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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esth%C3%A9tique_ou_philosophie_de_l%27art" title="Esthétique ou philosophie de l'art – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esthétique ou philosophie de l'art" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%99_%EA%B0%95%EC%9D%98" title="미학 강의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미학 강의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estetica_(Hegel)" title="Estetica (Hegel) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estetica (Hegel)" 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait of Hegel by an unidentified artist"><img alt="Portrait of Hegel by an unidentified artist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg/185px-Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg/278px-Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg/370px-Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-top-caption"><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Hegelianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegelianism">Hegelianism</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Forerunners</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Principal <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel_bibliography" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bibliography">works</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel#The_Phenomenology_of_Spirit" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">The Phenomenology of Spirit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel#Science_of_Logic" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">The Science of Logic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel#Philosophical_system" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel#Objective_spirit" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_on_the_Philosophy_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Lectures on the Philosophy of History">Lectures on the Philosophy of History</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Schools</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_idealism" title="Absolute idealism">Absolute idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_idealism" title="British idealism">British idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_idealism" title="German idealism">German idealism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Hegelians" title="Right Hegelians">Right Hegelians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Hegelians" title="Young Hegelians">Young Hegelians</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hegelianism" title="Template:Hegelianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hegelianism" title="Template talk:Hegelianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hegelianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hegelianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Lectures on Aesthetics</b></i> or <i><b>Lectures on Fine Art</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik</i>) is a compilation of notes from university lectures on <a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a> given by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a> in Heidelberg in 1818 and in Berlin in 1820/21, 1823, 1826 and 1828/29. It was compiled in 1835 by his student <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gustav_Hotho" title="Heinrich Gustav Hotho">Heinrich Gustav Hotho</a>, using Hegel's own hand-written notes and notes his students took during the lectures, but Hotho's work may render some of Hegel's thought more systematic than Hegel's initial presentation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Hegel develops his account of art as a mode of absolute spirit that he calls "the beautiful ideal," which he defines most generally as </p><blockquote><p>Now when truth in this its external existence [<i>Dasein</i>] is present to consciousness immediately, and with the concept remains immediately in unity with its external appearance, the Idea is not only true but <i>beautiful</i>. <i>Beauty</i> is determined as the sensible <i>shining</i> of the Idea.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote><p>This ideal is developed throughout the <i>Lectures</i> in accordance to Hegel's <i><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Logic" title="Science of Logic">Logic</a></i>: </p><ol><li>The first <i>universal</i> part is devoted to the concept of the artistic ideal.</li> <li>The second <i>particular</i> part examines this ideal as it actualizes itself in three stages: <ol><li>Symbolic art, understood to encompass everything before Classical Greek art</li> <li>Classical art</li> <li>Romantic art, understood to emerge with the advent of Christianity on the world stage</li></ol></li> <li>The third <i>singular</i> part concerns itself with an examination of each of the five major arts in ascending order of "inwardness": <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a></li> <li>sculpture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a></li> <li>poetry</li></ol></li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor,_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/220px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/330px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/440px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption>Hegel considered <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> as "standing at an unapproachable height" in his portrayal "on the infinite breadth of his 'world-stage'" of his characters as "free artists of their own selves"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegel1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegel1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>In these second two parts of the <i>Lectures</i>, Hegel documents the development of art from the paradigmatically <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolic</a> architecture to the paradigmatically classical <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">romantic</a> arts of painting, music, and <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>. At the time it was noted for the wealth of pictures included with it. </p><p>Contrary to once-common belief, Hegel nowhere declares art to be "dead." What he says, in a representative statement is, "For us art counts no longer as the highest mode in which truth procures existence for itself."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He speaks frequently of its "dissolution" [<i>Auflösung</i>], not its end [<i>Ende</i>], despite Hotho's use of the latter for the heading of the final moment of the Romantic art form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transcripts">Transcripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transcripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg/250px-Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg/375px-Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg/500px-Friedrich_Hegel_mit_Studenten_Lithographie_F_Kugler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a> delivering a lecture at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin University">Berlin University</a> in 1828 (sketch after nature and lithograph by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Theodor_Kugler" title="Franz Theodor Kugler">Franz Kugler</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Lydia Moland<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states that understanding Hegel's theory of aesthetics presents a significant challenge with Hegel scholarship due to the nature of the surviving materials on aesthetics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Hegel lectured on art several times ,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he died before he was able to publish the handbook that he intended to use to accompany the lectures. Apart from his treatment of the "Art Religion" in the <i><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_of_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenomenology of Spirit">Phenomenology of Spirit</a></i>, he only published a brief section on art in the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_the_Philosophical_Sciences_in_Basic_Outline" title="Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Basic Outline">Encyclopedia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his death, one of his former Berlin students, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gustav_Hotho" title="Heinrich Gustav Hotho">Heinrich Gustav Hotho</a>, gathered the lecture notes that Hegel had intended to adapt for publication and combined them with a significant number of student notes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this work has been the standard text for almost 200 years,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more recent studies by <a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Gethmann-Siefert" title="Annemarie Gethmann-Siefert">Annemarie Gethmann-Siefert</a> have shown that there is a significant amount of material in Hotho's text that is not represented in the student notes, and it is unclear how much of the material is originally based on manuscripts that have been lost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the student notes show that Hegel's views on aesthetics evolved over time, while Hotho's text only presents a compiled, synthesized version of Hegel's thought.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A resolution of these interpretative challenges may come from the discovery in 2022 made by Hegel's biographer Klaus Vieweg. More than 4,000 pages of notes from Hegel's lectures at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg University</a> have been discovered in the library of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Munich_and_Freising" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising">Archdiocese of Munich and Freising</a>. These notes mainly deal with aesthetics and were written by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Carov%C3%A9" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Carové">Friedrich Wilhelm Carové</a> between 1816 and 1818. Vieweg argues that this material will help scholars resolve the issue relating to the authenticity of Hotho's transcriptions, which are so far the only source on Hegel's philosophy of art. These new notes are the only ones available dating back to Hegel's teaching period in Heidelberg and will be of use reconstructing the genesis of Hegelian thought on art and its relationship with religion and philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hegel's Aesthetics is regarded by many as one of the greatest aesthetic theories to have been produced since <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hegel's thesis about the historical dissolution of art has been the subject of much scholarly debate and influenced such thinkers like <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Danto" title="Arthur Danto">Arthur Danto</a>. Hegel was himself influenced by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Johann Joachim Winckelmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling</a>. Heidegger calls Hegel's <i>Lectures on Aesthetics</i> "the most comprehensive reflection on the essence of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> that the West possesses".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hegel lectured on art in 1818, 1820-1821, 1823, 1826, and 1829 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017562_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017562-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<i>LA</i> 111/<i>VÄ</i> I.151)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHegel1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHegel1998_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHegel1998">Hegel 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>LA</i> 103/<i>VÄ</i> I.141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoland2017">Moland 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoland2017562-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoland2017562_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoland2017">Moland 2017</a>, p. 562.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTor2022" class="citation news cs1">Tor, Sara (29 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/29/manuscript-treasure-trove-may-offer-fresh-understanding-of-hegel">"Manuscript treasure trove may offer fresh understanding of Hegel"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Manuscript+treasure+trove+may+offer+fresh+understanding+of+Hegel&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft.aulast=Tor&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fnov%2F29%2Fmanuscript-treasure-trove-may-offer-fresh-understanding-of-hegel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Houlgate, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Heidegger, <i>Gesamtausgabe</i>, vol. 5, Frankfurt, 1977, p. 68.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lecture_Trancripts">Lecture Trancripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lecture Trancripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Vorlesung über Ästhetik. Berlin 1820/21. Eine Nachschrift</i>, ed. H. Schneider. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1995.</li> <li><i>Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Kunst</i>, ed. A. Gethmann-Siefert. Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2003.</li> <li><i>Philosophie der Kunst oder Ästhetik. Nach Hegel. Im Sommer 1826. Mitschrift Friedrich Carl Hermann Victor von Kehler</i>, eds. A. Gethmann-Siefert and B. Collenberg-Plotnikov. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2004.</li> <li><i>Philosophie der Kunst. Vorlesung von 1826</i>, eds. A Gethmann-Siefert, J.-I. Kwon and K. Berr. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHegel1998" class="citation book cs1">Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ia4itFh1RhsC"><i>Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art</i></a>. Translated by T.M. Knox. Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823816-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823816-4"><bdi>978-0-19-823816-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aesthetics%3A+Lectures+on+Fine+Art&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-823816-4&rft.aulast=Hegel&rft.aufirst=Georg+Wilhelm+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dia4itFh1RhsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHegel2004" class="citation book cs1">Hegel, G.W.F. (29 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c_XLms_lFHcC"><i>Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-191561-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-191561-6"><bdi>978-0-14-191561-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Lectures+on+Aesthetics&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2004-07-29&rft.isbn=978-0-14-191561-6&rft.aulast=Hegel&rft.aufirst=G.W.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc_XLms_lFHcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Houlgate, Stephen (ed.), 2007, <i>Hegel and the Arts.</i> Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDesmond1986" class="citation book cs1">Desmond, William (1 January 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzWhVs9zTHoC"><i>Art and the Absolute: A Study of Hegel's Aesthetics</i></a>. SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-150-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-150-9"><bdi>978-0-88706-150-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+the+Absolute%3A+A+Study+of+Hegel%27s+Aesthetics&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-150-9&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzWhVs9zTHoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoulgate" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Houlgate, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel-aesthetics/">"Hegel's Aesthetics"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hegel%27s+Aesthetics&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Houlgate&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fhegel-aesthetics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames2011" class="citation book cs1">James, David (3 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=my8qNVh-akQC"><i>Art, Myth and Society in Hegel's Aesthetics</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-6471-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-6471-1"><bdi>978-1-4411-6471-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art%2C+Myth+and+Society+in+Hegel%27s+Aesthetics&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2011-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-6471-1&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmy8qNVh-akQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoland2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Moland, Lydia L. (15 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dS7VDgAAQBAJ">"Hegel's Philosophy of Art"</a>. In Moyar, Dean (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Hegel</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-935523-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-935523-5"><bdi>978-0-19-935523-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hegel%27s+Philosophy+of+Art&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Hegel&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-935523-5&rft.aulast=Moland&rft.aufirst=Lydia+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdS7VDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoland2019" class="citation book cs1">Moland, Lydia L. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uCaeDwAAQBAJ"><i>Hegel's Aesthetics: The Art of Idealism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-084732-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-084732-6"><bdi>978-0-19-084732-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hegel%27s+Aesthetics%3A+The+Art+of+Idealism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-084732-6&rft.aulast=Moland&rft.aufirst=Lydia+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuCaeDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeters2014" class="citation book cs1">Peters, Julia (20 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5EGLBQAAQBAJ"><i>Hegel on Beauty</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-63523-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-63523-9"><bdi>978-1-317-63523-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hegel+on+Beauty&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.isbn=978-1-317-63523-9&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5EGLBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRutter2010" class="citation book cs1">Rutter, Benjamin (29 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8840OLQ2P0EC"><i>Hegel on the Modern Arts</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48978-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48978-2"><bdi>978-1-139-48978-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hegel+on+the+Modern+Arts&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48978-2&rft.aulast=Rutter&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8840OLQ2P0EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Wicks1993" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Robert Wicks (29 January 1993). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1ohAwAAQBAJ">"Hegel's aesthetics: An overview"</a></span>. In Beiser, Frederick C. (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Hegel</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199355228.013.26">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.26</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82495-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82495-8"><bdi>978-1-139-82495-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hegel%27s+aesthetics%3A+An+overview&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Hegel&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993-01-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199355228.013.26&rft.isbn=978-1-139-82495-8&rft.au=Robert+Wicks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN1ohAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bungay" title="Stephen Bungay">Bungay, Stephen</a>, 1984, <i>Beauty and Truth. A Study of Hegel's Aesthetics</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Desmond, William, 1986, <i>Art and the Absolute. A Study of Hegel's Aesthetics</i>. Albany: SUNY Press.</li> <li>Geulen, Eva, 2006, <i>The End of Art. Readings in a Rumor after Hegel</i>, trans. J. McFarland. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács, György</a>, 2002, <i>Hegel's Aesthetics</i>, Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, vol. 23, Nr 2, 87-124.</li> <li>Maker, W. (ed.), 2000. <i>Hegel and Aesthetics</i>. New York.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Pippin">Pippin, Robert</a>, 2009. "The Absence of Aesthetics in Hegel’s Aesthetics", <i>The Cambridge Companion to Hegel and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy </i>, New York <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol9780521831673_CCOL9780521831673A016">[1]</a>.</li> <li>Roche, Mark-William, 1998. <i>Tragedy and Comedy. A Systematic Study and a Critique of Hegel</i>. Albany. New York.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRutter2010" class="citation cs2">Rutter, Benjamin (2010), <i>Hegel on the Modern Arts</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hegel+on+the+Modern+Arts&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Rutter&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALectures+on+Aesthetics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Winfield, Richard Dien, 1995. <i>Systematic Aesthetics</i>. Gainesville, FL, University Press of Florida.</li> <li>Wyss, Beat, 1999, <i>Hegel's Art History and the Critique of Modernity</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_on_Aesthetics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ae/index.htm">Hegel’s Lectures on Aesthetics</a> web version of <i>Selections from Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bosanquet_(philosopher)" title="Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)">Bernard Bosanquet</a> & W.M. Bryant, "The Journal of Speculative Philosophy", 1886; published by <a href="/wiki/Marxists_Internet_Archive" title="Marxists Internet Archive">Marxists Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.lernhelfer.de/sites/default/files/lexicon/pdf/BWS-DEU2-0170-04.pdf">[2]</a> German text in .pdf format.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aesthetics300" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aesthetics" title="Template:Aesthetics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aesthetics" title="Template talk:Aesthetics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aesthetics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aesthetics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aesthetics300" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_aesthetics" title="Ancient aesthetics">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_aesthetic" title="African aesthetic">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_art" title="Mathematics and art">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_aesthetics" title="Medieval aesthetics">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_music" title="Aesthetics of music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_nature" title="Aesthetics of nature">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics_of_science" title="Aesthetics of science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_aesthetics" title="Theological aesthetics">Theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism#Aesthetics" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_aesthetics" title="Marxist aesthetics">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_theory" title="Psychoanalytic theory">Psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_Realism" title="Aesthetic Realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy_and_visual_arts" title="Theosophy and visual arts">Theosophy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Alberti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bal%C3%A1zs" title="Béla Balázs">Balázs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Baudelaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gottlieb_Baumgarten" title="Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten">Baumgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Bell" title="Clive Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Collingwood" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy" title="Ananda Coomaraswamy">Coomaraswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Danto" title="Arthur Danto">Danto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Goodman" title="Nelson Goodman">Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Greenberg" title="Clement Greenberg">Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Hanslick" title="Eduard Hanslick">Hanslick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)" title="Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)">Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Klee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Langer" title="Susanne Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Lipps" title="Theodor Lipps">Lipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xie" title="Liu Xie">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Man" title="Paul de Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pater" title="Walter Pater">Pater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re" title="Jacques Rancière">Rancière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%27ichir%C5%8D_Tanizaki" title="Jun'ichirō Tanizaki">Tanizaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Vasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Winckelmann</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_aestheticians" title="List of aestheticians">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art%27s_sake" title="Art for art's sake">Art for art's sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_manifesto" title="Art manifesto">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_merit" title="Artistic merit">Artistic merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_beauty_ideal" title="Feminine beauty ideal">Feminine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_beauty_ideal" title="Masculine beauty ideal">Masculine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_(style)" title="Camp (style)">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuteness" title="Cuteness">Cuteness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction" title="Depiction">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disgust" title="Disgust">Disgust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(philosophy)" title="Ecstasy (philosophy)">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegance" title="Elegance">Elegance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_emotions" title="Aesthetic emotions">Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroticism" title="Eroticism">Eroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaze" title="Gaze">Gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humour" title="Humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">Interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgment">Judgment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_imitating_art" title="Life imitating art">Life imitating art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">Mimesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">Perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_(philosophy)" title="Quality (philosophy)">Quality</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(visual_arts)" title="Style (visual arts)">Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublime_(philosophy)" title="Sublime (philosophy)">Sublime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taste (sociology)">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy" title="Tragedy">Tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippias_Major" title="Hippias Major">Hippias Major</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(c. 390 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetics_(Aristotle)" title="Poetics (Aristotle)">Poetics</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(c. 335 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Literary_Mind_and_the_Carving_of_Dragons" title="The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons">The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(c. 100)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Sublime" title="On the Sublime">On the Sublime</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(c. 500)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Philosophical_Enquiry_into_the_Origin_of_Our_Ideas_of_the_Sublime_and_Beautiful" title="A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful">A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1757)</span></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lectures on Aesthetics</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1835)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Critic_as_Artist" title="The Critic as Artist">The Critic as Artist</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1891)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Shadows" title="In Praise of Shadows">In Praise of Shadows</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1933)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_as_Experience" title="Art as Experience">Art as Experience</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1934)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Avant-Garde_and_Kitsch" title="Avant-Garde and Kitsch">Avant-Garde and Kitsch</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critical_Essays_(Orwell)" title="Critical Essays (Orwell)">Critical Essays</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1946)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aesthetic_Dimension" title="The Aesthetic Dimension">The Aesthetic Dimension</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1977)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Beauty_Matters" title="Why Beauty Matters">Why Beauty Matters</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticization_of_politics" title="Aestheticization of politics">Aestheticization of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_aesthetics" title="Applied aesthetics">Applied aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_criticism" title="Arts criticism">Arts criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_aesthetics" title="Evolutionary aesthetics">Evolutionary aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_beauty" title="Mathematical beauty">Mathematical beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroesthetics" title="Neuroesthetics">Neuroesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterns_in_nature" title="Patterns in nature">Patterns in nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_design" title="Philosophy of design">Philosophy of design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_film" title="Philosophy of film">Philosophy of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_music" title="Philosophy of music">Philosophy of music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_art" title="Psychology of art">Psychology of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_art" title="Theory of art">Theory of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_aesthetics_articles" title="Index of aesthetics articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_aesthetics" title="Outline of aesthetics">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aesthetics" title="Category:Aesthetics">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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