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mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آفریقامرغان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آفریقامرغان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitterf%C3%BBgels" title="Bitterfûgels – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bitterfûgels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98" title="아프리카조류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프리카조류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A1" title="אפרואווס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפרואווס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroaves" title="Afroaves – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Afroaves" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%A6%BD%E9%A1%9E" title="非洲禽類 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非洲禽類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Clade of birds</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Afroaves<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene</a> to present</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg/220px-Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg/330px-Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg/440px-Snowy_Owl_-_Schnee-Eule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Snowy_owl" title="Snowy owl">Snowy owl</a>, <i>Bubo scandiacus</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Afroaves" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telluraves" title="Telluraves">Telluraves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afroaves</a><br /><small>Ericson, 2012</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subclades </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accipitrimorphae" title="Accipitrimorphae">Accipitrimorphae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Afroaves</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, consisting of the kingfishers and kin (<a href="/wiki/Coraciiformes" title="Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes</a>), woodpeckers and kin (<a href="/wiki/Piciformes" title="Piciformes">Piciformes</a>), hornbills and kin (<a href="/wiki/Bucerotiformes" title="Bucerotiformes">Bucerotiformes</a>), trogons (<a href="/wiki/Trogoniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Trogoniformes">Trogoniformes</a>), cuckoo roller (<a href="/wiki/Leptosomiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptosomiformes">Leptosomiformes</a>), mousebirds (<a href="/wiki/Coliiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coliiformes">Coliiformes</a>), owls (<a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a>) and raptors (<a href="/wiki/Accipitriformes" title="Accipitriformes">Accipitriformes</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ericson2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericson2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> clades are predatory, suggesting the last common ancestor of Afroaves was also a predatory bird.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group was defined in the <i>PhyloCode</i> by George Sangster and colleagues in 2022 as "the least inclusive crown clade containing <i><a href="/wiki/Accipiter_nisus" class="mw-redirect" title="Accipiter nisus">Accipiter nisus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Colius_colius" class="mw-redirect" title="Colius colius">Colius colius</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Picus_viridis" class="mw-redirect" title="Picus viridis">Picus viridis</a></i>, but not <i><a href="/wiki/Passer_domesticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Passer domesticus">Passer domesticus</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-sanster-2023_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanster-2023-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroaves&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> of Afroaves relationships is based on Stiller et al (2024).<sup id="cite_ref-Stiller2024_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiller2024-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Afroaves</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Hieraves" title="Hieraves">Hieraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Accipitriformes" title="Accipitriformes">Accipitriformes</a> (hawks and relatives)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg/50px-Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg/75px-Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg/100px-Gyps_fulvus_-Basque_Country-8_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maakotka_(Aquila_chrysaetos)_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Maakotka_%28Aquila_chrysaetos%29_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg/50px-Maakotka_%28Aquila_chrysaetos%29_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Maakotka_%28Aquila_chrysaetos%29_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg/75px-Maakotka_%28Aquila_chrysaetos%29_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Maakotka_%28Aquila_chrysaetos%29_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg/100px-Maakotka_%28Aquila_chrysaetos%29_by_Jarkko_J%C3%A4rvinen_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="326" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a> (owls)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg/50px-Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg/75px-Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg/100px-Cuvier-12-Hibou_%C3%A0_huppe_courte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="670" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coliiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coliiformes">Coliiformes</a> (mousebirds) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Cavitaves" title="Cavitaves">Cavitaves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Leptosomiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptosomiformes">Leptosomiformes</a> (cuckoo roller) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Eucavitaves" title="Eucavitaves">Eucavitaves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Trogoniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Trogoniformes">Trogoniformes</a> (trogons)<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg/40px-Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg/60px-Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg/80px-Trogon_surrucura_brazil_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="487" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Picocoraciae" title="Picocoraciae">Picocoraciae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bucerotiformes" title="Bucerotiformes">Bucerotiformes</a> (hornbills and relatives) </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg/50px-Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg/75px-Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg/100px-Nordlig_hornkorp_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="489" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Picodynastornithes" title="Picodynastornithes">Picodynastornithes</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coraciiformes" title="Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_(8277355382)_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_%288277355382%29_white_background.jpg/50px-Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_%288277355382%29_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_%288277355382%29_white_background.jpg/75px-Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_%288277355382%29_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_%288277355382%29_white_background.jpg/100px-Halcyon_smyrnensis_in_India_%288277355382%29_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="445" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Piciformes" title="Piciformes">Piciformes</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dendrocopos_major_-Durham,_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dendrocopos_major_-Durham%2C_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg/50px-Dendrocopos_major_-Durham%2C_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dendrocopos_major_-Durham%2C_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg/75px-Dendrocopos_major_-Durham%2C_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Dendrocopos_major_-Durham%2C_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg/100px-Dendrocopos_major_-Durham%2C_England_-female-8_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="337" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg/50px-Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg/75px-Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg/100px-Ramphastos_toco_-Stadtg%C3%A4rtnerei_Z%C3%BCrich_-_20100919_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Afroaves has not always been recovered as a monophyletic clade in subsequent studies. For instance, Prum <i>et al.</i> (2015) recovered the accipitrimorphs as the sister group to a clade (<a href="/wiki/Eutelluraves" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelluraves">Eutelluraves</a>) comprising the remaining afroavian orders and <a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Prum2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while an analysis by Houde <i>et al</i>. (2019) recovered a clade of accipitrimorphs and owls as sister to the remaining landbirds.<sup id="cite_ref-HoudeBraun2019_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoudeBraun2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wu et al. (2024) also found recovered and found support the clade of accipitrimorphs and owls (which they have named <a href="/wiki/Hieraves" title="Hieraves">Hieraves</a>), but found the clade to be sister to Australaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Wuetal2024_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wuetal2024-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kukl et al. (2020) obtained an identical arrangement to Jarvis et al. (2014) but the position of the Strigiformes was only weakly supported by their data.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuhl2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuhl2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stiller et al. (2024) recovered the Afroaves as a clade but with the Strigiformes as <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister</a> to the Accipitrimorphae, rather than sister to the Coraciimorphae as in the Jarvis tree. Stiller et al. (2024) found that the support for their placement of the Strigiformes increased when additional taxa were included in the analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-Stiller2024_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiller2024-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216315873">.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery{display:table;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery>div{line-height:1.5em;padding:0.2em 0.4em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-caption{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-footer{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-content{display:table}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element{float:left!important;border:1px none;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;margin:1px;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.gallery-element{float:left;border:1px none;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;margin:1px;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery .no-border{border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element.vertical{float:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element caption.caption{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element th.header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element td.cladogram{padding:10px;margin:-1px 0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element td.footer{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.header.shading{background-color:#eaecf0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.cladogram.shading{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.footer.shading{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><div class="clade-gallery"><div class="main-caption">Afroaves and alternative phylogenetic arrangements</div><div class="main-content no-border"><table class="gallery-element" style="width:270px;height:270px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Jarvis <i>et al</i>. (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:270px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Telluraves" title="Telluraves">Telluraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Afroaves</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Accipitrimorphae" title="Accipitrimorphae">Accipitrimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="width:270px;height:270px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Prum <i>et al</i>. (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-Prum2015_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prum2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:270px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Telluraves" title="Telluraves">Telluraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Accipitrimorphae" title="Accipitrimorphae">Accipitrimorphae</a> (as Accipitriformes) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Eutelluraves" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelluraves">Eutelluraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="width:270px;height:270px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Houde <i>et al</i> (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-HoudeBraun2019_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoudeBraun2019-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:270px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Telluraves" title="Telluraves">Telluraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Accipitrimorphae" title="Accipitrimorphae">Accipitrimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="width:270px;height:270px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Wu <i>et al</i> (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Wuetal2024_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wuetal2024-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:270px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Telluraves" title="Telluraves">Telluraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Hieraves" title="Hieraves">Hieraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Accipitrimorphae" title="Accipitrimorphae">Accipitrimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="width:270px;height:270px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Stiller <i>et al</i> (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Stiller2024_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiller2024-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:270px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Telluraves" title="Telluraves">Telluraves</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Afroaves</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strigiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Accipitrimorphae" title="Accipitrimorphae">Accipitrimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Coraciimorphae" title="Coraciimorphae">Coraciimorphae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Australaves" title="Australaves">Australaves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afroaves&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ericson2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ericson2012_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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