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class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="يوهان الثاني أمير ليختنشتاين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوهان الثاني أمير ليختنشتاين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_II_de_Liechtenstein" title="Joan II de Liechtenstein – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan II de Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_II._z_Lichten%C5%A1tejna" title="Jan II. z Lichtenštejna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan II. z Lichtenštejna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_2._af_Liechtenstein" title="Johan 2. af Liechtenstein – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johan 2. af Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II._(Liechtenstein)" title="Johann II. (Liechtenstein) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johann II. (Liechtenstein)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II_(Liechtensteini_v%C3%BCrst)" title="Johann II (Liechtensteini vürst) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johann II (Liechtensteini vürst)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD" title="Ιωάννης Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης Β΄ του Λίχτενσταϊν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_II_de_Liechtenstein" title="Juan II de Liechtenstein – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan II de Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_II.a_Liechtensteingoa" title="Joan II.a Liechtensteingoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joan II.a Liechtensteingoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_II_(prince_de_Liechtenstein)" title="Jean II (prince de Liechtenstein) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean II (prince de Liechtenstein)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_II.,_knez_Lihten%C5%A1tajna" title="Ivan II., knez Lihtenštajna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan II., knez Lihtenštajna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II_dari_Liechtenstein" title="Johann II dari Liechtenstein – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johann II dari Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_II_del_Liechtenstein" title="Giovanni II del Liechtenstein – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni II del Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="יוהאן השני, נסיך ליכטנשטיין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוהאן השני, נסיך ליכטנשטיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._J%C3%A1nos_liechtensteini_herceg" title="II. János liechtensteini herceg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. János liechtensteini herceg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_II_van_Liechtenstein" title="Johannes II van Liechtenstein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes II van Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B32%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E5%85%AC)" title="ヨーハン2世 (リヒテンシュタイン公) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーハン2世 (リヒテンシュタイン公)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II_av_Liechtenstein" title="Johann II av Liechtenstein – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johann II av Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_II_Dobry_(ksi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%99_Liechtensteinu)" title="Jan II Dobry (książę Liechtensteinu) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan II Dobry (książę Liechtensteinu)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_II_de_Liechtenstein" title="João II de Liechtenstein – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João II de Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_al_II-lea,_Principe_de_Liechtenstein" title="Johann al II-lea, Principe de Liechtenstein – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johann al II-lea, Principe de Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_II_(%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Иоганн II (князь Лихтенштейна) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоганн II (князь Лихтенштейна)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_II,_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Јохан II, кнез Лихтенштајна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јохан II, кнез Лихтенштајна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhana_II_(Liechtenstein)" title="Juhana II (Liechtenstein) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juhana II (Liechtenstein)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_II_av_Liechtenstein" title="Johan II av Liechtenstein – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johan II av Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="เจ้าชายโยฮันที่ 2 เจ้าผู้ครองลีชเทินชไตน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจ้าชายโยฮันที่ 2 เจ้าผู้ครองลีชเทินชไตน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Johann" title="II. Johann – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Johann" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_II_(%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83)" title="Йоганн II (князь Ліхтенштейну) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоганн II (князь Ліхтенштейну)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_II_x%E1%BB%A9_Liechtenstein" title="Johann II xứ Liechtenstein – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johann II xứ Liechtenstein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB)" title="约翰二世 (列支敦士登) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰二世 (列支敦士登)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q317016#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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searchaux" style="display:none">Prince of Liechtenstein from 1858 to 1929</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Johann II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Troppau" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Troppau">Duke of Troppau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Krnov" title="Duchy of Krnov">Jägerndorf</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Rietberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Rietberg">Count of Rietberg</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_II_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Johann_II_portrait.jpg/220px-Johann_II_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Johann_II_portrait.jpg/330px-Johann_II_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Johann_II_portrait.jpg/440px-Johann_II_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Formal portrait, 1928</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Liechtenstein">Prince of Liechtenstein</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">12 November 1858 – <span class="nowrap">11 February 1929</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aloys_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloys II">Aloys II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franz_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Prime Ministers</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><i>See list</i></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Freiherr_Haus_von_Hausen" title="Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen">Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_In_der_Maur" title="Carl von In der Maur">Carl von In der Maur</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Stellwag_von_Carion" title="Friedrich Stellwag von Carion">Friedrich Stellwag von Carion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Freiherr_von_Imhof" title="Leopold Freiherr von Imhof">Leopold Freiherr von Imhof</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ritter" title="Martin Ritter">Martin Ritter</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Karl_Aloys_of_Liechtenstein" title="Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein">Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Josef_Peer" title="Josef Peer">Josef Peer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ospelt" title="Josef Ospelt">Josef Ospelt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Sch%C3%A4dler" title="Gustav Schädler">Gustav Schädler</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Josef_Hoop" title="Josef Hoop">Josef Hoop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1840-10-05</span>)</span>5 October 1840<br /><a href="/wiki/Lednice" title="Lednice">Eisgrub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Moravia" title="Margraviate of Moravia">Margraviate of Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 February 1929<span style="display:none">(1929-02-11)</span> (aged 88)<br /><a href="/wiki/Valtice" title="Valtice">Valtice</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, <a href="/wiki/Vranov_(Brno-Country_District)" title="Vranov (Brno-Country District)">Vranov</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Johann Maria Franz Placidus</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princely_Family_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Family of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aloys_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Countess_Franziska_Kinsky_of_Wchinitz_and_Tettau" title="Countess Franziska Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau">Countess Franziska Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johann II's signature"><img alt="Johann II's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Johann_II%2C_Prince_of_Liechtenstein_signature.svg/250px-Johann_II%2C_Prince_of_Liechtenstein_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="54" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="110" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johann II</b> (Johann Maria Franz Placidus; 5 October 1840 – 11 February 1929), nicknamed <b>the Good</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Der Gute</i>), was <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Liechtenstein">Prince of Liechtenstein</a> from 12 November 1858 until his death in 1929. </p><p>His reign of 70 years and 91 days is the third-longest of any sovereign monarch in European history, after those of <a href="/wiki/King_Louis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> respectively, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-reigning_monarchs" title="List of longest-reigning monarchs">fourth-longest</a> overall for which exact dates are known (after King Louis, Queen Elizabeth, and <a href="/wiki/King_Bhumibol_Adulyadej" class="mw-redirect" title="King Bhumibol Adulyadej">King Bhumibol Adulyadej</a> respectively). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG/250px-Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG/330px-Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG/500px-Liechtenstein_Johann_II..JPG 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Formal portrait, 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>Johann II was the elder son of <a href="/wiki/Aloys_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Countess_Franziska_Kinsky_of_Wchinitz_and_Tettau" title="Countess Franziska Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau">Countess Franziska Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau</a>. He ascended to the throne shortly after his 18th birthday. Until he was surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> on 9 May 2022, his reign had been the longest precisely documented tenure of any European monarch since antiquity in which a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (that is, a regent serving in place of an underage sovereign) was never employed.<sup id="cite_ref-noregent_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noregent-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although his mother acted as his regent from 10 February 1859 to November 1860,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she was not the regent for a <a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">minor</a>, but was appointed by her son to fulfil his duties because he wished to finish his education before he began his rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_and_reform">Law and reform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Law and reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1862, Johann II issued Liechtenstein's <a href="/wiki/1862_Constitution_of_Liechtenstein" title="1862 Constitution of Liechtenstein">first constitution</a>, which was heavily influenced by the likes of <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and due to significant popular demand, Johann II granted a <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Liechtenstein" title="Constitution of Liechtenstein">new constitution</a>, which was ratified on 5 October 1921. It granted considerable political rights to common Liechtensteiners and made the principality a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NS22_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution has survived but with revisions, most notably in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_affairs">Foreign affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foreign affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liechtenstein left the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> in 1866. Not long afterward, the Liechtenstein Army was abolished as it was regarded as an unnecessary expense. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg/220px-John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg/330px-John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg/440px-John_Quincy_Adams_-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_F%C3%BCrsten_Johann_II._von_Liechtenstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1926" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams_(painter)" title="John Quincy Adams (painter)">John Quincy Adams</a>, 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1867, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II of Russia</a> had offered Johann the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Russian_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Alaska">Russian Alaska</a>, but he refused as he believed the territory was useless.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johann II somewhat cooled relations with Liechtenstein's traditional ally, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> and its successor states, to forge closer relations with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, particularly after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. Liechtenstein was neutral during the war, which broke Liechtenstein's alliance with <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> and led it to go into a customs union with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. In 1924, late in Johann's reign, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a> became Liechtenstein's official currency.<sup id="cite_ref-politics_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patron_of_arts">Patron of arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Patron of arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johann II, an outstanding art connoisseur and a generous patron, added much to the Liechtenstein Princely Collections. Although considered a prominent patron of the arts and sciences during his long reign,<sup id="cite_ref-patron_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patron-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johann II was also considered to be rather unsociable and did not participate in social events. Rarely did he show up in his magnificent <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> residences, <a href="/wiki/Stadtpalais_Liechtenstein" title="Stadtpalais Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein City Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein Museum">Liechtenstein Garden Palace</a>. He also never assumed any tasks in Austrian politics or the Austrian military, and he never married or had any children like several other members of his family.<sup id="cite_ref-social_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-social-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1884, he rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Castle_(Maria_Enzersdorf)" title="Liechtenstein Castle (Maria Enzersdorf)">Liechtenstein Castle</a>, the ancestral seat of his family near Vienna, which had fallen into ruins. Between 1905 and 1920, <a href="/wiki/Schloss_Vaduz" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Vaduz">Schloss Vaduz</a> was renovated and expanded. Like all of his ancestors he never lived in the principality of Liechtenstein, but on the vast Austrian and Moravian estates of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Liechtenstein" title="House of Liechtenstein">House of Liechtenstein</a> which were 7.5 times the total area of the Principality itself. His main homes were the castles of <a href="/wiki/Lednice%E2%80%93Valtice_Cultural_Landscape" title="Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape">Lednice and Valtice</a> (German names: Eisgrub and Feldsberg) in what is today the Czech Republic (then part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> with the Austrian-Bohemian border running through the park between the two castles). The local administration of the Principality was overseen by a governor, and the government office was located at the prince's seat. It was not until the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">German occupation of the Czech lands</a> at the beginning of World War II that the residence was moved to Vaduz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declining_health_and_death">Declining health and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Declining health and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Johann entered his later years, his eyesight began to decline rapidly and on 12 November 1928, he underwent surgery to remove <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataracts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 11 February 1929 and was succeeded by his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Franz_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg/50px-UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg/75px-UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg/100px-UK_Royal_Guelphic_Order_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Guelphic_Order" title="Royal Guelphic Order">Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order</a>, <i>1860</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Kingdom of Hanover</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hannover1865_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hannover1865-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg/50px-Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg/75px-Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg/100px-Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Knight of the Golden Fleece</a>, <i>1862</i> (<a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg/50px-Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg/75px-Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg/100px-Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Stephen_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Stephen of Hungary">Grand Cross of St. Stephen</a>, <i>1896</i> (<a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bavaria012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bavaria012.png/50px-Bavaria012.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bavaria012.png/75px-Bavaria012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Bavaria012.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Hubert">Knight of St. Hubert</a>, <i>1882</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMOM-gcs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SMOM-gcs.svg/50px-SMOM-gcs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SMOM-gcs.svg/75px-SMOM-gcs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/SMOM-gcs.svg/100px-SMOM-gcs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion (<a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-p55_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p55-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-noregent-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noregent_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Liechtenstein.htm">"Liechtenstein"</a>. <i>www.worldstatesmen.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldstatesmen.org&rft.atitle=Liechtenstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FLiechtenstein.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohann+II%2C+Prince+of+Liechtenstein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Geiger: Geschichte des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1848 bis 1866. In: Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins für das Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Band 70. Vaduz 1970, S. 242 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120801133841/http://www.fuerstundvolk.li/fuv/fuv.do?site=421172c06f221000996d610c1957690b">"Fürst und Volk - eine liechtensteinische Staatskunde"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fuerstundvolk.li/fuv/fuv.do?site=421172c06f221000996d610c1957690b">the original</a> on 1 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%BCrst+und+Volk+-+eine+liechtensteinische+Staatskunde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fuerstundvolk.li%2Ffuv%2Ffuv.do%3Fsite%3D421172c06f221000996d610c1957690b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohann+II%2C+Prince+of+Liechtenstein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeattie2004" class="citation book cs1">Beattie, David (4 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mBnZwAEACAAJ"><i>Liechtenstein: A Modern History</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85043-459-7"><bdi>978-1-85043-459-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liechtenstein%3A+A+Modern+History&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2004-09-04&rft.isbn=978-1-85043-459-7&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmBnZwAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohann+II%2C+Prince+of+Liechtenstein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NS22-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NS22_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen" title="Dieter Nohlen">Nohlen, D</a> & Stöver, P (2010) <i>Elections in Europe: A data handbook</i>, p1156 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8329-5609-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8329-5609-7">978-3-8329-5609-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2853991.stm">Liechtenstein prince wins powers</a> BBC News Online, 16 March 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLanger2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Langer, Matthias (2019). <i>Das Fürstentum Liechtenstein</i> (in German). 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HIS EYESIGHT NEARLY GONE At 88 He May Undergo an Operation for Removal ofCataracts"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 13 November 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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HE PAID TAXES OF PEOPLE Often Was Unseen Host at Lavish Entertainments--Grandnephew May Succeed Him"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 12 February 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Berenberg. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAFTAAAAcAAJ/page/n97/mode/2up">79</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hof-+und+Staatshandbuch+f%C3%BCr+das+K%C3%B6nigreich+Hannover%3A+1865&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Berenberg&rft.date=1865&rft.au=Staat+Hannover&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_bAFTAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohann+II%2C+Prince+of+Liechtenstein" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoettger" class="citation web cs1">Boettger, T. 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id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hofundstaatshan00landgoog/page/n37">Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern</a></i> (1908), "Königliche Orden" p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p55-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p55_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justus Perthes, <i>Almanach de Gotha</i> (1922) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/almanachdegotha1922goth/page/54">p. 55</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28Johann+II%2C+Prince+of+Liechtenstein%29%20OR%20%28%221840-1929%22%20AND%20Liechtenstein%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107100157/http://www.fuerstenhaus.li/en/fuerstenhaus/fuersten/fuerst_johann_2.html">Princely House of Liechtenstein</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Princely_Family_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Family of Liechtenstein">House of Liechtenstein</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 5 October 1840</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 11 February 1929</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aloys_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Aloys II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes of Liechtenstein">Prince of Liechtenstein</a> </b><br />1858–1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Franz_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz I</a></div> </td></tr> 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Liechtenstein">Monarchs of Liechtenstein</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Karl I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Eusebius,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein">Karl Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Adam_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Hans-Adam I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wenzel_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Joseph Wenzel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Florian,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein">Anton Florian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Johann_Adam,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Joseph Johann Adam, Prince of Liechtenstein">Joseph Johann Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Karl,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Johann Nepomuk Karl, Prince of Liechtenstein">Johann Nepomuk Karl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wenzel_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Joseph Wenzel I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloys_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Aloys I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Aloys I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_I_Joseph,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein">Johann I Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloys_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Aloys II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johann II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_I,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Franz Joseph II</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hans-Adam_II,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein">Hans-Adam II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317016#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1749" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117003360">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2003016302">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16766123t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16766123t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2007394755&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/66118">Vatican</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/117003360.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117003360">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Liechtenstein</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" 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