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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class=" story nytapp-vi-article " xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title data-rh="true">REINVENTING THE CITY - The New York Times</title> <meta data-rh="true" name="robots" content="noarchive, max-image-preview:large"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:url" content="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/26/magazine/reinventing-the-city.html"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:title" content="REINVENTING THE CITY (Published 1987)"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:description" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image" content="https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/images/icons/defaultCrop.png?year=1987"/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:image:alt" content=""/><meta data-rh="true" property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" 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(VIKING PENGUIN)</span></p><div class="css-1gqes1i epjyd6m0"></div></div></div><ul class="css-1cgskve epjyd6m4"><li class="css-ccw2r3 epjyd6m3"><time class="css-1kjre9k e16638kd0" dateTime="1987-04-26T01:00:00-04:00">April 26, 1987</time></li></ul></div></div></header><section name="articleBody" class="meteredContent css-1r7ky0e"><div class="css-j3uhc5"><div class="css-1ve50l5"><div class="css-1si6tjw"><div class="css-p5jc4e"><figure class="" aria-label="media" role="group"><div data-testid="imageContainer-children-Image"><img alt="REINVENTING THE CITY" class="css-rq4mmj" src="https://s1.nyt.com/timesmachine/pages/1/1987/04/26/878287_360W.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale" srcSet="" decoding="async" width="1" height="1"/></div><figcaption data-testid="photoviewer-children-ImageCaption" class="css-ktho12 e3rygrp0"><span class="css-1xhm86d e1z0qqy90"><span class="css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0">Credit...</span><span><span aria-hidden="false">The New York Times Archives</span></span></span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="css-l01qyp"><div class="css-2jki3x">See the article in its original context from <br/>April 26, 1987<!-- -->,<!-- --> <span>Section <!-- -->6<!-- -->,</span> Page<!-- --> <!-- -->19<span class="css-hzz0y8"></span><a class="css-4ejn01" href="https://store.nytimes.com/collections/new-york-times-page-reprints?utm_source=nytimes&amp;utm_medium=article-page&amp;utm_campaign=reprints">Buy Reprints</a></div><div class="css-1nq039c"><a class="css-1382yzd" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1987/04/26/878287.html" type="button" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">View on timesmachine</a></div><div class="css-1gus26i">TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers.</div></div></div><div class="css-1tmubey"><div class="css-bxutwf">About the Archive</div><div class="css-2kizte">This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.</div><div class="css-2kizte">Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions.</div></div></div></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-0"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Alexander Cooper&#x27;s office does not have a drafting board. What it does have is a square black table, a large leather swivel chair, picture books of the architecture of Sir Edwin Lutyens and McKim, Mead &amp; White and a bulletin board displaying photographs of the old Pennsylvania Station, plans of the cities of Detroit and Washington and announcements about current sculpture shows. Wide windows look out to the old McGraw-Hill Building, the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center and the Hudson River waterfront.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">If Cooper were not there, it would still be possible to divine a great deal about him from this room. Just looking around, you can tell, for example, that he is interested in classical architecture and monumentality and that he is preoccupied with urban design, especially with public space and public art. You can also tell, from the relatively stark, white decor, that despite the McKim, Mead &amp; White books, Cooper is not one of those revivalists who seek literally to reproduce the classicism of old. His interest, instead, is in forging a synthesis between the monumentality of classicism and the realities of contemporary cities - in finding a way to make the sense of public nobility of classical architecture possible within the considerable constraints of modern building.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">Alexander Cooper, a tall, 50-year-old man whose relaxed manner belies his intensity, just might be the most influential architect in New York right now. Surely, no architect is having as much impact, not only on the design of individual buildings, but on the shape of wide swaths of the city. Co-designer with Stanton Eckstut of the master plan for Lower Manhattan&#x27;s Battery Park City, which may be the only large-scale development in New York in this generation to have won unanimous critical approval, Cooper is now on his own. Some of the major items on Alexander Cooper + Partners&#x27; New York agenda:</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">O TELEVISION CITY. Cooper is drawing up the master plan for Donald Trump&#x27;s megaproject, 62 acres beside the Hudson River on the Upper West Side, which will include the world&#x27;s tallest building, a 150-story multi-use tower, as well as 7,600 apartments and a vast shopping mall.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">O PENN STATION PROJECT/ MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. He is creating a blueprint for replacing Madison Square Garden with an expanded Penn Station and an office complex, and for constructing a new Garden over the rail yards near the Convention Center.</p></div><aside class="css-ew4tgv" aria-label="companion column"></aside></div><div data-testid="Dropzone-1"></div><div class="css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn" data-testid="companionColumn-1"><div class="css-53u6y8"><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">O MIDTOWN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. He is designing a new residential and hotel complex near the Convention Center.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">O BROADWAY &amp; 86TH. He is designing a large apartment house at 86th Street and Broadway.</p><p class="css-at9mc1 evys1bk0">O SOUTH PARK. He is collaborating with the artist Jennifer Bartlett and the landscape architect Bruce Kelly on a 3.5-acre park at the southern tip of Battery Park City.</p><div class="css-1336jj"><div class="css-121kum4"><div class="css-171quhb"></div><div class="css-asuuk5"><noscript><div class="css-7axq9l" data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="css-1b5b8u1"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 1 1 19 0 9.5 9.5 0 0 1-19 0Zm8.5 1.75v-7.5h2v7.5h-2Zm0 2v2h2v-2h-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div data-testid="optimistic-truncator-noscript-message" class="css-6yo1no"><p class="css-3kpklk">We are having trouble retrieving the article content.</p><p class="css-3kpklk">Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.</p></div></div></noscript><div class="css-1dv1kvn" id="optimistic-truncator-a11y" tabindex="-1"><hr/><p>Thank you for your patience while we verify access. 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Javits Convention Center and the Hudson River waterfront."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":0},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"If Cooper were not there, it would still be possible to divine a great deal about him from this room. Just looking around, you can tell, for example, that he is interested in classical architecture and monumentality and that he is preoccupied with urban design, especially with public space and public art. You can also tell, from the relatively stark, white decor, that despite the McKim, Mead & White books, Cooper is not one of those revivalists who seek literally to reproduce the classicism of old. His interest, instead, is in forging a synthesis between the monumentality of classicism and the realities of contemporary cities - in finding a way to make the sense of public nobility of classical architecture possible within the considerable constraints of modern building."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":1},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Alexander Cooper, a tall, 50-year-old man whose relaxed manner belies his intensity, just might be the most influential architect in New York right now. Surely, no architect is having as much impact, not only on the design of individual buildings, but on the shape of wide swaths of the city. Co-designer with Stanton Eckstut of the master plan for Lower Manhattan's Battery Park City, which may be the only large-scale development in New York in this generation to have won unanimous critical approval, Cooper is now on his own. Some of the major items on Alexander Cooper + Partners' New York agenda:"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"O TELEVISION CITY. Cooper is drawing up the master plan for Donald Trump's megaproject, 62 acres beside the Hudson River on the Upper West Side, which will include the world's tallest building, a 150-story multi-use tower, as well as 7,600 apartments and a vast shopping mall."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":2},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"O PENN STATION PROJECT\u002F MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. He is creating a blueprint for replacing Madison Square Garden with an expanded Penn Station and an office complex, and for constructing a new Garden over the rail yards near the Convention Center."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":3},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"O MIDTOWN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT. He is designing a new residential and hotel complex near the Convention Center."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":4},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"O BROADWAY & 86TH. He is designing a large apartment house at 86th Street and Broadway."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"O SOUTH PARK. He is collaborating with the artist Jennifer Bartlett and the landscape architect Bruce Kelly on a 3.5-acre park at the southern tip of Battery Park City."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":5},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Although his projects are dramatically reshaping New York, Cooper may exert an even greater influence as a behind-the-scenes adviser to developers and governments, a kind of Bernard Baruch of the urban environment. Real-estate developers are eager to hire him to analyze their projects' feasibility or to guide them through the thickets of the city's ever-changing zoning laws. He also serves as a member of the city's Commission on the Year 2000, and Mayor Koch named him to head a committee to study the future of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Suddenly, Alex Cooper is everywhere."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":6},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"He has become, in fact, a favored architect of both sides in the great debate that now swirls about the city: to build more, or not to build more? An urban designer with a background in city government as well as private architectural practice, Cooper is strongly in favor of more large-scale building in New York, but unlike many architects who work actively for major developers, he has not lost his credibility with anti-development forces."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":7},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''If you start out saying that the land can hold a certain number of new buildings, then his work is beautiful,'' says Judith Rossner, a novelist who has been an active opponent of the huge Television City project. ''He has done a remarkable job at developing a ludicrous plan.'' Her comments are typical of the views of many community activists, who tend to see Cooper not as a commercial architect but as a gifted designer who has taken on the wrong kind of projects."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":8},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper himself, understandably, disagrees. ''I continue to believe the city will grow and evolve,'' he says, ''but I believe that how we build is as important as what we build.'' The key, Cooper says, is ''crafting large-scale projects in such a way as to make them physically and socially beneficial. I believe that every large project that is built in this city has got to contribute something to the public realm, and if it cannot do so, then it is not worth building.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":9},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"This kind of talk could be nothing more than smart politics, and Cooper can sound as slick as many a developer. But his track record indicates a generally stronger sense of esthetic and social values. He is currently designing 200 temporary housing units for the homeless in Brownsville in Brooklyn. And in Battery Park City and other projects he has shown a genuine sensitivity to the subtler aspects of urban design. On a philosophical level at least, he still has something in common with his theoretical opponents."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":10},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Those opposition forces seem headed for a collision with the developers as the city moves toward the end of the decade. Stimulated by a booming service economy, prime neighborhoods have increasingly been given over to offices and luxury apartment buildings; Manhattan has begun to look more and more like a city of the very rich and the very poor. And the city's physical fabric is changing as dramatically as its social makeup: old brownstones are giving way to high-rise apartment towers, while the small commercial buildings that once gave midtown a comfortable, human scale are being transformed into rows of tightly packed skyscrapers. It often seems that the only neighborhoods safe from this explosion of scale are those scattered areas that the Landmarks Preservation Commission has designated as historic districts. Almost everything else appears to be up for grabs. Unlike many architects, Alex Cooper does not view the city as a blank slate; he begins with what is there, and attempts to expand upon it. To Cooper, streets and public spaces are more important than individual buildings. He speaks often of ''placeness,'' and if there is any essential quality to his work, it is not a particular look, but something less tangible, a feeling of appropriateness to where it is."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":11},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"His sensibility, then, is basically modest, although it is hard to think of anyone who undertakes such a mammoth project as Donald Trump's Television City (which was named for the television studios Trump included in the hope of luring NBC to relocate to the site) as entirely modest. But Donald Trump's switch to Cooper from Helmut Jahn, who produced the first version of the Televison City plan in 1985, is revealing. The Jahn plan called for seven futuristic towers lined up in a row in a vast open space; when it became clear that it had no chance of winning the city's approval (although Trump himself liked it), Trump fired Jahn. Cooper's subsequent plan is much more complex; it calls for streets and a tight, dense web of buildings and carefully designed parks. The Jahn plan felt like a Flash Gordon fantasy dropped onto Manhattan. The Cooper plan seems to grow out of Manhattan's present character; it feels much more like a traditional city."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":12},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"By enlisting Alex Cooper, Donald Trump was doing more than hiring a rising architect whose work stood a greater chance of winning the approval - necessary if the plan is to get the go-ahead to begin construction in 1988 -of community boards, the City Planning Commission and the Board of Estimate. Trump was also, if only for political purposes, putting a foot in the growing camp of which Alex Cooper has long been a leader - a camp that argues in favor of letting the existing parts of a city suggest the character of newer sections, and which believes in specific rather than general solutions."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":13},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''A solution in one place cannot be the same as the solution in another place -that, more than anything, is the philosophy that drives our firm,'' Cooper says. ''We believe in two things: that every part of the city has its special character, and that there can be certain public benefits to every kind of private development. Our job, as I see it, is to identify principles and goals for each project which are on the public benefit side. Making big private developments work for the public is what we try to do.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":14},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"There are, to be sure, plenty of other architects and designers who have similar thoughts, but Cooper is the first among them to parlay these ideas into urban design superstardom. Urban design is, in effect, where city planning and architecture meet, shaping standards for streets, plazas, public places and for the relationship of buildings to each other. At Battery Park City, for example, Cooper and his then-partner, Stanton Eckstut, determined the height, shape and location of buildings and set design guidelines that required certain materials, and details. They did not actually design anything themselves, however, except the esplanade that lines the waterfront."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":15},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"For all his concern with maintaining and extending the city's existing character, Cooper has not been an unstinting supporter of the prime legal mechanism for doing this, the city's landmarks law. In a gesture that surely pleased the real-estate community far more than community activists, his committee - charged with reevaluating the city's landmarking process -recommended that the Landmarks Preservation Commission lose its power to designate landmarks at any time, and be permitted to designate landmarks only during certain limited periods. The recommendation, which is still being considered, would sharply reduce the power of the commission."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":16},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper started out as a straightforward architect. A native of Pittsburgh, he graduated from Yale in 1958 and from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962. His first job was with Philip Johnson; he then worked for Edward Larrabee Barnes, but a growing interest in larger issues of city planning led him, in 1968, to join the city's Housing and Development Administration as director of design. From there he moved into full-time urban design as director of the Urban Design Group of the City Planning Department. In 1973 he was appointed to the City Planning Commission, becoming one of the few professional employees of the planning department ever to move onto the commission that oversees the city's planning efforts. (His term ended in 1978.) Cooper's firm, which was founded in 1979 as Alexander Cooper Associates and in 1981 became Cooper Eckstut Associates, is now probably the preeminent presence in urban design in the country, with 5 partners and a total of 65 employees. Indeed, its only rival is the Ehrenkrantz Group & Eckstut, the combined practice that Cooper's former partner, Stanton Eckstut, established when he left to join forces with the Ehrenkrantz Group last September."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":17},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Battery Park City, the 92-acre complex on landfill in the Hudson River beside the World Trade Center, exemplifies the work of Cooper and Eckstut. Like all of Cooper's work, it is non-utopian, full of elements that we recognize from the existing city, but made cleaner, neater, more nearly ideal in form. Instead of towers and platforms and bleak concrete plazas, there is a small park that hints at Gramercy Park, rows of buildings that resemble Riverside Drive and Central Park West, and a waterfront esplanade, designed by Eckstut, that calls to mind the one in Brooklyn Heights."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":18},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Right in the center of the ''new'' Battery Park City is a piece of what might be called the old Battery Park City, a group of concrete towers left over from an earlier master plan that was rejected in favor of the present one. The towers are harsh, and they stand in the midst of open space, with no relationship to traditional streets and urban space."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":true,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":19},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The crucial idea in the Cooper and Eckstut plan for the completion of the huge complex was to go in the opposite direction entirely from this misguided initial phase. Instead of putting in the buildings first and letting everything else fill in around them, they designed and built the streets, the parks and the esplanade - all of the elements that collectively make up public space -first. The buildings were then set along the street lines, in the manner of New York's older neighborhoods, and strict guidelines limited their architects to particular materials, building bulk and details. The office sector, a complex called the World Financial Center and designed by Cesar Pelli, was built to similar guidelines that determined the placement of the buildings and the prominence of the public plazas that surround them."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":20},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper knows that Television City is controversial because of its gargantuan bulk, and his taking it on was as much of a gamble as it was for Donald Trump to have hired him: it certainly did not help his stock with such planning advocacy groups as, for example, the Municipal Art Society, which has always considered Cooper an ally. Although Cooper and Eckstut had decided to separate their practice before Cooper began work for Trump, Television City seems by nature more a Cooper project than an Eckstut one; Eckstut by temperament is less inclined than Cooper to be comfortable working for as flashy a developer as Trump and, indeed, tends to be more skeptical than Cooper both of very large-scale development and of certain very large-scale developers. Eckstut did agree, however, some months after Cooper took on the Trump project to work with Samuel Lefrak in improving the huge Newport City project on the New Jersey side of the Hudson - an assignment that Eckstut says he accepted in large part because of Lefrak's commitment to providing affordable, middle-class housing on the Newport City site. ''I don't have the Battery Park City granite budgets to work with over there,'' he says, ''but I do have the chance to add a degree of urbanity to a place that is really going to get built, and that people will be able to afford.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":21},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Television City is aimed at a very different, much more upscale market than Newport City and this, together with the overwhelming size of the proposed project, has kept many community leaders from supporting it. ''The hope when Alex got this job was that he would be able to convince his client that the program is outrageous on any decent urban scale, but he has failed to do this,'' says Steven Robinson, an architect and a leader of Westpride, a community-based environmental group that opposes the project. ''I'm afraid that Alex has fallen into the trap of designing something that accedes to the level of density that will make it horrible, no matter how well designed it is. If it is built as designed, it will be a terrible place, and I think Alex will be as horrified as the rest of us.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":22},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper is unpersuaded by such criticism. ''I hope the project can be dealt with on its merits,'' he says. ''The problem is that the anti-development spirit in this city is very, very strong right now. The forces arraying themselves against Trump are formidable. A lot of people are now saying that no development is superior to development. This has to do with social change, with the physical form of the city, with things as basic as not wanting to subject one's children to the noise and mess of a construction site in your neighborhood."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":23},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''But there is also the density issue, and I recognize that. Clearly, density is perceived to be a powerful issue. There are certain projects that can never make sense, like the proposal by First Boston Corporation to put a huge tower at 383 Madison Avenue, right in the middle of the central core of midtown. No level of public amenity is going to make that building make sense."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":24},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''But what we are trying to do at Television City is different. There is room by the river, and we are providing a level of public amenity that makes this immense size justifiable -parks, waterfront promenades and so forth. The world's tallest building demands an extraordinary situation. But if there is any place that such a skyscraper makes sense, it is here.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":25},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"When Cooper speaks of the world's tallest building, he sounds not a little defensive, and he makes no bones about the fact that he would not have included it in the project had Trump not insisted on it."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":26},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Alex Cooper may be an unusually thoughtful developer's architect, but he is a developer's architect nevertheless, and he consistently rejects the notion that Manhattan has become too densely built-up. ''The reason I love New York is because of its intensity and concentration and services, and access,'' he said in a recent conversation. ''I think a lot of the reaction against building today is a fear of change more than it is a fear of density. I sympathize with that because there aren't too many models for change that make a lot of sense out there. But construction will continue - this market is bottomless. Building is not the problem the city faces.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":27},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper regards the process of gentrification, the conversion of low or middle-income neighborhoods into more expensive ones, with a similar kind of acceptance. ''The northward barrier on the East Side of Manhattan used to be 96th Street,'' he said. ''Now it's 116th Street. There is more and more investment in older, four- or five-story buildings in those areas. People in Harlem are scared, and correctly so. I have never been troubled by gentrification, because it has brought investment into the city where public policy has never been able to do it by itself. But at some point the rental units in this city are going to evaporate. We are going from a city of renters to a city of home owners, and we don't yet have a mechanism for bringing home ownership to a broader group of people."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":28},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''I don't think there is going to be any public money for subsidized housing,'' Cooper says. ''It will only come from the private sector, and ultimately it will have to come from linkage'' - requiring that builders of profitable projects underwrite low-income housing, thus ''linking'' one kind of development with another, which has been used in several cities, and most intensely in San Francisco. ''Linkage is something we have always avoided in New York, but I think it will have to come - there will be no other way.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":29},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper's years on the City Planning Commission have given him a strong sense of the ebb and flow of the city as a whole, and a commitment to the belief that the process, if occasionally unfair, is basically right. He points with particular pride to the neighborhood outside his office window, the area around the convention center on the West Side, which he is convinced is where the forces shaping Manhattan's growth have marshalled themselves for the next major move."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":30},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper has several major commissions here, including one he calls the most complex of his life - the ambitious project to relocate Madison Square Garden and to expand Penn Station and erect office towers over it as a means of paying for the entire scheme. The plan, scheduled for completion in 1994, calls for raising the roof of Penn Station to incorporate a glass-covered 25-foot-high waiting room; placing office towers on the north and south sides of the site; building a new, larger arena over the rail yards on 11th Avenue; building a parking garage to serve the new garden and the convention center (which currently lacks parking), and extending a transit line from Penn Station westward to serve the new facilities. Cooper is also studying the feasibility of placing either office towers or high-rise apartments around the new garden. It is a perfect Alex Cooper project - highly intricate, full of potential public benefits - and all predicated on private development, in this instance Gulf & Western Corp., owners of Madison Square Garden, and its designated real-estate developer, the Georgetown Group."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":31},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper is carefully studying the old Pennsylvania Station, torn down in 1963, and he has based some of the internal organization of the proposed expanded station on Charles McKim's great original, which he says he has come more and more to respect the more he analyzes it. The early studies show a facade for Eighth Avenue that alludes very loosely to the classical rhythms of the old Pennsylvania Station, although at this stage it lacks not only the actual details of the original, but also its grace of composition. For all that he is producing more architecture than he used to, Cooper has not yet become a master of detail and proportion."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":32},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The size of the proposed office towers for Madison Square Garden's current site is daunting; in total bulk the towers would contain 4.5 million square feet, more office space than in the four highly controversial office towers that have been proposed for Times Square."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":true,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":33},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Cooper seems almost as interested in the larger question of the convention center area as he does in this particular project. ''The convention center is going to generate a whole series of events that will shape the West Side even more than Television City,'' he says, and he points to Hudson Center, a proposed development on the piers, as well as to the studies undertaken by the Port Authority to develop more land in the area."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":true,"bad":false,"index":34},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''This area is the logical next jump -in fact, the only next jump, the only place in midtown that is going to be able to accommodate to the kind of large sites that you can build out of town,'' says Marshall Rose, the developer who heads the Georgetown Group."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":true,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":35},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"Competing with other areas, and most particularly the suburbs, is especially important to Cooper. ''New York must get into the economic trenches and realize that we are in an economic war,'' he says. ''The city has to be more aggressive - I think it should do almost anything to keep companies here. If that means more office space, bigger floors for back offices, tax abatements, cheap power, whatever, it is worth doing. It's just too easy otherwise for them to pick up and move right across the river'' - as NBC has threatened to do, instead of making its new headquarters in Television City."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":true,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":36},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"The qualities that will ultimately save New York, though, are the ones that have always defined it, or so Alex Cooper believes - a sense of energy, a sense of excitement, a sense of possibility that exceeds that of anywhere else. Nowhere but in New York, surely, would an architect like Cooper be as likely to team up with an artist like Jennifer Bartlett, who is noted for her large-scale landscape paintings, built around panels and grids and particularly architectural in their sensibility. to produce a park like the one they are working on for Battery Park City, a park that will be at once a work of art, architecture and landscape architecture. This particular project excites Alex Cooper more than jobs 20 times its size; at a recent meeting, when Jennifer Bartlett, an intense, lively woman who clearly takes no nonsense from anyone, walked into his conference room, Cooper's eyes lit up and he took on more the countenance of an eager apprentice than an elder statesman of urban design."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":37},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''The other day I was thinking about what has really changed in this city, and what is really going to change, and I realize it is much more profound than just the new buildings,'' he said recently. ''It was a morning when I got up early to catch a plane. I called a radio cab, which I realized I would not have done several years ago, and stopped first at a cash machine, which I could not have done a few years ago, either. On the way to the tunnel, I counted five all-night groceries. I'm not sure what physical project could change people's lives as much as this change in the total convenience of services has done - everything is available, 24 hours a day, all over the place. That defines New York more than any buildings."}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"},{"__typename":"Dropzone","adsDesktop":false,"adsDesktopHoldout":false,"adsHybrid":false,"adsMobile":false,"adsMobileHoldout":false,"bad":false,"index":38},{"__typename":"ParagraphBlock","content":[{"__typename":"TextInline","formats":[],"text":"''You know, it isn't that New York is finished, or anything like that. Given an equal choice, I think people want to stay in New York. The problem is that we haven't always given them an equal choice - and that, I think, is the essence of what our job is.''"}],"textAlign":"DEFAULT"}]},"storyFormat":null,"storylines":[{"__typename":"AssociatedStoryline","ruleName":"styln-nyt-magazine","storyline":{"__typename":"Storyline","context":null,"displayName":"NYT Magazine","experimentalJsonBlob":"{\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"experimentalJsonBlob\",\"data\":[{\"version\":1,\"type\":\"guide\",\"data\":{\"title\":\"Explore The New York Times Magazine\",\"leadIn\":\"\",\"sections\":[{\"section\":[{\"type\":\"bulletedList\",\"value\":[\"\u003Cstrong\u003EA Global War on ‘Gender Ideology’: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EPresident Trump is allying with \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2025\u002F02\u002F08\u002Fmagazine\u002Fgender-ideology-trump-orban.html\\\"\u003Ea movement that stretches to Hungary and Poland\u003C\u002Fa\u003E — one that looks with skepticism not just on trans rights but on feminism 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