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A. Al-Qallaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Al-Mawsawi"> S. A. Al-Mawsawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Haider"> A. Haider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to evaluate the performance of a unified power flow controller (UPFC), mathematical models for steady state and dynamic analysis are to be developed. The steady state model is mainly concerned with the incorporation of the UPFC in load flow studies. Several load flow models for UPFC have been introduced in literature, and one of the most reliable models is the decoupled UPFC model. In spite of UPFC decoupled load flow model simplicity, it is more robust compared to other UPFC load flow models and it contains unique capabilities. Some shortcoming such as additional set of nonlinear equations are to be solved separately after the load flow solution is obtained. The aim of this study is to investigate the different control strategies that can be realized in the decoupled load flow model (individual control and combined control), and the impact of the location of the UPFC in the network on its control parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPFC" title="UPFC">UPFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoupled%20model" title=" decoupled model"> decoupled model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow" title=" load flow"> load flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20parameters" title=" control parameters"> control parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12911/investigation-of-different-control-stratgies-for-upfc-decoupled-model-and-the-impact-of-location-on-control-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7282</span> Power Flow and Modal Analysis of a Power System Including Unified Power Flow Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djilani%20Kobibi%20Youcef%20Islam">Djilani Kobibi Youcef Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadjeri%20Samir"> Hadjeri Samir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehaf%20Mohamed%20Abdeldjalil"> Djehaf Mohamed Abdeldjalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology is a new advanced solution that increases the reliability and provides more flexibility, controllability, and stability of a power system. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), as the most versatile FACTS device for regulating power flow, is able to control respectively transmission line real power, reactive power, and node voltage. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the UPFC on the load flow, the power losses, and the voltage stability using NEPLAN software modules, Newton-Raphson load flow is used for the power flow analysis and the modal analysis is used for the study of the voltage stability. The simulation was carried out on the IEEE 14-bus test system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FACTS" title="FACTS">FACTS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow" title=" load flow"> load flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20analysis" title=" modal analysis"> modal analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UPFC" title=" UPFC"> UPFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20stability" title=" voltage stability"> voltage stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41037/power-flow-and-modal-analysis-of-a-power-system-including-unified-power-flow-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7281</span> Load Flow Analysis of 5-IEEE Bus Test System Using Matlab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Abaal">H. Abaal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Skouri"> R. Skouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A power flow analysis is a steady-state study of power grid. The goal of power flow analysis is to determine the voltages, currents, and real and reactive power flows in a system under a given load conditions. In this paper, the load flow analysis program by Newton Raphson polar coordinates Method is developed. The effectiveness of the developed program is evaluated through a simple 5-IEEE test system bus by simulations using MATLAB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20flow%20analysis" title="power flow analysis">power flow analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newton%20Raphson%20polar%20coordinates%20method" title=" Newton Raphson polar coordinates method"> Newton Raphson polar coordinates method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22344/load-flow-analysis-of-5-ieee-bus-test-system-using-matlab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7280</span> Influence of Leakage Flow on the Suction Performance of a Mixed Flow Pump with Semi-Open Casing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ujjwal%20Shrestha">Ujjwal Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Do%20Choi"> Young-Do Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixed-flow pump plays a significant role in industry and agricultural fields. Cavitation and leakage flow are major concerns for the mixed-flow pump. Leakage flow is caused due to the tip clearance gap, which induces pressure fluctuation and cavitation in the mixed flow pump. Cavitation bubbles are formed due to the drop of local static pressure below vapor pressure at a given temperature. Cavitation bubbles will move toward the high-pressure region and collapse due to pressure differences. The bursting of cavitation bubbles induces pressure fluctuations and shock waves in the impeller flow passage. The focus of the study is to evaluate the influence of the leakage gap on the suction performance of a mixed-flow pump with a semi-open casing. The critical cavitation number is relatively higher in full load conditions compared to partial load conditions. The additional CFD analysis will help to correlate suction performance and leakage flow in a mixed-flow pump with a semi-open casing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20flow%20pump" title="mixed flow pump">mixed flow pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20flow" title=" leakage flow"> leakage flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suction%20performance" title=" suction performance"> suction performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-open%20casing" title=" semi-open casing"> semi-open casing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198255/influence-of-leakage-flow-on-the-suction-performance-of-a-mixed-flow-pump-with-semi-open-casing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7279</span> Compilation of Load Spectrum of Loader Drive Axle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yongxiang">Wei Yongxiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Haoyue"> Zhu Haoyue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tang%20Heng"> Tang Heng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan%20Qunwei"> Yuan Qunwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to study the preparation method of gear fatigue load spectrum for loaders, the load signal of four typical working conditions of loader is collected. The signal that reflects the law of load change is obtained by preprocessing the original signal. The torque of the drive axle is calculated by using the rain flow counting method. According to the operating time ratio of each working condition, the two-dimensional load spectrum based on the real working conditions of the drive axle of loader is established by the cycle extrapolation and synthesis method. The two-dimensional load spectrum is converted into one-dimensional load spectrum by means of the mean of torque equal damage method. Torque amplification includes the maximum load torque of the main reduction gear. Based on the theory of equal damage, the accelerated cycles are calculated. In this way, the load spectrum of the loading condition of the drive axle is prepared to reflect loading condition of the loader. The load spectrum can provide reference for fatigue life test and life prediction of loader drive axle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20spectrum" title="load spectrum">load spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axle" title=" axle"> axle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque" title=" torque"> torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain-flow%20counting%20method" title=" rain-flow counting method"> rain-flow counting method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extrapolation" title=" extrapolation"> extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78796/compilation-of-load-spectrum-of-loader-drive-axle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7278</span> A Joint Possibilistic-Probabilistic Tool for Load Flow Uncertainty Assessment-Part I: Formulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Aien">Morteza Aien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rashidinejad"> Masoud Rashidinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Fotuhi-Firuzabad"> Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As energetic and environmental issues are getting more and more attention all around the world, the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) mainly those harvesting renewable energies (REs) ascends with an unprecedented rate. This matter causes more uncertainties to appear in the power system context; ergo, the uncertainty analysis of the system performance is an obligation. The uncertainties of any system can be represented probabilistically or possibilistically. Since sufficient historical data about all the system variables is not available, therefore, they do not have a probability density function (PDF) and must be represented possibilistiacally. When some of system uncertain variables are probabilistic and some are possibilistic, neither the conventional pure probabilistic nor pure possibilistic methods can be implemented. Hence, a combined solution is appealed. The first of this two-paper series formulates a new possibilistic-probabilistic tool for the load flow uncertainty assessment. The proposed methodology is based on the evidence theory and joint propagation of possibilistic and probabilistic uncertainties. This possibilistic- probabilistic formulation is solved in the second companion paper in an uncertain load flow (ULF) study problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20uncertainty%20modeling" title="probabilistic uncertainty modeling">probabilistic uncertainty modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=possibilistic%20uncertainty%20modeling" title=" possibilistic uncertainty modeling"> possibilistic uncertainty modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertain%20load%20flow" title=" uncertain load flow"> uncertain load flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20generator" title=" wind turbine generator"> wind turbine generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15352/a-joint-possibilistic-probabilistic-tool-for-load-flow-uncertainty-assessment-part-i-formulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7277</span> Worst-Case Load Shedding in Electric Power Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fu%20Lin">Fu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider the worst-case load-shedding problem in electric power networks where a number of transmission lines are to be taken out of service. The objective is to identify a prespecified number of line outages that lead to the maximum interruption of power generation and load at the transmission level, subject to the active power-flow model, the load and generation capacity of the buses, and the phase-angle limit across the transmission lines. For this nonlinear model with binary constraints, we show that all decision variables are separable except for the nonlinear power-flow equations. We develop an iterative decomposition algorithm, which converts the worst-case load shedding problem into a sequence of small subproblems. We show that the subproblems are either convex problems that can be solved efficiently or nonconvex problems that have closed-form solutions. Consequently, our approach is scalable for large networks. Furthermore, we prove the convergence of our algorithm to a critical point, and the objective value is guaranteed to decrease throughout the iterations. Numerical experiments with IEEE test cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20shedding" title="load shedding">load shedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system" title=" power system"> power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximal%20alternating%20linearization%20method" title=" proximal alternating linearization method"> proximal alternating linearization method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability%20analysis" title=" vulnerability analysis"> vulnerability analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113233/worst-case-load-shedding-in-electric-power-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7276</span> Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Zonal Load Prediction Using a Transfer Learning-Based Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junyu%20Chen">Junyu Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Xu"> Peng Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of global efforts to enhance building energy efficiency, accurate thermal load forecasting is crucial for both device sizing and predictive control. Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems are widely used in buildings around the world, yet VRF zonal load prediction has received limited attention. Due to differences between VRF zones in building-level prediction methods, zone-level load forecasting could significantly enhance accuracy. Given that modern VRF systems generate high-quality data, this paper introduces transfer learning to leverage this data and further improve prediction performance. This framework also addresses the challenge of predicting load for building zones with no historical data, offering greater accuracy and usability compared to pure white-box models. The study first establishes an initial variable set of VRF zonal building loads and generates a foundational white-box database using EnergyPlus. Key variables for VRF zonal loads are identified using methods including SRRC, PRCC, and Random Forest. XGBoost and LSTM are employed to generate pre-trained black-box models based on the white-box database. Finally, real-world data is incorporated into the pre-trained model using transfer learning to enhance its performance in operational buildings. In this paper, zone-level load prediction was integrated with transfer learning, and a framework was proposed to improve the accuracy and applicability of VRF zonal load prediction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zonal%20load%20prediction" title="zonal load prediction">zonal load prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20refrigerant%20flow%20%28VRF%29%20system" title=" variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system"> variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20learning" title=" transfer learning"> transfer learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energyplus" title=" energyplus"> energyplus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191023/variable-refrigerant-flow-vrf-zonal-load-prediction-using-a-transfer-learning-based-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7275</span> Intelligent Minimal Allocation of Capacitors in Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Neelima">S. Neelima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Subramanyam"> P. S. Subramanyam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A distribution system is an interface between the bulk power system and the consumers. Among these systems, radial distributions system is popular because of low cost and simple design. In distribution systems, the voltages at buses reduces when moved away from the substation, also the losses are high. The reason for a decrease in voltage and high losses is the insufficient amount of reactive power, which can be provided by the shunt capacitors. But the placement of the capacitor with an appropriate size is always a challenge. Thus, the optimal capacitor placement problem is to determine the location and size of capacitors to be placed in distribution networks in an efficient way to reduce the power losses and improve the voltage profile of the system. For this purpose, in this paper, two stage methodologies are used. In the first stage, the load flow of pre-compensated distribution system is carried out using ‘dimension reducing distribution load flow algorithm (DRDLFA)’. On the basis of this load flow the potential locations of compensation are computed. In the second stage, Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique is used to determine the optimal location and size of the capacitors such that the cost of the energy loss and capacitor cost to be a minimum. The above method is tested on IEEE 9 and 34 bus system and compared with other methods in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimension%20reducing%20distribution%20load%20flow%20algorithm" title="dimension reducing distribution load flow algorithm">dimension reducing distribution load flow algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DRDLFA" title=" DRDLFA"> DRDLFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20distribution%20network" title=" electrical distribution network"> electrical distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20capacitors%20placement" title=" optimal capacitors placement"> optimal capacitors placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20profile%20improvement" title=" voltage profile improvement"> voltage profile improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20reduction" title=" loss reduction"> loss reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34573/intelligent-minimal-allocation-of-capacitors-in-distribution-networks-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7274</span> A Joint Possibilistic-Probabilistic Tool for Load Flow Uncertainty Assessment-Part II: Case Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Aien">Morteza Aien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rashidinejad"> Masoud Rashidinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Fotuhi-Firuzabad"> Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power systems are innately uncertain systems. To face with such uncertain systems, robust uncertainty assessment tools are appealed. This paper inspects the uncertainty assessment formulation of the load flow (LF) problem considering different kinds of uncertainties, developed in its companion paper through some case studies. The proposed methodology is based on the evidence theory and joint propagation of possibilistic and probabilistic uncertainties. The load and wind power generation are considered as probabilistic uncertain variables and the electric vehicles (EVs) and gas turbine distributed generation (DG) units are considered as possibilistic uncertain variables. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the system output parameters obtained by the pure probabilistic method lies within the belief and plausibility functions obtained by the joint propagation approach. Furthermore, the imprecision in the DG parameters is explicitly reflected by the gap between the belief and plausibility functions. This gap, due to the epistemic uncertainty on the DG resources parameters grows as the penetration level increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20possibilistic-%20probabilistic%20uncertainty%20modeling" title=" joint possibilistic- probabilistic uncertainty modeling"> joint possibilistic- probabilistic uncertainty modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertain%20load%20flow" title=" uncertain load flow"> uncertain load flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine%20generator" title=" wind turbine generator"> wind turbine generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15353/a-joint-possibilistic-probabilistic-tool-for-load-flow-uncertainty-assessment-part-ii-case-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7273</span> Load Relaxation Behavior of Ferritic Stainless Steels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Hong%20Min">Seok Hong Min</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-temperature deformation behavior of ferritic stainless steels such as STS 409L, STS 430J1L, and STS 429EM has been investigated in this study. Specimens with fully annealed microstructure were obtained by heat treatment. A series of load relaxation tests has been conducted on these samples at temperatures ranging from 200 to 900oC to construct flow curves in the strain rate range from 10-6 s-1 to 10-3 s-1. Strain hardening was not observed at high temperatures above 800oC in any stainless steels. Load relaxation behavior at the temperature was closely related with high-temperature mechanical properties such as the thermal fatigue and tensile behaviors. Load drop ratio of 436L stainless steel was much higher than that of the other steels. With increasing temperature, strength and load drop ratio of ferritic stainless steels showed entirely different trends. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferritic%20stainless%20steel" title="ferritic stainless steel">ferritic stainless steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature%20deformation" title=" high temperature deformation"> high temperature deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20relaxation" title=" load relaxation"> load relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20rate%20sensitivity" title=" strain rate sensitivity"> strain rate sensitivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47843/load-relaxation-behavior-of-ferritic-stainless-steels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7272</span> Toward a Characteristic Optimal Power Flow Model for Temporal Constraints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zongjie%20Wang">Zongjie Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhizhong%20Guo"> Zhizhong Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While the regular optimal power flow model focuses on a single time scan, the optimization of power systems is typically intended for a time duration with respect to a desired objective function. In this paper, a temporal optimal power flow model for a time period is proposed. To reduce the computation burden needed for calculating temporal optimal power flow, a characteristic optimal power flow model is proposed, which employs different characteristic load patterns to represent the objective function and security constraints. A numerical method based on the interior point method is also proposed for solving the characteristic optimal power flow model. Both the temporal optimal power flow model and characteristic optimal power flow model can improve the systems’ desired objective function for the entire time period. Numerical studies are conducted on the IEEE 14 and 118-bus test systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed characteristic optimal power flow model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20power%20flow" title="optimal power flow">optimal power flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20period" title=" time period"> time period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy" title=" economy"> economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61552/toward-a-characteristic-optimal-power-flow-model-for-temporal-constraints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7271</span> An Experimental Study of Downstream Structures on the Flow-Induced Vibrations Energy Harvester Performances </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakorn%20Uttayopas">Pakorn Uttayopas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chawalit%20Kittichaikarn"> Chawalit Kittichaikarn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental investigation for the characteristics of an energy harvesting device exploiting flow-induced vibration in a wind tunnel. A stationary bluff body is connected with a downstream tip body via an aluminium cantilever beam. Various lengths of aluminium cantilever beam and different shapes of downstream tip body are considered. The results show that the characteristics of the energy harvester’s vibration depend on both the length of the aluminium cantilever beam and the shape of the downstream tip body. The highest ratio between vibration amplitude and bluff body diameter was found to be 1.39 for an energy harvester with a symmetrical triangular tip body and L/D<sub>1</sub> = 5 at 9.8 m/s of flow speed (Re = 20077). Using this configuration, the electrical energy was extracted with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric beam with different load resistances, of which the optimal value could be found on each Reynolds number. The highest power output was found to be 3.19 µW, at 9.8 m/s of flow speed (Re = 20077) and 27 MΩ of load resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downstream%20structures" title="downstream structures">downstream structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title=" energy harvesting"> energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow-induced%20vibration" title=" flow-induced vibration"> flow-induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20material" title=" piezoelectric material"> piezoelectric material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92011/an-experimental-study-of-downstream-structures-on-the-flow-induced-vibrations-energy-harvester-performances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7270</span> Proposed Location of Grid Connected Wind-Pv Hybrid System Based on Load Flow and Voltage Stability Indices Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bazilah%20Ismail">Bazilah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20%20Mat%20Naain"> Muhammad Mat Naain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Alhamrouni"> Ibrahim Alhamrouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lilik%20Jamilatul%20Awalin"> Lilik Jamilatul Awalin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Albatsh"> Fadi Albatsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Fairuz%20Abdul%20Hamid"> Mohd Fairuz Abdul Hamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rapid depletion and prices of the conventional energy sources have stimulated the development of the renewable energy source (RES). Due to the unpredicted and intermittent nature of RES, the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is the best solution to complement the nature of the respective sources, and the combination of the wind and solar energy is rapidly gaining popularity. The significant challenges on the operation and planning of the grid system with a high HRES penetration has become an important subject since the location of HRES plant give impact towards the existing system. This paper aims to propose the location of the grid connected Wind-PV hybrid plant (WPHP) based on load flow and voltage stability indices study. Several case studies are carried out using IEEE 14 bus system, and the system is modeled and tested in DigSILENT PowerFactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20renewable%20energy%20system" title="hybrid renewable energy system">hybrid renewable energy system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20farm" title=" wind farm"> wind farm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20system" title=" photovoltaic system"> photovoltaic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20stability%20and%20load%20flow" title=" voltage stability and load flow"> voltage stability and load flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60502/proposed-location-of-grid-connected-wind-pv-hybrid-system-based-on-load-flow-and-voltage-stability-indices-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60502.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7269</span> Tabu Search to Draw Evacuation Plans in Emergency Situations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nasri">S. Nasri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bouziri"> H. Bouziri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Disasters are quite experienced in our days. They are caused by floods, landslides, and building fires that is the main objective of this study. To cope with these unexpected events, precautions must be taken to protect human lives. The emphasis on disposal work focuses on the resolution of the evacuation problem in case of no-notice disaster. The problem of evacuation is listed as a dynamic network flow problem. Particularly, we model the evacuation problem as an earliest arrival flow problem with load dependent transit time. This problem is classified as NP-Hard. Our challenge here is to propose a metaheuristic solution for solving the evacuation problem. We define our objective as the maximization of evacuees during earliest periods of a time horizon T. The objective provides the evacuation of persons as soon as possible. We performed an experimental study on emergency evacuation from the tunisian children’s hospital. This work prompts us to look for evacuation plans corresponding to several situations where the network dynamically changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20network%20flow" title="dynamic network flow">dynamic network flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20dependent%20transit%20time" title=" load dependent transit time"> load dependent transit time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evacuation%20strategy" title=" evacuation strategy"> evacuation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earliest%20arrival%20flow%20problem" title=" earliest arrival flow problem"> earliest arrival flow problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tabu%20search%20metaheuristic" title=" tabu search metaheuristic"> tabu search metaheuristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12984/tabu-search-to-draw-evacuation-plans-in-emergency-situations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7268</span> The Acute Effects of Higher Versus Lower Load Duration and Intensity on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of the Healthy Achilles Tendon: A Randomized Crossover Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Merza">Eman Merza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Pearson"> Stephen Pearson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glen%20Lichtwark"> Glen Lichtwark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Malliaras"> Peter Malliaras</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Achilles tendon (AT) exhibits volume changes related to fluid flow under acute load which may be linked to changes in stiffness. Fluid flow provides a mechanical signal for cellular activity and may be one mechanism that facilitates tendon adaptation. This study aimed to investigate whether isometric intervention involving a high level of load duration and intensity could maximize the immediate reduction in AT volume and stiffness compared to interventions involving a lower level of load duration and intensity. Sixteen healthy participants (12 males, 4 females; age= 24.4 ± 9.4 years; body mass= 70.9 ± 16.1 kg; height= 1.7 ± 0.1 m) performed three isometric interventions of varying levels of load duration (2 s and 8 s) and intensity (35% and 75% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) over a 3 week period. Freehand 3D ultrasound was used to measure free AT volume (at rest) and length (at 35%, 55%, and 75% of maximum plantarflexion force) pre- and post-interventions. The slope of the force-elongation curve over these force levels represented individual stiffness (N/mm). Large reductions in free AT volume and stiffness resulted in response to long-duration high-intensity loading whilst less reduction was produced with a lower load intensity. In contrast, no change in free AT volume and a small increase in AT stiffness occurred with lower load duration. These findings suggest that the applied load on the AT must be heavy and sustained for a long duration to maximize immediate volume reduction, which might be an acute response that enables optimal long-term tendon adaptation via mechanotransduction pathways. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achilles%20tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume" title=" volume"> volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20tendon" title=" free tendon"> free tendon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20ultrasound" title=" 3d ultrasound"> 3d ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161744/the-acute-effects-of-higher-versus-lower-load-duration-and-intensity-on-morphological-and-mechanical-properties-of-the-healthy-achilles-tendon-a-randomized-crossover-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7267</span> Consumer Load Profile Determination with Entropy-Based K-Means Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20P.%20Panapakidis">Ioannis P. Panapakidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marios%20N.%20Moschakis"> Marios N. Moschakis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the continuous increment of smart meter installations across the globe, the need for processing of the load data is evident. Clustering-based load profiling is built upon the utilization of unsupervised machine learning tools for the purpose of formulating the typical load curves or load profiles. The most commonly used algorithm in the load profiling literature is the K-means. While the algorithm has been successfully tested in a variety of applications, its drawback is the strong dependence in the initialization phase. This paper proposes a novel modified form of the K-means that addresses the aforementioned problem. Simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared to the K-means. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20profiling" title=" load profiling"> load profiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20modeling" title=" load modeling"> load modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency%20and%20quality" title=" energy efficiency and quality"> energy efficiency and quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89525/consumer-load-profile-determination-with-entropy-based-k-means-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7266</span> PSS®E Based Modelling, Simulation and Synchronous Interconnection of Eastern Grid and North-Eastern Regional Grid of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toushik%20Maiti">Toushik Maiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saibal%20Chatterjee"> Saibal Chatterjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamaljyoti%20Gogoi"> Kamaljyoti Gogoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arijit%20Basuray"> Arijit Basuray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eastern Regional(ER) Grid and North Eastern Regional (NER) Grid are two major grids of Eastern Part of India. Both of the grid consists of voltage level 765kV, 400 kV, 220 kV and numerous buses at lower voltage range. Eastern Regional Grid and North Eastern Regional Grid are not only connected among themselves but are also connected to various other grids of India. ER and NER Grid having various HVDC lines or back to back systems which form the total network. The studied system comprises of 340 buses of different voltage levels and transmission lines running over a length of 32089 km. The validation of load flow has been done using IEEE STANDARD 30 bus system. The power flow simulation analysis has been performed after synchronizing both the Eastern Grid and North-Eastern Regional Grid of India using Power System Simulators for Engineering (PSS®E) Important inferences has been drawn from the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVDC" title="HVDC">HVDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow" title=" load flow"> load flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSS%C2%AEE" title=" PSS®E"> PSS®E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsymmetrical%20and%20symmetrical%20faults" title=" unsymmetrical and symmetrical faults "> unsymmetrical and symmetrical faults </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66283/psse-based-modelling-simulation-and-synchronous-interconnection-of-eastern-grid-and-north-eastern-regional-grid-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7265</span> Load Management Using Multiple Sequential Load Shaping Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Attia">Amira M. Attia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20H.%20Youssef"> Karim H. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabil%20H.%20Abbasi"> Nabil H. Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Demand Side Management (DSM) is an essential characteristic of current and future smart grid systems. As one of DSM functions, load management aims to control customers’ total electric consumption and utility’s load factor by using various load shaping techniques. However, applying load shaping techniques such as load shifting, peak clipping, or strategic conservation individually does not provide the desired level of improvement for load factor increment and/or customer’s bill reduction. In this paper, two load shaping techniques will be simulated as constrained optimization problems. The purpose is to reflect the application of combined load shifting and strategic conservation model together at the same time, and the application of combined load shifting and peak clipping model as well. The problem will be formulated and solved by using disciplined convex programming (CVX) based MATLAB® R2013b. Simulation results will be evaluated and compared for studying the most impactful multi-techniques model in improving load curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20programing" title="convex programing">convex programing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20side%20management" title=" demand side management"> demand side management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20shaping" title=" load shaping"> load shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple" title=" multiple"> multiple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20energy%20optimization" title=" building energy optimization"> building energy optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91746/load-management-using-multiple-sequential-load-shaping-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7264</span> Digital Twin of Real Electrical Distribution System with Real Time Recursive Load Flow Calculation and State Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anosh%20Arshad%20Sundhu">Anosh Arshad Sundhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Giordano"> Francesco Giordano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giacomo%20Della%20Croce"> Giacomo Della Croce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maurizio%20Arnone"> Maurizio Arnone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital Twin (DT) is a technology that generates a virtual representation of a physical system or process, enabling real-time monitoring, analysis, and simulation. DT of an Electrical Distribution System (EDS) can perform online analysis by integrating the static and real-time data in order to show the current grid status and predictions about the future status to the Distribution System Operator (DSO), producers and consumers. DT technology for EDS also offers the opportunity to DSO to test hypothetical scenarios. This paper discusses the development of a DT of an EDS by Smart Grid Controller (SGC) application, which is developed using open-source libraries and languages. The developed application can be integrated with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) of any EDS for creating the DT. The paper shows the performance of developed tools inside the application, tested on real EDS for grid observability, Smart Recursive Load Flow (SRLF) calculation and state estimation of loads in MV feeders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20twin" title="digital twin">digital twin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20energy%20resources" title=" distributed energy resources"> distributed energy resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20terminal%20units" title=" remote terminal units"> remote terminal units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervisory%20control%20and%20data%20acquisition%20system" title=" supervisory control and data acquisition system"> supervisory control and data acquisition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20recursive%20load%20flow" title=" smart recursive load flow"> smart recursive load flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166498/digital-twin-of-real-electrical-distribution-system-with-real-time-recursive-load-flow-calculation-and-state-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7263</span> Experimental Study of the Modifications of the Bed of a River under Extreme Flow Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghenaim">A. Ghenaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Terfous"> A. Terfous</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, degradation phenomena in fluvial beds having uniform sediments are explored experimentally under extreme flow conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a rectangular cross-section channel for different flow conditions, channel characteristics, and sediment properties at the National Institute of Applied Sciences (Strasbourg, France). Tests were carried out in two conditions: (1) equilibrium condition, where, once the steady and uniform flow conditions were achieved for a given slope and discharge, the channel was fed with variable sediment discharges until the bed-load sediment transport achieved an equilibrium condition; and (2) nonequilibrium condition, where the sediment feeding was instantaneously stopped, and the bed levels were measured over time. Experimental results enabled assessing the erosion rates and determining the empirical mathematical model to predict the bed level changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluvial%20beds" title="fluvial beds">fluvial beds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform%20flow%20conditions" title=" uniform flow conditions"> uniform flow conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonequilibrium%20condition" title=" nonequilibrium condition"> nonequilibrium condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20disposition" title=" sediment disposition"> sediment disposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156505/experimental-study-of-the-modifications-of-the-bed-of-a-river-under-extreme-flow-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7262</span> Two Day Ahead Short Term Load Forecasting Neural Network Based</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firas%20M.%20Tuaimah">Firas M. Tuaimah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network based approach for short-term load forecasting and exactly for two days ahead. Two seasons have been discussed for Iraqi power system, namely summer and winter; the hourly load demand is the most important input variables for ANN based load forecasting. The recorded daily load profile with a lead time of 1-48 hours for July and December of the year 2012 was obtained from the operation and control center that belongs to the Ministry of Iraqi electricity. The results of the comparison show that the neural network gives a good prediction for the load forecasting and for two days ahead. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-term%20load%20forecasting" title="short-term load forecasting">short-term load forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title=" artificial neural networks"> artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20propagation%20learning" title=" back propagation learning"> back propagation learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hourly%20load%20demand" title=" hourly load demand"> hourly load demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7878/two-day-ahead-short-term-load-forecasting-neural-network-based" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7261</span> Analysis of Thermal Damage Characteristics of High Pressure Turbine Blade According to Off-Design Operating Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Ho%20Kim">Seon Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minho%20Bang"> Minho Bang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Choi"> Seok Min Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Moon%20Lee"> Young Moon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Kwan%20Kim"> Dong Kwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas turbines are heat engines that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through mechanical energy. Since their high energy density per unit volume and low pollutant emissions, gas turbines are classified as clean energy. In order to obtain better performance, the turbine inlet temperature of the current gas turbine is operated at about 1600℃, and thermal damage is a very serious problem. Especially, these thermal damages are more prominent in off-design conditions than in design conditions. In this study, the thermal damage characteristics of high temperature components of a gas turbine made of a single crystal material are studied numerically for the off-design operating conditions. The target gas turbine is configured as a reheat cycle and is operated in peak load operation mode, not normal operation. In particular, the target gas turbine features a lot of low-load operation. In this study, a commercial code, ANSYS 18.2, was used for analyzing the thermal-flow coupling problems. As a result, the flow separation phenomenon on the pressure side due to the flow reduction was remarkable at the off-design condition, and the high heat transfer coefficient at the upper end of the suction surface due to the tip leakage flow was appeared. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20turbine" title="gas turbine">gas turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal%20blade" title=" single crystal blade"> single crystal blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-design" title=" off-design"> off-design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20analysis" title=" thermal analysis"> thermal analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81581/analysis-of-thermal-damage-characteristics-of-high-pressure-turbine-blade-according-to-off-design-operating-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7260</span> Investigation of Vortex Induced Vibration and Galloping Characteristic for Various Shape Slender Bridge Hanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matza%20Gusto%20Andika">Matza Gusto Andika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syariefatunnisa"> Syariefatunnisa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hanger at the arch bridges is an important part to transfer load on the bridge deck onto the arch. Bridges are subjected to several types of loadings, such as dead load, temperature load, wind load, moving loads etc. Usually the hanger bridge has a typical bluff body shape such as circle, square, H beam, etc. When flow past bluff body, the flow separates from the body surface generating an unsteady broad wake. These vortices are shed to the wake periodically with some frequency that is related to the undisturbed wind speed and the size of the cross-section body by the well-known Strouhal relationship. The dynamic characteristic and hanger shape are crucial for the evaluation of vortex induced vibrations and structural vibrations. The effect of vortex induced vibration is not catastrophic as a flutter phenomenon, but it can make fatigue failure to the structure. Wind tunnel tests are conducted to investigate the VIV and galloping effect at circle, hexagonal, and H beam bluff body for hanger bridge. From this research, the hanger bridge with hexagonal shape has a minimum vibration amplitude due to VIV phenomenon compared to circle and H beam. However, when the wind bruises the acute angle of hexagon shape, the vibration amplitude of bridge hanger with hexagonal shape is higher than the other bluff body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20induced%20vibration" title="vortex induced vibration">vortex induced vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanger%20bridge" title=" hanger bridge"> hanger bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel" title=" wind tunnel"> wind tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galloping" title=" galloping"> galloping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70947/investigation-of-vortex-induced-vibration-and-galloping-characteristic-for-various-shape-slender-bridge-hanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7259</span> Electric Load Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Network for Iraqi Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afaneen%20Anwer">Afaneen Anwer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samara%20M.%20Kamil"> Samara M. Kamil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Load Forecast required prediction accuracy based on optimal operation and maintenance. A good accuracy is the basis of economic dispatch, unit commitment, and system reliability. A good load forecasting system fulfilled fast speed, automatic bad data detection, and ability to access the system automatically to get the needed data. In this paper, the formulation of the load forecasting is discussed and the solution is obtained by using artificial neural network method. A MATLAB environment has been used to solve the load forecasting schedule of Iraqi super grid network considering the daily load for three years. The obtained results showed a good accuracy in predicting the forecasted load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20forecasting" title="load forecasting">load forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back-propagation%20algorithm" title=" back-propagation algorithm"> back-propagation algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraqi%20power%20system" title=" Iraqi power system"> Iraqi power system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19308/electric-load-forecasting-based-on-artificial-neural-network-for-iraqi-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7258</span> Influence of Power Flow Controller on Energy Transaction Charges in Restructured Power System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Dubey">Manisha Dubey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Gupta"> Gaurav Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anoop%20Arya"> Anoop Arya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The demand for power supply increases day by day in developing countries like India henceforth demand of reactive power support in the form of ancillary services provider also has been increased. The multi-line and multi-type Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) controllers are playing a vital role to regulate power flow through the transmission line. Unified power flow controller and interline power flow controller can be utilized to control reactive power flow through the transmission line. In a restructured power system, the demand of such controller is being popular due to their inherent capability. The transmission pricing by using reactive power cost allocation through modified matrix methodology has been proposed. The FACTS technologies have quite costly assembly, so it is very useful to apportion the expenses throughout the restructured electricity industry. Therefore, in this work, after embedding the FACTS devices into load flow, the impact on the costs allocated to users in fraction to the transmission framework utilization has been analyzed. From the obtained results, it is clear that the total cost recovery is enhanced towards the Reactive Power flow through the different transmission line for 5 bus test system. The fair pricing policy towards reactive power can be achieved by the proposed method incorporating FACTS controller towards cost recovery of the transmission network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interline%20power%20flow%20controller" title="interline power flow controller">interline power flow controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20pricing" title=" transmission pricing"> transmission pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20power%20flow%20controller" title=" unified power flow controller"> unified power flow controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20allocation" title=" cost allocation"> cost allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109581/influence-of-power-flow-controller-on-energy-transaction-charges-in-restructured-power-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7257</span> Optimal Scheduling of Load and Operational Strategy of a Load Aggregator to Maximize Profit with PEVs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shafiullah">Md. Shafiullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20T.%20Al-Awami"> Ali T. Al-Awami </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project proposes optimal scheduling of imported power of a load aggregator with the utilization of EVs to maximize its profit. As with the increase of renewable energy resources, electricity price in competitive market becomes more uncertain and, on the other hand, with the penetration of renewable distributed generators in the distribution network the predicted load of a load aggregator also becomes uncertain in real time. Though there is uncertainties in both load and price, the use of EVs storage capacity can make the operation of load aggregator flexible. LA submits its offer to day-ahead market based on predicted loads and optimized use of its EVs to maximize its profit, as well as in real time operation it uses its energy storage capacity in such a way that it can maximize its profit. In this project, load aggregators profit maximization algorithm is formulated and the optimization problem is solved with the help of CVX. As in real time operation the forecasted loads differ from actual load, the mismatches are settled in real time balancing market. Simulation results compare the profit of a load aggregator with a hypothetical group of 1000 EVs and without EVs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CVX" title="CVX">CVX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20market" title=" electricity market"> electricity market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20aggregator" title=" load aggregator"> load aggregator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20and%20price%20uncertainties" title=" load and price uncertainties"> load and price uncertainties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit%20maximization" title=" profit maximization"> profit maximization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time%20balancing%20operation" title=" real time balancing operation"> real time balancing operation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7889/optimal-scheduling-of-load-and-operational-strategy-of-a-load-aggregator-to-maximize-profit-with-pevs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7256</span> A Statistical Approach to Rationalise the Number of Working Load Test for Quality Control of Pile Installation in Singapore Jurong Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuo%20Xu">Nuo Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kok%20Hun%20Goh"> Kok Hun Goh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeyatharan%20Kumarasamy"> Jeyatharan Kumarasamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pile load testing is significant during foundation construction due to its traditional role of design validation and routine quality control of the piling works. In order to verify whether piles can take loadings at specified settlements, piles will have to undergo working load test where the test load should normally up to 150% of the working load of a pile. Selection or sampling of piles for the working load test is done subject to the number specified in Singapore National Annex to Eurocode 7 SS EN 1997-1:2010. This paper presents an innovative way to rationalize the number of pile load test by adopting statistical analysis approach and looking at the coefficient of variance of pile elastic modulus using a case study at Singapore Tuas depot. Results are very promising and have shown that it is possible to reduce the number of working load test without influencing the reliability and confidence on the pile quality. Moving forward, it is suggested that more load test data from other geological formations to be examined to compare with the findings from this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus%20of%20pile%20under%20soil%20interaction" title="elastic modulus of pile under soil interaction">elastic modulus of pile under soil interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurong%20formation" title=" jurong formation"> jurong formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kentledge%20test" title=" kentledge test"> kentledge test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20load%20test" title=" pile load test"> pile load test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82593/a-statistical-approach-to-rationalise-the-number-of-working-load-test-for-quality-control-of-pile-installation-in-singapore-jurong-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7255</span> Structural Design of a Relief Valve Considering Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam-Hee%20Kim">Nam-Hee Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang-Hoon%20Ko"> Jang-Hoon Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwon-Hee%20Lee"> Kwon-Hee Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A relief valve is a mechanical element to keep safety by controlling high pressure. Usually, the high pressure is relieved by using the spring force and letting the fluid to flow from another way out of system. When its normal pressure is reached, the relief valve can return to initial state. The relief valve in this study has been applied for pressure vessel, evaporator, piping line, etc. The relief valve should be designed for smooth operation and should satisfy the structural safety requirement under operating condition. In general, the structural analysis is performed by following fluid flow analysis. In this process, the FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) is required to input the force obtained from the output of the flow analysis. Firstly, this study predicts the velocity profile and the pressure distribution in the given system. In this study, the assumptions for flow analysis are as follows: • The flow is steady-state and three-dimensional. • The fluid is Newtonian and incompressible. • The walls of the pipe and valve are smooth. The flow characteristics in this relief valve does not induce any problem. The commercial software ANSYS/CFX is utilized for flow analysis. On the contrary, very high pressure may cause structural problem due to severe stress. The relief valve is made of body, bonnet, guide, piston and nozzle, and its material is stainless steel. To investigate its structural safety, the worst case loading is considered as the pressure of 700 bar. The load is applied to inside the valve, which is greater than the load obtained from FSI. The maximum stress is calculated as 378 MPa by performing the finite element analysis. However, the value is greater than its allowable value. Thus, an alternative design is suggested to improve the structural performance through case study. We found that the sensitive design variable to the strength is the shape of the nozzle. The case study is to vary the size of the nozzle. Finally, it can be seen that the suggested design satisfy the structural design requirement. The FE analysis is performed by using the commercial software ANSYS/Workbench. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relief%20valve" title="relief valve">relief valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20factor" title=" safety factor"> safety factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16275/structural-design-of-a-relief-valve-considering-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7254</span> A Criterion for Evaluating Plastic Loads: Plastic Work-Tangent Criterion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Zhang">Ying Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, the plastic load is defined by applying the twice elastic slope (TES) criterion of plastic collapse to a characteristic load-deformation curve for the vessel. Several other plastic criterion such as tangent intersection (TI) criterion, plastic work (PW) criterion have been proposed in the literature, but all exhibit a practical limitation: difficult to define the load parameter for vessels subject to several combined loads. An alternative criterion: plastic work-tangent (PWT) criterion for evaluating plastic load in pressure vessel design by analysis is presented in this paper. According to the plastic work-load curve, when the tangent variation is less than a given value in the plastic phase, the corresponding load is the plastic load. Application of the proposed criterion is illustrated by considering the elastic-plastic response of the lower head of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and nozzle intersection of (RPV). It is proposed that this is because the PWT criterion more fully represents the constraining effect of material strain hardening on the spread of plastic deformation and more efficiently ton evaluating the plastic load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20load" title="plastic load">plastic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20work" title=" plastic work"> plastic work</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20hardening" title=" strain hardening"> strain hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20work-tangent%20criterion" title=" plastic work-tangent criterion"> plastic work-tangent criterion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59204/a-criterion-for-evaluating-plastic-loads-plastic-work-tangent-criterion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20flow&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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