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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history_(2016–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history_(2016–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history (2016–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history_(2016–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_Elsagate_videos_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_Elsagate_videos_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Discovery of Elsagate videos (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_Elsagate_videos_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_on_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Effect on children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_from_YouTube" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_from_YouTube"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Response from YouTube</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_from_YouTube-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elsagate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Elsagate – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elsagate" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EC%82%AC%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="엘사게이트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘사게이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Էլզագեյթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլզագեյթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elsagate" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elsagate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsagate" title="Elsagate – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elsagate" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Controversy concerning a genre of YouTube videos</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thumbnails_of_Elsagate_content.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/Thumbnails_of_Elsagate_content.jpg/300px-Thumbnails_of_Elsagate_content.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2d/Thumbnails_of_Elsagate_content.jpg/450px-Thumbnails_of_Elsagate_content.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2d/Thumbnails_of_Elsagate_content.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>Elsagate thumbnails often feature familiar children's characters doing inappropriate or disturbing things, shown directly or suggested. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Injection_(medicine)" title="Injection (medicine)">injections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutilation" title="Mutilation">mutilation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">urination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">fellatio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">acid attacks</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Elsagate</b> (derived from <a href="/wiki/Elsa_(Frozen)" title="Elsa (Frozen)">Elsa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_-gate_scandals_and_controversies" title="List of -gate scandals and controversies"><i>-gate</i> scandal suffix</a>) is a controversy surrounding videos on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a> that were labelled as "child-friendly" but contained themes <a href="/wiki/Age_appropriateness#Sanctions_of_age-inappropriateness_3" title="Age appropriateness">inappropriate for children</a>. These videos often featured fictional characters from family-oriented media, sometimes via <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(fiction)" title="Crossover (fiction)">crossovers</a>, used without legal permission. The controversy also included channels that focused on real-life children, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Freaks" title="Toy Freaks">Toy Freaks</a></i>, that raised concern about possible <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">child abuse</a>. </p><p>Most videos in this category were produced either with <a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">live action</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animation</a>, but some used <a href="/wiki/Claymation" title="Claymation">claymation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theverge_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theverge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The videos were sometimes tagged in such a way as to circumvent YouTube's child safety algorithms, and some appeared on YouTube Kids. These videos were difficult to moderate due to the large scale of YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to capture <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_results_page" title="Search engine results page">search results</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clickbait" title="Clickbait">attract attention from users</a>, their <a href="/wiki/Buzzword" title="Buzzword">buzzword</a> titles and descriptions featured the names of the fictional characters, as well as <a href="/wiki/Index_term" title="Index term">keywords</a> such as "education", "learn colors", and "<a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhymes</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bridle_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also included <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">automatically placed commercials</a>, making them lucrative to their owners and YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public awareness of the phenomenon grew in late 2017. That year—after reports on child safety on YouTube by several media outlets—YouTube adopted stricter guidelines regarding children's content. In late November, the platform deleted channels and videos falling into the Elsagate category, as well as large amounts of other inappropriate videos or user comments relating to children.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these efforts, intended to wipe the platform of Elsagate-related media, curbed much of the older content, as of the 2020s similar videos and channels (this time utilizing video games popular with children) have been found to remain pervasively accessible to children on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hajjaji_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hajjaji-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history_(2016–2017)"><span id="Early_history_.282016.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Early history (2016–2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history (2016–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2016, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> published an article about the channel <i>Webs and Tiaras</i>, which had been created in March of the same year. The channel showed people dressed as characters like <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man" title="Spider-Man">Spider-Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsa_(Frozen)" title="Elsa (Frozen)">Elsa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a> engaging in bizarre or nonsensical actions. The videos themselves had <a href="/wiki/Background_music" title="Background music">background music</a> but no dialogue. The lack of dialogue meant that there was no <a href="/wiki/Language_barrier" title="Language barrier">language barrier</a> on the videos, which would normally hinder worldwide distribution. The article also reported that several nearly identical channels, named <i>Toy Monster</i>, <i>The Superheroes Life</i>, and <i>The Kids Club</i>, had appeared on YouTube.<sup id="cite_ref-lycra_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lycra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, one channel under the control of a YouTube partner in Vietnam, <i>Spiderman Frozen Marvel Superhero Real Life</i>, blocked their Vietnamese subscribers after complaints from parents regarding the content of their videos.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The channel's owner was later fined by Vietnamese authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increase in the number of views had led some to voice concerns that such channels are <a href="/wiki/Gaming_the_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaming the system">gaming the system</a> by using bots or <a href="/wiki/Click_farm" title="Click farm">click farms</a> to inflate <a href="/wiki/Audience_measurement" title="Audience measurement">viewing figures</a> to higher proportions; however, there is no evidence for this.<sup id="cite_ref-lycra_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lycra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early February 2017, <i><a href="/wiki/Tubefilter" title="Tubefilter">Tubefilter</a></i> interviewed one of <i>Webs And Tiaras</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> creators, Eric, who insisted that the team has "never used any <a href="/wiki/Software_agent" title="Software agent">bots</a> or any other method to increase our views." Given the channel's substantial numbers, he said, "If we were not respecting the rules, YouTube would certainly have taken notice." He also said that his team is based in Canada, and there is no larger company behind his channels, and that it represents a <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> project among friends.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i> commented that "adults dressing up in costume and acting out weird, wordless <a href="/wiki/Skits" class="mw-redirect" title="Skits">skits</a> has become a booming industry on the world's biggest video platform" and that while many videos were "puerile but benign", others featured more questionable content, such as <a href="/wiki/Scatological_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Scatological humor">scatological humor</a> and violent or sexual situations. The article noted that most videos were made with a very limited budget and "a few <a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costumes</a>", which made them easy to produce and contributed to their multiplication. It also attributed their success to the frequent use of "<a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freudian</a> concerns", which young children may find fascinating, amusing, or frightening, such as "peeing, pooping, kissing, pregnancy, and the terrifying notion of going to the doctor and getting a shot".<sup id="cite_ref-theverge_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theverge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in February, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Awl" title="The Awl">The Awl</a></i> published an article on <i>Webs and Tiaras</i> and similar channels, describing their content as "nonsensically nightmarish" and "pretty twisted for children's content: some videos involve Elsa giving birth, and in some others, Spider-Man injects Elsa with a brightly colored liquid. You half expect the scenarios to be <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">porn</a> setups." In most videos, the <a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">like and dislike options</a> were disabled, which makes it difficult to understand how many users were actually engaging with them. Many videos feature hundreds of positive comments written by similar channels in an apparent attempt to attract more clicks.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March, the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> ran a piece titled "The disturbing YouTube videos that are tricking children". The article focuses on a <i><a href="/wiki/Peppa_Pig" title="Peppa Pig">Peppa Pig</a></i> imitation, where the titular character's teeth are painfully <a href="/wiki/Dental_extraction" title="Dental extraction">pulled out</a> by a dentist, and a video featuring said character <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">burning down an occupied house</a>. The article also mentioned the existence of "hundreds" of similar videos, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">unauthorized</a> but otherwise harmless copies of authentic animations to frightening and gory content.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CTV_News" title="CTV News">CTV News</a> also reported in March about YouTube's "fake toons problem", with adult-themed imitations of popular children's shows frequently appearing on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">YouTube Kids</a>: "In some cases, the video will feature a <a href="/wiki/Kid-friendly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kid-friendly">kid-friendly</a> thumbnail, while the video itself might be entirely different" and be very unsuitable for small children. The network commented that such videos were "often nightmares to behold, with lots of frightening scenes involving monsters and blood. Many of these videos venture into dark territory, with the characters often being chased, attacked, or injured in a bloody manner."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="r/ElsaGate"></span>The term "Elsagate" was coined on the Internet in 2017. During the summer of that year, it became a popular <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> as users called attention to the presence of such material on YouTube and YouTube Kids.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>, an Elsagate subreddit (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/ElsaGate/">r/ElsaGate</a>) was created on June 23 to discuss the phenomenon, soon attracting tens of thousands of users.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_of_Elsagate_videos_(2017)"><span id="Discovery_of_Elsagate_videos_.282017.29"></span>Discovery of Elsagate videos (2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery of Elsagate videos (2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2017, several newspapers published articles about the YouTube channel <i><a href="/wiki/Toy_Freaks" title="Toy Freaks">Toy Freaks</a></i>, which had been created two years earlier by a single father named Greg Chism. <i>Toy Freaks</i> had a total of 8.54 million subscribers and were among the top 100 most viewed channels before it shut down that month. The channel often featured Chism's daughters, and in most cases showed them scared or crying.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several individuals, including the rapper <a href="/wiki/B.o.B" title="B.o.B">B.o.B</a> and commentary channel <a href="/wiki/H3h3Productions" title="H3h3Productions">h3h3Productions</a>, discussed Elsagate on social media during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 4, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> published an article about the "startling" videos slipping past YouTube's filters and disturbing children, "either by mistake or because bad actors have found ways to fool the YouTube Kids' algorithms".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 6, author <a href="/wiki/James_Bridle" title="James Bridle">James Bridle</a> wrote on <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)"><i>Medium</i></a> about his worry about videos aimed at scaring, hurting, and exploiting children. He said these videos were common on YouTube, and noticed that many of these videos were confusing as obvious parodies and imitations interacted with algorithm-driven content creators, which led to content that mixed up popular <a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">tropes</a>, characters, and keywords. He said this made videos with real people resemble automated content.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridle_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridle-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 17, Internet commentator <a href="/wiki/Philip_DeFranco" title="Philip DeFranco">Philip DeFranco</a> posted a video addressing the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The New York Times</i> found that one of the channels featuring counterfeit cartoons, <i>Super Zeus TV</i>, was linked to a website called <i>SuperKidsShop.com</i>, registered in <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, Vietnam. A man working for <i>SuperKidsShop.com</i> confirmed that his partners were responsible for the videos, on which "a team of about 100 people" were producing. Subsequent requests for an interview went unanswered.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 9, members of the satirical sound collage group <a href="/wiki/Negativland" title="Negativland">Negativland</a> presented an episode of their weekly radio show <i><a href="/wiki/Over_the_Edge_(radio_program)" title="Over the Edge (radio program)">Over the Edge</a></i> dedicated to Elsagate. <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Modern Animal Kids'<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> threads Elsagate through a remix of three '90s episodes of <i>Over the Edge</i> which focused on media for children, all broadcast in the final years before <i><a href="/wiki/Teletubbies" title="Teletubbies">Teletubbies</a></i> pioneered marketing to the 6- to 18-month-old demographic".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 22, <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a></i> published an article about unsettling videos that depict children in disturbing and abusive situations. The information on the article came with the assistance of journalist and human rights activist <a href="/wiki/Matan_Uziel" title="Matan Uziel">Matan Uziel</a>, whose investigation and report to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> on that matter were sent on September 22, informing its leadership about "tens of thousands of videos available on YouTube that we know are crafted to serve as eye candy for <a href="/wiki/Perverted" class="mw-redirect" title="Perverted">perverted</a>, creepy adults and online predators to indulge in their child fantasies".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 23, French-Canadian outlet <i>Tabloïd</i> released a video investigation about <i>Toy Monster</i>, a channel linked to <i>Webs and Tiaras</i>. They confronted the videos' creators – based out of the south shore of <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> – who refused to be interviewed. One of the actors featured in the videos anonymously stated that he was contractually obligated to refrain from commenting. The investigation revealed that identical content was being posted on numerous channels apparently operated by the same people.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a report by <a href="/wiki/China_News_Service" title="China News Service">China News Service</a>, many Elsagate clips had been re-uploaded onto Chinese video platforms from YouTube, but others were created domestically, involving youngsters being beaten with rulers and children giving each other injections. The authorities eventually announced in January 2018 to launch a nationwide campaign against the videos.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A creator told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beijing_News" title="The Beijing News">The Beijing News</a></i> that his daughters appeared in a video he made, in which they lined up and were <a href="/wiki/Spanking" title="Spanking">spanked</a> with a ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although YouTube initiated a crackdown on Elsagate content in 2017, videos hosting similar content have continued to be found on the website in the following years. Much of the content is based on video game <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">IPs</a> popular with children, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Among_Us" title="Among Us">Among Us</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Poppy_Playtime" title="Poppy Playtime">Poppy Playtime</a></i>, and is both marketed towards, and freely accessible to, children. And while YouTube Kids disallows inappropriate content and is intended to steer children away from the main app, the efficacy of that method has been called into question.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hajjaji_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hajjaji-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An investigation, published by <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> on 30 March 2021, found dozens of "disturbing" or "grotesque" animated videos targeting <i>Minecraft</i> and <i>Among Us</i> fans that were featured under YouTube's "Topics" or "hashtags" pages for the games. The magazine argued that these newer discoverability features lacked moderation, and allowed "opportunistic" channels to display questionable or inappropriate content. One livestream showcased an animated video of a bare-chested, female <i>Minecraft</i> avatar opening a present containing a poop <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a>, as well as a thumbnail featuring two inflated breasts holding up a "poop <i>Minecraft</i> brick" [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>], with other inappropriate or disturbing <i>Minecraft</i> or <i>Among Us</i>-style thumbnails, easily seen via the Topics or hashtags sections. Still, the magazine acknowledged the 2017 purge and stated that their findings didn't represent "a direct Elsagate repeat", noting that these videos were not on YouTube Kids, that much of their shocking content was limited to the thumbnails only, and that many of the more obvious ways of targeting children had been challenged by the purge.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> also reported on channels and videos containing similarly inappropriate content or thumbnails, featuring characters from horror games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Nights_at_Freddy%27s" title="Five Nights at Freddy's">Five Nights at Freddy's</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Poppy_Playtime" title="Poppy Playtime">Poppy Playtime</a></i> that were popular with children. The magazine described suggestive thumbnails, as well as content that featured drugs (including <a href="/wiki/Date_rape_drug" title="Date rape drug">date rape drugs</a>) and violence, such as murder, <a href="/wiki/School_shooting" title="School shooting">school shootings</a>, or physical abuse towards children and female characters. YouTube responded, stating that "the content shared has not been found in the YouTube Kids app which is our recommended experience for children under 13." However, Sonia Livingstone, professor at the London School of Economics and expert on children's digital safety, argued that this was insufficient, given that the main app still had the content in question accessible to children, with poor moderation, labeling and "age-gating". <i>Newsweek</i> further contended that, while YouTube encourages creators to age-restrict content intended for older users and disallows content that targets minors while displaying inappropriate themes, none of the videos they found had been age-restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-Hajjaji_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hajjaji-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_on_children">Effect on children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Effect on children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>The New York Times</i> quoted pediatrics professor Michael Rich, who considered it upsetting that "characters [children] thought they knew and trusted" were shown behaving in an improper or violent manner.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response_from_YouTube">Response from YouTube</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Response from YouTube"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the controversy, on 1 June 2017, YouTube changed its guidelines, specifically to ban children's characters in inappropriate situations. Unfortunately, that ban had little effect, and in the months after, the subreddit <i>r/Elsagate</i> became a reliable<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2025)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> place for amateur investigators to raise the alarm on videos that slipped through YouTube's moderation system.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2017, YouTube announced its new guidelines on content and monetization. In an ongoing series of <a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_YouTube#Advertiser-friendly_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by YouTube">efforts to demonetize controversial and offensive videos</a>, it was announced that creators would no longer be able to monetize videos that "made inappropriate use of family-friendly characters". In November of the same year, it announced that it would implement "a new policy that age restricts this content in the YouTube main app when flagged".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The controversy extended to channels that featured not necessarily children's characters but actual children, who sometimes performed inappropriate or dangerous activities under the guidance of adults. As part of a broader action, YouTube terminated the channel <i>Toy Freaks</i>, which featured a father (Greg Chism) and his two daughters in potentially abusive situations.<sup id="cite_ref-Spangler_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spangler-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Templeton_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Templeton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warzel_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warzel-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chism was subsequently investigated by <a href="/wiki/Child_protective_services" title="Child protective services">child-protection officials</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> for alleged child abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2017, authorities announced that Chism would not face criminal charges.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before its removal, the channel had over 8.5 million subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-Spangler_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spangler-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Templeton_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Templeton-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warzel_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warzel-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was also revealed in the media that many videos featuring minors – frequently uploaded by the children themselves and showing innocent content – had attracted comments from <a href="/wiki/Pedophilia" title="Pedophilia">pedophiles</a> and other groups. Some of these videos were monetized. As a result of the controversy, several major advertisers froze spending on YouTube, forcing YouTube to ban children from their site, citing legal obligations.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 22, 2017, YouTube announced that it had deleted over 50 channels and thousands of videos that did not fit the new guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 27, the company said in a statement to <i>BuzzFeed News</i> that it had "terminated more than 270 accounts and removed over 150,000 videos", "turned off comments on more than 625,000 videos targeted by child predators" and "removed ads from nearly 2 million videos and over 50,000 channels masquerading as family-friendly content".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> contributor Dani Di Placido wrote that many problematic videos could still be seen on the platform, and that "the sheer volume of videos hastily deleted from the site prove that YouTube's algorithms were utterly ineffective at protecting young children".<sup id="cite_ref-forbes_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2017, as advertisers pulled ads, YouTube CEO <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> announced new moderation guidelines, removing inappropriate children's content and bringing the total number of moderators up to 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balenciaga#Child_advertising_controversy" title="Balenciaga">Balenciaga § Child advertising controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_rot" title="Brain rot">Brain rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Online_Protection_Act" title="Child Online Protection Act">Child Online Protection Act</a> (COPA) and <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act" title="Children's Online Privacy Protection Act">Children's Online Privacy Protection Act</a> (COPPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube#Child_safety_and_wellbeing" title="YouTube">YouTube § Child safety and wellbeing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-theverge-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theverge_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@jamesbridle/something-is-wrong-on-the-internet-c39c471271d2">the original</a> on 2017-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tubefilter&rft.atitle=YouTube%27s+Latest+Bizarre+Trend+Has+Adults+Dressing+Up+In+Spider-Man+And+Elsa+Costumes&rft.date=2017-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tubefilter.com%2F2017%2F02%2F02%2Fyoutube-bizarre-trend-adults-spider-man-elsa-costumes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041209/https://www.theawl.com/2017/02/the-ballad-of-elsa-and-spiderman/">"The Ballad Of Elsa And Spiderman - The Awl"</a>. 2017-12-01. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+disturbing+YouTube+videos+that+are+tricking+children&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs-trending-39381889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/fake-toons-kids-falling-prey-to-adult-parodies-of-popular-children-s-shows-1.3344358">"Fake toons: Kids falling prey to adult parodies of popular children's shows"</a>. <i>CTVNews</i>. 2017-03-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327141607/https://www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/fake-toons-kids-falling-prey-to-adult-parodies-of-popular-children-s-shows-1.3344358">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTVNews&rft.atitle=Fake+toons%3A+Kids+falling+prey+to+adult+parodies+of+popular+children%27s+shows&rft.date=2017-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fsci-tech%2Ffake-toons-kids-falling-prey-to-adult-parodies-of-popular-children-s-shows-1.3344358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wgntv.com/news/elsagate-hashtag-calling-attention-to-disturbing-youtube-content/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'ElsaGate' hashtag calling attention to disturbing YouTube content"</a>. <i>WGN-TV</i>. 2017-07-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327141607/https://wgntv.com/news/elsagate-hashtag-calling-attention-to-disturbing-youtube-content/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WGN-TV&rft.atitle=%27ElsaGate%27+hashtag+calling+attention+to+disturbing+YouTube+content&rft.date=2017-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwgntv.com%2Fnews%2Felsagate-hashtag-calling-attention-to-disturbing-youtube-content%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327141607/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/entertainment/2017/11/elsagate-the-disturbing-youtube-trend-that-might-be-terrifying-your-children.html">"Elsagate: The sick YouTube videos targeting your kids"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Elsagate%3A+The+sick+YouTube+videos+targeting+your+kids&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fentertainment%2F2017%2F11%2Felsagate-the-disturbing-youtube-trend-that-might-be-terrifying-your-children.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksdk.com/article/news/crime/youtuber-with-ties-to-st-louis-allegedly-under-investigation-for-questionable-videos/496009988">"YouTuber with ties to St. Louis allegedly under investigation for questionable videos"</a>. <i>KSDK</i>. 1 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230312183733/http://www.ksdk.com/article/news/crime/youtuber-with-ties-to-st-louis-allegedly-under-investigation-for-questionable-videos/496009988">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KSDK&rft.atitle=YouTuber+with+ties+to+St.+Louis+allegedly+under+investigation+for+questionable+videos&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksdk.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fyoutuber-with-ties-to-st-louis-allegedly-under-investigation-for-questionable-videos%2F496009988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoerber2017" class="citation web cs1">Koerber, Brian (11 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mashable.com/2017/11/17/youtube-kids-toy-freaks">"YouTube bans the creepy and weird kid channel 'Toy Freaks'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Mashable</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119164625/http://mashable.com/2017/11/17/youtube-kids-toy-freaks/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mashable&rft.atitle=YouTube+bans+the+creepy+and+weird+kid+channel+%27Toy+Freaks%27&rft.date=2017-11-11&rft.aulast=Koerber&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmashable.com%2F2017%2F11%2F17%2Fyoutube-kids-toy-freaks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroeder2017" class="citation news cs1">Schroeder, Audra (6 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/bob-pregnant-elsa-youtube-videos/">"B.o.B. discovers the weird world of pregnant Elsa videos"</a>. <i>The Daily Dot</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011022027/https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/bob-pregnant-elsa-youtube-videos/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=B.o.B.+discovers+the+weird+world+of+pregnant+Elsa+videos&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Audra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Fupstream%2Fbob-pregnant-elsa-youtube-videos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_K-shDq-kM"><i>Why We Need To Talk About The Insane YouTube Kids Problem… #Elsagate</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171123191112/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_K-shDq-kM">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+We+Need+To+Talk+About+The+Insane+YouTube+Kids+Problem%E2%80%A6+%23Elsagate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DX_K-shDq-kM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Episode downloadable at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://negativland.com/ote_files/">negativland.com's OTE files</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107061304/http://negativland.com/ote_files/">Archived</a> 2018-01-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1906306629397072&set=a.165153833512369">"Negativland - SIX HOURS OF CONTENT TOGETHER THROUGH LIFE OVER THE EDGE "Living Monitress" Broadcast November 30, 2017 Jon Leidecker Gamify your self-employment. Forced to take a look at all the good things your telephone can do. OVER THE EDGE "Modern Animal Kids" Broadcast November 9, 2017 Jon Leidecker Many of the strangest Elsagate videos have now been scrubbed, but if it weren't clear before, there's no one in charge. Pregnant Elsa Injection Finger Spiderman Scream Face Daddy Indoor Fun Family Song Minnie Mouse Spider Cartoon. Tonight's episode threads Elsagate through a remix of three 90's episodes of Over The Edge which focused on media for children, all broadcast in the final years before Teletubbies pioneered marketing to the 6 to 18 month old demographic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327141607/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1906306629397072&set=a.165153833512369">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Negativland+-+SIX+HOURS+OF+CONTENT+TOGETHER+THROUGH+LIFE+OVER+THE+EDGE+%22Living+Monitress%22+Broadcast+November+30%2C+2017+Jon+Leidecker+Gamify+your+self-employment.+Forced+to+take+a+look+at+all+the+good+things+your+telephone+can+do.+OVER+THE+EDGE+%22Modern+Animal+Kids%22+Broadcast+November+9%2C+2017+Jon+Leidecker+Many+of+the+strangest+Elsagate+videos+have+now+been+scrubbed%2C+but+if+it+weren%27t+clear+before%2C+there%27s+no+one+in+charge.+Pregnant+Elsa+Injection+Finger+Spiderman+Scream+Face+Daddy+Indoor+Fun+Family+Song+Minnie+Mouse+Spider+Cartoon.+Tonight%27s+episode+threads+Elsagate+through+a+remix+of+three+90%27s+episodes+of+Over+The+Edge+which+focused+on+media+for+children%2C+all+broadcast+in+the+final+years+before+Teletubbies+pioneered+marketing+to+the+6+to+18+month+old+demographic.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto%2F%3Ffbid%3D1906306629397072%26set%3Da.165153833512369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarzel2017" class="citation news cs1">Warzel, Charlie (22 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/charliewarzel/youtube-is-addressing-its-massive-child-exploitation-problem">"YouTube Is Addressing Its Massive Child Exploitation Problem"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171122212607/https://www.buzzfeed.com/charliewarzel/youtube-is-addressing-its-massive-child-exploitation-problem">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=YouTube+Is+Addressing+Its+Massive+Child+Exploitation+Problem&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.aulast=Warzel&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fcharliewarzel%2Fyoutube-is-addressing-its-massive-child-exploitation-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/pg/tabloid.co/videos/">Derrière le masque de Spiderman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308071055/https://www.facebook.com/pg/tabloid.co/videos/">Archived</a> 2021-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>, Tabloid, 23 November 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_Lai2018" class="citation web cs1">Catherine Lai (January 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2018/01/24/china-cracks-disturbing-elsa-pepper-pig-spiderman-videos-targeting-children/">"China cracks down on disturbing Elsa, Pepper Pig and Spiderman videos targeting children"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.atitle=China+cracks+down+on+disturbing+Elsa%2C+Pepper+Pig+and+Spiderman+videos+targeting+children&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft.au=Catherine+Lai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2018%2F01%2F24%2Fchina-cracks-disturbing-elsa-pepper-pig-spiderman-videos-targeting-children%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-01/23/c_1122297643.htm">"扫黄打非办清查"儿童邪典视频" 专家：视频平台应受罚"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhuanet</a></i> (in Chinese (China)). January 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhuanet&rft.atitle=%E6%89%AB%E9%BB%84%E6%89%93%E9%9D%9E%E5%8A%9E%E6%B8%85%E6%9F%A5%E2%80%9C%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E9%82%AA%E5%85%B8%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E2%80%9D+%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%9A%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%BA%94%E5%8F%97%E7%BD%9A&rft.date=2018-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018-01%2F23%2Fc_1122297643.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandom2017" class="citation web cs1">Brandom, Russell (2017-12-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/8/16751206/elsagate-youtube-kids-creepy-conspiracy-theory">"Inside Elsagate, the conspiracy-fueled war on creepy YouTube kids videos"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413105303/https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/8/16751206/elsagate-youtube-kids-creepy-conspiracy-theory">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Inside+Elsagate%2C+the+conspiracy-fueled+war+on+creepy+YouTube+kids+videos&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft.aulast=Brandom&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F12%2F8%2F16751206%2Felsagate-youtube-kids-creepy-conspiracy-theory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopper2017" class="citation news cs1">Popper, Ben (9 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/9/16629788/youtube-kids-distrubing-inappropriate-flag-age-restrict">"YouTube says it will crack down on bizarre videos targeting children"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116090955/https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/9/16629788/youtube-kids-distrubing-inappropriate-flag-age-restrict">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-16. <q>In August of this year, YouTube announced that it would no longer allow creators to monetize videos which "made inappropriate use of family-friendly characters". Today it's taking another step to try and police this genre.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=YouTube+says+it+will+crack+down+on+bizarre+videos+targeting+children&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.aulast=Popper&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F11%2F9%2F16629788%2Fyoutube-kids-distrubing-inappropriate-flag-age-restrict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spangler-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spangler_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spangler_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpangler2017" class="citation web cs1">Spangler, Todd (2017-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/youtube-toy-freaks-channel-terminated-1202617834/">"YouTube Terminates Toy Freaks Channel Amid Broader Crackdown on Disturbing Kids' Content"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129133424/http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/youtube-toy-freaks-channel-terminated-1202617834/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=YouTube+Terminates+Toy+Freaks+Channel+Amid+Broader+Crackdown+on+Disturbing+Kids%27+Content&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2017%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fyoutube-toy-freaks-channel-terminated-1202617834%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Templeton-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Templeton_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Templeton_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401031704/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/entertainment/2017/11/disturbing-elsagate-toy-freaks-videos-removed-from-youtube-after-abuse-allegations.html">"Disturbing, 'abusive' 'Toy Freaks' video channel removed from YouTube"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/entertainment/2017/11/disturbing-elsagate-toy-freaks-videos-removed-from-youtube-after-abuse-allegations.html">the original</a> on 2024-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newshub&rft.atitle=Disturbing%2C+%27abusive%27+%27Toy+Freaks%27+video+channel+removed+from+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fhome%2Fentertainment%2F2017%2F11%2Fdisturbing-elsagate-toy-freaks-videos-removed-from-youtube-after-abuse-allegations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warzel-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warzel_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warzel_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarzel2017" class="citation web cs1">Warzel, Charlie (2017-11-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/charliewarzel/youtube-is-addressing-its-massive-child-exploitation-problem">"YouTube Is Addressing Its Massive Child Exploitation Problem"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240330211824/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/charliewarzel/youtube-is-addressing-its-massive-child-exploitation-problem">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=YouTube+Is+Addressing+Its+Massive+Child+Exploitation+Problem&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.aulast=Warzel&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fcharliewarzel%2Fyoutube-is-addressing-its-massive-child-exploitation-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2017" class="citation news cs1">Gibbons, Katie (30 November 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/toy-freaks-youtube-video-father-greg-chism-faces-abuse-inquiry-gthktqp0l">"Toy Freaks YouTube video father Greg Chism faces abuse inquiry"</a></span>. <i>The Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203032853/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/toy-freaks-youtube-video-father-greg-chism-faces-abuse-inquiry-gthktqp0l">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Toy+Freaks+YouTube+video+father+Greg+Chism+faces+abuse+inquiry&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Ftoy-freaks-youtube-video-father-greg-chism-faces-abuse-inquiry-gthktqp0l&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmidt2017" class="citation web cs1">Smidt, Remy (30 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/remysmidt/toy-freaks-youtube">"Authorities Say YouTube's Toy Freaks Dad Is Under Investigation — But They Won't Say Who's In Charge"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224617/https://www.buzzfeed.com/remysmidt/toy-freaks-youtube">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=Authorities+Say+YouTube%27s+Toy+Freaks+Dad+Is+Under+Investigation+%E2%80%94+But+They+Won%27t+Say+Who%27s+In+Charge&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft.aulast=Smidt&rft.aufirst=Remy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fremysmidt%2Ftoy-freaks-youtube&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutelle2017" class="citation web cs1">Gutelle, Sam (2017-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/12/07/toy-freaks-greg-chism-no-charges/">"After Investigation, Father Behind Terminated YouTube Channel Toy Freaks Won't Face Criminal Charges"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tubefilter" title="Tubefilter">Tubefilter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630224409/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/12/07/toy-freaks-greg-chism-no-charges/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tubefilter&rft.atitle=After+Investigation%2C+Father+Behind+Terminated+YouTube+Channel+Toy+Freaks+Won%27t+Face+Criminal+Charges&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft.aulast=Gutelle&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tubefilter.com%2F2017%2F12%2F07%2Ftoy-freaks-greg-chism-no-charges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-forbes-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forbes_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-forbes_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlacido" class="citation web cs1">Placido, Dani Di. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2017/11/28/youtubes-elsagate-illuminates-the-unintended-horrors-of-the-digital-age/">"YouTube's "Elsagate" Illuminates The Unintended Horrors Of The Digital Age"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045144/https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2017/11/28/youtubes-elsagate-illuminates-the-unintended-horrors-of-the-digital-age/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=YouTube%27s+%22Elsagate%22+Illuminates+The+Unintended+Horrors+Of+The+Digital+Age&rft.aulast=Placido&rft.aufirst=Dani+Di&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdanidiplacido%2F2017%2F11%2F28%2Fyoutubes-elsagate-illuminates-the-unintended-horrors-of-the-digital-age%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpangler2017" class="citation web cs1">Spangler, Todd (2017-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2017/digital/news/youtube-ad-boycott-pedophile-sexual-children-videos-1202622790/">"YouTube Faces Advertiser Boycott Over Videos With Kids That Attracted Sexual Predators"</a>. <i>Variety</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129125151/http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/youtube-ad-boycott-pedophile-sexual-children-videos-1202622790/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=YouTube+Faces+Advertiser+Boycott+Over+Videos+With+Kids+That+Attracted+Sexual+Predators&rft.date=2017-11-25&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2017%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fyoutube-ad-boycott-pedophile-sexual-children-videos-1202622790%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostrousBridgeGibbons2017" class="citation web cs1">Mostrous, Alexi; Bridge, Mark; Gibbons, Katie (24 November 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-adverts-fund-paedophile-habits-fdzfmqlr5">"YouTube adverts fund paedophile habits"</a></span>. <i>The Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171126061052/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-adverts-fund-paedophile-habits-fdzfmqlr5">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=YouTube+adverts+fund+paedophile+habits&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft.aulast=Mostrous&rft.aufirst=Alexi&rft.au=Bridge%2C+Mark&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fyoutube-adverts-fund-paedophile-habits-fdzfmqlr5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/youtube-crack-videos-showing-child-endangerment/story?id=51336368">"YouTube to crack down on videos showing child endangerment"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171124104532/https://abcnews.go.com/US/youtube-crack-videos-showing-child-endangerment/story?id=51336368">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=YouTube+to+crack+down+on+videos+showing+child+endangerment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fyoutube-crack-videos-showing-child-endangerment%2Fstory%3Fid%3D51336368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery2017" class="citation web cs1">Montgomery, Blake (2017-11-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/blakemontgomery/youtube-has-deleted-hundreds-of-thousands-of-disturbing">"YouTube Has Deleted Hundreds Of Thousands Of Disturbing Kids' Videos"</a>. <i>BuzzFeed News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224204328/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/blakemontgomery/youtube-has-deleted-hundreds-of-thousands-of-disturbing">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=YouTube+Has+Deleted+Hundreds+Of+Thousands+Of+Disturbing+Kids%27+Videos&rft.date=2017-11-28&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fblakemontgomery%2Fyoutube-has-deleted-hundreds-of-thousands-of-disturbing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsagate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridle2018" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Bridle" title="James Bridle">Bridle, James</a> (April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/talks/james_bridle_the_nightmare_videos_of_childrens_youtube_and_what_s_wrong_with_the_internet_today"><i>The nightmare videos of children's YouTube — and what's wrong with the internet today</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Video)</span>. Vancouver: <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+nightmare+videos+of+children%27s+YouTube+%E2%80%94+and+what%27s+wrong+with+the+internet+today&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=TED&rft.date=2018-04&rft.aulast=Bridle&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Ftalks%2Fjames_bridle_the_nightmare_videos_of_childrens_youtube_and_what_s_wrong_with_the_internet_today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElsagate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:YouTube_navbox" title="Template talk:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:YouTube navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="YouTube320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (parent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_YouTube" title="History of YouTube">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_YouTube" title="Social impact of YouTube">Social impact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyor_Cohen" title="Lyor Cohen">Lyor Cohen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Chen" title="Steve Chen">Steve Chen</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Hurley" title="Chad Hurley">Chad Hurley</a> (founder & CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_Kamangar" title="Salar Kamangar">Salar Kamangar</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawed_Karim" title="Jawed Karim">Jawed Karim</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Daniels" title="Susanne Daniels">Susanne Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kyncl" title="Robert Kyncl">Robert Kyncl</a> (CBO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udi_Manber" title="Udi Manber">Udi Manber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Pan" title="Yu Pan">Yu Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-subscribed YouTube channels">Most-subscribed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_channels" title="List of most-viewed YouTube channels">Most-viewed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-channel_network" title="Multi-channel network">Multi-channel network</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multi-channel_networks" title="List of multi-channel networks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_(channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube (channel)">Official channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Original_Channel_Initiative" title="YouTube Original Channel Initiative">Original channels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and<br />videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_video" title="Apology video">Apology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_YouTuber" title="Beauty YouTuber">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookTube" title="BookTube">BookTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BreadTube" title="BreadTube">BreadTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Creator_Awards" title="YouTube Creator Awards">Creator Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_My_Life" title="Draw My Life">Draw My Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Play" title="Let's Play">Let's Play</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Me_at_the_zoo" title="Me at the zoo">Me at the zoo</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PewDiePie_vs_T-Series" title="PewDiePie vs T-Series">PewDiePie vs T-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reply_girl" title="Reply girl">Reply girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StudyTube" title="StudyTube">StudyTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">Viral video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind">YouTube Rewind</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2018:_Everyone_Controls_Rewind" title="YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Rewind_2019:_For_the_Record" title="YouTube Rewind 2019: For the Record">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTuber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTubers" title="List of YouTubers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed YouTube videos">Most-viewed videos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Arabic_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Arabic music videos on YouTube">Arabic music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Chinese_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed Chinese music videos on YouTube">Chinese music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_French_music_videos_on_YouTube" title="List of most-viewed French music videos on YouTube">French music videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Indian_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Indian YouTube videos">Indian videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-viewed_Pakistani_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-viewed Pakistani YouTube videos">Pakistani videos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-liked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-liked YouTube videos">Most-liked videos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-disliked_YouTube_videos" title="List of most-disliked YouTube videos">Most-disliked videos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of YouTube">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_by_YouTube" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship by YouTube">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_issues" title="YouTube copyright issues">Copyright issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content_ID" title="Content ID">Content ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_copyright_strike" title="YouTube copyright strike">Copyright strike</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viacom_International_Inc._v._YouTube,_Inc." title="Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.">Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_moderation" title="YouTube moderation">Moderation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_suspensions" title="YouTube suspensions">Channel suspensions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elsagate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Adventures_scandal" title="Fantastic Adventures scandal">Fantastic Adventures scandal</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garcia_v._Google,_Inc." title="Garcia v. Google, Inc.">Garcia v. Google, Inc.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Kohistan_video_case" title="2012 Kohistan video case">Kohistan video case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Korean_YouTube_backdoor_advertising_controversy" title="2020 Korean YouTube backdoor advertising controversy">Korean backdoor advertisement controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_and_privacy" title="YouTube and privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Innocence_of_Muslims" title="Reactions to Innocence of Muslims">Reactions to <i>Innocence of Muslims</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Slovenian_YouTube_incident" title="2011 Slovenian YouTube incident">Slovenian government incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_BrandConnect" title="YouTube BrandConnect">BrandConnect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Kids" title="YouTube Kids">Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music" title="YouTube Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Premium" title="YouTube Premium">Premium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_YouTube_Premium_original_programming" title="List of YouTube Premium original programming">original programming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Shorts" title="YouTube Shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Studio" title="YouTube Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_VR" title="YouTube VR">VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Awards" title="YouTube Awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN/YouTube_presidential_debates" title="CNN/YouTube presidential debates">CNN/YouTube presidential debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Comedy_Week" title="YouTube Comedy Week">Comedy Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_Clash" title="Creator Clash">Creator Clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs_Logan_Paul" title="KSI vs Logan Paul">KSI vs Logan Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSI_vs._Logan_Paul_II" title="KSI vs. Logan Paul II">rematch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Live" title="YouTube Live">Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Music_Awards" title="YouTube Music Awards">Music Awards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2013 YouTube Music Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_YouTube_Music_Awards" title="2015 YouTube Music Awards">2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Sauce" title="Open Sauce">Open Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playlist_Live" title="Playlist Live">Playlist Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_Awesome" title="Project for Awesome">Project for Awesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_in_the_City" title="Social in the City">Social in the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamy_Awards" title="Streamy Awards">Streamy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Space_Lab" title="YouTube Space Lab">Space Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Symphony_Orchestra" title="YouTube Symphony Orchestra">Symphony Orchestra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Symphony_No._1" title="Internet Symphony No. 1">Internet Symphony No. 1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothership_(composition)" title="Mothership (composition)"><i>Mothership</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubecon" title="Tubecon">Tubecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_YouTube" title="Censorship of YouTube">Censorship of YouTube</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Select" title="YouTube Select">YouTube Select</a></li> 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