Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation

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For MoS material on pronouns, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pronouns" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Pronouns</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"> <b>This <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br> <div style="font-size: 90%;"> Editors should generally follow it, though <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">exceptions</a> may apply. <i>Substantive</i> edits to this page should reflect <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:PGCHANGE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PGCHANGE">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">this guideline's talk page</a>. </div> </div></td> <td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:PRON"></span><span id="MOS:IPA"></span><span id="WP:MOSPRON"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:PRON%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:PRON</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:IPA%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:MOSPRON%26redirect%3Dno">WP:MOSPRON</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="sidebar-title"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-image"> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""> <form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"> <div class="cdx-text-input"> <input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"> </div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"> </form> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> By topic area </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sidebar-heading"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a> </div> <div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-below"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="sidebar-navbar"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Pronunciation</b> in Wikipedia should be transcribed using the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA), except in the particular cases noted below.</p> <p>For <b>English</b> pronunciations, broad <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diaphonemic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaphonemic">diaphonemic</a> transcriptions should be used; these are intended to provide a correct interpretation regardless of the reader's accent. The system for doing this is outlined at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a>, and the first instance should include a link to that page; for example: <b>England</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>). This should be done using the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia respelling system</a>, using the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Respell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Respell">respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template, can be used in addition to the IPA.</p> <p>Phonetic transcriptions are not always the best way to render pronunciation. For brand names which are intended to be respellings of an existing word, it is better to provide that word than a phonetic transcription. Similarly, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acronym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#initialism" title="Acronym">initialisms</a> are better spelled out than transcribed. In both situations this will generally be unambiguous, and accessible to more of our readers.</p> <p>For <b>non-English</b> pronunciations, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonetics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonetics">phonetic transcription</a> is normally used, with a link to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a> or to various language-specific IPA keys. If <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoneme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> transcriptions are used, these require a link to a description of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonology">phonology</a> of the language in question, as otherwise the symbols used may be ambiguous.</p> <p>Other options are to link to the corresponding entry in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiktionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, or to include an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Audio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Audio">audio file</a> together with the transcription. Consider that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">Wikipedia is not a dictionary</a> when thinking of adding a pronunciation to an article; also, if the pronunciation is included in the main article, it is best not to repeat it in various sub-articles. Besides the clutter, subsequent edits may result in contradictory pronunciations.</p> <p><b>See also:</b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>—a non-technical introduction to the symbols used in the IPA for languages other than English</li> <li>The more detailed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects</a>—a good place for English-speakers to start learning IPA</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">Help:IPA/Conventions for English</a>—this compares Wikipedia's IPA conventions with the in-house conventions found in various dictionaries</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Pronunciation respelling for English</a>—this compares the IPA with non-IPA transcriptions found in various American dictionaries</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonetic_transcription?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonetic transcription">Phonetic transcription</a>—explains the difference between phonemic, phonetic, and morphological transcriptions, and broad vs narrow transcriptions</li> </ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Appropriate_use"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Appropriate use</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#IPA_style"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">IPA style</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distinction_between_varieties_of_English"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Distinction between varieties of English</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Non-English_names"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Non-English names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tone"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tone</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Other_transcription_systems"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other transcription systems</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Placement"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Placement</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Opening_of_lead"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Opening of lead</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Footnote"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Footnote</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Infobox"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Infobox</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">IPA templates on Wikipedia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#English"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">English</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Other_languages"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other languages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cleanup"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Cleanup</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Entering_IPA_characters"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Entering IPA characters</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Numeric_entry"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Numeric entry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Resources"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Resources</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Related_templates"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Related templates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Appropriate_use" data-mw-thread-id="h-Appropriate_use"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Appropriate_use"></span>Appropriate use<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Appropriate_use"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section § Pronunciation</a> </div> <p>Normally, pronunciation is given only for the subject of the article in its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Lead section">lead section</a>. For non-English words and names, use the pronunciation key for the appropriate language. If a common English rendering of the non-English name exists (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>), its pronunciation, if necessary, should be indicated before the non-English one. For English words and names, pronunciation should normally be omitted for common words or when obvious from the spelling; use it only for loanwords from other languages (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coup_d%27etat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup d'etat">coup d'etat</a>), names with counterintuitive pronunciation (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leicester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a>), or very unusual words (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Synecdoche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>).</p> <p>Pronunciation should be indicated sparingly, as parenthetical information disturbs the normal flow of the text and introduces clutter. In the article text, it should be indicated only where it is directly relevant to the subject matter, such as describing a word's etymology or explaining a pun. Less important pronunciations should be omitted altogether, relegated to a footnote, or to a dedicated section in the article or infobox. Articles about <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonology">phonology</a> and other aspects of a language may normally use pronunciation keys throughout the text, as appropriate.</p> <p>Do not include pronunciations for names of countries whose pronunciations are well known in English (France, Poland). Do not include them for common English words just because they have pronunciations that might be counterintuitive for those learning the English language (laughter, sword). If the name consists of more than one word, include pronunciation only for the words that need it (all of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_van_Heijenoort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean van Heijenoort">Jean van Heijenoort</a> but only <i>Cholmondeley</i> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_P._G._Cholmondeley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas P. G. Cholmondeley">Thomas P. G. Cholmondeley</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="IPA_style" data-mw-thread-id="h-IPA_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-IPA_style"></span>IPA style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-IPA_style"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Whenever the IPA appears in an article, it should be contained within the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template. This allows software to tell the text is in IPA, and registered users to assign a different font to display the IPA symbols. The [brackets] should be inside the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template for uniformity of the font.</p> <p>When using the IPA, provide an explanation for the reader. If there are multiple instances of IPA in an article, you may want to use the template <code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA notice">IPA notice</a>}}</code> at the top of the page. However, if there are only a few instances of IPA, you may instead wish to use a template to link the first to one of the help keys, such as:</p> <ul> <li><code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a>|fr|ɛɡzɑ̃pl}}</code></li> </ul> <p>This yields:</p> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɛɡzɑ̃pl]</a></span></li> </ul> <p>Without the label:</p> <ul> <li><code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a>|fr|ɛɡzɑ̃pl|}}</code></li> </ul> <p>yields:</p> <ul> <li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɛɡzɑ̃pl]</a></span></li> </ul> <p>If the first parameter is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IETF_language_tag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IETF language tag">IETF language tag</a> and the second a transcription, as in the above, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> automatically provides a label and, if a dedicated key for the language exists, links the transcription to the key.</p> <p>Audio samples may be included in the IPA template as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|audio=</code>.</p> <p>When a specific <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phone (phonetics)">phonetic</a> pronunciation is indicated, as in non-English names, this is marked by square brackets. Normally a reader will not know the structure of the language in question well enough for a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoneme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> transcription in slashes to be useful. The use of slashes is only permitted in cases where the pronunciation represents <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phoneme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a>, as in broad transcriptions of English. However, phonetic transcriptions of English may be useful to represent a specific accent, local or historical pronunciations, or how a person pronounces their own name. For example, the English name <i>Florence</i> would normally be given the generic transcription <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>, but in the case of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florence_Nightingale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a> we have a recording of her saying her name, and she pronounces it <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈflɒɾəns]</span>, with a flapped ar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>]</span> that is no longer the norm in English. Non-universal pronunciations such as these should be clearly marked for what they are.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Distinction_between_varieties_of_English" data-mw-thread-id="h-Distinction_between_varieties_of_English-IPA_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Distinction_between_varieties_of_English-IPA_style"></span>Distinction between varieties of English<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Distinction_between_varieties_of_English-IPA_style"></span></h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dialect_variation" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English § Dialect variation</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:DIAPHONEMIC"></span><span id="MOS:RHOTIC"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:DIAPHONEMIC%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:DIAPHONEMIC</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:RHOTIC%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:RHOTIC</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>It is often possible to transcribe a word in a generic way that is not specific to any one accent, e.g. <i>Oxford</i> as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>. Speakers of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Non-rhotic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-rhotic">non-rhotic</a> accents, as in much of Australia, England, New Zealand, and Wales, will pronounce the second syllable <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[fəd]</span>, those with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Father%E2%80%93bother_merger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Father–bother merger"><i>father</i>–<i>bother</i> merger</a>, as in much of the US and Canada, will pronounce the first syllable <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɑːks]</span>, and those with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cot%E2%80%93caught_merger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cot–caught merger"><i>cot</i>–<i>caught</i> merger</a> but without the <i>father</i>–<i>bother</i> merger, as in Scotland and Boston, will pronounce the first syllable <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɔːks]</span>, but since such variation on the part of the speaker is automatic, it need not be spelled out in a simple pronunciation guide to a key word in an article. Indeed, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a> key, designed for readers who are unfamiliar with the IPA, simply defines the sequence <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span> as the sound at the end of <i>letter</i>, and warns that it may not be distinct from <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> for many people. That is, there is little point in transcribing <i>Oxford</i> as <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɒksfərd]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɒksfəd]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɑːksfərd]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɑːksfəd]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɔːksfərd]</span>, or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɔːksfəd]</span>, depending on accent</span>, and this would add a considerable amount of clutter to the article.</p> <p>If the pronunciation in a specific accent is desired, square brackets may be used, perhaps with a link to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English_dialects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a>, which describes several national standards, or with a comment that the pronunciation is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_American?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">General American</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Received_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_English_phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian English phonology">Australian English</a>, etc. Local pronunciations are of particular interest in the case of place names. If there are both local and national or international standards, it may be beneficial to list both. As long as a transcription is linked to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a> key, the conventions of the key should be used—even if the pronunciation itself is only found in certain locations—so that it can be pronounced in other accents as well.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Non-English_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-English_names-IPA_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-English_names-IPA_style"></span>Non-English names <span class="anchor" id="Foreign_names"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-English_names-IPA_style"></span></h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MOS:LEADLANG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LEADLANG">Manual of Style/Lead section § Other languages</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:DUALPRON"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:DUALPRON%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:DUALPRON</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>When a non-English name has a set English pronunciation (or pronunciations), include both the English and non-English pronunciations; the English transcription must always be first. If the native name is different from the English name, the native transcription must appear after the native name.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre>'''<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>''' ({{IPAc-en|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˌ|v|ɛ|n|ə|ˈ|z|w|eɪ|l|ə</span>}}; {{langx|es|República Bolivariana de Venezuela}}, {{IPA|es|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">reˈpuβlika<span class="wrap"> </span>βoliβaˈɾjana<span class="wrap"> </span>ðe<span class="wrap"> </span>βeneˈswela</span>|pron}}) </pre> <p>which gives: <b>Venezuela</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">República Bolivariana de Venezuela</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[reˈpuβlika<span class="wrap"> </span>βoliβaˈɾjana<span class="wrap"> </span>ðe<span class="wrap"> </span>βeneˈswela]</a></span>)</p> <p>Similarly,</p> <pre>'''Nikita Khrushchev''' ({{IPAc-en|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n|ɪ|ˈ|k|iː|t|ə|_|ˈ|k|r|ʊ|ʃ|tʃ|ɛ|f</span>}}; {{lang-rus|Никита Хрущёв}} {{IPA|ru|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">nʲɪˈkʲitə<span class="wrap"> </span>xrʊˈɕːɵf</span>|}}) </pre> <p>gives: <b>Nikita Khrushchev</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>; Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Никита Хрущёв</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[nʲɪˈkʲitə<span class="wrap"> </span>xrʊˈɕːɵf]</a></span>)</p> <p>Transcriptions should always have a label identifying which language they are transcribing, with the exception of English. They are normally given in the national or international standard of the language in question, unless there is a reason to give a more local pronunciation. For example, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Help:IPA/Spanish</a> key generally uses <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castilian_Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian Spanish</a> as its standard, for <i>Venezuela</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[beneˈθwela]</span>, but the local pronunciation of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[beneˈswela]</span> may be considered more relevant. If a local pronunciation is transcribed, it should be marked as such:</p> <pre>'''Venezuela''' ({{IPA|es|<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">beneˈswela</span>|local}}) </pre> <dl> <dd> <b>Venezuela</b> ( <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[beneˈswela]</a></span>) </dd> </dl> <p>If the key doesn't cover the IPA symbols used in the transcription of a local pronunciation, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|generic=yes</code> must be given, so it links to the generic key (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>) instead.</p> <p>However, in language articles such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a>, where the phonology is made explicit, examples may be given in either phonetic or phonemic notation, depending on the point being made, as the reader will have the information available to make sense of either. If for some reason it is desired to indicate the pronunciation of a non-English word phonemically in a non-linguistic article, a link should be provided to the phonology of the language in question.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tone" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tone-IPA_style"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tone-IPA_style"></span>Tone<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tone-IPA_style"></span></h3> </div> <p>Tone should always be included in the transcriptions of tonal languages. Because tone numbers are ambiguous—the reader may not know whether <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ma4]</span> is supposed to be high tone, low tone, or a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tone_number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tone number">tone number</a>, for example—IPA transcriptions should use diacritic marks (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[má]</span>) or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tone_letter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tone letter">tone letters</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ma˦]</span>), unless the article explains the numbering system.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Other_transcription_systems" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_transcription_systems"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_transcription_systems"></span>Other transcription systems<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_transcription_systems"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>If a language is not usually written in the Latin alphabet, an official <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanization">romanization</a> may exist for it. For example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">Royal Thai General System of Transcription</a>. In such cases, both the romanisation and the IPA rendering may be given.</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:RESPELL"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:RESPELL%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:RESPELL</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>For English words, transcriptions based on English spelling ("pronunciation respellings") such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">prə-<span style="font-size:90%">NUN</span>-see-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>-shən</i></a> (using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Respell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Respell">respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>) may be used, but only in addition to the IPA (<span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>). Whatever system is used, any transcription should link to an explanation of its symbols, since such symbols are not universally understood.</p> <p>For other languages, only the IPA is normally used. Respelling non-English pronunciations into English is inadequate and misleading. If an English respelling is given for a Welsh or Māori name, not only would it be bad Welsh or Māori but the implication would be that it's the <i>English</i> pronunciation. Nonetheless, an <i>ad hoc</i> description of a non-English language word in that language is permitted. An example is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renault_4CV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renault 4CV">Renault 4CV</a>. This is called the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Quatre chevaux</i></span> in French, but the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">re</i></span> is elided, so the French pronunciation can be clarified with "pronounced <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">quat'chevaux</i></span>" (this appearing with the French IPA transcription <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/French">[kat.ʃəvo]</a></span>, assuming the editor finds that worth including).</p> <p><i>Ad hoc</i> descriptions such as "rhymes with <i>both</i>" or "rhymes with <i>paid</i>" may be useful for describing English sounds, but many such descriptions (e.g. "rhymes with <i>bath</i>", "rhymes with <i>caught</i>") will be interpreted differently depending on the reader's accent, so caution is advised, and this approach should not be used alone.</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:HOMONYM"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:HOMONYM%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:HOMONYM</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>However, when a name is <i>intended</i> to be a homonym of an existing English word or phrase, as is the case with many brand names and entertainers' names, giving that word or phrase may be all that is needed:<br>      <code>The '''<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motorola_Razr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motorola Razr">Motorola Razr</a>''' (styled '''RAZR''', pronounced "razor")</code> produces: The <b>Motorola Razr</b> (styled <b>RAZR</b>, pronounced "razor")</p> <p>Nonetheless, even here some cases may be ambiguous. For example:<br>      <code>'''<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kioti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kioti">Kioti Tractor</a>''' ({{IPAc-en|k|aɪ|'|oʊ|t|i}} "coyote")</code> produces: <b>Kioti Tractor</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> "coyote")</p> <p>If the IPA was omitted, it would not be clear which of the pronunciations of <i>coyote</i> is intended. In such cases, combining the IPA with the intended homonym may be needed. These should <i>not</i> be formatted with the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Respell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Respell">respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template, as they do not follow that format. For example:<br>      <code>'''<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Coke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Coke">Peter John Coke</a>''' ({{IPAc-en|'|k|ʊ|k}} "cook")</code> produces: <b>Peter John Coke</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> "cook")<br> There, the "cook" should not be formatted with the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Respell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Respell">respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template, because then it would need to be <code>{{respell|KUUK}}</code> (giving <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KUUK</span></i></a>) to match the key it is linked to.</p> <p>Places where other systems without the IPA are often appropriate are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Initialism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Initialism">initialisms</a> and names composed of numbers or symbols. This is because the names of the letters, numbers, and symbols can be spelled out in normal English orthography in a way that makes the pronunciation unambiguous across dialects. For example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dead_on_arrival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dead on arrival">Dead on arrival</a> (DOA) may be better explained as "(an initialism: <i>D-O-A</i>)" rather than as the equally correct but less accessible <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>. Similarly:<br>      <code>'''<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%2B%2B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C++">C++</a>''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|iː|ˌ|p|l|ʌ|s|ˈ|p|l|ʌ|s}} "cee plus plus")</code><br>      produces: <b>C++</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> "cee plus plus")</p> <p>Rather than solely using the less accessible <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>. Similarly:<br>      <code>'''javac''' (pronounced "java-cee")</code> produces: <b>javac</b> (pronounced "java-cee")</p> <p>See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letters_of_the_English_alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of the English alphabet">English alphabet#Letters</a> for how the names of the letters of the alphabet are spelled.</p> <p>Similarly, the dispute over how to pronounce the <i>X</i> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacOS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> may be better described as <i>ten</i> versus <i>ex</i> rather than as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> versus <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>. In the case of <i>Z</i>, spelling out the letter as <i>zee</i> or <i>zed</i> is sufficient, if only one is considered correct.</p> <p>Respelling should also be avoided when a respelled syllable would be the same as an existing word that is pronounced differently. "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maui">Maui</a>" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> respelled as <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MOW</span>-ee</i>, "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metonymy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a>" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> as <i title="English pronunciation respelling">meh-<span style="font-size:90%">TON</span>-im-ee</i>, and "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cobalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> as <i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOH</span>-bolt</i> are susceptible to being misinterpreted as <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>, because of the existing words "mow", "ton", and "bolt", so only IPA should be provided for such words, if any.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Placement" data-mw-thread-id="h-Placement"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Placement"></span>Placement<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Placement"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:PRONPLACEMENT"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:PRONPLACEMENT%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:PRONPLACEMENT</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Opening_of_lead" data-mw-thread-id="h-Opening_of_lead-Placement"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Opening_of_lead-Placement"></span>Opening of lead<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Opening_of_lead-Placement"></span></h3> </div> <p>Transcriptions are frequently placed immediately after the head words of the article in dictionary format:</p> <dl> <dd> <b>London</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LUN</span>-dən</i></a>) is the... </dd> </dl> <p>or even,</p> <dl> <dd> <b>London</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> is the... </dd> </dl> <p>This method is good when the pronunciation can be adequately covered in a short parenthetic string. However, this method can become distracting, especially when alternate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonetic_transcription?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonetic transcription">transcription</a> conventions are used, if there are regional differences, or if the pronunciation is otherwise not straightforward. In such cases, other options are better. Some articles, such as <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halley%27s_Comet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halley's Comet">Halley's Comet</a></i>, have a naming or pronunciation section that covers pronunciation explicitly. In other cases the pronunciation is given in the lead, but in a second dedicated sentence, leaving the first sentence unencumbered to define the term.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Footnote" data-mw-thread-id="h-Footnote-Placement"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Footnote-Placement"></span>Footnote<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Footnote-Placement"></span></h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:PRONFOOTNOTE"></span><span id="MOS:PRONFOOT"></span><span id="MOS:PRONFN"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:PRONFOOTNOTE%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:PRONFOOTNOTE</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:PRONFOOT%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:PRONFOOT</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:PRONFN%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:PRONFN</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>Another possibility is to relegate everything beyond the most common pronunciation to a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Footnotes">footnote</a>, or to remove all of it to a footnote. Examples:</p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><b>Greenwich Village</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GREN</span>-itch</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GREN</span>-ij</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GRIN</span>-itch</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GRIN</span>-ij</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-ahd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ahd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in New York often simply called "<b>the Village</b>"...</p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><b>Greenwich Village</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>pron 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in New York often simply called "<b>the Village</b>"...</p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><b>Franklin Delano Roosevelt</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROH</span>-zə-velt</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROH</span>-zə-vəlt</i></a>; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), also known by his initials, <b>FDR</b>, was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">32nd</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1933–1945).</p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><b>Franklin Delano Roosevelt</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), also known by his initials, <b>FDR</b>, was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">32nd</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_the_United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1933–1945).</p> <p>In the latter of each example, the pronunciation can be read in a footnote. It needs to be listed in the notes or references section with the appropriate wikitext immediately after the heading, in a new line, using <code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Notelist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Notelist">notelist</a>}}</code>, <references/>, or <references group=pron/> if it's a named reference (changing "pron" to the relevant text). If this is not done an error notice would appear when previewing the edits or after the fact when accessing the editing window. When this happens, the footnote cannot be accessed at its location.</p> <dl> <dt> Notes </dt> </dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced variously <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GREN</span>-itch</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GREN</span>-ij</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GRIN</span>-itch</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GRIN</span>-ij</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ahd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ahd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li> </ol> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROH</span>-zə-velt</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROH</span>-zə-vəlt</i></a> </span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <dl> <dt> References </dt> </dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ahd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ahd_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ahd_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q%3DGreenwich%2BVillage">American Heritage Dictionary entry "Greenwich Village"</a></span></li> </ol> </div> <p>See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:REFNOTE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFNOTE">WP:REFNOTE</a> for help with embedding references within footnotes like this.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Infobox" data-mw-thread-id="h-Infobox-Placement"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Infobox-Placement"></span>Infobox<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Infobox-Placement"></span></h3> </div> <p>Several infobox templates provide for a pronunciation entry. In such articles there is generally no need to repeat it in the lead. Examples:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Infobox_medical_condition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Infobox medical condition">Template:Infobox medical condition</a>: <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psoriasis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a></b></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Infobox_element?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Infobox element">Template:Infobox (chemical) element</a>: <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tungsten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></b></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Infobox_scientist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Infobox scientist">Template:Infobox scientist</a> (Using meta-infobox <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Infobox_person?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Infobox person">Template:Infobox person</a>): <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (July 2024)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia" data-mw-thread-id="h-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span>IPA templates on Wikipedia<span data-mw-comment-end="h-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>The IPA should always be enclosed within an IPA template. This ensures proper formatting across browsers; it also enables editors to more easily find and review IPA transcriptions.</p> <p>There are several types of IPA template. The simplest is <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, which merely formats the enclosed text. It is normally used when the reader can be expected to follow the IPA, either because it's found in an article on phonology where the symbols are defined, because the article is tagged with <code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA notice">IPA notice</a>}}</code>, or because an earlier instance of IPA in the text was enclosed with one of the following templates, which are designed to be more useful to the reader than the generic IPA notice.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="English" data-mw-thread-id="h-English-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-English-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span>English<span data-mw-comment-end="h-English-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span></h3> </div> <p>For more aid to the reader, there are multiple templates specific to various languages. For generic English, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> should be used, which will link the notation to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a>, which is a key of established conventions for transcription of English on Wikipedia, and automates conversion to IPA and provides mouse-over keys. A description of the various parameters of these templates, such as marking a pronunciation as American, British, or local, or adding sound files, can be found on the template page. When using any key-linking IPA template such as these, English or other language, an editor should transcribe using the conventions of the key it links to; for example, the generic English ar sound is transcribed <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span></span>/</a></span></span> in Wikipedia articles, not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*/ɹ/</span>, and is used where speakers of rhotic dialects would pronounce it, even in personal and place names. (These <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diaphoneme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diaphoneme">diaphonemic</a> conventions, which are not specific to any one dialect or national standard, are covered at the top of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a> key.)</p> <p><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> accepts both IPA and SAMPA. Each phoneme, including rhotic vowels, should receive its own cell (such as the 'ou' here), and not broken up, or the wrong popups will appear. See the template page for details.</p> <dl> <dd> <code>{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛ|k|s|ɪ|k|oʊ}}</code> → <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> </dd> <dd> <code>{{IPAc-en|'|m|E|k|s|I|k|oU}}</code> → <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> </dd> </dl> <p>Technical Latin or Greco-Latin words in fields such as biology, astronomy, mythology and medicine cause frequent problems. If there is one generally accepted pronunciation in the field, use that. However, there are often multiple pronunciations heard, along a cline from highly anglicized pronunciations, as found in Shakespeare, to attempts to remain faithful to the Latin or Greek pronunciation. For example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Io?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Io">Io</a> may be pronounced either <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>. Both are "correct". However, it may be impractical to list all possible pronunciations. In such cases, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_English_pronunciation_of_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traditional English pronunciation of Latin">traditional (literary) pronunciation</a> is the most difficult as well as the most anglicized and is therefore the one that should be transcribed. Other conventions are generally straightforward and can all be covered, simultaneously, by including the Latin or Greek orthography, or the Greek in Latin transcription. As long as Latin long vowels <i>ā ē ī ō ū ȳ</i> are indicated, readers will be able to pronounce the word according to the convention of their choice. (Note that both the Latin and Greek alphabets are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Defective_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Defective script">defective</a> when it comes to vowel length, which determines the location of English stress in these words.)</p> <p>To transcribe the pronunciation of a particular individual or dialect, or to use transcription conventions other than those of the IPA-for-English key, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|generic=yes</code> can be used, which links to a generic IPA key that is not restricted to any one dialect or language. It is often useful to add a link to a phonological description of the dialect being transcribed; if this is done, there will normally not be any need for the generic IPA key. Such links may be done manually, as in:</p> <dl> <dd> <code>{{IPA|[[Australian English phonology|[ˈmɛɫbn̩]]]}}</code> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_English_phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian English phonology">[ˈmɛɫbn̩]</a></span> </dd> </dl> <p>The distinction between /slashes/ used for generic English and [brackets] for individual or dialectical pronunciations: A phonemic transcription (between slashes) is not meaningful without a description of the phonology of the speech variant, whereas a phonetic transcription (between brackets) can stand on its own, and allowing a choice between slashes or brackets in a template leads to frequent misuse of the symbols. As long as the phonology of the speech variety is accessible to the reader, as with the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmælbən]</span> example above, slashes may be used (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_English_phonology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian English phonology">/ˈmælbən/</a></span>), but this will need to be done manually. Place any brackets or slashes within the IPA template, so that they are formatted in the same size and font as the enclosed transcription. (This may be individuated at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyPage/common.css?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:MyPage/common.css">your CSS code</a> by adding a line such as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-css mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">IPA</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">font-family</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Gentium</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Charis</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SIL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cp">!important</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span></code>.)</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Other_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_languages-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_languages-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span>Other languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_languages-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span></h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="MOS:IPAINTEGRITY"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMOS:IPAINTEGRITY%26redirect%3Dno">MOS:IPAINTEGRITY</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>In the first parameter of <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, enter the 2-letter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ISO 639-1 codes">ISO 639-1 code</a> or the 3-letter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-3_codes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of ISO 639-3 codes">ISO 639-3 code</a> for the language in question, as in <code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a>|el|...}}</code> for Greek or <code>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a>|fa|...}}</code> for Persian. A few languages also have dedicated templates that automatically convert ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) to IPA characters that are used to transcribe the language in question, such as <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-cmn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-cmn">IPAc-cmn</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for Mandarin Chinese and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-pl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-pl">IPAc-pl</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for Polish. These languages and templates are listed at <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. Again, if the language you're transcribing has such an IPA key, use the conventions of that key. If you wish to change those conventions, bring it up for discussion on the key's talk page. Creating transcriptions unsupported by the key or changing the key so that it no longer conforms to existing transcriptions will confuse readers.</p> <p>If the template is used by a sufficient number of articles, a dedicated key for that language can be created under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Help:IPA/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Help:IPA/">Help:IPA/</a>. Once the key is ready, add it to <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA keys">IPA keys</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</p> <p>To link a single-phone transcription to an article on that phone, use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA link">IPA link</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>; for example, <span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span>. The template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAblink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAblink">IPAblink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> provides brackets for phonetic transcriptions, and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAslink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAslink">IPAslink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> provides slashes, for phonemic transcriptions. For an extended transcription, the template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:WikiIPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:WikiIPA">WikiIPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> may be used at the beginning of the text, with the transcription itself formatted only with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cleanup" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cleanup-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cleanup-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span>Cleanup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cleanup-IPA_templates_on_Wikipedia"></span></h3> </div> <p>If you're not sure how to fix a messed-up, provincial, or ambiguous transcription, there are several cleanup templates, which are monitored by editors who do. These are:</p> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Needs_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Needs IPA">Needs IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, an inline tag for pronunciations which do not include the IPA, for which an attempt at the IPA is inadequate (this includes correct IPA for what appears to be an incorrect pronunciation) or articles with IPA problems;</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Pronunciation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Pronunciation needed">Pronunciation needed</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> if you wish to have a pronunciation and none is provided.</li> </ul> <p>Note that a simple pronunciation hint, such as an unambiguous rhyme ("rhymes with <i>kind</i>"), an unambiguous homonym ("pronounced like <i>Smith</i>"), or a spelled-out acronym ("pronounced <i>S-O-S</i>"), does not generally need an IPA transcription. However, more elaborate transcriptions, such as <i>ad hoc</i> respellings and US-dictionary formats, should be replaced by the IPA.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Entering_IPA_characters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Entering_IPA_characters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Entering_IPA_characters"></span>Entering IPA characters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Entering_IPA_characters"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Many IPA characters cannot be typed with a regular keyboard layout, but there are various ways to enter them.</p> <dl> <dt> Beneath the edit box on Wikipedia is a character map (see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:CharInsert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#IPA" title="Help:CharInsert">Help:CharInsert § IPA</a> for more information). </dt> <dd> Choose IPA in the drop down box on the left, then just click on the symbol you want, and it will be added at the insertion point in the edit box. </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt> Copy and paste from an online IPA keyboard </dt> <dd> Utilities like the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/inter_chart_2018/IPA_2018.html">IPA i-charts</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://r12a.github.io/pickers/ipa/">IPA character picker 19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ipa.typeit.org/full/">TypeIt</a>, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://westonruter.github.io/ipa-chart/keyboard/">IPA Chart keyboard</a> cover the complete range of IPA symbols and diacritics which are not available from the Wikipedia IPA character map. </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt> Copy and paste them from elsewhere (other articles or websites, for example) </dt> <dd> This method sometimes fails when copying characters with diacritics. </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt> Many of the familiar Latin letters can be typed with a normal English keyboard layout. However, </dt> <dd> <dl> <dd> ( <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ː</span> ) note the length mark is a different character from a colon </dd> <dd> ( <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ˈ</span> ) note the primary stress mark is a different character from a typewriter apostrophe </dd> <dd> ( <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span> ) note the symbol for the voiced velar stop is a different character from the lowercase English letter g </dd> </dl> </dd> <dd> On Mac English keyboard layouts ("ABC"), a few special characters can be typed: <dl> <dd> <i>option-c</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ç</span> </dd> <dd> <i>option-o</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ø</span> </dd> <dd> <i>option-q</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">œ</span> </dd> <dd> <i>option-'</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dd> On Mac English extended keyboard layouts ("ABC — Extended"), most special characters, including composed diacritical symbols used in IPA, can be typed using option or shift-option. To see the live mapping from keys to (compositions of) characters, turn on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_Viewer&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Keyboard Viewer (page does not exist)">Keyboard Viewer</a> which is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virtual_keyboard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virtual keyboard">virtual keyboard</a> (also known as the soft keyboard). </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt> Enter them using a special character utility </dt> <dd> On macOS, use the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/keyboards/charpalosx.html">Character Viewer (formerly Character Palette)</a>: choose the "Phonetic Symbols" category and double-click on a character to enter it </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt> Type them with a custom keyboard layout </dt> <dd> For macOS, download the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id%3Dnrsi%26item_id%3Dipa-sil_keyboard">IPA-SIL keyboard layout</a> </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Numeric_entry" data-mw-thread-id="h-Numeric_entry-Entering_IPA_characters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Numeric_entry-Entering_IPA_characters"></span>Numeric entry<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Numeric_entry-Entering_IPA_characters"></span></h3> </div> <p>The following methods require you to know the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_point?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Code point">code point</a> of the character you wish to enter: for example, the IPA symbol <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a>]</span> is represented by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Base-16?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Base-16">hexadecimal</a> value <span title="ɒ"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Upluslink" title="Unicode">U+</a>0252</span>. See the resources links below for reference charts.</p> <dl> <dt> Enter them using a numeric <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alt_code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alt code">keyboard input method</a> </dt> <dd> On most Windows keyboard layouts, type <i>alt-0–2–5–2</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒ</span> (<b>Note</b>: Requires you to first set the registry key HKCU\Control Panel\Input Method\EnableHexNumpad to type REG_SZ and value 1 and reboot.) </dd> <dd> On macOS, use the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum%3D302529">Unicode Hex Input</a> keyboard layout, type <i>option-0–2–5–2</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒ</span> </dd> <dd> On macOS Yosemite 10.10.5 you can hold down a key for a second and a number of diacritics will appear above the cursor as clickable options. 'a' for example offers à á â ä æ ã å and ā. </dd> </dl> <dl> <dt> Enter them into wikitext as HTML character entities </dt> <dd></dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">List of XML and HTML character entity references</a>: enter <i>&aelig;</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">æ</span> </dd> <dd> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numeric_character_reference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a> (decimal): enter <i>&#0594;</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒ</span> </dd> <dd> Numeric character reference (hexadecimal): enter <i>&#x0252;</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɒ</span> </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Resources" data-mw-thread-id="h-Resources-Entering_IPA_characters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Resources-Entering_IPA_characters"></span>Resources<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Resources-Entering_IPA_characters"></span></h3> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ipa4linguists.pbwiki.com">Complete guide for using IPA on computers, Windows, macOS, and Linux</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id%3Dnrsi%26cat_id%3DInputResources">SIL: Some tools and resources for character input</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/ipa-unicode.htm">UCL: The International Phonetic Alphabet in Unicode</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf">Unicode chart for IPA extensions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U02B0.pdf">Unicode chart for IPA spacing modifier letters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0300.pdf">Unicode chart including IPA combining diacritical marks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://symbolcodes.tlt.psu.edu/bylanguage/ipachart.html">Unicode-HTML codes for IPA symbols:</a> Tables of symbol names and HTML codes at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pennsylvania State University">PennState</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.linguiste.org/phonetics/ipa/chart/keyboard/">IPA Unicode "keyboard"</a> for point-and-click entry of IPA characters</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Related_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Related_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Related_templates"></span>Related templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Related_templates"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> allows proper display of IPA characters. <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> has slashes and a link to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a>; it accepts ASCII input and displays a mouse-over key to the IPA. This is the preferred template for generic English.</li> </ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA notice">IPA notice</a>}}</span> is a message that warns the reader of the presence of IPA characters</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Needs_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Needs IPA">Needs IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> is an inline template noting need for a single instance of transcription.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Pronunciation respelling for English</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">IPA consonant chart with audio</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">IPA vowel chart with audio</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">Help:IPA/English</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Help:Pronunciation respelling key</a> (used by <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Respell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Respell">Respell</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>)</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys70" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:IPA keys"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA keys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> keys </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IPA_templates83" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA templates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:IPA templates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA templates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="IPA_templates83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> templates </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inline</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formatting</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA link">IPA link</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAblink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAblink">IPAblink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAslink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAslink">IPAslink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAalink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAalink">IPAalink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> ⟨<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span>⟩</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAplink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAplink">IPAplink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Angbr_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Angbr IPA">angbr IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_double_slash?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA double slash">IPA double slash</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Chinese_tone_letter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Chinese tone letter">Chinese tone letter</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Audio-IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Audio-IPA">Audio-IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conversion</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-ar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-ar">IPAc-ar</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-en">IPAc-en</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-cmn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-cmn">IPAc-cmn</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-hu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-hu">IPAc-hu</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-pl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-pl">IPAc-pl</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPAc-yue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPAc-yue">IPAc-yue</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li>{{<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:X-SAMPA_to_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:X-SAMPA to IPA">subst:X-SAMPA to IPA</a>}}</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Needs_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Needs IPA">Needs IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Pronunciation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Pronunciation needed">Pronunciation needed</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Charts</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_vowels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA vowels">IPA vowels</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">IPA pulmonic consonants</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">IPA non-pulmonic consonants</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">IPA co-articulated consonants</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_affricates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA affricates">IPA affricates</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guidance</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA navigation">IPA navigation</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Infobox_IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Infobox IPA">Infobox IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_notice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA notice">IPA notice</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:WikiIPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:WikiIPA">WikiIPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA key">IPA key</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_keys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA keys">IPA keys</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_language_category?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA language category">IPA language category</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meta templates</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_symbol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA symbol">IPA symbol</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_audio_link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA audio link">IPA audio link</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_common?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA common">IPA common</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_soundbox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA soundbox">IPA soundbox</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPA_notice/msg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPA notice/msg">IPA notice/msg</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style710" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Manual_of_Style710" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a 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