CINXE.COM

Machine learning | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@mit" /> <meta property="twitter:site:id" content="15460048" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="126533127390327" /> <title>Machine learning | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology</title> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/manifest.webmanifest"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/views/css/views.module.css?snasqh" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?snasqh" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/mit_fix_ckeditor_paragraphs/src/css/admin-theme-fixes.css?snasqh" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/mit/assets/css/main.css?snasqh" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/themes/mit/assets/css/print.css?snasqh" /> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KDTCBZD');</script> </head> <body class="page-term"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KDTCBZD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <a href="#main" class="skip-to-content">Skip to content ↓</a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <section class="tle-header"> <div class="tle-logo"> <div class="tle-logo-mit"> <a class="logo-mit" href="http://web.mit.edu"> <svg class="mit-logo-name" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400" height="92.249" viewBox="0 0 400 92.249"> <path class="mit-logo-name--color" id="mit_lockup_std-three-line_rgb_black" d="M349.2,160l3.389,12.047c.4,1.544.805,3.087,1.074,4.362.168.738.3,1.443.436,2.114h.067c.134-.671.268-1.376.436-2.114.268-1.275.6-2.819,1.04-4.362L359.028,160h6.946v23.993h-4.53V170.235c0-.973,0-2.181.1-3.221.034-.57.067-1.175.1-1.745h-.067c-.1.57-.235,1.107-.336,1.644-.235.94-.47,2.013-.7,2.92l-4.128,14.161h-4.664l-4.027-14.161c-.268-.906-.47-1.98-.7-2.92-.1-.537-.235-1.074-.336-1.644h-.067c.034.57.067,1.174.1,1.745.034,1.04.1,2.248.1,3.221v13.758H342.35V160Zm30.2,22.081h-.067a4.582,4.582,0,0,1-1.745,1.644,7.24,7.24,0,0,1-3.322.671c-3.557,0-6.007-1.812-6.007-5.268a4.437,4.437,0,0,1,2.013-3.993,11.88,11.88,0,0,1,4.9-1.544c2.886-.4,4.161-.638,4.161-1.946,0-1.275-.94-2.047-2.886-2.047-2.148,0-3.188.738-3.322,2.416h-4.06a5.254,5.254,0,0,1,1.879-3.96,8.256,8.256,0,0,1,5.537-1.711c5.168,0,7.248,2.282,7.248,6.342v8.758c0,1.309.2,2.081.6,2.383v.168h-4.4A4.838,4.838,0,0,1,379.4,182.081Zm-1.007-1.913a3.022,3.022,0,0,0,1.04-2.248v-2.584a11.133,11.133,0,0,1-3.188,1.007c-2.416.537-3.557,1.074-3.557,2.685s1.074,2.181,2.685,2.181A4.375,4.375,0,0,0,378.391,180.168Zm6.946-1.745h4.228c.3,2.013,1.678,2.852,3.758,2.852,2.013,0,3.154-.772,3.154-1.98,0-.805-.57-1.275-1.376-1.577a25.006,25.006,0,0,0-3.154-.7,11.258,11.258,0,0,1-4.195-1.409,4.154,4.154,0,0,1-1.913-3.792,4.8,4.8,0,0,1,2.047-4.161,8.5,8.5,0,0,1,4.966-1.342c4.6,0,7.014,2.181,7.383,5.7h-4.128c-.235-1.879-1.342-2.517-3.322-2.517-1.812,0-2.953.638-2.953,1.913,0,.772.57,1.141,1.477,1.409.872.3,2.047.436,3.255.7a12.029,12.029,0,0,1,4.128,1.409,4.474,4.474,0,0,1,1.946,4.027,4.843,4.843,0,0,1-2.013,4.06,8.875,8.875,0,0,1-5.235,1.477C388.357,184.5,385.606,182.114,385.337,178.423Zm16.308,0h4.228c.3,2.013,1.678,2.852,3.758,2.852,2.013,0,3.154-.772,3.154-1.98,0-.805-.571-1.275-1.376-1.577a25.011,25.011,0,0,0-3.154-.7,11.259,11.259,0,0,1-4.195-1.409,4.154,4.154,0,0,1-1.913-3.792,4.8,4.8,0,0,1,2.047-4.161,8.5,8.5,0,0,1,4.966-1.342c4.6,0,7.013,2.181,7.383,5.7h-4.128c-.235-1.879-1.342-2.517-3.322-2.517-1.812,0-2.953.638-2.953,1.913,0,.772.57,1.141,1.477,1.409.873.3,2.047.436,3.255.7A12.029,12.029,0,0,1,415,174.933a4.474,4.474,0,0,1,1.946,4.027,4.843,4.843,0,0,1-2.013,4.06A8.875,8.875,0,0,1,409.7,184.5C404.666,184.5,401.914,182.114,401.646,178.423Zm27.684,3.658h-.067a4.582,4.582,0,0,1-1.745,1.644,7.24,7.24,0,0,1-3.322.671c-3.557,0-6.007-1.812-6.007-5.268a4.437,4.437,0,0,1,2.013-3.993,11.88,11.88,0,0,1,4.9-1.544c2.886-.4,4.161-.638,4.161-1.946,0-1.275-.94-2.047-2.886-2.047-2.148,0-3.188.738-3.322,2.416h-4.06a5.254,5.254,0,0,1,1.879-3.96,8.256,8.256,0,0,1,5.537-1.711c5.168,0,7.248,2.282,7.248,6.342v8.758c0,1.309.2,2.081.6,2.383v.168h-4.4A4.838,4.838,0,0,1,429.33,182.081Zm-1.007-1.913a3.022,3.022,0,0,0,1.04-2.248v-2.584a11.134,11.134,0,0,1-3.188,1.007c-2.416.537-3.557,1.074-3.557,2.685s1.074,2.181,2.685,2.181A4.375,4.375,0,0,0,428.323,180.168Zm9.564,1.678A9.189,9.189,0,0,1,435.5,175.4a9.466,9.466,0,0,1,2.349-6.477,8.218,8.218,0,0,1,6.242-2.617,8.37,8.37,0,0,1,5.369,1.745,7.372,7.372,0,0,1,2.45,4.564h-4.463a3.1,3.1,0,0,0-3.154-2.651c-2.785,0-4.161,2.047-4.161,5.436,0,3.289,1.275,5.436,4.094,5.436a3.171,3.171,0,0,0,3.456-2.919h4.4a6.8,6.8,0,0,1-2.248,4.631,8.066,8.066,0,0,1-5.5,1.946A8.521,8.521,0,0,1,437.887,181.846Zm20.638-12.819a5.423,5.423,0,0,1,5-2.718,5.606,5.606,0,0,1,4.3,1.812,6.833,6.833,0,0,1,1.644,4.631v11.242H464.9V173.423a2.832,2.832,0,0,0-2.987-3.154c-2.013,0-3.49,1.577-3.49,3.96v9.765H453.86V160h4.564v9.027Zm24.43,12.953h-.1a5.524,5.524,0,0,1-4.933,2.483c-3.859,0-5.973-2.383-5.973-6.208V166.779h4.53v10.7c0,2.013.872,3.121,2.852,3.121,2.148,0,3.456-1.611,3.456-3.893v-9.933h4.564v17.215h-4.4Zm6.074-3.557h4.228c.3,2.013,1.678,2.852,3.758,2.852,2.013,0,3.154-.772,3.154-1.98,0-.805-.571-1.275-1.376-1.577a25.007,25.007,0,0,0-3.154-.7,11.258,11.258,0,0,1-4.195-1.409,4.154,4.154,0,0,1-1.913-3.792,4.8,4.8,0,0,1,2.047-4.161,8.5,8.5,0,0,1,4.966-1.342c4.6,0,7.013,2.181,7.383,5.7H499.8c-.235-1.879-1.342-2.517-3.322-2.517-1.812,0-2.953.638-2.953,1.913,0,.772.57,1.141,1.477,1.409.872.3,2.047.436,3.255.7a12.03,12.03,0,0,1,4.128,1.409,4.475,4.475,0,0,1,1.946,4.027,4.843,4.843,0,0,1-2.013,4.06,8.875,8.875,0,0,1-5.235,1.477C492.048,184.5,489.3,182.114,489.028,178.423Zm18.791,3.423a9.229,9.229,0,0,1-2.316-6.477,9.342,9.342,0,0,1,2.383-6.443,8.131,8.131,0,0,1,6.108-2.617,7.577,7.577,0,0,1,6.309,2.886,11.949,11.949,0,0,1,2.181,7.483H510c.369,2.685,1.779,4.3,4.4,4.3a3.187,3.187,0,0,0,3.322-2.114h4.5a6.656,6.656,0,0,1-2.45,3.96,8.512,8.512,0,0,1-5.336,1.678A8.693,8.693,0,0,1,507.819,181.846Zm2.248-8.322h7.651a3.59,3.59,0,0,0-3.658-3.691C511.645,169.832,510.47,171.242,510.068,173.524Zm15.369-6.745v-5.369H529.9v5.369h2.953v3.188H529.9v8.96c0,1.309.671,1.711,1.711,1.711h.872a2.214,2.214,0,0,0,.47-.034v3.356a5.206,5.206,0,0,1-.738.033c-.5.034-1.208.034-2.114.034a5.442,5.442,0,0,1-3.154-.839,3.747,3.747,0,0,1-1.51-3.289v-9.933h-2.383v-3.188Zm10.6,0v-5.369H540.5v5.369h2.953v3.188H540.5v8.96c0,1.309.671,1.711,1.711,1.711h.873a2.215,2.215,0,0,0,.47-.034v3.356a5.209,5.209,0,0,1-.738.033c-.5.034-1.208.034-2.114.034a5.443,5.443,0,0,1-3.154-.839,3.747,3.747,0,0,1-1.51-3.289v-9.933h-2.383v-3.188Zm8.657,11.644h4.228c.3,2.013,1.678,2.852,3.758,2.852,2.013,0,3.154-.772,3.154-1.98,0-.805-.57-1.275-1.376-1.577a25,25,0,0,0-3.154-.7,11.259,11.259,0,0,1-4.195-1.409,4.154,4.154,0,0,1-1.913-3.792,4.8,4.8,0,0,1,2.047-4.161,8.5,8.5,0,0,1,4.966-1.342c4.6,0,7.014,2.181,7.383,5.7H555.47c-.235-1.879-1.342-2.517-3.322-2.517-1.812,0-2.953.638-2.953,1.913,0,.772.57,1.141,1.476,1.409.873.3,2.047.436,3.255.7a12.03,12.03,0,0,1,4.128,1.409A4.474,4.474,0,0,1,560,178.96a4.843,4.843,0,0,1-2.013,4.06,8.875,8.875,0,0,1-5.235,1.477C547.718,184.5,544.966,182.114,544.7,178.423ZM347.216,191.192v23.993H342.35V191.192Zm7.718,9.128a5.5,5.5,0,0,1,5.1-2.819,5.605,5.605,0,0,1,4.3,1.812,6.832,6.832,0,0,1,1.644,4.631v11.242h-4.564V204.615a2.832,2.832,0,0,0-2.987-3.154c-2.013,0-3.49,1.577-3.49,3.96v9.765H350.37V197.97h4.463v2.349Zm12.584,9.3h4.228c.3,2.013,1.678,2.852,3.758,2.852,2.013,0,3.154-.772,3.154-1.98,0-.805-.57-1.275-1.376-1.577a25.015,25.015,0,0,0-3.154-.7,11.26,11.26,0,0,1-4.195-1.409A4.154,4.154,0,0,1,368.021,203a4.8,4.8,0,0,1,2.047-4.161,8.5,8.5,0,0,1,4.966-1.342c4.6,0,7.014,2.181,7.383,5.7H378.29c-.235-1.879-1.342-2.517-3.322-2.517-1.812,0-2.953.638-2.953,1.913,0,.772.57,1.141,1.477,1.409.873.3,2.047.436,3.255.7a12.028,12.028,0,0,1,4.127,1.409,4.474,4.474,0,0,1,1.946,4.027,4.843,4.843,0,0,1-2.013,4.06,8.875,8.875,0,0,1-5.235,1.477C370.538,215.688,367.787,213.306,367.518,209.615Zm18.188-11.644V192.6h4.463v5.369h2.953v3.188h-2.953v8.96c0,1.309.671,1.711,1.711,1.711h.872a2.217,2.217,0,0,0,.47-.034v3.356a5.2,5.2,0,0,1-.738.034c-.5.034-1.208.034-2.114.034a5.443,5.443,0,0,1-3.154-.839,3.747,3.747,0,0,1-1.51-3.289v-9.933h-2.383V197.97Zm14.127-6.141v4.094h-4.564v-4.094Zm0,6.141v17.215h-4.564V197.97Zm4.128,0V192.6h4.463v5.369h2.953v3.188h-2.953v8.96c0,1.309.671,1.711,1.711,1.711h.873a2.216,2.216,0,0,0,.47-.034v3.356a5.2,5.2,0,0,1-.738.034c-.5.034-1.208.034-2.114.034a5.442,5.442,0,0,1-3.154-.839,3.747,3.747,0,0,1-1.51-3.289v-9.933h-2.383V197.97Zm20.436,15.2h-.1a5.524,5.524,0,0,1-4.933,2.483c-3.859,0-5.973-2.383-5.973-6.208V197.97h4.53v10.7c0,2.013.872,3.121,2.852,3.121,2.148,0,3.456-1.611,3.456-3.893V197.97h4.564v17.215h-4.4Zm8.524-15.2V192.6h4.463v5.369h2.953v3.188h-2.953v8.96c0,1.309.671,1.711,1.711,1.711h.872a2.217,2.217,0,0,0,.47-.034v3.356a5.2,5.2,0,0,1-.738.034c-.5.034-1.208.034-2.114.034a5.443,5.443,0,0,1-3.154-.839,3.747,3.747,0,0,1-1.51-3.289v-9.933h-2.383V197.97Zm10.873,15.067a9.228,9.228,0,0,1-2.316-6.477,9.343,9.343,0,0,1,2.383-6.443,8.131,8.131,0,0,1,6.107-2.618,7.577,7.577,0,0,1,6.309,2.886,11.95,11.95,0,0,1,2.181,7.483H445.974c.369,2.685,1.779,4.3,4.4,4.3a3.186,3.186,0,0,0,3.322-2.114h4.5a6.656,6.656,0,0,1-2.45,3.96,8.512,8.512,0,0,1-5.336,1.678A8.693,8.693,0,0,1,443.793,213.037Zm2.248-8.322h7.651a3.59,3.59,0,0,0-3.658-3.691C447.618,201.024,446.444,202.433,446.041,204.715Zm21.443,8.322a9,9,0,0,1-2.517-6.443,9.133,9.133,0,0,1,2.517-6.477,8.865,8.865,0,0,1,6.477-2.618,9,9,0,0,1,6.51,2.618,9.254,9.254,0,0,1,2.483,6.477,9.113,9.113,0,0,1-2.483,6.443,8.892,8.892,0,0,1-6.51,2.651A8.759,8.759,0,0,1,467.484,213.037Zm10.839-6.443c0-3.389-1.544-5.638-4.362-5.638s-4.362,2.248-4.362,5.638c0,3.356,1.544,5.6,4.362,5.6S478.323,209.95,478.323,206.594Zm7.55-8.624v-1.544a4.716,4.716,0,0,1,2.181-4.362,8.937,8.937,0,0,1,5.47-.839v3.524c-2.148-.1-3.087.134-3.087,1.946v1.275h3.087v3.289h-3.087v13.926h-4.564V201.259h-2.349V197.97ZM354.431,222.383v4.094h-7.215v19.9H342.35v-19.9h-7.215v-4.094Zm-.5,21.846a9.228,9.228,0,0,1-2.316-6.477,9.343,9.343,0,0,1,2.383-6.443,8.131,8.131,0,0,1,6.108-2.618,7.577,7.577,0,0,1,6.309,2.886,11.949,11.949,0,0,1,2.181,7.483H356.109c.369,2.685,1.779,4.3,4.4,4.3a3.186,3.186,0,0,0,3.322-2.114h4.5a6.656,6.656,0,0,1-2.45,3.96,8.512,8.512,0,0,1-5.336,1.678A8.693,8.693,0,0,1,353.928,244.229Zm2.248-8.322h7.651a3.59,3.59,0,0,0-3.658-3.691C357.753,232.215,356.579,233.625,356.176,235.907Zm15.872,8.322a9.189,9.189,0,0,1-2.383-6.443,9.465,9.465,0,0,1,2.349-6.477,8.217,8.217,0,0,1,6.242-2.618,8.37,8.37,0,0,1,5.369,1.745,7.372,7.372,0,0,1,2.45,4.564h-4.463a3.1,3.1,0,0,0-3.154-2.651c-2.785,0-4.161,2.047-4.161,5.436,0,3.289,1.275,5.436,4.094,5.436a3.171,3.171,0,0,0,3.456-2.92h4.4a6.8,6.8,0,0,1-2.248,4.631,8.065,8.065,0,0,1-5.5,1.946A8.521,8.521,0,0,1,372.049,244.229Zm20.638-12.819a5.423,5.423,0,0,1,5-2.718,5.606,5.606,0,0,1,4.3,1.812,6.833,6.833,0,0,1,1.644,4.631v11.242h-4.564V235.806a2.832,2.832,0,0,0-2.987-3.154c-2.013,0-3.49,1.577-3.49,3.96v9.765h-4.564V222.383h4.564v9.027Zm18.121.1a5.5,5.5,0,0,1,5.1-2.819,5.606,5.606,0,0,1,4.3,1.812,6.833,6.833,0,0,1,1.644,4.631v11.242h-4.564V235.806a2.832,2.832,0,0,0-2.987-3.154c-2.013,0-3.49,1.577-3.49,3.96v9.765h-4.564V229.162h4.463v2.349Zm15.336,12.718a8.995,8.995,0,0,1-2.517-6.443,9.133,9.133,0,0,1,2.517-6.477,8.865,8.865,0,0,1,6.477-2.618,9,9,0,0,1,6.51,2.618,9.254,9.254,0,0,1,2.483,6.477,9.113,9.113,0,0,1-2.483,6.443,8.892,8.892,0,0,1-6.51,2.651A8.759,8.759,0,0,1,426.143,244.229Zm10.839-6.443c0-3.389-1.544-5.638-4.362-5.638s-4.362,2.248-4.362,5.638c0,3.356,1.544,5.6,4.362,5.6S436.982,241.142,436.982,237.786Zm11.174-15.4v23.993h-4.564V222.383Zm4.5,21.846a8.995,8.995,0,0,1-2.517-6.443,9.133,9.133,0,0,1,2.517-6.477,8.865,8.865,0,0,1,6.477-2.618,9,9,0,0,1,6.51,2.618,9.254,9.254,0,0,1,2.483,6.477,9.113,9.113,0,0,1-2.483,6.443,8.892,8.892,0,0,1-6.51,2.651A8.759,8.759,0,0,1,452.653,244.229Zm10.839-6.443c0-3.389-1.544-5.638-4.362-5.638s-4.362,2.248-4.362,5.638c0,3.356,1.544,5.6,4.362,5.6S463.492,241.142,463.492,237.786Zm6.074,9.094h4.53c.369,1.074,1.309,1.913,3.456,1.913,2.55,0,3.826-1.175,3.826-3.591v-1.879h-.1a5.467,5.467,0,0,1-4.5,2.013,7.181,7.181,0,0,1-5.2-2.181,8.172,8.172,0,0,1-2.383-6.04,8.954,8.954,0,0,1,2.114-6.141,6.865,6.865,0,0,1,5.336-2.282,5.548,5.548,0,0,1,4.765,2.282h.067v-1.812h4.4v15.906a6.569,6.569,0,0,1-2.047,5.235,9.008,9.008,0,0,1-6.208,1.946C472.854,252.249,470.069,250.236,469.566,246.88Zm11.107-6.577a5.375,5.375,0,0,0,.94-3.289,5.257,5.257,0,0,0-1.007-3.289,3.752,3.752,0,0,0-3.087-1.376c-2.349,0-3.859,1.779-3.859,4.7,0,2.953,1.51,4.631,3.893,4.631A3.775,3.775,0,0,0,480.673,240.3Zm9.933,8.121c1.846,0,2.55-.906,2.55-2.349a6.284,6.284,0,0,0-.268-1.711c-.235-.7-.537-1.644-1.04-2.953l-4.631-12.248h4.8l2.55,7.752c.268.805.5,1.711.738,2.483.1.436.235.839.369,1.275h.067c.1-.436.2-.839.3-1.275a25.347,25.347,0,0,1,.7-2.483l2.416-7.752h4.6l-6.007,17.651a9.269,9.269,0,0,1-2.215,4.027,5.378,5.378,0,0,1-3.859,1.175H489v-3.591Zm-244.229-2.047h19.195V188.792H246.377Zm28.792-67.182h47.987V160H275.169ZM246.377,160h19.195v19.195H246.377Zm-28.792,86.377h19.195V160H217.584Zm-28.792-19.195h19.195V160H188.792ZM160,246.377h19.195V160H160Zm115.169,0h19.195V188.792H275.169Z" transform="translate(-160 -160)"/> </svg> <svg class="mit-logo-name--alt-without-name" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="200" height="105.882" viewBox="0 0 200 105.882"> <path class="mit-logo-name--color" id="mit_logo_std_rgb_black" d="M265.882,265.882h23.529V195.294H265.882Zm35.294-82.353H360V160H301.176ZM265.882,160h23.529v23.529H265.882ZM230.588,265.882h23.529V160H230.588Zm-35.294-23.529h23.529V160H195.294ZM160,265.882h23.529V160H160Zm141.176,0h23.529V195.294H301.176Z" transform="translate(-160 -160)"/> </svg> <span class="visually-hidden">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span></a> </div> </div> <nav class="tle-nav"> <a class="tle-nav--title" href="#tle-nav--menu"><span class="visually-hidden">MIT Top </span><span class="title">Menu</span><span class="arrow">↓</span></a> <ul id="tle-nav--menu" class="tle-nav--list"> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/education">Education</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/research">Research</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/admissions-aid">Admissions + Aid</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/campus-life">Campus Life</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item active"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="/">News</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item"><a class="tle-nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/about">About MIT</a></li> <li class="tle-nav--link-item tle-nav--link-item--more-block"> <button class="tle-nav--link tle-nav--link--more-button">More <span class="site-nav__arrow">↓</span></button> <ul class="tle-nav--more--list"></ul> </li> </ul> <div class="tle-nav--search-button"> <a class="tle-nav--search-button--trigger" href="http://web.mit.edu/search/"> <svg class="tle-nav--search-button--icon--open" width="0" viewBox="0 0 23 22"> <g stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"> <circle cx="9.20757329" cy="8.99160695" r="8.50646589"></circle> <path d="M14.8522097,14.6362434 L20.7140392,20.4980728"></path> </g> </svg><svg class="tle-nav--search-button--icon--close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" viewBox="0 0 18 18"> <path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="M1 1L17 17M1 17L17 1"></path> </svg><span class="visually-hidden">Search MIT</span> </a> </div> </nav> </section> <section class="tle-search--wrapper"> <div class="tle-search"> <form method="GET" action="https://web.mit.edu/search/" id="tle-search-form" class="tle-search-form"> <label for="tle-search-form-input" class="tle-search-form--label">Search websites, locations, and people</label> <div class="tle-search-form--input-wrapper"> <svg width="30" viewBox="0 0 23 22" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" class="tle-search-form--search-icon"><g stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"><circle cx="9.20757329" cy="8.99160695" r="8.50646589"></circle> <path d="M14.8522097,14.6362434 L20.7140392,20.4980728" id="Line-4"></path></g></svg> <input type="query" id="tle-search-form--input" autocomplete="off" name="q" aria-label="search MIT" placeholder="What are you looking for?" class="tle-search-form--input"> <button type="reset" for="tle-search-form" aria-label="reset" class="tle-search-form--button-reset"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" class="tle-search-form--button-reset--icon"> <circle fill="red" cx="13" cy="13" r="13"></circle> <path d="M9.9 9.9l6.5 6.5M16.4 9.9l-6.5 6.5" stroke="currentColor"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </form> <div class="tle-search--suggested-results--wrapper"> <div class="tle-search--suggested-results"> <div class="tle-search--suggested-results--top-links--placeholder"></div> <div class="tle-search--suggested-results--locations--placeholder"></div> <div class="tle-search--suggested-results--directory--placeholder"></div> <button type="submit" form="tle-search-form" class="tle-search--suggested-results--button-see-more"> <span class="tle-search--suggested-results--button-see-more--text">See More Results</span> </button> </div> <p class="tle-search--suggested-results--feedback"><a href="http://web.mit.edu/feedback" class="tle-search--suggested-results--feedback--link">Suggestions or feedback?</a></p> </div> </div> </section> <header class="site-header"> <div class="site-header--inner"> <div class="site-logo"> <div class="site-logo--mit-news"> <h2 class="site-logo--mit-news--heading"> <a class="logo--mit-news" href="/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" viewBox="0 0 350.922 78.577" class="logo"> <g class="tagline" transform="translate(0.487 66.798)"> <g> <path d="M12.132,61.991a5.519,5.519,0,0,1-5.866,5.753A5.554,5.554,0,0,1,.4,61.854a5.809,5.809,0,0,1,1.816-4.383,6.04,6.04,0,0,1,4.05-1.37C9.9,55.965,12.132,58.43,12.132,61.991Zm-8.939-.137c0,2.328,1.117,3.7,3.073,3.7s3.073-1.37,3.073-3.7-1.117-3.835-3.073-3.835C4.45,58.156,3.193,59.526,3.193,61.854Z" transform="translate(-0.4 -55.965)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M17.884,67.531l-3.352-5.753-1.257-2.191v7.944H10.9V56.3h2.793l3.212,5.616c.419.822.7,1.37,1.257,2.328V56.3h2.374V67.531Z" transform="translate(3.765 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M32.441,59.972a2.177,2.177,0,0,0-2.374-1.644c-1.955,0-3.073,1.37-3.073,3.7s1.117,3.7,2.933,3.7a2.319,2.319,0,0,0,2.514-2.055h2.793c-.279,2.6-2.374,4.109-5.308,4.109-3.492,0-5.727-2.328-5.727-5.89S26.435,56,29.927,56c2.793,0,4.749,1.507,5.168,3.835H32.441Z" transform="translate(9.042 -56)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M36.731,65.2l-.7,2.328H33.1L37.29,56.3h3.352l3.771,11.231H41.341l-.7-2.328Zm2.1-6.438-1.4,4.383h2.654Z" transform="translate(12.572 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M47.209,67.531,45.533,61.5a6.062,6.062,0,0,1-.279-1.1,3.476,3.476,0,0,0-.279-.685v7.807H42.6V56.3h3.771l1.536,5.89a17.317,17.317,0,0,1,.559,2.6c0-.274.14-.274.14-.411l.14-.685a4.758,4.758,0,0,0,.14-.822,2.356,2.356,0,0,0,.14-.685l1.536-5.89h3.771V67.531H51.958V59.724a2.958,2.958,0,0,1-.419,1.233,1.343,1.343,0,0,0-.14.548l-1.676,6.027H47.209Z" transform="translate(16.341 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M56.054,67.531H53.4V56.3h4.609a4.736,4.736,0,0,1,3.212.822A3.7,3.7,0,0,1,62.479,60a3.373,3.373,0,0,1-.978,2.6,4.044,4.044,0,0,1-2.933,1.1H56.054Zm2.1-6.027a1.515,1.515,0,1,0,0-3.013h-2.1v3.15h2.1Z" transform="translate(20.626 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M71.2,56.2v7.67a3.174,3.174,0,0,1-1.257,2.876,5.531,5.531,0,0,1-3.492.959,5.8,5.8,0,0,1-3.492-.959A3.334,3.334,0,0,1,61.7,63.87V56.2h2.654v7.4c0,.822.14,1.1.419,1.37a3.034,3.034,0,0,0,1.676.548,1.759,1.759,0,0,0,1.536-.548c.419-.274.419-.685.419-1.37V56.2Z" transform="translate(23.918 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M77.684,59.8v-.137c0-.959-.838-1.507-2.1-1.507s-1.955.411-1.955,1.1c0,.411.419.822,1.117.959l2.374.548a5.282,5.282,0,0,1,2.654,1.1,2.861,2.861,0,0,1,.838,2.191c0,2.328-1.816,3.7-4.889,3.7-3.212,0-5.028-1.507-5.028-3.972h2.654c0,1.233.838,1.918,2.374,1.918,1.4,0,2.235-.411,2.235-1.233,0-.548-.419-.959-1.257-1.1l-2.374-.548a4.257,4.257,0,0,1-2.514-1.1,2.738,2.738,0,0,1-.978-2.191c0-2.191,1.816-3.424,4.749-3.424a4.661,4.661,0,0,1,4.05,1.644,4.541,4.541,0,0,1,.7,2.191H77.684Z" transform="translate(27.489 -55.963)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M86.931,65.2l-.7,2.328H83.3L87.49,56.3h3.352l3.771,11.231H91.541l-.7-2.328Zm2.1-6.438-1.4,4.383h2.654Z" transform="translate(32.487 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M99.784,67.531l-3.352-5.753-1.257-2.191v7.944H92.8V56.3h2.793l3.212,5.616c.419.822.7,1.37,1.257,2.328V56.3h2.374V67.531Z" transform="translate(36.256 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M102.1,56.2h4.05c2.374,0,3.631.411,4.749,1.507a5.554,5.554,0,0,1,1.4,3.972,6.348,6.348,0,0,1-1.536,4.246c-.978,1.1-2.374,1.507-4.469,1.507h-4.05V56.2Zm4.469,9.177c1.257,0,1.955-.274,2.374-1.1a5.132,5.132,0,0,0,0-4.657,2.161,2.161,0,0,0-2.235-1.1h-1.955v6.985h1.816Z" transform="translate(39.946 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M118.631,65.2l-.7,2.328H115L119.19,56.3h3.352l3.771,11.231h-3.073l-.7-2.328Zm2.1-6.438-1.4,4.383h2.654Z" transform="translate(45.063 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M127.154,67.531H124.5V56.3h5.168a4.621,4.621,0,0,1,3.073.685,2.9,2.9,0,0,1,1.117,2.328,2.8,2.8,0,0,1-1.955,2.739c1.117.411,1.536.959,1.676,2.465l.14,1.644a2.721,2.721,0,0,0,.419,1.507h-2.654a1.058,1.058,0,0,1-.419-.959l-.14-1.507c-.14-1.37-.7-2.055-2.1-2.055h-1.816v4.383Zm2.654-6.574c.978,0,1.536-.411,1.536-1.233s-.559-1.233-1.536-1.233h-2.654v2.6h2.654Z" transform="translate(48.832 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M144.832,61.991a5.867,5.867,0,0,1-11.732-.137,5.809,5.809,0,0,1,1.816-4.383,6.04,6.04,0,0,1,4.05-1.37C142.458,55.965,144.832,58.43,144.832,61.991Zm-8.939-.137c0,2.328,1.117,3.7,3.073,3.7s3.073-1.37,3.073-3.7-1.117-3.835-3.073-3.835C137.011,58.156,135.893,59.526,135.893,61.854Z" transform="translate(52.244 -55.965)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M153.1,56.2v7.67a3.174,3.174,0,0,1-1.257,2.876,5.531,5.531,0,0,1-3.492.959,5.8,5.8,0,0,1-3.492-.959A3.333,3.333,0,0,1,143.6,63.87V56.2h2.654v7.4c0,.822.14,1.1.419,1.37a3.034,3.034,0,0,0,1.676.548,1.759,1.759,0,0,0,1.536-.548c.419-.274.419-.685.419-1.37V56.2Z" transform="translate(56.409 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M159.784,67.531l-3.352-5.753-1.257-2.191v7.944H152.8V56.3h2.793l3.212,5.616c.419.822.7,1.37,1.257,2.328V56.3h2.374V67.531Z" transform="translate(60.059 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M162.1,56.2h4.05c2.374,0,3.631.411,4.749,1.507a5.553,5.553,0,0,1,1.4,3.972,6.348,6.348,0,0,1-1.536,4.246c-.978,1.1-2.374,1.507-4.469,1.507h-4.05V56.2Zm4.469,9.177c1.257,0,1.955-.274,2.374-1.1a5.132,5.132,0,0,0,0-4.657,2.161,2.161,0,0,0-2.235-1.1h-1.955v6.985h1.816Z" transform="translate(63.748 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M181.385,67.531h-2.654v-9.04H175.1V56.3h9.777v2.191h-3.631v9.04Z" transform="translate(68.906 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M186.454,62.6v4.931H183.8V56.3h2.654v4.246h4.33V56.3h2.654V67.531h-2.654V62.6Z" transform="translate(72.357 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M201.9,58.355h-6.146v2.191h5.308V62.6h-5.308V65.34h6.285v2.191H193.1V56.3h8.8Z" transform="translate(76.046 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M208.312,67.531,205.1,56.3h2.654l1.257,5.068c.279.959.419,1.507.7,2.739a11.82,11.82,0,0,1,.559-2.739l1.117-5.068H213.9l1.117,5.068a23.766,23.766,0,0,1,.559,2.739c.14-.548.279-1.37.559-2.739l1.257-5.068h2.654l-3.352,11.231h-2.514l-1.117-4.657A19.263,19.263,0,0,1,212.5,60c-.279,1.233-.419,1.918-.559,2.876l-1.117,4.657Z" transform="translate(80.807 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M228.532,61.991a5.867,5.867,0,0,1-11.732-.137,5.809,5.809,0,0,1,1.816-4.383,6.04,6.04,0,0,1,4.05-1.37C226.3,55.965,228.532,58.43,228.532,61.991Zm-8.939-.137c0,2.328,1.117,3.7,3.073,3.7s3.073-1.37,3.073-3.7-1.117-3.835-3.073-3.835C220.85,58.156,219.593,59.526,219.593,61.854Z" transform="translate(85.449 -55.965)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M229.954,67.531H227.3V56.3h5.168a4.621,4.621,0,0,1,3.073.685,2.9,2.9,0,0,1,1.117,2.328,2.8,2.8,0,0,1-1.955,2.739c1.117.411,1.536.959,1.676,2.465l.14,1.644a2.721,2.721,0,0,0,.419,1.507h-2.654a1.058,1.058,0,0,1-.419-.959l-.14-1.507c-.14-1.37-.7-2.055-2.1-2.055h-1.816v4.383Zm2.514-6.574c.978,0,1.536-.411,1.536-1.233s-.559-1.233-1.536-1.233h-2.654v2.6h2.654Z" transform="translate(89.614 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M238.954,65.34h5.726v2.191H236.3V56.3h2.654Z" transform="translate(93.184 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M244,56.2h4.05c2.374,0,3.631.411,4.749,1.507a5.553,5.553,0,0,1,1.4,3.972,6.348,6.348,0,0,1-1.536,4.246c-.978,1.1-2.374,1.507-4.469,1.507H244Zm4.47,9.177c1.257,0,1.955-.274,2.374-1.1a5.132,5.132,0,0,0,0-4.657,2.161,2.161,0,0,0-2.235-1.1h-1.955v6.985h1.816Z" transform="translate(96.239 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> </g> </g> <g class="mit-news"> <path d="M21.773,55.944,13.867,26.123c-.608-2.5-1.095-4.294-1.46-5.487-.487-1.789-.487-2.147-.973-3.7.122,2.028.122,3.459.122,4.413l.122,5.368V55.944H0V0H18l7.3,29.344c1.095,4.413,2.068,8.946,2.8,12.644q.365-1.61.365-1.789l.973-3.578c.122-.954.487-2.266.851-3.817.487-1.789.851-3.578.851-3.7L38.559,0H56.439V55.944H44.762V26.719l.122-5.368c0-1.074,0-2.386.122-4.413-.973,3.34-1.581,5.606-1.825,6.322-.487,1.551-.73,2.624-.851,2.743l-7.785,29.94Z" fill="#333"/> <path d="M64.294,55.944H51.4V0H64.294Z" transform="translate(11.121)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M97.166,55.944H84.272V10.735H67V0h47.438V10.735H97.166Z" transform="translate(14.497)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M158.372,55.944,142.194,27.316l-5.96-10.855c.122,2.982.122,5.01.122,6.68.122,2.982.122,6.322.122,9.781V55.944H124.8V0h13.38l15.691,27.912c2.189,4.175,3.649,7.157,5.839,11.332-.122-2.266-.122-3.817-.122-5.487l-.122-4.175V0h11.677V55.944Z" transform="translate(27.003)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M181.085,36.911c.73,5.487,4.136,8.588,9.366,8.588,3.284,0,5.6-1.074,7.177-3.578h12.285C207.6,49.793,199.939,54.8,190.086,54.8c-12.772,0-21.286-8.588-21.286-21.352,0-12.644,8.636-21.352,21.165-21.352,8.758,0,15.326,4.294,18.367,11.928,1.46,3.578,2.068,7.276,2.068,12.883Zm16.908-8.469c-.487-4.771-3.284-7.4-8.028-7.4s-7.785,2.624-8.758,7.4Z" transform="translate(36.523 2.333)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M217.485,53.456,205.2,12.9h12.285l3.527,13.24c.973,3.578,2.189,9.781,2.8,13.121,1.216-6.083,2.189-10.735,2.8-13.121l3.527-13.24h10.582l3.649,13.24c1.581,6.2,2.311,9.781,2.919,13.121.73-4.175,1.46-7.873,2.676-13.121l3.284-13.24h12.529L254.1,53.456H242.421l-4.014-14.195c-1.216-4.891-1.946-8.35-3.041-13.6-1.216,5.606-2.189,10.02-3.041,13.6l-3.406,14.195Z" transform="translate(44.398 2.487)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M282.944,25.379c-.487-2.982-3.041-4.652-7.055-4.652-3.527,0-5.839,1.312-5.839,3.34,0,1.551,1.216,2.266,5.109,3.1l7.663,1.551c5.109.954,7.663,2.147,9.366,3.936,1.946,1.789,3.041,4.891,3.041,8.111,0,8.588-7.055,13.956-18.61,13.956-11.434,0-18.61-5.248-19.219-14.314h11.434c.73,3.817,3.284,5.606,8.15,5.606,3.892,0,6.325-1.551,6.325-3.936,0-1.909-1.338-2.982-4.622-3.7l-7.541-1.67c-9.123-1.909-12.529-5.248-12.529-11.69,0-8.111,6.568-13.121,17.637-13.121,10.582,0,17.029,4.652,18.124,13.24H282.944Z" transform="translate(55.693 2.295)" fill="#333"/> </g> </svg><span class="visually-hidden">MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span></a> </h2> <div class="site-header--subscribe"> <svg class="icon--mail--subscribe" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19.403" height="13.778" viewBox="0 0 19.403 13.778"> <g id="Group_2076" data-name="Group 2076" transform="translate(-952 -199)"> <g id="Page-1" transform="translate(949 193)"> <g id="icon-6-mail-envelope-closed" transform="translate(4 8)"> <path id="mail-envelope-closed" d="M4.968,8.938a.74.74,0,0,0-.232.54V18.3a.741.741,0,0,0,.23.541h0l5.7-4.953L4.968,8.938Zm16.469,0a.741.741,0,0,1,.23.541V18.3a.74.74,0,0,1-.232.54l-5.694-4.951,5.7-4.953Zm-6.246,5.431,5.372,4.674H5.84l5.372-4.674L13.2,16.1l1.989-1.729ZM5.475,8A1.472,1.472,0,0,0,4,9.468V18.31a1.468,1.468,0,0,0,1.475,1.468H20.928A1.472,1.472,0,0,0,22.4,18.31V9.468A1.468,1.468,0,0,0,20.928,8ZM13.2,15.14l7.361-6.4H5.84l7.361,6.4Z" transform="translate(-4 -8)" fill="#464646" fill-rule="evenodd"/> </g> </g> <circle id="Ellipse_1111" data-name="Ellipse 1111" cx="3" cy="3" r="3" transform="translate(952 199)" fill="#FF4646"/> </g> </svg> <a class="site-header--subscribe--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/mit-daily-weekly/" target="_blank">Subscribe<span class="visually-hidden"> to MIT News newsletter</span></a></a> </div> <nav class="site-nav"> <a class="site-nav--browse" href="#site-nav--browse"><i class="arrow down"></i><span class="title">Browse</span></a> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="site--browse--search"> <div class="site--browse--search--inner"> <div class="site--search"> <form action="/search" method="get" id="search-form" class="site-nav--search-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <label for="keyword" class="visually-hidden">Enter keywords to search for news articles:</label> <input type="text" id="keyword" name="keyword" class="site-nav--search-form--keyword" placeholder="Search News"> <button id="submit-search" class="site-nav--search-form--submit-button">Submit</button> </form> </div> <a name="site-nav--browse"></a> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-00ad812080901f8daef54ea20e2547c38ef6f2c2cc253f999fb3fa520c1c5991"> <div><div class="site-browse"> <div class="site-browse--inner"> <div class="site-browse--recommended--head"> <h2 class="site-browse--recommended--head--title">Browse By</h2> </div> <div class="site-browse--recommended-section site-browse--recommended-section--topics"> <div> <div class="browse--recommended-head"> <h3 class="browse--recommended-head--title">Topics</h3> <span class="browse--recommended-head--title--view-all"><a href="/topics" class="browse--recommended-title--view-all--link">View All</a> →</span> </div> <div class="browse--recommended--descr"> <div class="browse--recommended--descr--title">Explore:</div> <ul class="browse--recommended-descr--list"> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/topic/machine-learning" hreflang="en">Machine learning</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/topic/sustainability" hreflang="en">Sustainability</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/topic/startups" hreflang="en">Startups</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/topic/black-holes" hreflang="en">Black holes</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/topic/classes-and-programs" hreflang="en">Classes and programs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-browse--recommended-section site-browse--recommended-section--departments"> <div> <div class="browse--recommended-head"> <h3 class="browse--recommended-head--title">Departments</h3> <span class="browse--recommended-head--title--view-all"><a href="/departments" class="browse--recommended-title--view-all--link">View All</a> →</span> </div> <div class="browse--recommended--descr"> <div class="browse--recommended--descr--title">Explore:</div> <ul class="browse--recommended-descr--list"> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/department/aeronautics-and-astronautics" hreflang="en">Aeronautics and Astronautics</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/department/brain-and-cognitive-sciences" hreflang="en">Brain and Cognitive Sciences</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/department/architecture" hreflang="en">Architecture</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/department/political-science" hreflang="en">Political Science</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/department/mechanical-engineering" hreflang="en">Mechanical Engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-browse--recommended-section site-browse--recommended-section--clp"> <div> <div class="browse--recommended-head"> <h3 class="browse--recommended-head--title">Centers, Labs, & Programs</h3> <span class="browse--recommended-head--title--view-all"><a href="/centers-labs-programs" class="browse--recommended-title--view-all--link">View All</a> →</span> </div> <div class="browse--recommended--descr"> <div class="browse--recommended--descr--title">Explore:</div> <ul class="browse--recommended-descr--list"> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/clp/abdul-latif-jameel-poverty-action-lab-j-pal" hreflang="en">Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/clp/picower-institute" hreflang="en">Picower Institute for Learning and Memory</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/clp/media-lab" hreflang="en">Media Lab</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/clp/lincoln-laboratory" hreflang="en">Lincoln Laboratory</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-browse--recommended-section site-browse--recommended-section--schools"> <div> <div class="browse--recommended-head"> <h3 class="browse--recommended-head--title">Schools</h3> </div> <div class="browse--recommended--descr"> <ul class="browse--recommended-descr--list"> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/school/architecture-and-planning" hreflang="en">School of Architecture + Planning</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/school/engineering" hreflang="en">School of Engineering</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/school/humanities-arts-and-social-sciences" hreflang="en">School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/school/management" hreflang="en">Sloan School of Management</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/school/science" hreflang="en">School of Science</a></li> <li class="browse--recommended-descr--list--item"><a href="/school/mit-schwarzman-college-computing" hreflang="en">MIT Schwarzman College of Computing</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-browse--view-itm-section"> <span class="site-browse--view-itm"><a class="site-browse--view-itm--link" href="/in-the-media">View all news coverage of MIT in the media</a> →</span> </div> <div class="site-browse--view-podcasts-section"> <span class="site-browse--view-podcasts"><a class="site-browse--view-podcasts--link" href="/podcasts">Listen to audio content from MIT News</a> →</span> </div> <div class="site-browse--subscribe-section"> <span class="site-browse--subscribe"><a class="site-browse--subscribe--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/subscribe/">Subscribe to MIT newsletter</a> →</span> </div> <div class="site-browse--close--container"> <a href="#" class="site-browse--close--button-link"><span class="site-browse--close--button-icon"><svg class="icon--button--close" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="22" height="22" viewBox="0 0 22 22"> <g transform="translate(-32 -33)"> <path id="Path_2543" data-name="Path 2543" d="M43,33A11,11,0,1,0,54,44,11,11,0,0,0,43,33Zm5.318,14.708a.386.386,0,0,1,.113.275.378.378,0,0,1-.113.275l-1.061,1.066a.382.382,0,0,1-.275.113.4.4,0,0,1-.275-.113L43,45.611l-3.7,3.717a.375.375,0,0,1-.275.113.4.4,0,0,1-.275-.113l-1.061-1.066a.386.386,0,0,1-.113-.275.378.378,0,0,1,.113-.275L41.4,43.98,37.677,40.3a.394.394,0,0,1,0-.555l1.061-1.066a.391.391,0,0,1,.55,0L43,42.345l3.717-3.668a.391.391,0,0,1,.55,0l1.061,1.066a.394.394,0,0,1,0,.555L44.606,43.98Z" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span> Close</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main class="site-main" id="main" aria-live="polite"> <div class="page--section"> <div class="page--section--inner"> <div id="block-mit-breadcrumbs"> <div class="block-inner"> <h4 class="breadcrumb--title visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h4> <ol class="breadcrumb--list"> <li class="breadcrumb--list-item"> <a class="breadcrumb--link" href="/">MIT News</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb--list-item"> <a class="breadcrumb--link" href="/topic">Topics</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb--list-item"> Machine learning </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-mit-page-title"> <div class="block-inner"> <h2 class="page-title-prefix">Topic</h2> <h1>Machine learning</h1> <p class="rss-feed rss-feed--itm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon--rss" width="18.002" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18.002 18"><path d="M196.909,143.545a2.444,2.444,0,1,1-.716-1.739A2.367,2.367,0,0,1,196.909,143.545Zm6.545,1.572a.774.774,0,0,1-.217.614.754.754,0,0,1-.6.268h-1.726a.8.8,0,0,1-.805-.741,8.18,8.18,0,0,0-7.364-7.364.8.8,0,0,1-.741-.805v-1.726a.754.754,0,0,1,.268-.6.745.745,0,0,1,.55-.217h.064a11.463,11.463,0,0,1,3.912,1.029,11.667,11.667,0,0,1,5.631,5.631A11.463,11.463,0,0,1,203.455,145.118Zm6.545.026a.739.739,0,0,1-.23.6.756.756,0,0,1-.588.256h-1.828a.8.8,0,0,1-.569-.224.765.765,0,0,1-.249-.543,14.292,14.292,0,0,0-1.291-5.222,14.4,14.4,0,0,0-7.255-7.255,14.48,14.48,0,0,0-5.222-1.3.765.765,0,0,1-.543-.249.783.783,0,0,1-.224-.556v-1.828a.756.756,0,0,1,.256-.588.765.765,0,0,1,.563-.23h.038a17.739,17.739,0,0,1,6.411,1.534,18.388,18.388,0,0,1,9.2,9.2A17.739,17.739,0,0,1,210,145.143Z" transform="translate(-192 -128)" fill="currentColor"/></svg> Download RSS feed: <a target="_blank" href="/topic/mitmachine-learning-rss.xml">News Articles</a> / <a target="_blank" href="/rss-in-the-media/topic/machine-learning">In the Media</a> / <a target="_blank" href="/rss-podcasts/topic/machine-learning">Audio</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="block-mit-content"> <div class="block-inner"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="page-term--views"> <div class="page-term--views--header-wrapper"> <div class="page-term--views--header-wrapper--inner"> <div class="page-term--views--header"> <header> Displaying 1 - 15 of 971 <i>news articles</i> related to this topic. <div class="loader-wrapper"><div class="loader"><div class="ball-clip-rotate"><div></div></div></div></div> </header> <a id="search-articles-in-term"></a> <form class="views-exposed-form" novalidate="novalidate" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-taxonomy-term-page-term" action="/topic/machine-learning" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-taxonomy-term-page__term" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <fieldset data-drupal-selector="edit-type" id="edit-type--wrapper" class="fieldgroup form-composite js-form-item form-item js-form-wrapper form-wrapper"> <legend> <span class="fieldset-legend">Show: </span> </legend> <div class="fieldset-wrapper"> <div id="edit-type"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-item-type js-form-item-type"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-type-1" type="radio" id="edit-type-1" name="type" value="1" checked="checked" class="form-radio" /> <label for="edit-type-1" class="option">News Articles</label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-item-type js-form-item-type"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-type-2" type="radio" id="edit-type-2" name="type" value="2" class="form-radio" /> <label for="edit-type-2" class="option">In the Media</label> </div> <div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-radio form-item-type js-form-item-type"> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-type-3" type="radio" id="edit-type-3" name="type" value="3" class="form-radio" /> <label for="edit-type-3" class="option">Audio</label> </div> </div> </div> </fieldset> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-taxonomy-term" type="submit" id="edit-submit-taxonomy-term" value="Apply" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list"> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/improving-health-one-machine-learning-system-time-1122" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Headshot of Marzyeh Ghassemi, who wears a black hijab" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/marzyeh-ghassemi-mit-00.jpg?itok=7dWCaljh" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/improving-health-one-machine-learning-system-time-1122"><span itemprop="name headline">Improving health, one machine learning system at a time</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>Marzyeh Ghassemi works to ensure health-care models are trained to be robust and fair.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-25T22:10:00Z">November 25, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/improving-health-one-machine-learning-system-time-1122" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/new-ai-tool-generates-realistic-satellite-images-future-flooding-1125" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="On left, a rural setting with grass and greenery. On right, brown flood water shows excessive flooding." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/MIT-AI-Flood-01-press.jpg?itok=aoKfXzc-" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/new-ai-tool-generates-realistic-satellite-images-future-flooding-1125"><span itemprop="name headline">New AI tool generates realistic satellite images of future flooding</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>The method could help communities visualize and prepare for approaching storms.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-25T16:20:00Z">November 25, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/new-ai-tool-generates-realistic-satellite-images-future-flooding-1125" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/mit-researchers-develop-efficiency-training-more-reliable-ai-agents-1122" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="A red stop light has the words, “AI” and a traffic intersection is in the background." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/MIT-TransferLearning-01-press.jpg?itok=qOQCHa40" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/mit-researchers-develop-efficiency-training-more-reliable-ai-agents-1122"><span itemprop="name headline">MIT researchers develop an efficient way to train more reliable AI agents</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>The technique could make AI systems better at complex tasks that involve variability.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-22T05:00:00Z">November 22, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/mit-researchers-develop-efficiency-training-more-reliable-ai-agents-1122" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/model-virtuosity-jordan-rudess-jam-bot-1119" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="On a dark stage, Jordan Rudess performs on keyboard in front of a kinetic sculpture featuring a grid of white petals" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/mit-visiting-artist-Jordan-Rudess.jpg?itok=TytYEgEQ" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/model-virtuosity-jordan-rudess-jam-bot-1119"><span itemprop="name headline">A model of virtuosity</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>Acclaimed keyboardist Jordan Rudess’s collaboration with the MIT Media Lab culminates in live improvisation between an AI “jam_bot” and the artist.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-19T20:30:00Z">November 19, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/model-virtuosity-jordan-rudess-jam-bot-1119" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/can-robots-learn-machine-dreams-1119" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Alan Yu, Phillip Isola, and Ge Yang squat behind a small silver quadruped robot" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/mit-csail-LucidSim.jpg?itok=CHFAuvm9" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/can-robots-learn-machine-dreams-1119"><span itemprop="name headline">Can robots learn from machine dreams?</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>MIT CSAIL researchers used AI-generated images to train a robot dog in parkour, without real-world data. Their LucidSim system demonstrates generative AI's potential for creating robotics training data.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-19T19:50:00Z">November 19, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/can-robots-learn-machine-dreams-1119" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/graph-based-ai-model-maps-future-innovation-1112" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="At left is a colorful expressionist painting. In the middle, an AI-generated circular graph, and on the right an AI-generated design that looks like a colorful biological specimen." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/mit-graph-material-design.png?itok=DtMHLWv-" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/graph-based-ai-model-maps-future-innovation-1112"><span itemprop="name headline">Graph-based AI model maps the future of innovation</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>An AI method developed by Professor Markus Buehler finds hidden links between science and art to suggest novel materials.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-12T20:45:00Z">November 12, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/graph-based-ai-model-maps-future-innovation-1112" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/3-questions-inverting-problem-design-1112" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="A 3D figure comprised of black planar bars, connected by joints, traces out the letters M, I, T, highlighted in orange" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/mit-linkages-00.png?itok=QtiE9lGJ" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/3-questions-inverting-problem-design-1112"><span itemprop="name headline">3 Questions: Inverting the problem of design</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>MIT and IBM researchers are creating linkage mechanisms to innovate human-AI kinematic engineering.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-12T16:45:00Z">November 12, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/3-questions-inverting-problem-design-1112" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/causal-theory-studying-cause-and-effect-relationships-genes-1107" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="A neural network has icons of DNA strands in the circular nodes. Arrows connect the nodes." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/MIT-CausalDisentanglement-01-press.jpg?itok=QnVqP3SC" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/causal-theory-studying-cause-and-effect-relationships-genes-1107"><span itemprop="name headline">A causal theory for studying the cause-and-effect relationships of genes</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>By sidestepping the need for costly interventions, a new method could potentially reveal gene regulatory programs, paving the way for targeted treatments.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-07T05:00:00Z">November 7, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/causal-theory-studying-cause-and-effect-relationships-genes-1107" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/portable-light-system-can-digitize-everyday-objects-1106" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Yunyi Zhu adjusts wires at her lab bench. Six insets show three objects before and after being reprogrammed: headphones, a shirt, and another shirt and arm cast.." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202410/mit-csail-portachrome.png?itok=1URqHTrC" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/portable-light-system-can-digitize-everyday-objects-1106"><span itemprop="name headline">A portable light system that can digitize everyday objects</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>A new design tool uses UV and RGB lights to change the color and textures of everyday objects. The system could enable surfaces to display dynamic patterns, such as health data and fashion designs.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-06T14:00:00Z">November 6, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/portable-light-system-can-digitize-everyday-objects-1106" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/generative-ai-lacks-coherent-world-understanding-1105" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Three panels showing mapping, gaming, and logic games" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/MIT_World-Model-01.jpg?itok=HxnJmdoV" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/generative-ai-lacks-coherent-world-understanding-1105"><span itemprop="name headline">Despite its impressive output, generative AI doesn’t have a coherent understanding of the world</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>Researchers show that even the best-performing large language models don’t form a true model of the world and its rules, and can thus fail unexpectedly on similar tasks. </span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-05T05:00:00Z">November 5, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/generative-ai-lacks-coherent-world-understanding-1105" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/empowering-systemic-racism-research-mit-and-beyond-1104" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Illustration of different overlapping screens showing different parts of faces with different skin tones and features" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202409/idss-icsr-systemic-racism-data-hub-cov.jpg?itok=Udqz-2dH" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/empowering-systemic-racism-research-mit-and-beyond-1104"><span itemprop="name headline">Empowering systemic racism research at MIT and beyond</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>Researchers in the MIT Initiative on Combatting Systemic Racism are building an open data repository to advance research on racial inequity in domains like policing, housing, and health care.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-04T19:40:00Z">November 4, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/empowering-systemic-racism-research-mit-and-beyond-1104" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/nanoscale-transistors-could-enable-more-efficient-electronics-1104" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Futuristic computer chip shot through by a laser" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202411/MIT-TunnelingElectrons-01-press.jpg?itok=mFcJL0e5" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/nanoscale-transistors-could-enable-more-efficient-electronics-1104"><span itemprop="name headline">Nanoscale transistors could enable more efficient electronics</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>Researchers are leveraging quantum mechanical properties to overcome the limits of silicon semiconductor technology.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-11-04T10:00:00Z">November 4, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/nanoscale-transistors-could-enable-more-efficient-electronics-1104" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/training-general-purpose-robots-faster-better-1028" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="In the lab, a dog sits next to a big white robot arm, dog food, bowl, tea pot, and mug." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202410/MIT-HeteroGenRobot-01-press.jpg?itok=KMlH7hfO" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/training-general-purpose-robots-faster-better-1028"><span itemprop="name headline">A faster, better way to train general-purpose robots</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>Inspired by large language models, researchers develop a training technique that pools diverse data to teach robots new skills. </span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-10-28T04:00:00Z">October 28, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/training-general-purpose-robots-faster-better-1028" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/making-it-easier-verify-ai-models-responses-1021" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="The nodes of a large language model burst out from a spreadsheet" class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202410/MIT-LLM-Symgen-01-press.jpg?itok=6SasHfb0" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/making-it-easier-verify-ai-models-responses-1021"><span itemprop="name headline">Making it easier to verify an AI model’s responses</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>By allowing users to clearly see data referenced by a large language model, this tool speeds manual validation to help users spot AI errors.</span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-10-21T15:40:00Z">October 21, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/making-it-easier-verify-ai-models-responses-1021" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="page-term--views--list-item"><article class="term-page--news-article--item"> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--cover-image"> <a href="/2024/combining-next-token-prediction-video-diffusion-computer-vision-robotics-1016" class="image--link"> <img loading="lazy" src="/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg" width="390" height="260" alt="Vincent Sitzmann and Boyuan Chen place a toy apple in front of a robotic arm attached to a table. A toy orange is nearby, placed on top of a blue circular mat, near light and dark green mats." class="ondemand" data-src="/sites/default/files/styles/term_page__news_article/public/images/202410/MIT-CSAIL-diffusion-forcing.jpg?itok=jUjBzW1R" /> </a> </div> <div class="term-page--news-article--item--descr"> <h3 class="term-page--news-article--item--title"> <a class="term-page--news-article--item--title--link" href="/2024/combining-next-token-prediction-video-diffusion-computer-vision-robotics-1016"><span itemprop="name headline">Combining next-token prediction and video diffusion in computer vision and robotics</span> </span> </a> </h3> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--dek"> <span>A new method can train a neural network to sort corrupted data while anticipating next steps. It can make flexible plans for robots, generate high-quality video, and help AI agents navigate digital environments. </span> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--publication-date"> <time datetime="2024-10-16T20:10:00Z">October 16, 2024</time> </p> <p class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story visually-hidden"><a href="/2024/combining-next-token-prediction-video-diffusion-computer-vision-robotics-1016" class="term-page--news-article--item--full-story-link">Read full story</a> →</p> </div> </article> </div> </div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="pagination-heading" class="views--pager"> <div class="views--pager--inner"> <h4 id="pagination-heading" class="visually-hidden">Pagination</h4> <ul class="js-pager__items"> <li> Page 1 </li> <li> <a href="/topic/machine-learning?page=1" title="Go to next page" rel="next"> <span class="visually-hidden">Next page</span> <span class="pager--button pager--button--next"><svg class="arrow--point-east--slider" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="0" viewBox="0 0 16.621 30.183"> <defs> <clipPath id="clip-path"> <path id="Path_496" data-name="Path 496" d="M0-126.293H16.621V-96.11H0Z" transform="translate(0 126.293)"/> </clipPath> </defs> <g id="Group_2042" data-name="Group 2042" transform="translate(16.621 30.183) rotate(180)"> <g id="Group_115" data-name="Group 115" clip-path="url(#clip-path)"> <g id="Group_114" data-name="Group 114" transform="translate(0 0)"> <path id="Path_495" data-name="Path 495" d="M-48.055-96.11a1.522,1.522,0,0,1-1.081-.448L-62.7-110.12a1.529,1.529,0,0,1,0-2.163l13.562-13.562a1.528,1.528,0,0,1,2.162,0,1.529,1.529,0,0,1,0,2.163L-59.454-111.2l12.48,12.48a1.529,1.529,0,0,1,0,2.163,1.524,1.524,0,0,1-1.081.448" transform="translate(63.146 126.293)" /> </g> </g> </g> </svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="site-footer--inner" data-nosnippet> <div class="site-footer--intro"> <div class="site-footer--logo"> <div class="site-footer--logo--mit-news"> <h2> <a class="logo-mit-news" href="/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="0" viewBox="0 0 350.922 78.577" class="logo mit-news-logo"> <g class="tagline" transform="translate(0.487 66.798)"> <g> <path d="M12.132,61.991a5.519,5.519,0,0,1-5.866,5.753A5.554,5.554,0,0,1,.4,61.854a5.809,5.809,0,0,1,1.816-4.383,6.04,6.04,0,0,1,4.05-1.37C9.9,55.965,12.132,58.43,12.132,61.991Zm-8.939-.137c0,2.328,1.117,3.7,3.073,3.7s3.073-1.37,3.073-3.7-1.117-3.835-3.073-3.835C4.45,58.156,3.193,59.526,3.193,61.854Z" transform="translate(-0.4 -55.965)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M17.884,67.531l-3.352-5.753-1.257-2.191v7.944H10.9V56.3h2.793l3.212,5.616c.419.822.7,1.37,1.257,2.328V56.3h2.374V67.531Z" transform="translate(3.765 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M32.441,59.972a2.177,2.177,0,0,0-2.374-1.644c-1.955,0-3.073,1.37-3.073,3.7s1.117,3.7,2.933,3.7a2.319,2.319,0,0,0,2.514-2.055h2.793c-.279,2.6-2.374,4.109-5.308,4.109-3.492,0-5.727-2.328-5.727-5.89S26.435,56,29.927,56c2.793,0,4.749,1.507,5.168,3.835H32.441Z" transform="translate(9.042 -56)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M36.731,65.2l-.7,2.328H33.1L37.29,56.3h3.352l3.771,11.231H41.341l-.7-2.328Zm2.1-6.438-1.4,4.383h2.654Z" transform="translate(12.572 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M47.209,67.531,45.533,61.5a6.062,6.062,0,0,1-.279-1.1,3.476,3.476,0,0,0-.279-.685v7.807H42.6V56.3h3.771l1.536,5.89a17.317,17.317,0,0,1,.559,2.6c0-.274.14-.274.14-.411l.14-.685a4.758,4.758,0,0,0,.14-.822,2.356,2.356,0,0,0,.14-.685l1.536-5.89h3.771V67.531H51.958V59.724a2.958,2.958,0,0,1-.419,1.233,1.343,1.343,0,0,0-.14.548l-1.676,6.027H47.209Z" transform="translate(16.341 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M56.054,67.531H53.4V56.3h4.609a4.736,4.736,0,0,1,3.212.822A3.7,3.7,0,0,1,62.479,60a3.373,3.373,0,0,1-.978,2.6,4.044,4.044,0,0,1-2.933,1.1H56.054Zm2.1-6.027a1.515,1.515,0,1,0,0-3.013h-2.1v3.15h2.1Z" transform="translate(20.626 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M71.2,56.2v7.67a3.174,3.174,0,0,1-1.257,2.876,5.531,5.531,0,0,1-3.492.959,5.8,5.8,0,0,1-3.492-.959A3.334,3.334,0,0,1,61.7,63.87V56.2h2.654v7.4c0,.822.14,1.1.419,1.37a3.034,3.034,0,0,0,1.676.548,1.759,1.759,0,0,0,1.536-.548c.419-.274.419-.685.419-1.37V56.2Z" transform="translate(23.918 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M77.684,59.8v-.137c0-.959-.838-1.507-2.1-1.507s-1.955.411-1.955,1.1c0,.411.419.822,1.117.959l2.374.548a5.282,5.282,0,0,1,2.654,1.1,2.861,2.861,0,0,1,.838,2.191c0,2.328-1.816,3.7-4.889,3.7-3.212,0-5.028-1.507-5.028-3.972h2.654c0,1.233.838,1.918,2.374,1.918,1.4,0,2.235-.411,2.235-1.233,0-.548-.419-.959-1.257-1.1l-2.374-.548a4.257,4.257,0,0,1-2.514-1.1,2.738,2.738,0,0,1-.978-2.191c0-2.191,1.816-3.424,4.749-3.424a4.661,4.661,0,0,1,4.05,1.644,4.541,4.541,0,0,1,.7,2.191H77.684Z" transform="translate(27.489 -55.963)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M86.931,65.2l-.7,2.328H83.3L87.49,56.3h3.352l3.771,11.231H91.541l-.7-2.328Zm2.1-6.438-1.4,4.383h2.654Z" transform="translate(32.487 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M99.784,67.531l-3.352-5.753-1.257-2.191v7.944H92.8V56.3h2.793l3.212,5.616c.419.822.7,1.37,1.257,2.328V56.3h2.374V67.531Z" transform="translate(36.256 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M102.1,56.2h4.05c2.374,0,3.631.411,4.749,1.507a5.554,5.554,0,0,1,1.4,3.972,6.348,6.348,0,0,1-1.536,4.246c-.978,1.1-2.374,1.507-4.469,1.507h-4.05V56.2Zm4.469,9.177c1.257,0,1.955-.274,2.374-1.1a5.132,5.132,0,0,0,0-4.657,2.161,2.161,0,0,0-2.235-1.1h-1.955v6.985h1.816Z" transform="translate(39.946 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M118.631,65.2l-.7,2.328H115L119.19,56.3h3.352l3.771,11.231h-3.073l-.7-2.328Zm2.1-6.438-1.4,4.383h2.654Z" transform="translate(45.063 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M127.154,67.531H124.5V56.3h5.168a4.621,4.621,0,0,1,3.073.685,2.9,2.9,0,0,1,1.117,2.328,2.8,2.8,0,0,1-1.955,2.739c1.117.411,1.536.959,1.676,2.465l.14,1.644a2.721,2.721,0,0,0,.419,1.507h-2.654a1.058,1.058,0,0,1-.419-.959l-.14-1.507c-.14-1.37-.7-2.055-2.1-2.055h-1.816v4.383Zm2.654-6.574c.978,0,1.536-.411,1.536-1.233s-.559-1.233-1.536-1.233h-2.654v2.6h2.654Z" transform="translate(48.832 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M144.832,61.991a5.867,5.867,0,0,1-11.732-.137,5.809,5.809,0,0,1,1.816-4.383,6.04,6.04,0,0,1,4.05-1.37C142.458,55.965,144.832,58.43,144.832,61.991Zm-8.939-.137c0,2.328,1.117,3.7,3.073,3.7s3.073-1.37,3.073-3.7-1.117-3.835-3.073-3.835C137.011,58.156,135.893,59.526,135.893,61.854Z" transform="translate(52.244 -55.965)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M153.1,56.2v7.67a3.174,3.174,0,0,1-1.257,2.876,5.531,5.531,0,0,1-3.492.959,5.8,5.8,0,0,1-3.492-.959A3.333,3.333,0,0,1,143.6,63.87V56.2h2.654v7.4c0,.822.14,1.1.419,1.37a3.034,3.034,0,0,0,1.676.548,1.759,1.759,0,0,0,1.536-.548c.419-.274.419-.685.419-1.37V56.2Z" transform="translate(56.409 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M159.784,67.531l-3.352-5.753-1.257-2.191v7.944H152.8V56.3h2.793l3.212,5.616c.419.822.7,1.37,1.257,2.328V56.3h2.374V67.531Z" transform="translate(60.059 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M162.1,56.2h4.05c2.374,0,3.631.411,4.749,1.507a5.553,5.553,0,0,1,1.4,3.972,6.348,6.348,0,0,1-1.536,4.246c-.978,1.1-2.374,1.507-4.469,1.507h-4.05V56.2Zm4.469,9.177c1.257,0,1.955-.274,2.374-1.1a5.132,5.132,0,0,0,0-4.657,2.161,2.161,0,0,0-2.235-1.1h-1.955v6.985h1.816Z" transform="translate(63.748 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M181.385,67.531h-2.654v-9.04H175.1V56.3h9.777v2.191h-3.631v9.04Z" transform="translate(68.906 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M186.454,62.6v4.931H183.8V56.3h2.654v4.246h4.33V56.3h2.654V67.531h-2.654V62.6Z" transform="translate(72.357 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M201.9,58.355h-6.146v2.191h5.308V62.6h-5.308V65.34h6.285v2.191H193.1V56.3h8.8Z" transform="translate(76.046 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M208.312,67.531,205.1,56.3h2.654l1.257,5.068c.279.959.419,1.507.7,2.739a11.82,11.82,0,0,1,.559-2.739l1.117-5.068H213.9l1.117,5.068a23.766,23.766,0,0,1,.559,2.739c.14-.548.279-1.37.559-2.739l1.257-5.068h2.654l-3.352,11.231h-2.514l-1.117-4.657A19.263,19.263,0,0,1,212.5,60c-.279,1.233-.419,1.918-.559,2.876l-1.117,4.657Z" transform="translate(80.807 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M228.532,61.991a5.867,5.867,0,0,1-11.732-.137,5.809,5.809,0,0,1,1.816-4.383,6.04,6.04,0,0,1,4.05-1.37C226.3,55.965,228.532,58.43,228.532,61.991Zm-8.939-.137c0,2.328,1.117,3.7,3.073,3.7s3.073-1.37,3.073-3.7-1.117-3.835-3.073-3.835C220.85,58.156,219.593,59.526,219.593,61.854Z" transform="translate(85.449 -55.965)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M229.954,67.531H227.3V56.3h5.168a4.621,4.621,0,0,1,3.073.685,2.9,2.9,0,0,1,1.117,2.328,2.8,2.8,0,0,1-1.955,2.739c1.117.411,1.536.959,1.676,2.465l.14,1.644a2.721,2.721,0,0,0,.419,1.507h-2.654a1.058,1.058,0,0,1-.419-.959l-.14-1.507c-.14-1.37-.7-2.055-2.1-2.055h-1.816v4.383Zm2.514-6.574c.978,0,1.536-.411,1.536-1.233s-.559-1.233-1.536-1.233h-2.654v2.6h2.654Z" transform="translate(89.614 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M238.954,65.34h5.726v2.191H236.3V56.3h2.654Z" transform="translate(93.184 -55.889)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M244,56.2h4.05c2.374,0,3.631.411,4.749,1.507a5.553,5.553,0,0,1,1.4,3.972,6.348,6.348,0,0,1-1.536,4.246c-.978,1.1-2.374,1.507-4.469,1.507H244Zm4.47,9.177c1.257,0,1.955-.274,2.374-1.1a5.132,5.132,0,0,0,0-4.657,2.161,2.161,0,0,0-2.235-1.1h-1.955v6.985h1.816Z" transform="translate(96.239 -55.926)" fill="#333"/> </g> </g> <g class="mit-news"> <path d="M21.773,55.944,13.867,26.123c-.608-2.5-1.095-4.294-1.46-5.487-.487-1.789-.487-2.147-.973-3.7.122,2.028.122,3.459.122,4.413l.122,5.368V55.944H0V0H18l7.3,29.344c1.095,4.413,2.068,8.946,2.8,12.644q.365-1.61.365-1.789l.973-3.578c.122-.954.487-2.266.851-3.817.487-1.789.851-3.578.851-3.7L38.559,0H56.439V55.944H44.762V26.719l.122-5.368c0-1.074,0-2.386.122-4.413-.973,3.34-1.581,5.606-1.825,6.322-.487,1.551-.73,2.624-.851,2.743l-7.785,29.94Z" fill="#333"/> <path d="M64.294,55.944H51.4V0H64.294Z" transform="translate(11.121)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M97.166,55.944H84.272V10.735H67V0h47.438V10.735H97.166Z" transform="translate(14.497)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M158.372,55.944,142.194,27.316l-5.96-10.855c.122,2.982.122,5.01.122,6.68.122,2.982.122,6.322.122,9.781V55.944H124.8V0h13.38l15.691,27.912c2.189,4.175,3.649,7.157,5.839,11.332-.122-2.266-.122-3.817-.122-5.487l-.122-4.175V0h11.677V55.944Z" transform="translate(27.003)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M181.085,36.911c.73,5.487,4.136,8.588,9.366,8.588,3.284,0,5.6-1.074,7.177-3.578h12.285C207.6,49.793,199.939,54.8,190.086,54.8c-12.772,0-21.286-8.588-21.286-21.352,0-12.644,8.636-21.352,21.165-21.352,8.758,0,15.326,4.294,18.367,11.928,1.46,3.578,2.068,7.276,2.068,12.883Zm16.908-8.469c-.487-4.771-3.284-7.4-8.028-7.4s-7.785,2.624-8.758,7.4Z" transform="translate(36.523 2.333)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M217.485,53.456,205.2,12.9h12.285l3.527,13.24c.973,3.578,2.189,9.781,2.8,13.121,1.216-6.083,2.189-10.735,2.8-13.121l3.527-13.24h10.582l3.649,13.24c1.581,6.2,2.311,9.781,2.919,13.121.73-4.175,1.46-7.873,2.676-13.121l3.284-13.24h12.529L254.1,53.456H242.421l-4.014-14.195c-1.216-4.891-1.946-8.35-3.041-13.6-1.216,5.606-2.189,10.02-3.041,13.6l-3.406,14.195Z" transform="translate(44.398 2.487)" fill="#333"/> <path d="M282.944,25.379c-.487-2.982-3.041-4.652-7.055-4.652-3.527,0-5.839,1.312-5.839,3.34,0,1.551,1.216,2.266,5.109,3.1l7.663,1.551c5.109.954,7.663,2.147,9.366,3.936,1.946,1.789,3.041,4.891,3.041,8.111,0,8.588-7.055,13.956-18.61,13.956-11.434,0-18.61-5.248-19.219-14.314h11.434c.73,3.817,3.284,5.606,8.15,5.606,3.892,0,6.325-1.551,6.325-3.936,0-1.909-1.338-2.982-4.622-3.7l-7.541-1.67c-9.123-1.909-12.529-5.248-12.529-11.69,0-8.111,6.568-13.121,17.637-13.121,10.582,0,17.029,4.652,18.124,13.24H282.944Z" transform="translate(55.693 2.295)" fill="#333"/> </g> </svg><span class="visually-hidden">More about MIT News at Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span></a> </h2> </div> </div> <p>This website is managed by the MIT News Office, part of the <a href="http://comms.mit.edu" target="_blank">Institute Office of Communications</a>.</p> </div> <div class="site-footer--news-by-schools"> <h3>News by Schools/College:</h3> <ul class="site-footer--news-by-schools--list"> <li class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link-item"><a class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link" href="/school/architecture-and-planning">School of Architecture and Planning</a></li> <li class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link-item"><a class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link" href="/school/engineering">School of Engineering</a></li> <li class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link-item"><a class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link" href="/school/humanities-arts-and-social-sciences">School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences</a></li> <li class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link-item"><a class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link" href="/school/management">MIT Sloan School of Management</a></li> <li class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link-item"><a class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link" href="/school/science">School of Science</a></li> <li class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link-item"><a class="site-footer--news-by-schools--link" href="/school/mit-schwarzman-college-computing">MIT Schwarzman College of Computing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--resources"> <h3 class="visually-hidden">Resources:</h3> <ul class="site-footer--resources--list"> <li class="site-footer--resources--link-item"><a class="site-footer--resources--link" href="/mit-news-office/about">About the MIT News Office</a></li> <li class="site-footer--resources--link-item"><a class="site-footer--resources--link" href="/press">MIT News Press Center</a></li> <li class="site-footer--resources--link-item"><a class="site-footer--resources--link" href="/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li class="site-footer--resources--link-item"><a class="site-footer--resources--link" href="/press/inquiries">Press Inquiries</a></li> <li class="site-footer--resources--link-item"><a class="site-footer--resources--link" href="/press/filming-guidelines">Filming Guidelines</a></li> <li class="site-footer--resources--link-item"><a class="site-footer--resources--link" href="/rss">RSS Feeds</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="site-footer--cta"> <h3 class="visually-hidden">Tools:</h3> <ul class="site-footer--cta--list"> <li class="site-footer--cta--link-item"><a class="site-footer--cta--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/mit-daily-weekly/" target="_blank">Subscribe to MIT Daily/Weekly</a></li> <li class="site-footer--cta--link-item"><a class="site-footer--cta--link" href="/press/subscribe-to-press-releases">Subscribe to press releases</a></li> <li class="site-footer--cta--link-item"><a class="site-footer--cta--link" href="/user/login?destination=news-submission">Submit campus news</a></li> <li class="site-footer--cta--link-item"><a class="site-footer--cta--link" href="/resources-for-campus-news-contributors">Guidelines for campus news contributors</a></li> <li class="site-footer--cta--link-item"><a class="site-footer--cta--link" href="/guidelines-generative-ai">Guidelines on generative AI</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> <section class="tle-footer"> <div class="tle-logo"> <div class="tle-logo-mit"> <a class="logo-mit" href="http://web.mit.edu" target="_blank"> <svg class="mit-logo tle--logo-mit" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="200" height="105.882" viewBox="0 0 200 105.882"> <path class="mit-logo-name--color" id="mit_logo_std_rgb_black" d="M265.882,265.882h23.529V195.294H265.882Zm35.294-82.353H360V160H301.176ZM265.882,160h23.529v23.529H265.882ZM230.588,265.882h23.529V160H230.588Zm-35.294-23.529h23.529V160H195.294ZM160,265.882h23.529V160H160Zm141.176,0h23.529V195.294H301.176Z" transform="translate(-160 -160)"/> </svg><span class="visually-hidden">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span></a> </div> </div> <nav class="tle-footer--nav"> <span class="visually-hidden">MIT Top Level Links:</span> <ul class="tle-footer--nav--list"> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/education">Education</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/research">Research</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/admissions-aid">Admissions + Aid</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/campus-life">Campus Life</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="/">News</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" href="http://web.mit.edu/about">About MIT</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--nav--link-item better-world"><a class="tle-footer--nav--link" target="_blank" href="http://web.mit.edu/building-a-better-world/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="arrow--point-northeast"> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" transform="translate(1 1)"> <polyline points="3 0 14 0 14 11"/> <path d="M14,0 L0,14"/> </g> </svg> Join us in building a better world.</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="tle-footer--info"> <p><a href="http://web.mit.edu" target="_blank" class="mit-name">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a><br/>77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA</p> <span class="visually-hidden">Recommended Links:</span> <ul class="tle-footer--utility-list"> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://web.mit.edu/visitmit">Visit</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://whereis.mit.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Map<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new window)</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://calendar.mit.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Events<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new window)</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://web.mit.edu/people.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">People<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new window)</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://careers.mit.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Careers<span class="visually-hidden"> (opens in new window)</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://web.mit.edu/contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item tle-footer--utility-item--privacy"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://web.mit.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"><a class="tle-footer--utility-link" href="http://web.mit.edu/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--utility-item"> <ul class="tle-footer--social-list"> <li class="tle-footer--social-item"><a target="_blank" class="tle-footer--social-link--title" href="http://socialmediahub.mit.edu">Social Media Hub</a></li> <li class="tle-footer--social-item"><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/mit"><span class="tle-footer--social-link--icon" ><svg class="icon--twitter" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15.656" height="16" viewBox="0 0 15.656 16"> <path d="M9.317,6.775,15.146,0H13.765L8.7,5.883,4.662,0H0L6.112,8.9,0,16H1.381L6.725,9.788,10.994,16h4.662L9.317,6.775Zm-1.892,2.2-.619-.886L1.879,1.04H4L7.977,6.728l.619.886,5.169,7.394H11.644L7.426,8.974Z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg></span><span class="visually-hidden">MIT on X</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--social-item"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/MITnews"><span class="tle-footer--social-link--icon" ><svg class="icon--facebook" width="8" height="16" viewBox="0 0 8 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M5.32 16H1.773V7.999H0V5.242h1.773V3.587c0-2.249 1-3.587 3.844-3.587h2.367v2.758h-1.48c-1.107 0-1.18.385-1.18 1.104l-.005 1.38H8L7.686 8H5.32V16z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"/> </svg> </span><span class="visually-hidden">MIT on Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--social-item"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/mit"><span class="tle-footer--social-link--icon" ><svg class="icon--youtube" viewbox="0 0 24 17" height="16" width="23" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M22.938 3.005A2.87 2.87 0 0 0 20.916.984C19.143.5 12.011.5 12.011.5S4.867.512 3.093.996a2.87 2.87 0 0 0-2.022 2.022C.6 4.79.6 8.5.6 8.5s0 3.709.484 5.495a2.87 2.87 0 0 0 2.021 2.021c1.774.484 8.906.484 8.906.484s7.132 0 8.905-.484a2.87 2.87 0 0 0 2.022-2.021c.484-1.774.484-5.495.484-5.495s0-3.709-.484-5.495zm-13.21 8.918V5.077l5.93 3.423-5.93 3.423z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </span><span class="visually-hidden">MIT on YouTube</span></a></li> <li class="tle-footer--social-item"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/mit"><span class="tle-footer--social-link--icon" ><svg class="icon--instagram" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <path id="a" d="M0 .005h15.257V15.26H0z"/> </defs> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(.384 .529)"> <mask id="b" fill="#fff"> <use xlink:href="#a"/> </mask> <path d="M7.629.005c-2.072 0-2.332.009-3.146.046-.812.037-1.366.166-1.851.354a3.74 3.74 0 0 0-1.352.88A3.74 3.74 0 0 0 .4 2.636c-.188.486-.317 1.04-.354 1.852C.009 5.302 0 5.562 0 7.633c0 2.072.009 2.332.046 3.146.037.812.166 1.366.355 1.851.194.502.455.928.88 1.352.424.424.849.685 1.35.88.486.188 1.04.317 1.852.354.814.037 1.074.046 3.146.046 2.071 0 2.331-.009 3.145-.046.812-.037 1.366-.166 1.852-.354a3.74 3.74 0 0 0 1.35-.88 3.74 3.74 0 0 0 .88-1.352c.19-.485.318-1.04.355-1.851.037-.814.046-1.074.046-3.146 0-2.071-.009-2.331-.046-3.145-.037-.812-.166-1.366-.354-1.852a3.74 3.74 0 0 0-.88-1.35 3.74 3.74 0 0 0-1.351-.88c-.486-.19-1.04-.318-1.852-.355C9.96.014 9.7.005 7.629.005zm0 1.374c2.037 0 2.278.008 3.082.045.744.034 1.148.158 1.417.262.356.139.61.304.877.571.267.267.432.521.57.877.105.27.23.673.263 1.417.037.804.045 1.046.045 3.082 0 2.037-.008 2.279-.045 3.083-.034.744-.158 1.148-.262 1.417-.139.356-.304.61-.571.877a2.363 2.363 0 0 1-.877.57c-.269.105-.673.23-1.417.263-.804.037-1.045.045-3.082.045s-2.279-.008-3.083-.045c-.744-.034-1.148-.158-1.417-.263a2.363 2.363 0 0 1-.877-.57 2.364 2.364 0 0 1-.57-.877c-.105-.27-.23-.673-.263-1.417-.037-.804-.044-1.046-.044-3.083 0-2.036.007-2.278.044-3.082.034-.744.158-1.148.263-1.417.138-.356.303-.61.57-.877.267-.267.521-.432.877-.57.27-.105.673-.23 1.417-.263.804-.037 1.046-.045 3.083-.045z" fill="currentColor" mask="url(#b)"/> </g> <path d="M8.013 10.705a2.543 2.543 0 1 1 0-5.086 2.543 2.543 0 0 1 0 5.086zm0-6.46a3.917 3.917 0 1 0 0 7.835 3.917 3.917 0 0 0 0-7.835zM13 4.09a.915.915 0 1 1-1.83 0 .915.915 0 0 1 1.83 0" fill="currentColor"/> </g> </svg> </span><span class="visually-hidden">MIT on Instagram</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> <script src="/themes/mit/assets/js/modernizr.js?snasqh"></script> <script src="/themes/mit/assets/js/main.js?snasqh"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10