ca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3551</span> Organic Rejection and Membrane Fouling with Inorganic Alumina Membrane for Industrial Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Ahmad">Rizwan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soomin%20Chang"> Soomin Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daeun%20Kwon"> Daeun Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeonghwan%20Kim"> Jeonghwan Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interests in an inorganic membrane are growing rapidly for industrial wastewater treatment due to its excellent chemical and thermal stability over polymeric membrane. Nevertheless, understanding of the membrane rejection and fouling rate caused by the deposit of contaminants on membrane surface and within membrane pores through inorganic porous membranes still requires much attention. Microfiltration alumina membranes were developed and applied for the industrial wastewater treatment to investigate rejection efficiency of organic contaminant and membrane fouling at various operational conditions. In this study, organic rejection and membrane fouling were investigated by using the alumina flat-tubular membrane developed for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. The flat-tubular alumina membranes were immersed in a fluidized membrane reactor added with granular activated carbon (GAC) particles. Fluidization was driven by recirculating a bulk industrial wastewater along membrane surface through the reactor. In the absence of GAC particles, for hazardous anionic dye contaminants, functional group characterized by the organic contaminant was found as one of the main factors affecting both membrane rejection and fouling rate. More fouling on the membrane surface led to the existence of dipolar characterizations and this was more pronounced at lower solution pH, thereby improving membrane rejection accordingly. Similar result was observed with a real metal-plating wastewater. Strong correlation was found that higher fouling rate resulted in higher organic rejection efficiency. Hydrophilicity exhibited by alumina membrane improved the organic rejection efficiency of the membrane due to the formation of hydrophilic fouling layer deposited on it. In addition, less surface roughness of alumina membrane resulted in less fouling rate. Regardless of the operational conditions applied in this study, fluidizing the GAC particles along the surface of alumina membrane was very effective to enhance organic removal efficiency higher than 95% and provide an excellent tool to reduce membrane fouling. Less than 0.1 bar as suction pressure was maintained with the alumina membrane at 25 L/m²hr of permeate set-point flux during the whole operational periods without performing any backwashing and chemical enhanced cleaning for the membrane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20membrane" title="alumina membrane">alumina membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidized%20membrane%20reactor" title=" fluidized membrane reactor"> fluidized membrane reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20wastewater" title=" industrial wastewater"> industrial wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20fouling" title=" membrane fouling"> membrane fouling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejection" title=" rejection"> rejection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102592/organic-rejection-and-membrane-fouling-with-inorganic-alumina-membrane-for-industrial-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3550</span> Comparison of Catalyst Support for High Pressure Reductive Amination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tz-Bang%20Du">Tz-Bang Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Han%20Hsieh"> Cheng-Han Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ping%20Ju"> Li-Ping Ju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Jie%20Liou"> Hung-Jie Liou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyether amines synthesize by secondary hydroxyl polyether diol play an important role in epoxy hardener. The low molecular weight product is used in low viscosity and high transparent polyamine product for the logo, ground cover, especially for wind turbine blade, while the high molecular weight products are used in advanced agricultures such as a high-speed railway. High-pressure reductive amination process is required for producing these amines. In the condition of higher than 150 atm pressure and 200 degrees Celsius temperature, supercritical ammonia is used as a reactant and also a solvent. It would be a great challenge to select a catalyst support for such high-temperature alkaline circumstance. In this study, we have established a six-autoclave-type (SAT) high-pressure reactor for amination catalyst screening, which six experiment conditions with different temperature and pressure could be examined at the same time. We synthesized copper-nickel catalyst on different shaped alumina catalyst support and evaluated the catalyst activity for high-pressure reductive amination of polypropylene glycol (PPG) by SAT reactor. Ball type gamma alumina, ball type activated alumina and pellet type gamma alumina catalyst supports are evaluated in this study. Gamma alumina supports have shown better activity on PPG reductive amination than activated alumina support. In addition, the catalysts are evaluated in fixed bed reactor. The diamine product was successfully synthesized via this catalyst and the strength of the catalysts is measured. The crush strength of blank supports is about 13.5 lb for both gamma alumina and activated alumina. The strength increases to 20.3 lb after synthesized to be copper-nickel catalyst. After test in the fixed bed high-pressure reductive amination process for 100 hours, the crush strength of the used catalyst is 3.7 lb for activated alumina support, 12.0 lb for gamma alumina support. The gamma alumina is better than activated alumina to use as catalyst support in high-pressure reductive amination process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure%20reductive%20amination" title="high pressure reductive amination">high pressure reductive amination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20nickel%20catalyst" title=" copper nickel catalyst"> copper nickel catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyether%20amine" title=" polyether amine"> polyether amine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47166/comparison-of-catalyst-support-for-high-pressure-reductive-amination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3549</span> The Effect of Volume Fraction of Nano-Alumina Strengthening on AC4B Composite Characteristics through the Stir Casting Method as a Material Brake Shoe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benny%20Alexander">Benny Alexander</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikhlashia%20N.%20Fadhilah"> Ikhlashia N. Fadhilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20R.%20Pasha"> Muhammad R. Pasha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Julia"> Michelle Julia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Z.%20Syahrial"> Anne Z. Syahrial</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brake shoe is a component that serves to reduce speed or stop the train's speed by utilizing the friction force. Generally, the material used as a brake shoe is cast iron, where cast iron itself is a heavy, expensive, and easily worn material. Aluminum matrix composites are one of candidates for the cast iron replacement material as the basic material for brake shoe. The matrix in the composite used is Aluminum AC4B. Reinforcement used in aluminum matrix composites is nano-alumina, where the use of nano-alumina of 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, and 0.5% volume fraction will be tested. The sample is made using the stir casting method; then, it will be tested mechanically. The use of nano-alumina as a reinforcement will increase the strength of the matrix. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) testing is used to test the distribution of reinforcing particles due to stirring. Therefore, the addition of nano-alumina will improve AC4B aluminum matrix composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20matrix%20composites" title="aluminium matrix composites">aluminium matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brake%20shoe%20application" title=" brake shoe application"> brake shoe application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stir%20casting" title=" stir casting"> stir casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-alumina" title=" nano-alumina"> nano-alumina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125019/the-effect-of-volume-fraction-of-nano-alumina-strengthening-on-ac4b-composite-characteristics-through-the-stir-casting-method-as-a-material-brake-shoe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3548</span> Green Technologies and Sustainability in the Care and Maintenance of Protective Textiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nayak">R. Nayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Panwar"> T. Panwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Padhye"> R. Padhye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Protective textiles get soiled, stained and even worn during their use, which may not be usable after a certain period due to the loss of protective performance. They need regular cleaning and maintenance, which helps to extend the durability of the clothing, retains their useful properties and ensures that fresh clothing is ready to wear when needed. Generally, the cleaning processes used for various protective clothing include dry-cleaning (using solvents) or wet cleaning (using water). These cleaning processes can alter the fabric surface properties, dimensions, and physical, mechanical and performance properties. The technology of laundering and dry-cleaning has undergone several changes. Sustainable methods and products are available for faster, safer and improved cleaning of protective textiles. We performed a comprehensive and systematic review of green technologies and eco-friendly products for sustainable cleaning of protective textiles. Special emphasis is given on the care and maintenance procedures of protective textiles for protection from fire, bullets, chemical and other types of protective clothing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sustainable%20cleaning" title="Sustainable cleaning">Sustainable cleaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective%20textiles" title=" protective textiles"> protective textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecofriendly%20cleaning" title=" ecofriendly cleaning"> ecofriendly cleaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ozone%20laundering" title=" ozone laundering"> ozone laundering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20cleaning" title=" ultrasonic cleaning"> ultrasonic cleaning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75945/green-technologies-and-sustainability-in-the-care-and-maintenance-of-protective-textiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3547</span> Alumina Nanoparticles in One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolopyranopyrimidinones</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Khodabakhshi">Saeed Khodabakhshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alimorad%20Rashidi"> Alimorad Rashidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziba%20Tavakoli"> Ziba Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Kiani"> Sajad Kiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Dastkhoon"> Sadegh Dastkhoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alumina nanoparticles (γ-Al2O3 NPs) were prepared via a new and simple synthetic route and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of prepared γ-Al2O3 NPs was investigated for the one-pot, four-component synthesis of fused tri-heterocyclic compounds containing pyrazole, pyran, and pyrimidine. This procedure has some advantages such as high efficiency, simplicity, high rate and environmental safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20nanoparticles" title="alumina nanoparticles">alumina nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-pot" title=" one-pot"> one-pot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20tri-heterocyclic%20compounds" title=" fused tri-heterocyclic compounds"> fused tri-heterocyclic compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyran" title=" pyran"> pyran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44094/alumina-nanoparticles-in-one-pot-synthesis-of-pyrazolopyranopyrimidinones" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3546</span> Investigation of Alumina Membrane Coated Titanium Implants on Osseointegration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinar%20Erturk">Pinar Erturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevde%20Altuntas"> Sevde Altuntas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Buyukserin"> Fatih Buyukserin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to obtain an effective integration between an implant and a bone, implant surfaces should have similar properties to bone tissue surfaces. Especially mimicry of the chemical, mechanical and topographic properties of the implant to the bone is crucial for fast and effective osseointegration. Titanium-based biomaterials are more preferred in clinical use, and there are studies of coating these implants with oxide layers that have chemical/nanotopographic properties stimulating cell interactions for enhanced osseointegration. There are low success rates of current implantations, especially in craniofacial implant applications, which are large and vital zones, and the oxide layer coating increases bone-implant integration providing long-lasting implants without requiring revision surgery. Our aim in this study is to examine bone-cell behavior on titanium implants with an aluminum oxide layer (AAO) on effective osseointegration potential in the deformation of large zones with difficult spontaneous healing. In our study, aluminum layer coated titanium surfaces were anodized in sulfuric, phosphoric, and oxalic acid, which are the most common used AAO anodization electrolytes. After morphologic, chemical, and mechanical tests on AAO coated Ti substrates, viability, adhesion, and mineralization of adult bone cells on these substrates were analyzed. Besides with atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a sensitive and conformal technique, these surfaces were coated with pure alumina (5 nm); thus, cell studies were performed on ALD-coated nanoporous oxide layers with suppressed ionic content too. Lastly, in order to investigate the effect of the topography on the cell behavior, flat non-porous alumina layers on silicon wafers formed by ALD were compared with the porous ones. Cell viability ratio was similar between anodized surfaces, but pure alumina coated titanium and anodized surfaces showed a higher viability ratio compared to bare titanium and bare anodized ones. Alumina coated titanium surfaces, which anodized in phosphoric acid, showed significantly different mineralization ratios after 21 days over other bare titanium and titanium surfaces which anodized in other electrolytes. Bare titanium was the second surface that had the highest mineralization ratio. Otherwise, titanium, which is anodized in oxalic acid electrolyte, demonstrated the lowest mineralization. No significant difference was shown between bare titanium and anodized surfaces except AAO titanium surface anodized in phosphoric acid. Currently, osteogenic activities of these cells on the genetic level are investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis results of RUNX-2, VEGF, OPG, and osteopontin genes. Also, as a result of the activities of the genes mentioned before, Western Blot will be used for protein detection. Acknowledgment: The project is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title="alumina">alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craniofacial%20implant" title=" craniofacial implant"> craniofacial implant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MG-63%20cell%20line" title=" MG-63 cell line"> MG-63 cell line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osseointegration" title=" osseointegration"> osseointegration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxalic%20acid" title=" oxalic acid"> oxalic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphoric%20acid" title=" phosphoric acid"> phosphoric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphuric%20acid" title=" sulphuric acid"> sulphuric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium" title=" titanium"> titanium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129233/investigation-of-alumina-membrane-coated-titanium-implants-on-osseointegration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3545</span> Synthesis of Ni/Mesopore Silica-Alumina Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Pyrolyzed α-Cellulose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wega%20Trisunaryanti">Wega Trisunaryanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesty%20Kusumastuti"> Hesty Kusumastuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iip%20Izul%20Falah"> Iip Izul Falah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Fajar%20Marsuki"> Muhammad Fajar Marsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmad%20Nuryanto"> Rahmad Nuryanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthesis of Ni supported on mesopore silica-alumina (MSA) for hydrocracking of pyrolyzed α-cellulose had been carried out. The silica and alumina were extracted from Sidoarjo mud. Gelatin from catfish bone was used as a template for the mesopore design. The MSA was synthesized by using hydrothermal method at 100 °C for 24 h and calcined at 550 °C for 4 h then characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometer (XRD) and Nitrogen Gas Sorption Analyzer (GAS). The Ni metal was loaded to the MSA by wet impregnation method. The catalytic activity in the hydrocracking reaction of pyrolyzed α-cellulose was carried out at 450 °C for 2 h. The MSA synthesized in this work is an amorphous material with specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of 212.29 m²/g, 1.29 cm³/g, and 20.05 nm, respectively. The Ni/MSA catalyst produced 73.02 wt.% of liquid product in hydrocracking of pyrolyzed α-cellulose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocracking" title=" hydrocracking"> hydrocracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesopore%20silica-alumina" title=" mesopore silica-alumina"> mesopore silica-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-cellulose" title=" α-cellulose"> α-cellulose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84532/synthesis-of-nimesopore-silica-alumina-catalyst-for-hydrocracking-of-pyrolyzed-a-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3544</span> Various Modification of Electrochemical Barrier Layer Thinning of Anodic Aluminum Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20St%C4%99pniowski">W. J. Stępniowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Florkiewicz"> W. Florkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Norek"> M. Norek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Michalska-Doma%C5%84ska"> M. Michalska-Domańska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ko%C5%9Bciuczyk"> E. Kościuczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Czujko"> T. Czujko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, two options of anodic alumina barrier layer thinning have been demonstrated. The approaches varied with the duration of the voltage step. It was found that too long step of the barrier layer thinning process leads to chemical etching of the nanopores on their top. At the bottoms pores are not fully opened what is disadvantageous for further applications in nanofabrication. On the other hand, while the duration of the voltage step is controlled by the current density (value of the current density cannot exceed 75% of the value recorded during previous voltage step) the pores are fully opened. However, pores at the bottom obtained with this procedure have smaller diameter, nevertheless this procedure provides electric contact between the bare aluminum (substrate) and electrolyte, what is suitable for template assisted electrodeposition, one of the most cost-efficient synthesis method in nanotechnology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodic%20aluminum%20oxide" title="anodic aluminum oxide">anodic aluminum oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20layer%20thinning" title=" barrier layer thinning"> barrier layer thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanopores" title=" nanopores"> nanopores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17451/various-modification-of-electrochemical-barrier-layer-thinning-of-anodic-aluminum-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3543</span> Reactive Fabrics for Chemical Warfare Agent Decomposition Using Particle Crystallization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myungkyu%20Park">Myungkyu Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minkun%20Kim"> Minkun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunghoon%20Kim"> Sunghoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samgon%20Ryu"> Samgon Ryu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, research for reactive fabrics which have the characteristics of CWA (Chemical Warfare Agent) decomposition is being performed actively. The performance level of decomposition for CWA decomposition in various environmental condition is one of the critical factors in applicability as protective materials for NBC (Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical) protective clothing. In this study, results of performance test for CWA decomposition by reactive fabric made of electrospinning web and reactive particle are presented. Currently, the MOF (metal organic framework) type of UiO-66-NH₂ is frequently being studied as material for decomposing CWA especially blister agent HD [Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide]. When we test decomposition rate with electrospinning web made of PVB (Polyvinyl Butiral) polymer and UiO-66-NH₂ particle, we can get very high protective performance than the case other particles are applied. Furthermore, if the repellant surface fabric is added on reactive material as the component of protective fabric, the performance of layer by layered reactive fabric could be approached to the level of current NBC protective fabric for HD decomposition rate. Reactive fabric we used in this study is manufactured by electrospinning process of polymer which contains the reactive particle of UiO-66-NH₂, and we performed crystalizing process once again on that polymer fiber web in solvent systems as a second step for manufacturing reactive fabric. Three kinds of polymer materials are used in this process, but PVB was most suitable as an electrospinning fiber polymer considering the shape of product. The density of particle on fiber web and HD decomposition rate is enhanced by secondary crystallization compared with the results which are not processed. The amount of HD penetration by 24hr AVLAG (Aerosol Vapor Liquid Assessment Group) swatch test through the reactive fabrics with secondary crystallization and without crystallization is 24 and 146μg/cm² respectively. Even though all of the reactive fiber webs for this test are combined with repellant surface layer at outer side of swatch, the effects of secondary crystallization of particle for the reactive fiber web are remarkable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CWA" title="CWA">CWA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chemical%20Warfare%20Agent" title=" Chemical Warfare Agent"> Chemical Warfare Agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20decomposition" title=" gas decomposition"> gas decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20growth" title=" particle growth"> particle growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective%20clothing" title=" protective clothing"> protective clothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactive%20fabric" title=" reactive fabric"> reactive fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swatch%20test" title=" swatch test"> swatch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90603/reactive-fabrics-for-chemical-warfare-agent-decomposition-using-particle-crystallization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3542</span> Preparation of Alumina (Al2O3) Particles and MMCS of (Al-7% Si– 0.45% Mg) Alloy Using Vortex Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmagid%20A.%20Khattabi">Abdulmagid A. Khattabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to study the manner of alumina (Al2O3) particles dispersion with (2-10) mm size in (Al-7%Si-0.45% Mg) base of alloy melt employing of classical casting method. The mechanism of particles diffusions by melt turning and stirring that makes vortexes help the particles entrance in the matrix of base alloy also has been studied. The samples of metallic composites (MMCs) with dispersed particles percentages (4% - 6% - 8% - 10% - 15% and 20%) are prepared. The effect of the particles dispersion on the mechanical properties of produced samples were carried out by tension & hardness tests. It is found that the ultimate tensile strength of the produced composites can be increased by increasing the percentages of alumina particles in the matrix of the base alloy. It becomes (232 Mpa) at (20%) of added particles. The results showed that the average hardness of prepared samples increasing with increases the alumina content. Microstructure study of prepared samples was carried out. The results showed particles location and distribution of it in the matrix of base alloy. The dissolution of Alumina particles into liquid base alloy was clear in some cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20alloy" title="base alloy">base alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix" title=" matrix"> matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20metal%20MMCs" title=" base metal MMCs "> base metal MMCs </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11123/preparation-of-alumina-al2o3-particles-and-mmcs-of-al-7-si-045-mg-alloy-using-vortex-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3541</span> Gas Permeation Behavior of Single and Mixed Gas Components Using an Asymmetric Ceramic Membrane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngozi%20Claribelle%20Nwogu">Ngozi Claribelle Nwogu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Nasir%20Kajama"> Mohammed Nasir Kajama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godson%20Osueke"> Godson Osueke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A unique sol–gel dip-coating process to form an asymmetric silica membrane with improved membrane performance and reproducibility has been reported. First, we deposited repeatedly a silica solution on top of a commercial alumina membrane support to improve its structural make up. The coated membrane is further processed under clean room conditions to avoid dust impurity and subsequent drying in an oven for high thermal, chemical and physical stability. The resulting asymmetric membrane exhibits a gradual change in the membrane layer thickness. Compared to a single-layer process using only the membrane support, the dual-layer process improves both flux and selectivity. For the scientifically significant difficulties of natural gas purification, collective CO2, CH4 and H2 gas fluxes and separation factors obtained gave reasonably excellent values. In addition, the membrane selectively separated hydrogen as demonstrated by a high concentration of hydrogen recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20permeation" title="gas permeation">gas permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20membrane" title=" silica membrane"> silica membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20factor" title=" separation factor"> separation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20layer%20thickness" title=" membrane layer thickness"> membrane layer thickness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25963/gas-permeation-behavior-of-single-and-mixed-gas-components-using-an-asymmetric-ceramic-membrane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3540</span> X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of the Surface Layer on Inconel 625 after Exposition in Molten Salt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Kudrnova">Marie Kudrnova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Petru"> Jana Petru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is part of the international research - Materials for Molten Salt Reactors (MSR) and addresses the part of the project dealing with the corrosion behavior of candidate construction materials. Inconel 625 was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after high–temperature experiment in molten salt. The experiment was performed in a horizontal tube furnace molten salt reactor, at 450 °C in argon, at atmospheric pressure, for 150 hours. Industrially produced HITEC salt was used (NaNO3, KNO3, NaNO2). The XPS study was carried out using the ESCAProbe P apparatus (Omicron Nanotechnology Ltd.) equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) X-ray source. The surface layer on alloy 625 after exposure contains only Na, C, O, and Ni (as NiOx) and Nb (as NbOx BE 206.8 eV). Ni was detected in the metallic state (Ni0 – Ni 2p BE-852.7 eV, NiOx - Ni 2p BE-854.7 eV) after a short Ar sputtering because the oxide layer on the surface was very thin. Nickel oxides can form a protective layer in the molten salt, but only future long-term exposures can determine the suitability of Inconel 625 for MSR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inconel%20625" title="Inconel 625">Inconel 625</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molten%20salt" title=" molten salt"> molten salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxide%20layer" title=" oxide layer"> oxide layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131354/x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy-characterization-of-the-surface-layer-on-inconel-625-after-exposition-in-molten-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3539</span> Effect of Nano-Alumina on the Mechanical Properties of Cold Recycled Asphalt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahab%20Hasani%20Nasab">Shahab Hasani Nasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aran%20Aeini"> Aran Aeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Kermanshahi"> Navid Kermanshahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to reduce road building costs and reduce environmental damage, recycled materials can be used instead of mineral materials in the production of asphalt mixtures. Today, in most parts of the world, cold recycled asphalt with bitumen emulsion, has acceptable results. However, Cold Recycled Asphalt have some deficiency such as stripping, thermal cracking, and rutting. This requires the addition of additives to reduce this deficiency of recycled pavement with emulsified asphalt. In this research, nano-alumina and emulsified asphalt were used to modify the properties of recycled asphalt mixtures according to the technical specifications and the operation of cold recycling. Marshall test methods, dynamic creep test, and resiliency modulus test has been used to obtain the nano-alumina’s effects on asphalt mixture properties. The results show that the addition of nano-alumina would reduce the Marshall stability in samples but increases the rutting resistance. The resiliency modulus increases significantly with this additive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20asphalt" title="cold asphalt">cold asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20recycling" title=" cold recycling"> cold recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-alumina" title=" nano-alumina"> nano-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20creep" title=" dynamic creep"> dynamic creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitumen%20emulsion" title=" bitumen emulsion"> bitumen emulsion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98810/effect-of-nano-alumina-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-cold-recycled-asphalt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3538</span> Influence of Drying Method in Parts of Alumina Obtained for Rapid Prototyping and Uniaxial Dry Pressing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20O.%20Muniz">N. O. Muniz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Vechietti"> F. A. Vechietti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Treccani"> L. Treccani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Rezwan"> K. Rezwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luis%20Alberto%20dos%20Santos"> Luis Alberto dos Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developing new technologies in the manufacture of biomaterials is a major challenge for researchers in the tissue engineering area. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the significance of the porous structure of the biomaterials on the promotion of bone ingrowth. The use of Rapid Prototyping in the manufacture of ceramics in the biomedical area has increased in recent years and few studies are conducted on obtaining alumina pieces. The aim of this work was the study of alumina pieces obtained by 3D printing and uniaxial dry pressing (DP) in order to evaluate porosity achieved by this two different techniques. Also, the influence of the powder drying process was determined. The row alumina powders were drying by freeze drying and oven. Apparent porosity, apparent density, retraction after thermal treatment were evaluated. The porosity values obtained by DP, regardless of method of drying powders, were much lower than those obtained by RP as expected. And for the prototyped samples, the method of powder drying significantly influenced porosities, reached 48% for drying oven versus 65% for freeze-drying. Therefore, the method of 3D printing, using different powder drying, allows a better control over the porosity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rapid%20prototyping" title="rapid prototyping">rapid prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze-drying" title=" freeze-drying"> freeze-drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina" title=" alumina"> alumina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17560/influence-of-drying-method-in-parts-of-alumina-obtained-for-rapid-prototyping-and-uniaxial-dry-pressing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> 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