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track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > About web.dev </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </devsite-book-nav> <section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" id="main-content" class="devsite-main-content" > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars disabled></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"><style> /* Styles inlined from /explore/patch.css */ [theme=web-theme] .devsite-landing-row-3-up.wd-explore-3up .devsite-landing-row-item { text-align: left; } [theme=web-theme] .wd-explore-3up .devsite-landing-row-item-list-item-description h4 { padding: 0; } .wd-explore-3up .devsite-landing-row-item-list-item-description a:hover{ text-decoration: underline; } [theme=web-theme] .devsite-landing-row-3-up .devsite-landing-row-item.wd-3col-icons-list { text-align: left; } [theme=web-theme] .wd-explore-2up .devsite-landing-row-item-list-item-description a:hover{ text-decoration: underline; } [theme=web-theme] .wd-explore-2up .devsite-landing-row-item-list-item-description h4 { padding: 0; } [theme=web-theme] .devsite-landing-row-item-buttons.left { justify-self: flex-start; } [theme=web-theme] .devsite-landing-row-3-up.devsite-landing-row-cards img { max-height: 200px; object-fit: cover; } [theme=web-theme] .devsite-landing-row-3-up.devsite-landing-row-cards img.devsite-landing-row-item-icon { object-fit: contain; } </style> <div class="devsite-banner devsite-banner-announcement nocontent" > <div class="devsite-banner-message"> <div class="devsite-banner-message-text"> Chrome is back at Google I/O on May 20-21! <a href="https://io.google/2025/register/?utm_source=devsite&utm_medium=embedded_marketing&utm_campaign=wdd&utm_content=">Register now</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" > <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://web.dev/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="web.dev" > web.dev </a> </li> </ul> </div> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded disabled> </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix devsite-no-page-title"> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-50 devsite-landing-row-hero devsite-landing-row-no-image-background wd-about-hero" background="white" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/images/home-blue_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 708px" fetchpriority="high"> </picture> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="building-a-better-web-together" data-text="Building a better web, together" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> Building a better web, together </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> We want to help you build beautiful, accessible, fast, and secure websites that work cross-browser, and for all of your users. This site is our home for content to help you on that journey, written by members of the Chrome team, and external experts who specialize in web development topics such as accessibility, performance, design, and more. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-75 devsite-landing-row-no-image-background" background="grey" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/baseline"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/baseline/image/baseline-wordmark_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 342px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="baseline" data-text="Baseline" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/baseline"> Baseline </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Web Platform Baseline brings clarity to information about browser support for web platform features, providing clear information about which web platform features are ready to use in your projects today. When reading an article here on web.dev, if the features used are all part of Baseline, you can trust the level of browser compatibility. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/baseline" class="button " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up devsite-landing-row-cards" background="white" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" background="grey" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/ai"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/images/ai-feature_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="ai-and-the-web" data-text="AI and the web" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/ai"> AI and the web </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Discover resources created to help you understand and build performant, web-first experiences with AI. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/ai" class="button button-primary " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" background="grey" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/how-to-optimize-inp?utm_source=web.dev&amp;utm_medium=cards&amp;utm_campaign=inp-cwv"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/images/inp-cwv.v2_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="optimize-inp" data-text="Optimize INP" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/how-to-optimize-inp?utm_source=web.dev&amp;utm_medium=cards&amp;utm_campaign=inp-cwv"> Optimize INP </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Interaction to Next Paint (INP) is now a Core Web Vital metrics. <a href="https://web.dev/explore/how-to-optimize-inp?utm_source=web.dev&utm_medium=cards&utm_campaign=inp-cwv">Start measuring and optimizing</a> your site's INP. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/how-to-optimize-inp?utm_source=web.dev&amp;utm_medium=cards&amp;utm_campaign=inp-cwv" class="button button-primary " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" background="grey" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/identity"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/identity/image/hero-identity_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="payments-amp-identity" data-text="Payments &amp; Identity" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/identity"> Payments &amp; Identity </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Read up on the latest features and best practices when it comes to identity and payment processing. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/identity" class="button button-primary " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-100 devsite-landing-row-padding-small" background="grey" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="explore-the-web-platform" data-text="Explore the web platform" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> Explore the web platform </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> The web platform is a constantly evolving ecosystem of browser features and APIs that developers can use to make websites that are easy and delightful to use. These pages are pathways for you to dive into each part of the web platform on web.dev—at your pace: </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up devsite-landing-row-cards devsite-landing-row-item-centered" background="grey" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" background="white" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" icon-position="top" > <a href="https://web.dev/html"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon-container" background="grey" foreground="light-blue" size="medium" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> image </div> </div> </a> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="html" data-text="HTML" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/html"> HTML </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> HTML is the document layer of the web, providing structure and semantics for pages. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/html" class="button button-primary " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" background="white" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" icon-position="top" > <a href="https://web.dev/css"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon-container" background="grey" foreground="light-blue" size="medium" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> web </div> </div> </a> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="css" data-text="CSS" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/css"> CSS </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> CSS is the presentation layer of the web, and allows you to your web pages look just like you want them to. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/css" class="button button-primary " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" background="white" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" icon-position="top" > <a href="https://web.dev/javascript"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon-container" background="grey" foreground="light-blue" size="medium" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-icon material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> timer </div> </div> </a> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="javascript" data-text="JavaScript" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/javascript"> JavaScript </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> JavaScript provides rich interactivity to web pages, allowing developers to build richly interactive websites that help users to perform tasks and accomplish goals. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/javascript" class="button button-primary " >Learn more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-100 devsite-landing-row-padding-small" background="white" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="learn-the-web-platform" data-text="Learn the web platform" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> Learn the web platform </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> New to the web platform? We've got you covered! Dive into each part of the web platform with these courses curated specifically for beginners to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-3-up devsite-landing-row-cards devsite-landing-row-item-centered" background="white" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" background="grey" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/html"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/learn/html/card_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Course</span> </div> <h3 id="learn-html" data-text="Learn HTML" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/html"> Learn HTML </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> A solid overview of HTML for developers, from novice to expert level HTML. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/html" class="button button-primary " >Start course</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" background="grey" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/css"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/learn/css/card_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Course</span> </div> <h3 id="learn-css" data-text="Learn CSS" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/css"> Learn CSS </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> A guide to CSS with modules covering everything from accessibility to z-index. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/css" class="button button-primary " >Start course</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" background="grey" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/javascript"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/learn/javascript/card_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 840px) 50vw, 464px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-labels"> <span class=" " >Course</span> </div> <h3 id="learn-javascript" data-text="Learn JavaScript" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/javascript"> Learn JavaScript </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> An in-depth course on the basics of JavaScript. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/javascript" class="button button-primary " >Start course</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-1-up devsite-landing-row-75 devsite-landing-row-no-image-background" background="grey" header-position="top" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-media "> <figure class="devsite-landing-row-item-image"> <a href="https://web.dev/baseline"> <picture> <img alt="" src="https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header.png" srcset="https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_36.png 36w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_48.png 48w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_72.png 72w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_96.png 96w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_480.png 480w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_720.png 720w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_856.png 856w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_960.png 960w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_1440.png 1440w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_1920.png 1920w,https://web.dev/static/images/blog-header_2880.png 2880w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, (max-width: 840px) 50vw, 342px" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="keep-up-on-web-development-news" data-text="Keep up on web development news" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/baseline"> Keep up on web development news </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Our blog contains the latest news in web development, including new web platform features, updates to Baseline, AI, Core Web Vitals, and more. Keep up with the latest blog reading our blog. </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/baseline" class="button " >Read the blog</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up devsite-landing-row-padding-medium wd-top-stroke" background="white" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="css-and-ui-design" data-text="CSS and UI design" tabindex="0"> CSS and UI design </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Learn the latest tips and techniques to use in your work, right now. </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/css" class="button button-primary " >Explore CSS</a> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="adapting-typography-to-user-preference-using-css" data-text="Adapting typography to user preference using CSS" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/articles/adapting-typography-to-user-preferences-with-css"> Adapting typography to user preference using CSS </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Adapt a font to your users' preferences, so they're maximally comfortable reading your content. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="new-css-color-spaces-and-functions-in-all-major-engines" data-text="New CSS color spaces and functions in all major engines" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/blog/color-spaces-and-functions"> New CSS color spaces and functions in all major engines </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> All major engines now support the new CSS color spaces and functions. Find out how they can bring vibrancy to your designs. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="what-are-source-maps" data-text="What are source maps?" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/articles/source-maps"> What are source maps? </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Improve web debugging experience with source maps. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="css-subgrid" data-text="CSS subgrid" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/articles/css-subgrid"> CSS subgrid </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Subgrid is now interoperable across all three major engines. Find out how to use it. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up devsite-landing-row-padding-medium wd-top-stroke" background="grey" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="core-web-vitals" data-text="Core Web Vitals" tabindex="0"> Core Web Vitals </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Build faster websites and apps by understanding Core Web Vitals and other metrics. </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/performance" class="button button-primary " >Explore Core Web Vitals</a> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="the-most-effective-ways-to-improve-core-web-vitals" data-text="The most effective ways to improve Core Web Vitals" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/articles/top-cwv"> The most effective ways to improve Core Web Vitals </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> A collection of best practices for optimizing websites' Core Web Vitals performance based on the state of the web. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="how-to-optimize-inp" data-text="How to optimize INP" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/how-to-optimize-inp"> How to optimize INP </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Learn how to optimize for the Interaction to Next Paint metric. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="common-misconceptions-about-how-to-optimize-lcp" data-text="Common misconceptions about how to optimize LCP" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/blog/common-misconceptions-lcp"> Common misconceptions about how to optimize LCP </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Explore common misconceptions about optimizing Largest Contentful Paint by looking beyond image optimization and considering factors like Time to First Byte and resource load delay. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="best-practices-for-measuring-web-vitals-in-the-field" data-text="Best practices for measuring Web Vitals in the field" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/articles/vitals-field-measurement-best-practices"> Best practices for measuring Web Vitals in the field </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Guidance for collecting and reporting Web Vitals quickly and reliably. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up devsite-landing-row-padding-medium wd-top-stroke" background="white" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="progressive-web-apps" data-text="Progressive Web Apps" tabindex="0"> Progressive Web Apps </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Create capable web experiences. </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/explore/progressive-web-apps" class="button button-primary " >More on PWA</a> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="learn-pwa" data-text="Learn PWA" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/pwa"> Learn PWA </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> A course that breaks down every aspect of modern progressive web app development. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="transformstream-is-now-supported-cross-browser" data-text="TransformStream is now supported cross browser." class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/blog/transformstream"> TransformStream is now supported cross browser. </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Now that transform streams are supported in Safari, Firefox, and Chrome they are finally ready for prime time. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="new-patterns-for-amazing-apps" data-text="New patterns for amazing apps" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/blog/new-patterns-for-amazing-apps"> New patterns for amazing apps </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Dive into a fantastic collection of new patterns for amazing apps, including clipboard patterns, file patterns, and advanced app patterns. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="project-fugu-api-showcase" data-text="Project Fugu API showcase" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/fugu-showcase/"> Project Fugu API showcase </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> On the Chrome Developers site, explore capabilities APIs. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="devsite-landing-row devsite-landing-row-4-up devsite-landing-row-padding-medium wd-top-stroke" background="grey" header-position="left" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-inner"> <header class="devsite-landing-row-header" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-text"> <h2 id="accessible-for-all" data-text="Accessible for all" tabindex="0"> Accessible for all </h2> <div class="devsite-landing-row-description"> Learn how to make your sites more accessible for people with disabilities, whether permanent, temporary, or situational. </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-header-buttons"> <a href="https://web.dev/accessibility" class="button button-primary " >More on accessibility</a> </div> </header> <div class="devsite-landing-row-group"> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="learn-accessibility" data-text="Learn Accessibility" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/learn/accessibility"> Learn Accessibility </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> Our new course is a great entry point and reference for accessibility topics. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="testing-web-design-color-contrast" data-text="Testing web design color contrast" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/testing-web-design-color-contrast"> Testing web design color contrast </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> An overview of three tools and techniques for testing and verifying accessible color contrast of your design. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item devsite-landing-row-item-no-media" description-position="bottom" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description" > <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-body"> <h3 id="building-the-main-navigation-for-a-website" data-text="Building the main navigation for a website" class="hide-from-toc no-link" tabindex="0"> <a href="https://web.dev/articles/website-navigation"> Building the main navigation for a website </a> </h3> <div class="devsite-landing-row-item-description-content"> This tutorial describes how to build an accessible main navigation of a website. 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