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<li id="toc-Pre-Columbian_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-Columbian era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_European_incursions_and_founding_of_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_European_incursions_and_founding_of_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early European incursions and founding of the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_European_incursions_and_founding_of_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_Santa_Cruz_and_revolutionary_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_Santa_Cruz_and_revolutionary_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Colonial Santa Cruz and revolutionary war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_Santa_Cruz_and_revolutionary_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سانتا كروز دي لا سييرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سانتا كروز دي لا سييرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Kru_Sierra_pegua" title="Santa Kru Sierra pegua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Santa Kru Sierra pegua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Krus" title="Santa Krus – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Santa Krus" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B4%D1%8D-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта-Крус-дэ-ла-Сьера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Санта-Крус-дэ-ла-Сьера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта Крус де ла Сиера – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Санта Крус де ла Сиера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B" title="སན་ཏ་ཁུ་རུ་སི་དེ་ལ་སི་ཨེ་ར་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སན་ཏ་ཁུ་རུ་སི་དེ་ལ་སི་ཨེ་ར་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_(kapital_sa_departamento)" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (kapital sa departamento) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (kapital sa departamento)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_(Bolivia)" title="Santa Cruz (Bolivia) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Santa Cruz (Bolivia)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%BB%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Σάντα Κρους ντε λα Σιέρρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάντα Κρους ντε λα Σιέρρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_(Bolivia)" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_(%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C)" title="سانتا کروس د لا سیرا (بولیوی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سانتا کروس د لا سیرا (بولیوی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%ED%83%80%ED%81%AC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EB%8D%B0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%90%EB%9D%BC" title="산타크루스데라시에라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산타크루스데라시에라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1_%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_%D5%A4%D5%A5_%D5%AC%D5%A1_%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1_(%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Սանտա Կրուս դե լա Սիեռա (Բոլիվիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սանտա Կրուս դե լա Սիեռա (Բոլիվիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Сантæ-Крус-де-ла-Сьеррæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сантæ-Крус-де-ла-Сьеррæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="סנטה קרוס דה לה סיירה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנטה קרוס דה לה סיירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90-%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%93%E1%83%94-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="სანტა-კრუს-დე-ლა-სიერა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სანტა-კრუს-დე-ლა-სიერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santakrusa_de_la_Sjerra" title="Santakrusa de la Sjerra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Santakrusa de la Sjerra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Krus_de_la_Siera" title="Santa Krus de la Siera – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Santa Krus de la Siera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_(Bol%C3%ADvia)" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolívia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolívia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта Крус де ла Сиера – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Санта Крус де ла Сиера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9D_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="सांता क्रुझ (बोलिव्हिया) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सांता क्रुझ (बोलिव्हिया)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سانتا كروز دى لا سييرا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سانتا كروز دى لا سييرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Bolivia" title="Santa Cruz, Bolivia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Santa Cruz, Bolivia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_(Bolivia)" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A9" title="サンタ・クルス・デ・ラ・シエラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンタ・クルス・デ・ラ・シエラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьерра – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьерра" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa-krus" title="Santa-krus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Santa-krus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8,_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਸਾਂਤਾ ਕਰੂਸ, ਬੋਲੀਵੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਂਤਾ ਕਰੂਸ, ਬੋਲੀਵੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_(miasto_w_Boliwii)" title="Santa Cruz (miasto w Boliwii) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Santa Cruz (miasto w Boliwii)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Kurus_llaqta" title="Santa Kurus llaqta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Santa Kurus llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьерра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьерра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Bolivia" title="Santa Cruz, Bolivia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Santa Cruz, Bolivia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سانتا کروز دی لا سیێرا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سانتا کروز دی لا سیێرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта Круз де ла Сијера – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Санта Круз де ла Сијера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE" title="சான்ட்டா குரூசு டெ லா சியேறா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான்ட்டா குரூசு டெ லா சியேறா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьерра – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьерра" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ซานตากรุซเดลาซิเอร์รา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซานตากรุซเดลาซิเอร์รา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьєрра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Санта-Крус-де-ла-Сьєрра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="سانتا کروز دے لا سیئرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سانتا کروز دے لا سیئرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Krus_de_la_Sjerr" title="Santa Krus de la Sjerr – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Santa Krus de la Sjerr" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_(Bolivia)" title="Santa Cruz (Bolivia) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Santa Cruz (Bolivia)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%EF%BC%89" title="圣克鲁斯（玻利维亚） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣克鲁斯（玻利维亚）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&params=17_48_S_63_11_W_type:city(3115386)_region:BO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°48′S</span> <span class="longitude">63°11′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.800°S 63.183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.800; -63.183</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Bolivia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Spanish municipality, see <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra,_Spain" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Spain">Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Spain</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous city and municipality in Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Autonomous city and municipality</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edificios_en_Equipetrol,_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra,_Bolivia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Edificios_en_Equipetrol%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia.jpg/268px-Edificios_en_Equipetrol%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Edificios_en_Equipetrol%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia.jpg/402px-Edificios_en_Equipetrol%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Edificios_en_Equipetrol%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia.jpg/536px-Edificios_en_Equipetrol%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Equipetrol neighborhood</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo,_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/95px-Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/143px-Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/190px-Catedral_bas%C3%ADlica_de_San_Lorenzo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2938" data-file-height="3917" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Lawrence,_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Cathedral Basilica of St. Lawrence, Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Cathedral Basilica of St. Lawrence</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_del_Pueblo,_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Casa_del_Pueblo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/169px-Casa_del_Pueblo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Casa_del_Pueblo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/254px-Casa_del_Pueblo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Casa_del_Pueblo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/338px-Casa_del_Pueblo%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3972" data-file-height="2979" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Casa de Gobierno</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/172px-Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/258px-Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/344px-Gobierno_Aut%C3%B3nomo_Municipal_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2752" data-file-height="2202" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Municipal City Hall</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristo_Redentor,_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cristo_Redentor%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/92px-Cristo_Redentor%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cristo_Redentor%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/138px-Cristo_Redentor%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cristo_Redentor%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg/184px-Cristo_Redentor%2C_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="1581" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Cristo Redentor</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra,_Bolivia_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia_%28cropped%29.jpg/536px-Vista_A%C3%A9rea_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra%2C_Bolivia_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Aerial view of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and the <a href="/wiki/Piray_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Piray River">Piray River</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Santa Cruz de la Sierra"><img alt="Flag of Santa Cruz de la Sierra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg/100px-Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg/150px-Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg/200px-Flag_of_Santa_Cruz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Santa Cruz de la Sierra"><img alt="Coat of arms of Santa Cruz de la Sierra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg/61px-Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg/92px-Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg/123px-Escudo_de_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="810" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolivia_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in Bolivia"><img alt="Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bolivia_physical_map.svg/250px-Bolivia_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bolivia_physical_map.svg/375px-Bolivia_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bolivia_physical_map.svg/500px-Bolivia_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="901" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.667%;left:55.049%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra"><img alt="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Santa Cruz de la Sierra</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Bolivia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bolivia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in South America"><img alt="Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in South America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.18%;left:44.746%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra"><img alt="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Santa Cruz de la Sierra</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Santa Cruz de la Sierra (South America)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South America</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_location_map_(equirectangular_180).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in Earth"><img alt="Santa Cruz de la Sierra is located in Earth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/250px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/375px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg/500px-World_location_map_%28equirectangular_180%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:59.889%;left:32.449%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra"><img alt="Santa Cruz de la Sierra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Santa Cruz de la Sierra</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Earth)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Earth</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&params=17_48_S_63_11_W_type:city(3115386)_region:BO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°48′S</span> <span class="longitude">63°11′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.800°S 63.183°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.800; -63.183</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Bolivia" title="Departments of Bolivia">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Department_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)">Santa Cruz Department</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bolivia" title="Provinces of Bolivia">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Province" title="Andrés Ibáñez Province">Andrés Ibáñez</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Bolivia" title="Municipalities of Bolivia">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">February 26, 1561</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Municipal Autonomous Government</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Jhonny Fernandez</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,345 km<sup>2</sup> (519 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">400 m (1,300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024 Census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,115,386</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,300/km<sup>2</sup> (6,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2023</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$23.3 billion<sup id="cite_ref-TelluBase_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelluBase-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$12,800</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">BOT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+591) 3</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2016)</th><td class="infobox-data">0,827 <span style="color:#009900"><b>Very High</b></span> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmsantacruz.gob.bo/">www<wbr />.gmsantacruz<wbr />.gob<wbr />.bo</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Santa Cruz de la Sierra</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈsanta<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkɾus<span class="wrap"> </span>ðe<span class="wrap"> </span>la<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsjera]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Holy Cross of the Mountain Range</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), commonly known as <b>Santa Cruz</b>, is the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Department_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)">Santa Cruz department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situated on the <a href="/wiki/Pirai_River_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirai River (Bolivia)">Pirai River</a> in the eastern Tropical Lowlands of Bolivia, the Santa Cruz de la Sierra Metropolitan Region is the most populous urban agglomeration in Bolivia with an estimated population of 2.4 million<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2020. It is formed out of a conurbation of seven Santa Cruz municipalities: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, <a href="/wiki/La_Guardia,_Bolivia" title="La Guardia, Bolivia">La Guardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warnes,_Bolivia" title="Warnes, Bolivia">Warnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotoca" title="Cotoca">Cotoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Torno,_Santa_Cruz" title="El Torno, Santa Cruz">El Torno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porongo" title="Porongo">Porongo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montero,_Bolivia" title="Montero, Bolivia">Montero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city was first founded in 1561 by Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/%C3%91uflo_de_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ñuflo de Chavez">Ñuflo de Chavez</a> about 200 km (124 mi) east of its current location, and was moved several times until it was finally established on the <a href="/wiki/Piray_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Piray River">Pirai River</a> in the late 16th century. For much of its history, Santa Cruz was mostly a small outpost town, and even after Bolivia gained its independence in 1825 there was little attention from the authorities or the population in general to settle the region. It was not until after the middle of the 20th century with profound agrarian and land reforms that the city began to grow at a very fast pace. Due to its low elevation at the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> and being situated in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a>, the city has a <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Climate">tropical climate</a> unlike the other main metro area of <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a> that is thousands of meters higher in terms of elevation. </p><p>Santa Cruz is Bolivia's most populous city, produces nearly 35% of Bolivia's <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">gross domestic product</a>, and receives over 40% of all <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> in the country. The city is the most important business center in Bolivia and the country's principal destination for national and international migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian_era">Pre-Columbian era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Special:EditPage/Santa Cruz de la Sierra">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Like much of the history of the people of the region, the history of the area before the arrival of European explorers is not well documented, mostly because of the somewhat nomadic nature and the absence of a <a href="/wiki/Written_language" title="Written language">written language</a> in the culture of the local tribes. However, recent data suggests that the current location of the city of Santa Cruz was inhabited by an <a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a> tribe that later came to be known by the Spanish as <a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A9" title="Chané">Chané</a>. Remains of ceramics and weapons have been found in the area, leading researchers to believe they had established settlements in the area. Among the few known facts of these tribes, according to accounts of the first Spanish explorers that came into contact with the Chané, are that they had a formal leader, a <i>cacique</i>, called Grigotá for several years but his reign came to an end after one of the several <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bolivian_Guarani" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bolivian Guarani">Guarani</a> (Chiriguano) incursions in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_European_incursions_and_founding_of_the_city">Early European incursions and founding of the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early European incursions and founding of the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_(1534-1539).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_%281534-1539%29.svg/220px-Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_%281534-1539%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_%281534-1539%29.svg/330px-Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_%281534-1539%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_%281534-1539%29.svg/440px-Gobernaciones_espa%C3%B1olas_en_Am%C3%A9rica_del_Sur_%281534-1539%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>The <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Adelantado" title="Adelantado">adelantado</a></i></span> grants of <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> before the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Europeans to set foot in the area were Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistadores" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadores">conquistadores</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> from the recently created <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia" title="Governorate of New Andalusia">Governorate of New Andalusia</a> that encompassed the territories of present-day Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Chile.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1549, Captain General <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Martinez_de_Irala" class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo Martinez de Irala">Domingo Martinez de Irala</a> became the first Spaniard to explore the region, but it was not until 1558 that <a href="/wiki/%C3%91uflo_de_Chaves" title="Ñuflo de Chaves">Ñuflo de Chavez</a>, who had arrived in <a href="/wiki/Asuncion" class="mw-redirect" title="Asuncion">Asunción</a> in 1541 with <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a>, led a new expedition with the objective of settling the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After discovering that a new expedition from Asuncion was already underway, he quickly traveled to <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> and successfully persuaded the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> to create a new province and grant him the title of governor on February 15, 1560.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Upon returning from Lima, Chavez founded the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Holy Cross of the Hills) on February 26, 1561, 220 km (137 mi) east of its present-day location, to function as the capital of the newly formed province of <a href="/wiki/Moxos_Province" title="Moxos Province">Moxos</a> and Chaves. The settlement was named after Chaves's <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra,_Spain" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Spain">home town</a> in <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, where he grew up before venturing to America.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Shortly after the founding, attacks from local tribes became commonplace and Ñuflo de Chaves was killed in 1568 by Itatine natives. After Chaves's death, the conflicts with the local population as well as power struggles in the settlement forced the authorities in Peru to order the new governor, Lorenzo Suarez de Figueroa to relocate the city to the west. Many of the inhabitants, however, chose to stay behind and continued living in the original location. On September 13, 1590, the city was officially moved to the banks of the Guapay Empero river and renamed San Lorenzo de la Frontera. Nevertheless, the conditions proved to be even more severe at the new location forcing the settlers to relocate once again on May 21, 1595. Although this was the final relocation of the city, the name San Lorenzo continued to be used until the early 17th century, when the settlers who remained behind in Santa Cruz de la Sierra were convinced by the colonial authorities to move to San Lorenzo. After they moved the city was finally consolidated in 1622 and took its original name of Santa Cruz de la Sierra given by Ñuflo de Chaves over 60 years before. Remnants of the original settlement can be visited in Santa Cruz la Vieja ("Old Santa Cruz"), an archaeological site south of San José de Chiquitos.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_Santa_Cruz_and_revolutionary_war">Colonial Santa Cruz and revolutionary war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial Santa Cruz and revolutionary war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignacio_Warnes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ignacio_Warnes.jpg/170px-Ignacio_Warnes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ignacio_Warnes.jpg/255px-Ignacio_Warnes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Ignacio_Warnes.jpg/340px-Ignacio_Warnes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="887" data-file-height="1220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Warnes" title="Ignacio Warnes">Ignacio Warnes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Over the next 200 years, several tribes were either incorporated under Spanish control or defeated by force.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The city also became an important staging point for <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit reductions">Jesuit missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chiquitos" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiquitos">Chiquitos</a> and Moxos, leading to the conversion of thousands of Guaranies, Moxeños, Chiquitanos, <a href="/wiki/Guarayos" title="Guarayos">Guarayos</a> and Chiriguanos that eventually became part of the racially mixed population of the modern Santa Cruz, <a href="/wiki/Beni_Department" title="Beni Department">Beni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pando_Department" title="Pando Department">Pando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarija_Department" title="Tarija Department">Tarija</a> departments of Bolivia. Another important role the small town played in the region for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> was to contain the incursions of Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Bandeirantes" title="Bandeirantes">Bandeirantes</a>, many of which were repelled by the use of force over the years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The efforts for consolidating the borders of the Empire were not overlooked by the authorities in Lima, who granted the province a great degree of autonomy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The province was ruled by a Captain General based in Santa Cruz, and, in turn, the city government was administered by two mayors and a council of four people. Citizens of Santa Cruz were exempt from all imperial taxes and the <a href="/wiki/Mita_(Inca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mita (Inca)">mita</a> system used in the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a> was not practiced. However, in spite of its strategic importance, the city did not grow much in colonial times. Most of the economic activity was centered in the mining centers of the west and the main source of income of the city was agriculture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Animosity towards imperial authorities began at the turn of the 18th century when the new system of <a href="/wiki/Intendencia#Spanish_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Intendencia">intendencias</a> reached the new world. The seat of government was taken away from the city and moved to <a href="/wiki/Cochabamba" title="Cochabamba">Cochabamba</a>, and many of the powers delegated by the viceroyalty were now in the hands of appointees of the crown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Like in many parts of Spanish America at the time, angered by the reforms the criollos saw as a threat to their way of life, and taking advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, the local population, led by Antonio Vicente Seonane, revolted on September 24, 1810, overthrowing the governor delegate. A junta of local commanders took control of the government in his place. The revolutionaries, as it was the case with most of the revolts in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>, remained loyal to the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>, while repudiating the colonial authorities until after the end of the Peninsular War.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By 1813 the city was once again under imperial control. At this time, by order of General <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Belgrano" title="Manuel Belgrano">Manuel Belgrano</a>, the revolutionary armies of Argentina sent a small force led by <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Warnes" title="Ignacio Warnes">Ignacio Warnes</a> to "liberate" Santa Cruz. After his successful campaign, he assumed control of the government of the city. In a little over a year Warnes was able to gather tremendous support from the population, enlisting criollos, mestizos and natives to the revolutionary army, and allying with the revolutionary leader of <a href="/wiki/Vallegrande" title="Vallegrande">Vallegrande</a>, Alvarez de Arenales, to defeat a strong imperial force in the Battle of Florida. This victory proved to be a serious blow to Spanish forces in the region. Nevertheless, two years after the victory of Florida, imperial forces launched a new offensive in the province led by Francisco Javier Aguilera. This campaign ended with the defeat and death of Ignacio Warnes and his forces in the Battle of Pari. Triumphant, Aguilera marched into the city with orders to quell the insurrection and reinstate the Spanish governor. This proved to be a very difficult task, with several revolutionary leaders, such as Jose Manuel "Cañoto" Baca and Jose Manuel Mercado, rising up in the coming years from the city itself and elsewhere in the province. These new leaders fought colonial authorities for seven years until they finally deposed the last Spanish governor, Manuel Fernando Aramburu, in February 1825 after news of the defeat of the imperial armies in the west had reached the city.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg/220px-SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg/330px-SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg/440px-SantaCruzBoliviaFromTheISS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Santa Cruz, seen from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city is located in the eastern part of Bolivia (17°45', South, 63°14', West) at around 400 m above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is part of the province of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrés Ibáñez">Andrés Ibáñez</a> and the capital of the department of Santa Cruz. The city of Santa Cruz is located not far from the easternmost extent of the Andes Mountains and they are visible from some parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen-Geiger climate classification system">Köppen</a>: <i>Am</i>), with an average annual temperature around 25 °C (77 °F) and all months above of 18 °C or 64.4 °F . Santa Cruz is an example of the influence of continentality (reflecting the <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature#Temperature_range" title="Atmospheric temperature">thermal amplitude</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropics</a>, without the four well-defined seasons of the year but greater deviations of temperature than other places in the coast or island.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the weather is generally very warm all year round, cold winds called "surazos" can blow in occasionally (particularly in the winter) from the Argentine <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">pampas</a> making the temperature drop considerably. The months of greatest rainfall are December and January. The average annual rainfall is 1,321 mm (52 in).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Santa Cruz sits at the edge of the Codo de Arica, where winds are particularly strong in Bolivia. Annual variations in temperature and precipitation are common, as is the case across much of the region. Annual precipitation in recent history has varied between 900 and 2,300 millimetres (35 and 91 in). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Santa Cruz de la Sierra, elevation 416 m (1,365 ft), (1971–2009) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(101.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.9<br />(65.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #00D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">196.5<br />(7.74) </td> <td style="background: #00F700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.3<br />(6.31) </td> <td style="background: #27FF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144.6<br />(5.69) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.4<br />(4.54) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.2<br />(3.75) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3<br />(2.14) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.9<br />(2.20) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.8<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.0<br />(4.69) </td> <td style="background: #05FF05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.2<br />(6.39) </td> <td style="background: #00DA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.9<br />(7.71) </td> <td style="background: #47FF47; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,453.3<br />(57.22) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">121.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.2 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.7 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.0 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.3 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.5 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.9 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.2 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.8 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164.4 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.3 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.8 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,011.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia<sup id="cite_ref-SENAMHI_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SENAMHI-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SENAMHI2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SENAMHI2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png/220px-Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png/330px-Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png/440px-Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra_de_noche.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>Santa Cruz at night</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Santa Cruz is, besides being the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, the one with the greatest mestizo and Creole identity, and with a smaller indigenous population. The first settlers of Santa Cruz were mainly the Native <a href="/wiki/Chane_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chane people">Chane people</a> of East Bolivia followed by the Spaniards that accompanied Ñuflo de Chávez, as well as <a href="/wiki/Guarani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarani people">Guarani</a> natives from <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, and other native American groups that previously lived there working for the Spanish crown. Eventually, the Spanish settlers and native people of Bolivia began to mix which has resulted in the majority of the city population being <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a>. When the Spanish settlers arrived to Bolivia, <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, as well as the Spanish language, were implemented onto the natives which is now why the city is predominantly Catholic and speak Spanish. Nevertheless, native religions and languages are still used by a minority of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a distinction between the ethno-demographic profile of the Santa Cruz de la Sierra region, marked by the mestizo, Spanish and eastern indigenous presence, in relation to the population of the Bolivian Altiplano, western part of the country mostly Andean indigenous with a smaller mestizo and Spanish presence. However, in the last 60 years, large migrations from the western regions of Bolivia to Santa Cruz have transformed the demographics of the city and department redefining its social and ethnic spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, external migration has also become noticeable in Santa Cruz. Immigrants in Bolivia, especially in Santa Cruz have mainly originated from <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torres_CAINCO2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Torres_CAINCO2.png/170px-Torres_CAINCO2.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Torres_CAINCO2.png/255px-Torres_CAINCO2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Torres_CAINCO2.png/340px-Torres_CAINCO2.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>CAINCO Towers</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra has utility infrastructure, roads and highways, and lively shopping and businesses. The main sectors that drive the economy are oil, forestry companies, <a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agribusiness</a>, and construction. Santa Cruz contributes more than 80% of national agricultural production, and also has contributed over 35% of GDP in recent years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Santa Cruz de la Sierra is served by Bolivia's largest airport, the <a href="/wiki/Viru_Viru_International_Airport" title="Viru Viru International Airport">Viru Viru International Airport</a>, with service on 14 airlines, 10 of which are from other countries, and 12 of them being passenger ones and two being cargo-only airlines. The airline <a href="/wiki/AeroSur_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="AeroSur (Bolivia)">AeroSur</a> had its headquarters in Santa Cruz.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airline ceased operations in May 2012 and has been replaced by <a href="/wiki/Boliviana_de_Aviaci%C3%B3n" title="Boliviana de Aviación">Boliviana de Aviación</a>, which flies from Santa Cruz to <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>. </p><p>It was formerly linked with the Brazilian railway system through a line to <a href="/wiki/Corumb%C3%A1,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Corumbá, Brazil">Corumbá, Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This line, which was reputed to have a poor safety record, was abandoned after a highway to the Brazilian border was built in the 1980s. </p><p>Bolivia's largest <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping mall</a>, the Ventura Mall is located in the city of Santa Cruz.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Special:EditPage/Santa Cruz de la Sierra">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Santa Cruz de la Sierra is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a><sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Edinburgh_twinning_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edinburgh_twinning-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Campinas" title="Campinas">Campinas</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Argentina" title="Córdoba, Argentina">Córdoba</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1,_Entre_R%C3%ADos" title="Paraná, Entre Ríos">Paraná</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/La_Plata" title="La Plata">La Plata</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salta" title="Salta">Salta</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="San Miguel de Tucumán">Tucumán</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tainan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tainan City">Tainan City</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Asunción">Asunción</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arica" title="Arica">Arica</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Villahermosa" title="Villahermosa">Villahermosa</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bucaramanga" title="Bucaramanga">Bucaramanga</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_People">Notable People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udalrico_Zambrana" title="Udalrico Zambrana">Udalrico Zambrana</a> (born 1938) - poet</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TelluBase-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TelluBase_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bol.pdf">"TelluBase—BoliviaFact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tellusant<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bo.undp.org/content/bolivia/es/home/presscenter/articles/2016/03/28/para-leer-y-ver-el-informe-sobre-desarrollo-humano.html">the original</a> on 3 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bo.undp.org&rft.atitle=Para+leer+y+ver+el+informe+sobre+desarrollo+humano+%26%23124%3B+el+PNUD+en+Bolivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bo.undp.org%2Fcontent%2Fbolivia%2Fes%2Fhome%2Fpresscenter%2Farticles%2F2016%2F03%2F28%2Fpara-leer-y-ver-el-informe-sobre-desarrollo-humano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.gob.bo/indice/visualizador.aspx?ah=PC20103.HTM">"National Statistics Institute. Population Projections by Department and Municipality"</a>. INE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009185250/http://www.ine.gob.bo/indice/visualizador.aspx?ah=PC20103.HTM">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Statistics+Institute.+Population+Projections+by+Department+and+Municipality&rft.pub=INE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.gob.bo%2Findice%2Fvisualizador.aspx%3Fah%3DPC20103.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.gob.bo/index.php/censos-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion-sociales/">"Bolivia: Proyecciones de Población según Departamento y Municipio, 2012-2020"</a>. <i>INE Bolivia</i> (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inecloud.ine.gob.bo/owncloud/index.php/s/HLnakP9fWjUlM4S/download">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=INE+Bolivia&rft.atitle=Bolivia%3A+Proyecciones+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+seg%C3%BAn+Departamento+y+Municipio%2C+2012-2020.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.gob.bo%2Findex.php%2Fcensos-y-proyecciones-de-poblacion-sociales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eldeber.com.bo/189938_ocho-municipios-de-la-region-metropolitana-de-santa-cruz-se-unen-y-demandan-atencion-economica-al-go">"Ocho municipios de la región metropolitana de Santa Cruz se unen y demandan atención económica al Gobierno nacional | EL DEBER"</a>. <i>eldeber.com.bo</i> (in Spanish). 13 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eldeber.com.bo&rft.atitle=Ocho+municipios+de+la+regi%C3%B3n+metropolitana+de+Santa+Cruz+se+unen+y+demandan+atenci%C3%B3n+econ%C3%B3mica+al+Gobierno+nacional+%7C+EL+DEBER&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feldeber.com.bo%2F189938_ocho-municipios-de-la-region-metropolitana-de-santa-cruz-se-unen-y-demandan-atencion-economica-al-go&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cainco.org.bo/publicaciones/Estudios/04-Santa%20Cruz.pdf">"The Contributions of Santa Cruz to Bolivia (Spanish only)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CAINCO. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524100242/http://www.cainco.org.bo/publicaciones/Estudios/04-Santa%20Cruz.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2011-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Contributions+of+Santa+Cruz+to+Bolivia+%28Spanish+only%29&rft.pub=CAINCO&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cainco.org.bo%2Fpublicaciones%2FEstudios%2F04-Santa%2520Cruz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNino_Gandarilla1995" class="citation book cs1">Nino Gandarilla (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geograficasantacruz.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Santa-Cruz-en-los-Umbrales-del-Desarrollo.pdf"><i>Santa Cruz en los umbrales del desarrollo</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Proyecciones RRPP. p. 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402102227/http://www.geograficasantacruz.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Santa-Cruz-en-los-Umbrales-del-Desarrollo.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santa+Cruz+en+los+umbrales+del+desarrollo&rft.place=Santa+Cruz+de+la+Sierra&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Proyecciones+RRPP&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Nino+Gandarilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geograficasantacruz.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F08%2FSanta-Cruz-en-los-Umbrales-del-Desarrollo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329011812/http://www.elmundo.com.bo/Secundarianew.asp?edicion=26%2F02%2F2006&Tipo=Comunidad&Cod=4858">"Fundación de Santa Cruz de la Sierra: una historia épica del Siglo XV"</a>. <i>El Mundo</i>. 29 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.com.bo/Secundarianew.asp?edicion=26/02/2006&Tipo=Comunidad&Cod=4858">the original</a> on 2012-03-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=Fundaci%C3%B3n+de+Santa+Cruz+de+la+Sierra%3A+una+historia+%C3%A9pica+del+Siglo+XV&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.com.bo%2FSecundarianew.asp%3Fedicion%3D26%2F02%2F2006%26Tipo%3DComunidad%26Cod%3D4858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNino_Gandarilla1995" class="citation book cs1">Nino Gandarilla (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geograficasantacruz.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Santa-Cruz-en-los-Umbrales-del-Desarrollo.pdf"><i>Santa Cruz en los umbrales del desarrollo</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Proyecciones RRPP. p. 46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402102227/http://www.geograficasantacruz.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Santa-Cruz-en-los-Umbrales-del-Desarrollo.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santa+Cruz+en+los+umbrales+del+desarrollo&rft.place=Santa+Cruz+de+la+Sierra&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Proyecciones+RRPP&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Nino+Gandarilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geograficasantacruz.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F08%2FSanta-Cruz-en-los-Umbrales-del-Desarrollo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/report/globedocumentationmanual.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712122311/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/report/globedocumentationmanual.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fmgg%2Ftopo%2Freport%2Fglobedocumentationmanual.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMather1922" class="citation journal cs1">Mather, Kirtley F. (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/207974">"Along the Andean Front in Southeastern Bolivia"</a>. <i>Geographical Review</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 358–374. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1922GeoRv..12..358M">1922GeoRv..12..358M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F207974">10.2307/207974</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/207974">207974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Review&rft.atitle=Along+the+Andean+Front+in+Southeastern+Bolivia&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=358-374&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F207974%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F207974&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1922GeoRv..12..358M&rft.aulast=Mather&rft.aufirst=Kirtley+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F207974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=54258&cityname=Santa+Cruz,+Bolivia">"Santa Cruz, Bolivia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103004/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=54258&cityname=Santa+Cruz,+Bolivia">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Santa+Cruz%2C+Bolivia+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D54258%26cityname%3DSanta%2BCruz%2C%2BBolivia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamczykKlugeGarecaReichle2011" class="citation journal cs1">Abrahamczyk, Stefan; Kluge, Jürgen; Gareca, Yuvinka; Reichle, Steffen; Kessler, Michael (2011-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206942">"The Influence of Climatic Seasonality on the Diversity of Different Tropical Pollinator Groups"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>6</b> (11): e27115. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...627115A">2011PLoSO...627115A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027115">10.1371/journal.pone.0027115</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206942">3206942</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22073268">22073268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Climatic+Seasonality+on+the+Diversity+of+Different+Tropical+Pollinator+Groups&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e27115&rft.date=2011-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3206942%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PLoSO...627115A&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22073268&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027115&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Abrahamczyk&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Kluge%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Gareca%2C+Yuvinka&rft.au=Reichle%2C+Steffen&rft.au=Kessler%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3206942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellLema2017" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, P.; Lema, T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Base+de+datos+Sistema+Meteorol%C3%B3gico%E2%80%93SISMET&rft.pub=Servicio+Nacional+de+Meteorolog%C3%ADa+e+Hidrolog%C3%ADa+de+Bolivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsenamhi.gob.bo%2Findex.php%2Fsismet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SENAMHI2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SENAMHI2_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/542708736/Indices-Agrometeorologicos-149-Estaciones">"índices climáticos para 149 estaciones meteorológicas en Bolivia"</a> (in Spanish). Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología de Bolivia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%ADndices+clim%C3%A1ticos+para+149+estaciones+meteorol%C3%B3gicas+en+Bolivia&rft.pub=Servicio+Nacional+de+Meteorolog%C3%ADa+e+Hidrolog%C3%ADa+de+Bolivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F542708736%2FIndices-Agrometeorologicos-149-Estaciones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al Margen de mis Lecturas, by Marcelo Terceros Banzer. Published September 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/sociedad/en-70-anos-santa-cruz-paso-de-244-mil-habitantes-a-mas-de-3-millones-y-la-migracion-sigue-407505">"En 70 años, Santa Cruz pasó de 244 mil habitantes a más de 3 millones, y la migración sigue"</a>. <i>Agenciade Noticias Fides</i>. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agenciade+Noticias+Fides&rft.atitle=En+70+a%C3%B1os%2C+Santa+Cruz+pas%C3%B3+de+244+mil+habitantes+a+m%C3%A1s+de+3+millones%2C+y+la+migraci%C3%B3n+sigue&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticiasfides.com%2Fnacional%2Fsociedad%2Fen-70-anos-santa-cruz-paso-de-244-mil-habitantes-a-mas-de-3-millones-y-la-migracion-sigue-407505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/migracion/inmigracion/bolivia#:~:text=Los%20inmigrantes%20en%20Bolivia%20proceden,en%20Bolivia%2C%20no%20ha%20variado.">"Aumenta el número de inmigrantes en Bolivia"</a>. <i>Datos Macro</i>. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Datos+Macro&rft.atitle=Aumenta+el+n%C3%BAmero+de+inmigrantes+en+Bolivia&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatosmacro.expansion.com%2Fdemografia%2Fmigracion%2Finmigracion%2Fbolivia%23%3A~%3Atext%3DLos%2520inmigrantes%2520en%2520Bolivia%2520proceden%2Cen%2520Bolivia%252C%2520no%2520ha%2520variado.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aerosur.com/en/index.php?cat=172&pla=1">Contact Information</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130075437/http://www.aerosur.com/en/index.php?cat=172&pla=1">Archived</a> 2010-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/AeroSur_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="AeroSur (Bolivia)">AeroSur</a>. Retrieved on February 27, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Eisenberg" class="extiw" title="es:Daniel Eisenberg">Eisenberg, Daniel</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Spanish]</span> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31844350">"Bolivia"</a>. <i>Journal of Hispanic Philology</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 193–198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hispanic+Philology&rft.atitle=Bolivia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=193-198&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31844350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venturamall.bo/">"..::: Ventura Mall :::."</a> <i>www.venturamall.bo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.venturamall.bo&rft.atitle=..%3A%3A%3A+Ventura+Mall+%3A%3A%3A..&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.venturamall.bo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328001653/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities">"<i>Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities</i>"</a>. 2008 The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/internet/city_living/CEC_twin_and_partner_cities">the original</a> on 28 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edinburgh+%E2%80%93+Twin+and+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=2008+The+City+of+Edinburgh+Council%2C+City+Chambers%2C+High+Street%2C+Edinburgh%2C+EH1+1YJ+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburgh.gov.uk%2Finternet%2Fcity_living%2FCEC_twin_and_partner_cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edinburgh_twinning-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edinburgh_twinning_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614133841/http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3">"Twin and Partner Cities"</a>. City of Edinburgh Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/695/council_information_performance_and_statistics/685/european_international_and_parliamentary_relations/3">the original</a> on 14 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twin+and+Partner+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Edinburgh+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinburgh.gov.uk%2Finfo%2F695%2Fcouncil_information_performance_and_statistics%2F685%2Feuropean_international_and_parliamentary_relations%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Eisenberg" class="extiw" title="es:Daniel Eisenberg">Eisenberg, Daniel</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Spanish]</span> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/31844350">"Bolivia"</a>. <i>Journal of Hispanic Philology</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 193–198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hispanic+Philology&rft.atitle=Bolivia&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=193-198&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F31844350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gutsch, Jochen-Martin, "Im Labyrinth der Unordnung" [In the Labyrinth of Disorder]. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 5 December 2005, pp. 144–50.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra,_Bolivia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia">Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra#Q170688" class="extiw" title="voy:Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmsantacruz.gob.bo/">Official city government site</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Santa Cruz de la Sierra"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra">"Santa Cruz de la Sierra" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Santa+Cruz+de+la+Sierra&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Cruz+de+la+Sierra" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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