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Mahmud Khalji - Wikipedia

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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahmud Khalji</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">15th-century sultan of the Malwa Sultanate</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mahmud Khalji</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mahmud Khilji&#39;s Tomb in Mandu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg/220px-Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg/330px-Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg/440px-Mahmud_Khilji%27s_Tomb_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3350" data-file-height="2371" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Mahmud Khalji's Tomb in <a href="/wiki/Mandu,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Mandu, Madhya Pradesh">Mandu, Madhya Pradesh, India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Malwa" title="List of sultans of Malwa">Sultan of Malwa</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">1436–1469</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Taj-ud-Din Muhammad Shah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_Shah" title="Ghiyath Shah">Ghiyas-ud-Din Shah</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1469<br /><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Sultanate" title="Malwa Sultanate">Malwa Sultanate</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Khilji</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Mahmud Shah I</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Khilji dynasty</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mahmud Khalji</b> (1436–1469), also known as <b>Mahmud Khilji</b> and <b>Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I</b>, was the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_the_Malwa_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate">Sultan of Malwa</a>, in what is now the state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sen2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sen2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Khilji came into power after assassinating Mohammad, the son of the previous ruler, <a href="/wiki/Hoshang_Shah" title="Hoshang Shah">Hoshang Shah</a>, in 1435. He mounted an unsuccessful campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>, however it was under his reign that the Malwa Sultanate reached its greatest height.<sup id="cite_ref-poole_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poole-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles_fought_by_Mahmud_Khalji">Battles fought by Mahmud Khalji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Khalji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Battles fought by Mahmud Khalji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mandavgad" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mandavgad">Battle of Mandavgad</a> (1437) - A battle in which <a href="/wiki/Rana_Kumbha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana Kumbha">Rana Kumbha</a> defeated and captured Mahmud Khalji.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mandalgarh_and_Banas" title="Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas">Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas</a> (1442-1446) - A series of battles that took place between Mahmud Khalji of <a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rana_Kumbha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rana Kumbha">Rana Kumbha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mewar" title="Mewar">Mewar</a>. Bloodied by these engagements, the Sultan did not attack Mewar for another ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gagron_(1444)" title="Capture of Gagron (1444)">Siege of Gagron</a> (February 1444) - Sultan Mahmud besieged Gagron, which belonged to Palhan Singh Khichi. Rana Kumbha had sent reinforcements under his commander Dahir, but Dahir died in battle and Palhan was killed by Mehmud's forces while fleeing from the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Battle of Mandalgarh (1457) - Sultan Mahmud attacked Mandalgarh sending 7 detachments to attack the Rana from multiple directions. The Malwa forces under Taj Khan and Ali Khan suffered heavy losses in battle against Rana Kumbha after which Mahmud retreated the next morning.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Siege of Mandalgarh (December 1456 - October 1457) - In December Rana Kumbha was forced to move north to confront the sultan of Gujarat. Sultan Mahmud once again attacked Mandalgarh and captured it after a siege.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mandalgarh" title="Conquest of Mandalgarh">Conquest of Mandalgarh</a> (1457)- The Conquest of Mandalgarh was a significant military expedition led by Sultan Mahmud Khalji of Malwa against Mewar. The primary objective of this campaign was to capture the Mandalgarh fort, which was under the command of Uparamal, a subordinate of Rana Kumbha. Mahmud Khalji marched towards Mewar in the year 1457 A.D. to capture the fort and he was successful .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ajmer" title="Conquest of Ajmer">Conquest of Ajmer</a>- Mahmud Khalji invaded this fort. The governor of this fort was Gajadhar Singh. He invaded and killed him in this conquest and captured <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule">Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Khalji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khaljis_of_Malwa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Khaljis_of_Malwa.png/250px-Khaljis_of_Malwa.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Khaljis_of_Malwa.png/375px-Khaljis_of_Malwa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Khaljis_of_Malwa.png/500px-Khaljis_of_Malwa.png 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="2151" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Khaljis of Malwa at their height</figcaption></figure> <p>During rule of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_II" title="Muhammad Shah II">Muhammad Shah II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Sultanate" title="Gujarat Sultanate">Gujarat Sultanate</a>, Mahmud Khilji invaded Gujarat. After capturing and saving <a href="/wiki/Champaner" title="Champaner">Champaner</a>, he continued his march upon Gujarat at the head of 80,000 horse. Soon, Muhammad Shah II died and was succeeded by Kutb-ud-Din <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_II" title="Ahmad Shah II">Ahmad Shah II</a>. Mahmud Khilji had laid siege to Sultánpur. Malik Ala-ud-din bin Sohráb, Kutb-ud-dín's commander, surrendered the fort, and was sent with honour to Malwa and appointed governor of <a href="/wiki/Mandu,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Mandu, Madhya Pradesh">Mandu</a>. Mahmud Khilji, marching to Sarsa-Paldi, summoned <a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Bharuch</a>, then commanded by Sídi Marján on behalf of Gujarát Sultanate. The Sidi refused, and fearing delay, the Malwa Sultan after plundering <a href="/wiki/Baroda" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroda">Baroda</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a>) proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Nadiad" title="Nadiad">Nadiad</a>, whose Bráhmans astonished him by their bravery in killing a mad elephant. Kutb-ud-din Shah now advancing met Sultan Mahmud Khilji at <a href="/wiki/Kapadvanj" title="Kapadvanj">Kapadvanj</a> where, after a doubtful fight of some hours, Kutb-ud-din Shah defeated Sultán Mahmud Khilji. Muzaffar Khán, who is said to have incited the Malwa Sultan Khilji to invade Gujarat, was captured and beheaded, and his head was hung up at the gate of Kapadvanj.<sup id="cite_ref-GBP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same year, Sultan Mahmud Khalji attempted to conquer <a href="/wiki/Nagaur" title="Nagaur">Nagore</a> then held by Firuz Khan, a cousin of the Gujarat Sultan. Kutb-ud-din Shah despatched an army under the command of Sayad Ataullah, and, as it drew near <a href="/wiki/Sambhar_Lake_Town" title="Sambhar Lake Town">Sambhar</a>, the Malwa Sultan retired and shortly after Firuz Khan died.<sup id="cite_ref-GBP_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Khalji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Stambha" title="Vijaya Stambha">Vijaya Stambha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Khalji&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sen2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sen2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSen2013" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra (2013). <i>A Textbook of Medieval Indian History</i>. Primus Books. p.&#160;116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-38060-734-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-38060-734-4"><bdi>978-9-38060-734-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Medieval+Indian+History&amp;rft.pages=116&amp;rft.pub=Primus+Books&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-9-38060-734-4&amp;rft.aulast=Sen&amp;rft.aufirst=Sailendra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Khalji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poole-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-poole_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane-Poole1970" class="citation book cs1">Lane-Poole, Stanley (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930131752/https://www.questia.com/library/163947/medieval-india-under-mohammedan-rule-a-d-712-1764"><i>Medieval India under Mohammedan Rule, (A.D. 712–1764)</i></a>. New York: Haskell House. p.&#160;174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0838311967" title="Special:BookSources/978-0838311967"><bdi>978-0838311967</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/163947/medieval-india-under-mohammedan-rule-a-d-712-1764">the original</a> on 30 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Medieval+India+under+Mohammedan+Rule%2C+%28A.D.+712%E2%80%931764%29&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=174&amp;rft.pub=Haskell+House&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.isbn=978-0838311967&amp;rft.aulast=Lane-Poole&amp;rft.aufirst=Stanley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Flibrary%2F163947%2Fmedieval-india-under-mohammedan-rule-a-d-712-1764&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Khalji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBP-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GBP_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GBP_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Macnabb_Campbell1896" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/James_Macnabb_Campbell" title="James Macnabb Campbell">James Macnabb Campbell</a>, ed. (1896). "II. ÁHMEDÁBÁD KINGS. (A. D. 1403–1573.)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54652/54652-h/54652-h.htm"><i>History of Gujarát</i></a>. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol.&#160;1-Part 2. The Government Central Press. pp.&#160;242–243.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=II.+%C3%81HMED%C3%81B%C3%81D+KINGS.+%28A.+D.+1403%E2%80%931573.%29&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Gujar%C3%A1t&amp;rft.series=Gazetteer+of+the+Bombay+Presidency&amp;rft.pages=242-243&amp;rft.pub=The+Government+Central+Press&amp;rft.date=1896&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F54652%2F54652-h%2F54652-h.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Khalji" class="Z3988"></span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mahmud_Khalji" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mahmud Khalji"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Mahmud Khalji</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐nhjg5 Cached time: 20241122155921 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.332 seconds Real time usage: 0.448 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1838/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 23851/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1903/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 19899/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.197/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4674895/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 408.978 1 -total 32.14% 131.447 1 Template:Reflist 26.09% 106.687 3 Template:Cite_book 19.40% 79.348 2 Template:Infobox 17.84% 72.949 1 Template:Infobox_royalty 16.99% 69.474 1 Template:Short_description 13.93% 56.953 1 Template:Copyedit 12.75% 52.139 1 Template:Commons 12.28% 50.231 1 Template:Ambox 12.18% 49.831 1 Template:Sister_project --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:46418429-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122155921 and revision id 1253720757. 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