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dyes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: natural dyes"> <meta name="keywords" content="natural dyes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="natural dyes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5953</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: natural dyes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5743</span> An Integrated Ecosystem Service-based Approach for the Sustainable Management of Forested Islands in South Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang-Hwan%20Jo">Jang-Hwan Jo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Implementing sustainable island forest management policies requires categorizing islands into groups based on key indicators and establishing a consistent management system. Building on the results of previous studies, a typology of forested islands was established: Type 1 – connected islands with high natural vegetation cover; Type 2 – connected islands with moderate natural vegetation cover; Type 3 – connected islands with low natural vegetation cover; Type 4 – unconnected islands with high natural vegetation cover; Type 5 – unconnected islands with moderate natural vegetation cover; and Type 6 – unconnected islands with low natural vegetation cover. An AHP analysis was conducted with island forest experts to identify priority ecosystem services (ESs) for the sustainable management of each island type. In connected islands, provisioning services (natural resources, natural medicines, etc.) assumed greater importance than regulating (erosion control) and supporting services (genetic diversity). In unconnected islands, particularly those with a small proportion of natural vegetation, regulating services (erosion control) requires greater emphasis in management. Considering that Type 3 islands require urgent management as connectivity to the mainland makes natural vegetation-sparse island forest ecosystems vulnerable to anthropogenic activities, the land-use scoring method was carried out on Jin-do, a Type 3 forested island. Comparisons between AHP-derived expert demand for key island ESs and the spatial distribution of ES supply potential revealed mismatches between the supply and demand of erosion control, freshwater supply, and habitat provision. The framework developed in this study can help guide decisions and indicate where interventions should be focused to achieve sustainable island management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20service" title="ecosystem service">ecosystem service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20management" title=" sustainable management"> sustainable management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forested%20islands" title=" forested islands"> forested islands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title=" Analytic hierarchy process"> Analytic hierarchy process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171451/an-integrated-ecosystem-service-based-approach-for-the-sustainable-management-of-forested-islands-in-south-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5742</span> Development of a Smart System for Measuring Strain Levels of Natural Gas and Petroleum Pipelines on Earthquake Fault Lines in Turkiye</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Yetik">Ahmet Yetik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyit%20Ali%20Kara"> Seyit Ali Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cevat%20%C3%96zarpa"> Cevat Özarpa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Load changes occur on natural gas and oil pipelines due to natural disasters. The displacement of the soil around the natural gas and oil pipes due to situations that may cause erosion, such as earthquakes, landslides, and floods, is the source of this load change. The exposure of natural gas and oil pipes to variable loads causes deformation, cracks, and breaks in these pipes. Cracks and breaks on the pipes cause damage to people and the environment due to reasons such as explosions. Especially with the examinations made after natural disasters, it can be easily understood which of the pipes has more damage in the regions followed. It has been determined that the earthquakes in Turkey caused permanent damage to the pipelines. This project was designed and realized because it was determined that there were cracks and gas leaks in the insulation gaskets placed in the pipelines, especially at the junction points. In this study, A new SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) application has been developed to monitor load changes caused by natural disasters. The newly developed SCADA application monitors the changes in the x, y, and z axes of the stresses occurring in the pipes with the help of strain gauge sensors placed on the pipes. For the developed SCADA system, test setups in accordance with the standards were created during the fieldwork. The test setups created were integrated into the SCADA system, and the system was followed up. Thanks to the SCADA system developed with the field application, the load changes that will occur on the natural gas and oil pipes are instantly monitored, and the accumulations that may create a load on the pipes and their surroundings are immediately intervened, and new risks that may arise are prevented. It has contributed to energy supply security, asset management, pipeline holistic management, and sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20pipes" title=" natural gas pipes"> natural gas pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20pipes" title=" oil pipes"> oil pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20measurement" title=" strain measurement"> strain measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20measurement" title=" stress measurement"> stress measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168413/development-of-a-smart-system-for-measuring-strain-levels-of-natural-gas-and-petroleum-pipelines-on-earthquake-fault-lines-in-turkiye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5741</span> Experimental Study to Determine the Effect of Wire Mesh Pore Size on Natural Draft Chimney Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Mizanur%20Rahman">Md. Mizanur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chu%20Chi%20Ming"> Chu Chi Ming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Suffian%20Bin%20Misaran"> Mohd Suffian Bin Misaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chimney is an important part of the industries to remove waste heat from the processes side to the atmosphere. The increased demand of energy helps to restart to think about the efficiency of chimney as well as to find out a valid option to replace forced draft chimney system from industries. In this study natural draft chimney model is air flow rate; exit air temperature and pressure losses are studied through modification with wire mesh screen and compare the results with without wire mesh screen chimney model. The heat load is varies from 0.1 kW to 1kW and three different wire mesh screens that have pore size 0.15 mm2, 0.40 mm2 and 4.0 mm2 respectively are used. The experimental results show that natural draft chimney model with wire mesh screens significantly restored the flow losses compared to the system without wire mesh screen. The natural draft chimney model with 0.40 mm2 pore size wire mesh screen can minimize the draft losses better than others and able to enhance velocity about 54 % exit air temperature about 41% and pressure loss decreased by about 20%. Therefore, it can be decided that the wire mesh screens significantly minimize the draft losses in the natural draft chimney and 0.40 mm2 pore size screen will be a suitable option. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20draft%20dhimney" title="natural draft dhimney">natural draft dhimney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire%20mesh%20screen" title=" wire mesh screen"> wire mesh screen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20draft%20flow" title=" natural draft flow"> natural draft flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20engineering" title=" mechanical engineering"> mechanical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29139/experimental-study-to-determine-the-effect-of-wire-mesh-pore-size-on-natural-draft-chimney-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5740</span> Macroeconomic Effects and Dynamics of Natural Disaster Damages: Evidence from SETX on the Resiliency Hypothesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agim%20Kukelii">Agim Kukelii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gevorg%20Sargsyan"> Gevorg Sargsyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study, focusing on the base regional area (county level), estimates the effect of natural disaster damages on aggregate personal income, aggregate wages, wages per worker, aggregate employment, and aggregate income transfer. The study further estimates the dynamics of personal income, employment, and wages under natural disaster shocks. Southeast Texas, located at the center of Golf Coast, is hit by meteorological and hydrological caused natural disasters yearly. On average, there are more than four natural disasters per year that cane an estimated damage average of 2.2% of real personal income. The study uses the panel data method to estimate the average effect of natural disasters on the area’s economy (personal income, wages, employment, and income transfer). It also uses Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model to study the dynamics of macroeconomic variables under natural disaster shocks. The study finds that the average effect of natural disasters is positive for personal income and income transfer and is negative for wages and employment. The PVAR and the impulse response function estimates reveal that natural disaster shocks cause a decrease in personal income, employment, and wages. However, the economy’s variables bounce back after three years. The novelty of this study rests on several aspects. First, this is the first study to investigate the effects of natural disasters on macroeconomic variables at a regional level. Second, the study uses direct measures of natural disaster damages. Third, the study estimates that the time that the local economy takes to absorb the natural disaster damages shocks is three years. This is a relatively good reaction to the local economy, therefore, adding to the “resiliency” hypothesis. The study has several implications for policymakers, businesses, and households. First, this study serves to increase the awareness of local stakeholders that natural disaster damages do worsen, macroeconomic variables, such as personal income, employment, and wages beyond the immediate damages to residential and commercial properties, physical infrastructure, and discomfort in daily lives. Second, the study estimates that these effects linger on the economy on average for three years, which would require policymakers to factor in the time area need to be on focus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disaster%20damages" title="natural disaster damages">natural disaster damages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomics%20effects" title=" macroeconomics effects"> macroeconomics effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVAR" title=" PVAR"> PVAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data" title=" panel data"> panel data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158606/macroeconomic-effects-and-dynamics-of-natural-disaster-damages-evidence-from-setx-on-the-resiliency-hypothesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5739</span> Design of Real Time Early Response Systems for Natural Disaster Management Based on Automation and Control Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Pacheco">C. Pacheco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cipriano"> A. Cipriano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new concept of response system is proposed for filling the gap that exists in reducing vulnerability during immediate response to natural disasters. Real Time Early Response Systems (RTERSs) incorporate real time information as feedback data for closing control loop and for generating real time situation assessment. A review of the state of the art works that fit the concept of RTERS is presented, and it is found that they are mainly focused on manmade disasters. At the same time, in response phase of natural disaster management many works are involved in creating early warning systems, but just few efforts have been put on deciding what to do once an alarm is activated. In this context a RTERS arises as a useful tool for supporting people in their decision making process during natural disasters after an event is detected, and also as an innovative context for applying well-known automation technologies and automatic control concepts and tools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20management" title="disaster management">disaster management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20response%20system" title=" emergency response system"> emergency response system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disasters" title=" natural disasters"> natural disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time" title=" real time"> real time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26120/design-of-real-time-early-response-systems-for-natural-disaster-management-based-on-automation-and-control-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5738</span> Application of Synthetic Monomers Grafted Xanthan Gum for Rhodamine B Removal in Aqueous Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Moremedi">T. Moremedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Katata-Seru"> L. Katata-Seru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sardar"> S. Sardar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bandyopadhyay"> A. Bandyopadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Makhado"> E. Makhado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Joseph%20Hato"> M. Joseph Hato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid industrialisation and population growth have led to a steady fall in freshwater supplies worldwide. As a result, water systems are affected by modern methods upon use due to secondary contamination. The application of novel adsorbents derived from natural polymer holds a great promise in addressing challenges in water treatment. In this study, the UV irradiation technique was used to prepare acrylamide (AAm) monomer, and acrylic acid (AA) monomer grafted xanthan gum (XG) copolymer. Furthermore, the factors affecting rhodamine B (RhB) adsorption from aqueous media, such as pH, dosage, concentration, and time were also investigated. The FTIR results confirmed the formation of graft copolymer by the strong vibrational bands at 1709 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 1612 cm<sup>-1</sup> for AA and AAm, respectively. Additionally, more irregular, porous and wrinkled surface observed from SEM of XG-g-AAm/AA indicated copolymerization interaction of monomers. The optimum conditions for removing RhB dye with a maximum adsorption capacity of 313 mg/g at 25 <sup>0</sup>C from aqueous solution were pH approximately 5, initial dye concentration = 200 ppm, adsorbent dose = 30 mg. Also, the detailed investigation of the isothermal and adsorption kinetics of RhB from aqueous solution showed that the adsorption of the dye followed a Freundlich model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96333) and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The results further indicated that this absorbent based on XG had the universality to remove dye through the mechanism of chemical adsorption. The outstanding adsorption potential of the grafted copolymer could be used to remove cationic dyes from aqueous solution as a low-cost product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xanthan%20gum" title="xanthan gum">xanthan gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbents" title=" adsorbents"> adsorbents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhodamine%20B" title=" rhodamine B"> rhodamine B</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Freundlich" title=" Freundlich"> Freundlich</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116908/application-of-synthetic-monomers-grafted-xanthan-gum-for-rhodamine-b-removal-in-aqueous-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5737</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt Oxide and Cu-Doped Cobalt Oxide as Photocatalyst for Model Dye Degradation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vrinda%20P.%20S.%20Borker">Vrinda P. S. Borker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Major water pollutants are dyes from effluents of industries. Different methods have been tried to degrade or treat the effluent before it is left to the environment. In order to understand the degradation process and later apply it to effluents, solar degradation study of methylene blue (MB) and methyl red (MR), the model dyes was carried out in the presence of photo-catalysts, the oxides of cobalt oxide Co₃O₄, and copper doped cobalt oxides (Co₀.₉Cu₀.₁)₃O₄ and (Co₀.₉₅Cu₀.₀₅)₃O₄. They were prepared from oxalate complex and hydrazinated oxalate complex of cobalt as well as mix metals, copper, and cobalt. The complexes were synthesized and characterized by FTIR. Complexes were decomposed to form oxides and were characterized by XRD. They were found to be monophasic. Solar degradation of MR and MB was carried out in presence of these oxides in acidic and basic medium. Degradation was faster in alkaline medium in the presence of Co₃O₄ obtained from hydrazinated oxalate. Doping of nanomaterial oxides modifies their characteristics. Doped cobalt oxides are found to photo-decolourise MR in alkaline media efficiently. In the absence of photocatalyst, solar degradation of alkaline MR does not occur. In acidic medium, MR is minimally decolorized even in the presence of photocatalysts. The industrial textile effluent contains chemicals like NaCl and Na₂CO₃ along with the unabsorbed dye. It is reported that these two chemicals hamper the degradation of dye. The chemicals like K₂S₂O₈ and H₂O₂ are reported to enhance degradation. The solar degradation study of MB in presence of photocatalyst (Co₀.₉Cu₀.₁)₃O₄ and these four chemicals reveals that presence of K₂S₂O₈ and H₂O₂ enhances degradation. It proves that H₂O₂ generates hydroxyl ions required for degradation of dye and the sulphate anion radical being strong oxidant attacks dye molecules leading to its fragmentation rapidly. Thus addition of K₂S₂O₈ and H₂O₂ during solar degradation in presence of (Co₀.₉Cu₀.₁)₃O₄ helps to break the organic moiety efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt%20oxides" title="cobalt oxides">cobalt oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-doped%20cobalt%20oxides" title=" Cu-doped cobalt oxides"> Cu-doped cobalt oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%82%82O%E2%82%82%20in%20dye%20degradation" title=" H₂O₂ in dye degradation"> H₂O₂ in dye degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-catalyst" title=" photo-catalyst"> photo-catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20dye%20degradation" title=" solar dye degradation"> solar dye degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88283/synthesis-and-characterization-of-cobalt-oxide-and-cu-doped-cobalt-oxide-as-photocatalyst-for-model-dye-degradation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88283.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5736</span> Effect of Natural Binder on Pang-Rum Hardness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pattaranut%20Eakwaropas">Pattaranut Eakwaropas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khemjira%20Jarmkom"> Khemjira Jarmkom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Warachate%20Khobjai"> Warachate Khobjai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Techaoei"> Surachai Techaoei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to improve Pang-Rum (PR) hardness by adding natural binders. PR is one of Thai tradition aroma products. In the past, it was used for aesthetic propose on face and body with good odor. Nowadays, PR is not popular and going to be disappeared. Five natural materials, i.e. agar, rice flour, glutinous flour, corn starch, and tapioca starch were selected to use as binders. Binders were dissolved with boiled water into concentration 5% and 10% w/w except agar that was prepared 0.5% and 1% w/w. PR with and without binder were formulated. Physical properties, i.e. weight, shape, color, and hardness were evaluated. PR with 10% of corn starch solution had suitable hardness (14.2±0.9 kg) and the best appearance. In the future, it would be planned to study about odor and physical stability for decorated product development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatic%20water" title="aromatic water">aromatic water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20binder" title=" natural binder"> natural binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pang-rum" title=" pang-rum"> pang-rum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61564/effect-of-natural-binder-on-pang-rum-hardness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5735</span> The Five Aggregates in Buddhism and Natural Sciences: A Revolutionary Perspective of Nature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choo%20Fatt%20Foo">Choo Fatt Foo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Five Aggregates is core to Buddhism teaching. According to Buddhism, human beings and all sentient beings are made up of nothing but the Five Aggregates. If that is the case, the Five Aggregates must be found in all natural sciences. So far, there has not been any systematic connection between the Five Aggregates and natural sciences. This study aims at identifying traces of the Five Aggregates in various levels of natural sciences and pointing possible directions for future research. The following areas are briefly explored to identify the connection with the Five Aggregates: physics, chemistry, organic chemistry, DNA, cell, and human body and brain. Traces of the Five Aggregates should be found in each level of this hierarchy of natural sciences for human and sentient beings to be said to be made up of the Five Aggregates. This study proposes a hierarchical structure of nature cutting every level with the Five Aggregates and the Four Great Elements as its basis. The structure proposed by this study would revolutionize how we look at nature. Hopefully, better understanding of sciences in this manner will steer the application of scientific methods and technology towards a brighter future with compassion and tolerance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20five%20aggregates" title="the five aggregates">the five aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhism" title=" Buddhism"> Buddhism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20great%20elements" title=" four great elements"> four great elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physics" title=" physics"> physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calabi-yau%20manifold" title=" calabi-yau manifold"> calabi-yau manifold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81230/the-five-aggregates-in-buddhism-and-natural-sciences-a-revolutionary-perspective-of-nature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5734</span> A Review of Research on Pre-training Technology for Natural Language Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moquan%20Gong">Moquan Gong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning, pre-training technology for natural language processing has made great progress. The early field of natural language processing has long used word vector methods such as Word2Vec to encode text. These word vector methods can also be regarded as static pre-training techniques. However, this context-free text representation brings very limited improvement to subsequent natural language processing tasks and cannot solve the problem of word polysemy. ELMo proposes a context-sensitive text representation method that can effectively handle polysemy problems. Since then, pre-training language models such as GPT and BERT have been proposed one after another. Among them, the BERT model has significantly improved its performance on many typical downstream tasks, greatly promoting the technological development in the field of natural language processing, and has since entered the field of natural language processing. The era of dynamic pre-training technology. Since then, a large number of pre-trained language models based on BERT and XLNet have continued to emerge, and pre-training technology has become an indispensable mainstream technology in the field of natural language processing. This article first gives an overview of pre-training technology and its development history, and introduces in detail the classic pre-training technology in the field of natural language processing, including early static pre-training technology and classic dynamic pre-training technology; and then briefly sorts out a series of enlightening technologies. Pre-training technology, including improved models based on BERT and XLNet; on this basis, analyze the problems faced by current pre-training technology research; finally, look forward to the future development trend of pre-training technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title="natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-training" title=" pre-training"> pre-training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20model" title=" language model"> language model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20vectors" title=" word vectors"> word vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183121/a-review-of-research-on-pre-training-technology-for-natural-language-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5733</span> Context Detection in Spreadsheets Based on Automatically Inferred Table Schema</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Wachtel">Alexander Wachtel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20T.%20Franzen"> Michael T. Franzen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20F.%20Tichy"> Walter F. Tichy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Programming requires years of training. With natural language and end user development methods, programming could become available to everyone. It enables end users to program their own devices and extend the functionality of the existing system without any knowledge of programming languages. In this paper, we describe an Interactive Spreadsheet Processing Module (ISPM), a natural language interface to spreadsheets that allows users to address ranges within the spreadsheet based on inferred table schema. Using the ISPM, end users are able to search for values in the schema of the table and to address the data in spreadsheets implicitly. Furthermore, it enables them to select and sort the spreadsheet data by using natural language. ISPM uses a machine learning technique to automatically infer areas within a spreadsheet, including different kinds of headers and data ranges. Since ranges can be identified from natural language queries, the end users can query the data using natural language. During the evaluation 12 undergraduate students were asked to perform operations (sum, sort, group and select) using the system and also Excel without ISPM interface, and the time taken for task completion was compared across the two systems. Only for the selection task did users take less time in Excel (since they directly selected the cells using the mouse) than in ISPM, by using natural language for end user software engineering, to overcome the present bottleneck of professional developers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing" title="natural language processing">natural language processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20interfaces" title=" natural language interfaces"> natural language interfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20computer%20interaction" title=" human computer interaction"> human computer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20user%20development" title=" end user development"> end user development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialog%20systems" title=" dialog systems"> dialog systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20recognition" title=" data recognition"> data recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spreadsheet" title=" spreadsheet"> spreadsheet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54528/context-detection-in-spreadsheets-based-on-automatically-inferred-table-schema" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5732</span> Efficient Treatment of Azo Dye Wastewater with Simultaneous Energy Generation by Microbial Fuel Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumyadeep%20Bhaduri">Soumyadeep Bhaduri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Ghosh"> Rahul Ghosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Shukla"> Rahul Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manaswini%20Behera"> Manaswini Behera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The textile industry consumes a substantial amount of water throughout the processing and production of textile fabrics. The water eventually turns into wastewater, where it acts as an immense damaging nuisance due to its dye content. Wastewater streams contain a percentage ranging from 2.0% to 50.0% of the total weight of dye used, depending on the dye class. The management of dye effluent in textile industries presents a formidable challenge to global sustainability. The current focus is on implementing wastewater treatment technology that enable the recycling of wastewater, reduce energy usage and offset carbon emissions. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a device that utilizes microorganisms as a bio-catalyst to effectively treat wastewater while also producing electricity. The MFC harnesses the chemical energy present in wastewater by oxidizing organic compounds in the anodic chamber and reducing an electron acceptor in the cathodic chamber, thereby generating electricity. This research investigates the potential of MFCs to tackle this challenge of azo dye removal with simultaneously generating electricity. Although MFCs are well-established for wastewater treatment, their application in dye decolorization with concurrent electricity generation remains relatively unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by assessing the effectiveness of MFCs as a sustainable solution for treating wastewater containing azo dyes. By harnessing microorganisms as biocatalysts, MFCs offer a promising avenue for environmentally friendly dye effluent management. The performance of MFCs in treating azo dyes and generating electricity was evaluated by optimizing the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of influent. COD and HRT values ranged from 1600 mg/L to 2400 mg/L and 5 to 9 days, respectively. Results showed that the maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) reached 648 mV at a COD of 2400 mg/L and HRT of 5 days. Additionally, maximum COD removal of 98% and maximum color removal of 98.91% were achieved at a COD of 1600 mg/L and HRT of 9 days. Furthermore, the study observed a maximum power density of 19.95 W/m3 at a COD of 2400 mg/L and HRT of 5 days. Electrochemical analysis, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were done to find out the response current and internal resistance of the system. To optimize pH and dye concentration, pH values were varied from 4 to 10, and dye concentrations ranged from 25 mg/L to 175 mg/L. The highest voltage output of 704 mV was recorded at pH 7, while a dye concentration of 100 mg/L yielded the maximum output of 672 mV. This study demonstrates that MFCs offer an efficient and sustainable solution for treating azo dyes in textile industry wastewater, while concurrently generating electricity. These findings suggest the potential of MFCs to contribute to environmental remediation and sustainable development efforts on a global scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile%20wastewater%20treatment" title="textile wastewater treatment">textile wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" microbial fuel cell"> microbial fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20wastewater%20treatment" title=" sustainable wastewater treatment"> sustainable wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189362/efficient-treatment-of-azo-dye-wastewater-with-simultaneous-energy-generation-by-microbial-fuel-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5731</span> The Colouration of Additive-Manufactured Polymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abisuga%20Oluwayemisi%20Adebola">Abisuga Oluwayemisi Adebola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerri%20Akiwowo"> Kerri Akiwowo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deon%20de%20Beer"> Deon de Beer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kobus%20Van%20Der%20Walt"> Kobus Van Der Walt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The convergence of additive manufacturing (AM) and traditional textile dyeing techniques has initiated innovative possibilities for improving the visual application and customization potential of 3D-printed polymer objects. Textile dyeing techniques have progressed to transform fabrics with vibrant colours and complex patterns over centuries. The layer-by-layer deposition characteristic of AM necessitates adaptations in dye application methods to ensure even colour penetration across complex surfaces. Compatibility between dye formulations and polymer matrices influences colour uptake and stability, demanding careful selection and testing of dyes for optimal results. This study investigates the development interaction between these areas, revealing the challenges and opportunities of applying textile dyeing methods to colour 3D-printed polymer materials. The method explores three innovative approaches to colour the 3D-printed polymer object: (a) Additive Manufacturing of a Prototype, (b) the traditional dyebath method, and (c) the contemporary digital sublimation technique. The results show that the layer lines inherent to AM interact with dyes differently and affect the visual outcome compared to traditional textile fibers. Skillful manipulation of textile dyeing methods and dye type used for this research reduced the appearance of these lines to achieve consistency and desirable colour outcomes. In conclusion, integrating textile dyeing techniques into colouring 3D-printed polymer materials connects historical craftsmanship with innovative manufacturing. Overcoming challenges of colour distribution, compatibility, and layer line management requires a holistic approach that blends the technical consistency of AM with the artistic sensitivity of textile dyeing. Hence, applying textile dyeing methods to 3D-printed polymers opens new dimensions of aesthetic and functional possibilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer" title="polymer">polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D-printing" title=" 3D-printing"> 3D-printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublimation" title=" sublimation"> sublimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyeing" title=" dyeing"> dyeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176518/the-colouration-of-additive-manufactured-polymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5730</span> Parametric Study on Dynamic Analysis of Composite Laminated Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junaid%20Kameran%20Ahmed">Junaid Kameran Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A laminated plate composite of graphite/epoxy has been analyzed dynamically in the present work by using a quadratic element (8-node diso-parametric), and by depending on 1<sup>st</sup> order shear deformation theory, every node in this element has 6-degrees of freedom (displacement in x, y, and z axis and twist about x, y, and z axis). The dynamic analysis in the present work covered parametric studies on a composite laminated plate (square plate) to determine its effect on the natural frequency of the plate. The parametric study is represented by set of changes (plate thickness, number of layers, support conditions, layer orientation), and the plates have been simulated by using ANSYS package 12. The boundary conditions considered in this study, at all four edges of the plate, are simply supported and fixed boundary condition. The results obtained from ANSYS program show that the natural frequency for both fixed and simply supported increases with increasing the number of layers, but this increase in the natural frequency for the first five modes will be neglected after 10 layers. And it is observed that the natural frequency of a composite laminated plate will change with the change of ply orientation, the natural frequency increases and it will be at maximum with angle 45 of ply for simply supported laminated plate, and maximum natural frequency will be with cross-ply (0/90) for fixed laminated composite plate. It is also observed that the natural frequency increase is approximately doubled when the thickness is doubled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20plate" title="laminated plate">laminated plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthotropic%20plate" title=" orthotropic plate"> orthotropic plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20plate" title=" square plate"> square plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency%20%28free%20vibration%29" title=" natural frequency (free vibration)"> natural frequency (free vibration)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20%28graphite%20%2F%20epoxy%29" title=" composite (graphite / epoxy)"> composite (graphite / epoxy)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63332/parametric-study-on-dynamic-analysis-of-composite-laminated-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5729</span> Metal-Organic Frameworks for Innovative Functional Textiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossam%20E.%20Emam">Hossam E. Emam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are new hybrid materials investigated from 15 years ago; they synthesized from metals as inorganic center joined with multidentate organic linkers to form a 1D, 2D or 3D network structure. MOFs have unique properties such as pore crystalline structure, large surface area, chemical tenability and luminescent characters. These significant properties enable MOFs to be applied in many fields such like gas storage, adsorption/separation, drug delivery/biomedicine, catalysis, polymerization, magnetism and luminescence applications. Recently, many of published reports interested in superiority of MOFs for functionalization of textiles to exploit the unique properties of MOFs. Incorporation of MOFs is found to acquire the textiles some additional formidable functions to be used in considerable fields such like water treatment and fuel purification. Modification of textiles with MOFs could be easily performed by two main techniques; Ex-situ (preparation of MOFs then applied onto textiles) and in-situ (ingrowth of MOFs within textiles networks). Uniqueness of MOFs could be assimilated in acquirement of decorative color, antimicrobial character, anti-mosquitos character, ultraviolet radiation protective, self-clean, photo-luminescent and sensor character. Additionally, textiles treatment with MOFs make it applicable as filter in the adsorption of toxic gases, hazardous materials (such as pesticides, dyes and aromatics molecules) and fuel purification (such as removal of oxygenated, nitrogenated and sulfur compounds). Also, the porous structure of MOFs make it mostly utilized in control release of insecticides from the surface of the textile. Moreover, MOF@textiles as recyclable materials lead it applicable as photo-catalyst composites for photo-degradation of different dyes in the day light. Therefore, MOFs is extensively considered for imparting textiles with formidable properties as ingeniousness way for textile functionalization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOF" title="MOF">MOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20textiles" title=" functional textiles"> functional textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20purification" title=" fuel purification"> fuel purification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20applications" title=" environmental applications"> environmental applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123054/metal-organic-frameworks-for-innovative-functional-textiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5728</span> Origin of Hydrogen Bonding: Natural Bond Orbital Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ayoub">Mohamed Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We perform computational investigation using density functional theory, B3LYP with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set followed by natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), which provides best single “natural Lewis structure” (NLS) representation of chosen wavefunction (Ψ) with natural resonance theory (NRT) to provide an analysis of molecular electron density in terms of resonance structures (RS) and weights (w). We selected for the study a wide range of gas phase dimers (B…HA), with hydrogen bond dissociation energies (ΔEB…H) that span more than two orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that charge transfer from a donor Lewis-type NBO (nB:) to an acceptor non-Lewis-type NBO (σHA*) is the primary cause for H-bonding not classical electrostatic (dipole-dipole or ionic). We provide a variety of structure, and spectroscopic descriptors to support the conclusion, such as IR frequency shift (ΔνHA), H-bond penetration distance (ΔRB..H), bond order (bB..H), charge-transfer (CTB→HA) and the corresponding donor-acceptor stabilization energy (ΔE(2)). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title="natural bond orbital">natural bond orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title=" hydrogen bonding"> hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20donor" title=" electron donor"> electron donor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20acceptor" title=" electron acceptor"> electron acceptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444/origin-of-hydrogen-bonding-natural-bond-orbital-electron-donor-acceptor-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5727</span> Acoustic and Thermal Insulating Materials Based on Natural Fibres Used in Floor Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitka%20Hroudova">Jitka Hroudova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Zach"> Jiri Zach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of contemporary insulation materials commonly used in the building industry is made from non-renewable raw materials; furthermore, their production often brings high energy costs. A long-term trend as far as sustainable development is concerned has been the reduction of energy and material demands of building material production. One of the solutions is the possibility of using easily renewable natural raw material sources which are considerably more ecological and their production is mostly less energy-consuming compared to the production of normal insulations (mineral wool, polystyrene). The paper describes the results of research focused on the development of thermal and acoustic insulation materials based on natural fibres intended for floor constructions. Given the characteristic open porosity of natural fibre materials, the hygrothermal behaviour of the developed materials was studied. Especially the influence of relative humidity and temperature on thermal insulation properties was observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%20thermal%20and%20acoustic%20insulating%20materials" title="Green thermal and acoustic insulating materials">Green thermal and acoustic insulating materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fibres" title=" natural fibres"> natural fibres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20hemp" title=" technical hemp"> technical hemp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flax" title=" flax"> flax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floor%20construction" title=" floor construction"> floor construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15542/acoustic-and-thermal-insulating-materials-based-on-natural-fibres-used-in-floor-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5726</span> Quality Characteristics of Cured Dried Camel Meat Formulated with Different Medicinal Plants as Natural Preservatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Aljabeili">H. S. Aljabeili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Abd%20El-Hady"> E. A. Abd El-Hady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Abd%20El-Razik"> M. M. Abd El-Razik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abd%20Elgadir"> M. Abd Elgadir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is determining the quality characteristics of produced curing and dried camel meat contained some medicinal plants of thyme, rosemary, clove and ginger as natural preservatives. Camel meat samples were sliced and divided into five batches, one batch recorded as control sample was treated by the curing mixture (2.5%) contained the following ingredients: black pepper 1 gm, cumin 0.4 gm, spices mixture 0.5 gm, dried onion 3 gm, dried garlic 0.5 gm and salt 2 gm. To evaluate the effect of different natural preservatives sources of thyme, rosemary, clove and ginger, 3.0% of the aforementioned natural preservatives was mixed with the aforementioned curing mixture and used for curing the four batches of sliced camel meat. After curing process, cured sliced camel meat (control and treated with the natural preservatives) were conducting to drying process at 35 ± 3 °C for 36 h in a drying cabinet. The quality characteristics of prepared dried camel meat were evaluated such as chemical composition, microbiological characteristics and sensory characteristics. Based on the microbiological and sensory characteristics, it could be suggested that the selected medicinal plants specially thyme and rosemary could be used as natural preservatives for preparing semi dry camel meat without negative effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curing" title="curing">curing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dried%20camel%20meat" title=" dried camel meat"> dried camel meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20preservatives" title=" natural preservatives"> natural preservatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20characteristics" title=" quality characteristics"> quality characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100124/quality-characteristics-of-cured-dried-camel-meat-formulated-with-different-medicinal-plants-as-natural-preservatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5725</span> Impact of Urbanization on Natural Drainage Pattern in District of Larkana, Sindh Pakistan </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Zafar">Sumaira Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjumand%20Zaidi"> Arjumand Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During past few years, several floods have adversely affected the areas along lower Indus River. Besides other climate related anomalies, rapidly increasing urbanization and blockage of natural drains due to siltation or encroachments are two other critical causes that may be responsible for these disasters. Due to flat topography of river Indus plains and blockage of natural waterways, drainage of storm water takes time adversely affecting the crop health and soil properties of the area. Government of Sindh is taking a keen interest in revival of natural drainage network in the province and has initiated this work under Sindh Irrigation and Drainage Authority. In this paper, geospatial techniques are used to analyze landuse/land-cover changes of Larkana district over the past three decades (1980-present) and their impact on natural drainage system. Satellite derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic sheets (recent and 1950) are used to delineate natural drainage pattern of the district. The urban landuse map developed in this study is further overlaid on drainage line layer to identify the critical areas where the natural floodwater flows are being inhibited by urbanization. Rainfall and flow data are utilized to identify areas of heavy flow, whereas, satellite data including Landsat 7 and Google Earth are used to map previous floods extent and landuse/cover of the study area. Alternatives to natural drainage systems are also suggested wherever possible. The output maps of natural drainage pattern can be used to develop a decision support system for urban planners, Sindh development authorities and flood mitigation and management agencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geospatial%20techniques" title="geospatial techniques">geospatial techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20data" title=" satellite data"> satellite data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20drainage" title=" natural drainage"> natural drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization "> urbanization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17986/impact-of-urbanization-on-natural-drainage-pattern-in-district-of-larkana-sindh-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5724</span> Power Recovery in Egyptian Natural Gas Pressure Reduction Stations Using Turboexpander Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20A.%20Elshorbagy">Kamel A. Elshorbagy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Hussein"> Mohamed A. Hussein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rola%20S.%20Afify"> Rola S. Afify</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural gas pressure reduction is typically achieved using pressure reducing valves, where isenthalpic expansion takes place with considerable amount of wasted energy in an irreversible throttling process of the gas. Replacing gas-throttling process by an expansion process in a turbo expander (TE) converts the pressure of natural gas into mechanical energy transmitted to a loading device (i.e. an electric generator). This paper investigates the performance of a turboexpander system for power recovery at natural gas pressure reduction stations. There is a considerable temperature drop associated with the turboexpander process. Essential preheating is required, using gas fired boilers, to avoid undesirable effects of a low outlet temperature. Various system configurations were simulated by the general flow sheet simulator HYSYS and factors affecting the overall performance of the systems were investigated. Power outputs and fuel requirements were found using typical gas flow variation data. The simulation was performed for two case studies in which real input data are used. These case studies involve a domestic (commercial) and an industrial natural gas pressure reduction stations in Egypt. Economic studies of using the turboexpander system in both of the two natural gas pressure reduction stations are conducted using precise data obtained through communication with several companies working in this field. The results of economic analysis, for the two case studies, prove that using turboexpander systems in Egyptian natural gas reduction stations can be a successful project for energy conservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title="natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20recovery" title=" power recovery"> power recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20stations" title=" reduction stations"> reduction stations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turboexpander%20systems" title=" turboexpander systems"> turboexpander systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42685/power-recovery-in-egyptian-natural-gas-pressure-reduction-stations-using-turboexpander-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5723</span> Morphology of Cartographic Words: A Perspective from Chinese Characters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinyu%20Gong">Xinyu Gong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhilin%20Li"> Zhilin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xintao%20Liu"> Xintao Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maps are a means of communication. Cartographic language involves established theories of natural language for understanding maps. “Cartographic words’, or “map symbols”, are crucial elements of cartographic language. Personalized mapping is increasingly popular, with growing demands for customized map-making by the general public. Automated symbol-making and customization play a key role in personalized mapping. However, formal representations for the automated construction of map symbols are still lacking. In natural language, the process of word and sentence construction can be formalized. Through the analogy between natural language and graphical language, formal representations of natural language construction can be used as a reference for constructing cartographic language. We selected Chinese character structures (i.e., S <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20mapping" title="personalized mapping">personalized mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20character" title=" Chinese character"> Chinese character</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartographic%20language" title=" cartographic language"> cartographic language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=map%20symbols" title=" map symbols"> map symbols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131340/morphology-of-cartographic-words-a-perspective-from-chinese-characters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5722</span> Friction Coefficient of Epiphen Epoxy System Filled with Powder Resulting from the Grinding of Pine Needles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Graur">I. Graur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Bria"> V. Bria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Muntenita"> C. Muntenita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent ecological interests have resulted in scientific concerns regarding natural-organic powder composites. Because natural-organic powders are cheap and biodegradable, green composites represent a substantial contribution in polymer science area. The aim of this study is to point out the effect of natural-organic powder resulting from the grinding of pine needles used as a modifying agent for Epiphen epoxy resin and is focused on friction coefficient behavior. A pin-on-disc setup is used for friction coefficient experiments. Epiphen epoxy resin was used with the different ratio of organic powder from the grinding of pine needles. Because of the challenges of natural organic powder, more and more companies are looking at organic composite materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title="epoxy">epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20coefficient" title=" friction coefficient"> friction coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20powder" title=" organic powder"> organic powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pine%20needles" title=" pine needles"> pine needles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96794/friction-coefficient-of-epiphen-epoxy-system-filled-with-powder-resulting-from-the-grinding-of-pine-needles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5721</span> Photophysics and Photochemistry of Cross-Conjugated Y-Shaped Enediyne Fluorophores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuja%20Singh">Anuja Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avik%20K.%20Pati"> Avik K. Pati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20K.%20Mishra"> Ashok K. Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic fluorophores with π-conjugated scaffolds are important because of their interesting optoelectronic properties. In recent years, our lab has been engaged in understanding the photophysics of small diacetylene bridged fluorophores and found the diynes as a promising class of π-conjugated fluorophores. Building on this understanding, recently we have focused on the photophysics of a less explored class of cross-conjugated Y-shaped enediynes (one double and two triple bonds). Here we present the photophysical properties of such enediynes which show interesting photophysical properties that include dual emissions from locally excited (LE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states and ring size dependent aggregate fluorescence in non-aqueous media. The dyes also show prominent aggregate fluorescence in mixed-aqueous solvents and solid powder form. We further show that the solid state fluorescence can be reversibly switched multiple of cycles by external stimuli, highlighting their potential applications in solid states. The enediynes with push-pull electronic substituents/moieties exhibit high contrast fluorescence color switching upon continuous photon illumination. The intriguing photophysical outcomes of the enediynyl fluorophores are judiciously exploited to generate single-component white light emission in binary solvent mixtures and sense polar aprotic vapor in polymer film matrices. The photophysical behavior of the dyes is further successfully utilized to monitor the microenvironment changes of biologically relevant anisotropic media such as bile salts. In summary, the newly introduced cross-conjugated enediynes enrich the toolbox of organic fluorophores and vouch to display versatile applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation%20in%20solution%20and%20solid%20state" title="aggregation in solution and solid state">aggregation in solution and solid state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enediynes" title=" enediynes"> enediynes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20photochemistry%20and%20photophysics" title=" physical photochemistry and photophysics"> physical photochemistry and photophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vapor%20sensing%20and%20white%20light%20emission" title=" vapor sensing and white light emission"> vapor sensing and white light emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110063/photophysics-and-photochemistry-of-cross-conjugated-y-shaped-enediyne-fluorophores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5720</span> Skid-mounted Gathering System Hydrate Control And Process Simulation Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Han">Di Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingfeng%20Li"> Lingfeng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peixue%20Zhang"> Peixue Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuzhuo%20Zhang"> Yuzhuo Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since natural gas extracted from the wellhead of a gas well, after passing through the throttle valve, causes a rapid decrease in temperature along with a decrease in pressure, which creates conditions for hydrate generation. In order to solve the problem of hydrate generation in the process of wellhead gathering, effective measures should be taken to prevent hydrate generation. In this paper, we firstly introduce the principle of natural gas throttling temperature drop and the theoretical basis of hydrate inhibitor injection calculation, and then use HYSYS software to simulate and calculate the three processes and determine the key process parameters. The hydrate control process applicable to the skid design of natural gas wellhead gathering skids was determined by comparing the hydrate control effect, energy consumption of key equipment and process adaptability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title="natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrate%20control" title=" hydrate control"> hydrate control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skid%20design" title=" skid design"> skid design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HYSYS" title=" HYSYS"> HYSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165004/skid-mounted-gathering-system-hydrate-control-and-process-simulation-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5719</span> Comparison of the Effect of Feldspathic Porcelain and Zirconia on Natural Tooth Wear</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Neshati">Ammar Neshati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Hamidi%20Shishavan"> Elham Hamidi Shishavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aim: Enamel wear is among the main disadvantages of ceramic restorations. Recently, use of full zirconia crowns without dental porcelain has been suggested. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of feldspathic porcelain and zirconia on the wear of natural teeth. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 22 zirconia specimens were fabricated; out of which, 11 specimens were polished and used as zirconia specimens while the remaining 11 were used to fabricate porcelain specimens. A total of 22 natural human teeth were also collected. The natural teeth were photographed by a stereomicroscope in a fixed position and the distance from the cusp tip to a reference point was measured. Next, 11 teeth opposed zirconia and the remaining 11 opposed porcelain specimens in a chewing simulator and subjected to 120,000 masticatory cycles. The teeth were photographed again and the greatest difference between the before and after values was recorded. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) wear rate was 153.8±95.68 and 306.3±127.74, in the zirconia and porcelain groups, respectively; and the two groups had a statistically significant difference in this respect (P=0.007). Conclusion: The mean wear was significantly lower in teeth opposing zirconia than in those opposing feldspathic porcelain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20tooth%20wear" title="natural tooth wear">natural tooth wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feldspathic%20porcelain" title=" feldspathic porcelain"> feldspathic porcelain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zirconia" title=" zirconia"> zirconia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20316/comparison-of-the-effect-of-feldspathic-porcelain-and-zirconia-on-natural-tooth-wear" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5718</span> Investigating the Effect of Artificial Intelligence on the Improvement of Green Supply Chain in Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepinoud%20Hamedi">Sepinoud Hamedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past few decades, companies have appeared developing concerns in connection to the natural affect of their fabricating exercises. Green supply chain administration has been considered by the producers as a attainable choice to decrease the natural affect of operations whereas at the same time moving forward their operational execution. Contemporaneously the coming of digitalization and globalization within the supply chain space has driven to a developing acknowledgment of the importance of data preparing methodologies, such as enormous information analytics and fake insights innovations, in improving and optimizing supply chain execution. Also, supply chain collaboration in part intervenes the relationship between manufactured innovation and supply chain execution Ponders appear that the use of BDA-AI advances includes a significant impact on natural handle integration and green supply chain collaboration conjointly underlines that both natural handle integration and green supply chain collaboration have a critical affect on natural execution. Correspondingly savvy supply chain contributes to green execution through overseeing green connections and setting up green operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20supply%20chain" title="green supply chain">green supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturers" title=" manufacturers"> manufacturers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178577/investigating-the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-the-improvement-of-green-supply-chain-in-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5717</span> Supply Chain of Energy Resources and Its Alternatives Due to the Arab Spring: The Case of Egyptian Natural Gas Flow to Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moh%E2%80%99d%20Anwer%20Al-Shboul">Moh’d Anwer Al-Shboul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The year 2011 was a challenging year for Jordanian economy, which felt a variety of effects from the Arab Spring which took place in neighboring countries. Since February, 5th 2012, the Arab Gas Supply Pipeline, which carries natural gas from Egypt through the Sinai Peninsula and to Jordan and Israel, has been attacked more than 39 times. Jordan imported about 80 percent of its necessity of natural gas (about 250 million cubic feet of natural gas per day) from Egypt to generate particularly electricity, with the reminder of being produced locally. Jordan has utilized multiple alternatives to address the interruption of available natural gas supply from Egypt. The Jordanian distributed power plants now rely on the use of heavy fuel oil and diesel for electricity generation, in this case, it costs Jordan about four times than natural gas. The substitution of Egyptian natural gas supplies by fuel oil and diesel, coupled with the 32 percent rise in global fuel prices, has increased Jordan’s energy import bill by over 50 percent in 2011, reaching more than 16 percent of the 2011 GDP. The increase in the cost of electricity generation pushed the Jordanian economy to borrow from multiple internal and external resource channels, thus increasing the public debt. The Jordanian government’s short-term solution to the reduced natural gas supply from Egypt was alternatively purchasing the necessary quantities from some Gulf countries such as Qatar and/or Saudi Arabia, which can be imported with two possible methods. The first method is to rent a ship equipped with a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal, which is currently operating. The second method requires equipping the Aqaba port with an LNG terminal, which also currently is operating. In the long-term, a viable solution to depending on importing expensive and often unreliable natural gas supplies from surrounding countries is to depend more heavily on renewable supply energy, including solar, wind, and water energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20supply%20resources" title="energy supply resources">energy supply resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20spring" title=" Arab spring"> Arab spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquefied%20natural%20gas" title=" liquefied natural gas"> liquefied natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title=" pipeline"> pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89947/supply-chain-of-energy-resources-and-its-alternatives-due-to-the-arab-spring-the-case-of-egyptian-natural-gas-flow-to-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5716</span> Avoiding Gas Hydrate Problems in Qatar Oil and Gas Industry: Environmentally Friendly Solvents for Gas Hydrate Inhibition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nabila%20Mohamed">Nabila Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santiago%20Aparicio"> Santiago Aparicio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahman%20Tohidi"> Bahman Tohidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mert%20Atilhan"> Mert Atilhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Qatar's one of the biggest problem in processing its natural resource, which is natural gas, is the often occurring blockage in the pipelines caused due to uncontrolled gas hydrate formation in the pipelines. Several millions of dollars are being spent at the process site to dehydrate the blockage safely by using chemical inhibitors. We aim to establish national database, which addresses the physical conditions that promotes Qatari natural gas to form gas hydrates in the pipelines. Moreover, we aim to design and test novel hydrate inhibitors that are suitable for Qatari natural gas and its processing facilities. From these perspectives we are aiming to provide more effective and sustainable reservoir utilization and processing of Qatari natural gas. In this work, we present the initial findings of a QNRF funded project, which deals with the natural gas hydrate formation characteristics of Qatari type gas in both experimental (PVTx) and computational (molecular simulations) methods. We present the data from the two fully automated apparatus: a gas hydrate autoclave and a rocking cell. Hydrate equilibrium curves including growth/dissociation conditions for multi-component systems for several gas mixtures that represent Qatari type natural gas with and without the presence of well known kinetic and thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors. Ionic liquids were designed and used for testing their inhibition performance and their DFT and molecular modeling simulation results were also obtained and compared with the experimental results. Results showed significant performance of ionic liquids with up to 0.5 % in volume with up to 2 to 4 0C inhibition at high pressures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20hydrates" title="gas hydrates">gas hydrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquids" title=" ionic liquids"> ionic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20inhibitors" title=" thermodynamic inhibitors"> thermodynamic inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic%20inhibitors" title=" kinetic inhibitors"> kinetic inhibitors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15615/avoiding-gas-hydrate-problems-in-qatar-oil-and-gas-industry-environmentally-friendly-solvents-for-gas-hydrate-inhibition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5715</span> Chairussyuhur Arman, Totti Tjiptosumirat, Muhammad Gunawan, Mastur, Joko Priyono, Baiq Tri Ratna Erawati</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20M.%20Giannakou">Maria M. Giannakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20K.%20Ziliaskopoulos"> Athanasios K. Ziliaskopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transmission pipelines carrying natural gas are often routed through populated cities, industrial and environmentally sensitive areas. While the need for these networks is unquestionable, there are serious concerns about the risk these lifeline networks pose to the people, to their habitat and to the critical infrastructures, especially in view of natural disasters such as earthquakes. This work presents an Integrated Pipeline Risk Management methodology (IPRM) for assessing the hazard associated with a natural gas pipeline failure due to natural or manmade disasters. IPRM aims to optimize the allocation of the available resources to countermeasures in order to minimize the impacts of pipeline failure to humans, the environment, the infrastructure and the economic activity. A proposed knapsack mathematical programming formulation is introduced that optimally selects the proper mitigation policies based on the estimated cost – benefit ratios. The proposed model is demonstrated with a small numerical example. The vulnerability analysis of these pipelines and the quantification of consequences from such failures can be useful for natural gas industries on deciding which mitigation measures to implement on the existing pipeline networks with the minimum cost in an acceptable level of hazard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20benefit%20analysis" title="cost benefit analysis">cost benefit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knapsack%20problem" title=" knapsack problem"> knapsack problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas%20distribution%20network" title=" natural gas distribution network"> natural gas distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20mitigation" title=" risk mitigation"> risk mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37784/chairussyuhur-arman-totti-tjiptosumirat-muhammad-gunawan-mastur-joko-priyono-baiq-tri-ratna-erawati" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5714</span> COSMO-RS Prediction for Choline Chloride/Urea Based Deep Eutectic Solvent: Chemical Structure and Application as Agent for Natural Gas Dehydration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tayeb%20Aissaoui">Tayeb Aissaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20M.%20AlNashef"> Inas M. AlNashef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, green solvents named deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been found to possess significant properties and to be applicable in several technologies. Choline chloride (ChCl) mixed with urea at a ratio of 1:2 and 80 °C was the first discovered DES. In this article, chemical structure and combination mechanism of ChCl: urea based DES were investigated. Moreover, the implementation of this DES in water removal from natural gas was reported. Dehydration of natural gas by ChCl:urea shows significant absorption efficiency compared to triethylene glycol. All above operations were retrieved from COSMOthermX software. This article confirms the potential application of DESs in gas industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COSMO-RS" title="COSMO-RS">COSMO-RS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20eutectic%20solvents" title=" deep eutectic solvents"> deep eutectic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehydration" title=" dehydration"> dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title=" natural gas"> natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20salt" title=" organic salt"> organic salt</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54007/cosmo-rs-prediction-for-choline-chlorideurea-based-deep-eutectic-solvent-chemical-structure-and-application-as-agent-for-natural-gas-dehydration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span 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