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Search results for: edge radius

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for: edge radius</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1176</span> FEM Simulation of Tool Wear and Edge Radius Effects on Residual Stress in High Speed Machining of Inconel718</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liu">Yang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Agmell"> Mathias Agmell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aylin%20Ahadi"> Aylin Ahadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan-Eric%20Stahl"> Jan-Eric Stahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinming%20Zhou"> Jinming Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tool wear and tool geometry have significant effects on the residual stresses in the component produced by high-speed machining. In this paper, Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian (CEL) model is adopted to investigate the residual stress in high-speed machining of Inconel718 with a CBN170 cutting tool. The result shows that the mesh with the smallest size of 5 um yields cutting forces and chip morphology in close agreement with the experimental data. The analysis of thermal loading and mechanical loading are performed to study the effect of segmented chip morphology on the machined surface topography and residual stress distribution. The effects of cutting edge radius and flank wear on residual stresses formation and distribution on the workpiece were also investigated. It is found that the temperature within 100um depth of the machined surface increases drastically due to the more friction heat generation with the contact area of tool and workpiece increasing when a larger edge radius and flank wear are used. With the depth further increasing, the temperature drops rapidly for all cases due to the low conductivity of Inconel718. Consequently, higher and deeper tensile residual stress is generated on the superficial. Furthermore, an increased depth of plastic deformation and compressive residual stress is noticed in the subsurface, which is attributed to the reduction of the yield strength under the thermal effect. Besides, the ploughing effect produced by a larger tool edge radius contributes more than flank wear. The magnitude variation of the compressive residual stress caused by various edge radius and flank wear have a totally opposite trend, which depends on the magnitude of the ploughing and friction pressure acting on the machined surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coupled%20Eulerian%20Lagrangian" title="Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian">Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmented%20chip" title=" segmented chip"> segmented chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20wear" title=" tool wear"> tool wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20radius" title=" edge radius"> edge radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inconel718" title=" Inconel718"> Inconel718</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107197/fem-simulation-of-tool-wear-and-edge-radius-effects-on-residual-stress-in-high-speed-machining-of-inconel718" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1175</span> The Need for Multi-Edge Strategies and Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugh%20Taylor">Hugh Taylor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industry analysts project that edge computing will be generating tens of billions in revenue in coming years. It’s not clear, however, if this will actually happen, and who, if anyone, will make it happen. Edge computing is seen as a critical success factor in industries ranging from telecom, enterprise IT and co-location. However, will any of these industries actually step up to make edge computing into a viable technology business? This paper looks at why the edge seems to be in a chasm, on the edge of realization, so to speak, but failing to coalesce into a coherent technology category like the cloud—and how the segment’s divergent industry players can come together to build a viable business at the edge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20computing" title="edge computing">edge computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-edge%20strategies" title=" multi-edge strategies"> multi-edge strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20data%20centers" title=" edge data centers"> edge data centers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20cloud" title=" edge cloud"> edge cloud</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154144/the-need-for-multi-edge-strategies-and-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1174</span> An investigation of Leading Edge and Trailing Edge Corrugation for Low Reynolds Number Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Hassan%20Raza%20Shah">Syed Hassan Raza Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mohammad%20Ali"> Mohammad Mohammad Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The flow over a smoothly profiled airfoil at a low Reynolds number is highly susceptible to separate even at a very low angle of attack. An investigation was made to study the effect of leading-edge and trailing-edge corrugation with the spanwise change in the ridges resulted due to the change in the chord length for an infinite wing. The wind tunnel results using NACA0018 wings revealed that leading and trailing edge corrugation did not have any benefit in terms of aerodynamic efficiency or delayed stall. The leading edge and trailing edge corrugation didn't change the lift curve slope, with the leading edge corrugation wing stalling first in the range of Reynolds number of 50,000 to 125,000. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20and%20trailing%20edge%20corrugations" title="leading and trailing edge corrugations">leading and trailing edge corrugations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20reynolds%20number" title=" low reynolds number"> low reynolds number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20tunnel%20testing" title=" wind tunnel testing"> wind tunnel testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NACA0018" title=" NACA0018"> NACA0018</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141121/an-investigation-of-leading-edge-and-trailing-edge-corrugation-for-low-reynolds-number-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1173</span> Effects of Channel Orientation on Heat Transfer in a Rotating Rectangular Channel with Jet Impingement Cooling and Film Coolant Extraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Li">Hua Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongwu%20Deng"> Hongwu Deng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The turbine blade's leading edge is usually cooled by jet impingement cooling technology due to the heaviest heat load. For a rotating turbine blade, however, the channel orientation (β, the angle between the jet direction and the rotating plane) could play an important role in influencing the flow field and heat transfer. Therefore, in this work, the effects of channel orientation (from 90° to 180°) on heat transfer in a jet impingement cooling channel are experimentally investigated. Furthermore, the investigations are conducted under an isothermal boundary condition. Both the jet-to-target surface distance and jet-to-jet spacing are three times the jet hole diameter. The jet Reynolds number is 5,000, and the maximum jet rotation number reaches 0.24. The results show that the rotation-induced variations of heat transfer are different in each channel orientation. In the cases of 90°≤β≤135°, a vortex generated in the low-radius region of the supply channel changes the mass-flowrate distribution in each jet hole. Therefore, the heat transfer in the low-radius region decreases with the rotation number, whereas the heat transfer in the high-radius region increases, indicating that a larger temperature gradient in the radial direction could appear in the turbine blade's leading edge. When 135°<β≤180°; however, the heat transfer of the entire stagnant zone decreases with the rotation number. The rotation-induced jet deflection is the primary factor that weakens the heat transfer, and jets cannot reach the target surface at high rotation numbers. For the downstream regions, however, the heat transfer is enhanced by 50%-80% in every channel orientation because the dead zone is broken by the rotation-induced secondary flow in the impingement channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20impingement%20cooling" title=" jet impingement cooling"> jet impingement cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20orientation" title=" channel orientation"> channel orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20rotation%20number" title=" high rotation number"> high rotation number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20boundary" title=" isothermal boundary"> isothermal boundary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158120/effects-of-channel-orientation-on-heat-transfer-in-a-rotating-rectangular-channel-with-jet-impingement-cooling-and-film-coolant-extraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1172</span> Measurement of VIP Edge Conduction Using Vacuum Guarded Hot Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongsu%20Choi">Bongsu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Ho%20Song"> Tae-Ho Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) is a promising thermal insulator for buildings, refrigerator, LNG carrier and so on. In general, it has the thermal conductivity of 2~4 mW/m•K. However, this thermal conductivity is that measured at the center of VIP. The total effective thermal conductivity of VIP is larger than this value due to the edge conduction through the envelope. In this paper, the edge conduction of VIP is examined theoretically, numerically and experimentally. To confirm the existence of the edge conduction, numerical analysis is performed for simple two-dimensional VIP model and a theoretical model is proposed to calculate the edge conductivity. Also, the edge conductivity is measured using the vacuum guarded hot plate and the experiment is validated against numerical analysis. The results show that the edge conductivity is dependent on the width of panel and thickness of Al-foil. To reduce the edge conduction, it is recommended that the VIP should be made as big as possible or made of thin Al film envelope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope" title="envelope">envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20conduction" title=" edge conduction"> edge conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20insulation%20panel" title=" vacuum insulation panel"> vacuum insulation panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19366/measurement-of-vip-edge-conduction-using-vacuum-guarded-hot-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1171</span> Effect of Machining Induced Microstructure Changes on the Edge Formability of Titanium Alloys at Room Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20S.%20Kwame">James S. Kwame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Yakushina"> E. Yakushina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Blackwell"> P. Blackwell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenges in forming titanium alloys at room temperature are well researched and are linked both to the limitations imposed by the basic crystal structure and their ability to form texture during plastic deformation. One major issue of concern for the sheet forming of titanium alloys is their high sensitivity to surface inhomogeneity. Various machining processes are utilised in preparing sheet hole edges for edge flanging applications. However, the response of edge forming tendencies of titanium to different edge surface finishes is not well investigated. The hole expansion test is used in this project to elucidate the impact of abrasive water jet (AWJ) and electro-discharge machining (EDM) cutting techniques on the edge formability of CP-Ti (Grade 2) and Ti-3Al-2.5V alloys at room temperature. The results show that the quality of the edge surface finish has a major effect on the edge formability of the materials. The work also found that the variations in the edge forming performance are mainly the result of the influence of machining induced edge surface defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloys" title="titanium alloys">titanium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20expansion%20test" title=" hole expansion test"> hole expansion test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20formability" title=" edge formability"> edge formability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-conventional%20machining" title=" non-conventional machining"> non-conventional machining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110917/effect-of-machining-induced-microstructure-changes-on-the-edge-formability-of-titanium-alloys-at-room-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1170</span> An Algorithm to Find Fractional Edge Domination Number and Upper Fractional Edge Domination Number of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graph</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karunambigai%20Mevani%20Govindasamy">Karunambigai Mevani Govindasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sathishkumar%20Ayyappan"> Sathishkumar Ayyappan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we formulate the algorithm to find out the dominating function parameters of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs(IFG). The methodology we adopted here is converting any physical problem into an IFG, and that has been transformed into Intuitionistic Fuzzy Matrix. Using Linear Program Solver software (LiPS), we found the defined parameters for the given IFG. We obtained these parameters for a path and cycle IFG. This study can be extended to other varieties of IFG. In particular, we obtain the definition of edge dominating function, minimal edge dominating function, fractional edge domination number (γ_if^') and upper fractional edge domination number (Γ_if^') of an intuitionistic fuzzy graph. Also, we formulated an algorithm which is appropriate to work on LiPS to find fractional edge domination number and upper fractional edge domination number of an IFG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20edge%20domination%20number" title="fractional edge domination number">fractional edge domination number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intuitionistic%20fuzzy%20cycle" title=" intuitionistic fuzzy cycle"> intuitionistic fuzzy cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intuitionistic%20fuzzy%20graph" title=" intuitionistic fuzzy graph"> intuitionistic fuzzy graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intuitionistic%20fuzzy%20path" title=" intuitionistic fuzzy path"> intuitionistic fuzzy path</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112004/an-algorithm-to-find-fractional-edge-domination-number-and-upper-fractional-edge-domination-number-of-an-intuitionistic-fuzzy-graph" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1169</span> Investigation Edge Coverage of Automotive Electrocoats Filled by Nano Silica Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Bakhtiary%20Noodeh">Marzieh Bakhtiary Noodeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahla%20Zabet"> Mahla Zabet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Attempts have been carried out to enhance the anticorrosion properties as well as edge coverage of an automotive electrocoating using the nano silica particles. To this end, the automotive electrocoating was reinforced with the nano silica particles at various weight fractions. The electrocoats were applied on the surface of punched edge followed by curing at 160⁰C for 20 min. The effects of nano silica particles on the rheological properties, influencing edge coverage were studied by a RMS (Rheometric Mechanical Spectrometer) technique. The anticorrosion properties were studied by a salt-spray test. The results obtained revealed that nano silica particles can significantly enhance the edge coverage by increasing minimum melt viscosity of electrocoats. It was shown that using 4 wt% nano silica particles, both anticorrosion properties and edge coverage of the electrocoats were significantly improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20silica" title="nano silica">nano silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocoat" title=" electrocoat"> electrocoat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20coverage" title=" edge coverage"> edge coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticorrosion" title=" anticorrosion"> anticorrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24511/investigation-edge-coverage-of-automotive-electrocoats-filled-by-nano-silica-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1168</span> Multiscale Edge Detection Based on Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enqing%20Chen">Enqing Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianbo%20Wang"> Jianbo Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that the wavelet transform provides a very effective framework for multiscale edges analysis. However, wavelets are not very effective in representing images containing distributed discontinuities such as edges. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale edge detection method in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain, which is based on the dominant multiscale, multidirection edge expression and outstanding edge location of NSCT. Through real images experiments, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is better than other edge detection methods based on Canny operator, wavelet and contourlet. Additionally, the proposed method also works well for noisy images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title="edge detection">edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NSCT" title=" NSCT"> NSCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shift%20invariant" title=" shift invariant"> shift invariant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20maxima" title=" modulus maxima"> modulus maxima</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9528/multiscale-edge-detection-based-on-nonsubsampled-contourlet-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1167</span> Detecting the Edge of Multiple Images in Parallel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20K.%20Aithal">Prakash K. Aithal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Dinesh%20Acharya"> U. Dinesh Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Gopakumar"> Rajesh Gopakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Edge is variation of brightness in an image. Edge detection is useful in many application areas such as finding forests, rivers from a satellite image, detecting broken bone in a medical image etc. The paper discusses about finding edge of multiple aerial images in parallel .The proposed work tested on 38 images 37 colored and one monochrome image. The time taken to process N images in parallel is equivalent to time taken to process 1 image in sequential. The proposed method achieves pixel level parallelism as well as image level parallelism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title="edge detection">edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicore" title=" multicore"> multicore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gpu" title=" gpu"> gpu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opencl" title=" opencl"> opencl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mpi" title=" mpi"> mpi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30818/detecting-the-edge-of-multiple-images-in-parallel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1166</span> Applying the Crystal Model Approach on Light Nuclei for Calculating Radii and Density Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amar">A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new model, namely the crystal model, has been modified to calculate the radius and density distribution of light nuclei up to ⁸Be. The crystal model has been modified according to solid-state physics, which uses the analogy between nucleon distribution and atoms distribution in the crystal. The model has analytical analysis to calculate the radius where the density distribution of light nuclei has obtained from analogy of crystal lattice. The distribution of nucleons over crystal has been discussed in a general form. The equation that has been used to calculate binding energy was taken from the solid-state model of repulsive and attractive force. The numbers of the protons were taken to control repulsive force, where the atomic number was responsible for the attractive force. The parameter has been calculated from the crystal model was found to be proportional to the radius of the nucleus. The density distribution of light nuclei was taken as a summation of two clusters distribution as in ⁶Li=alpha+deuteron configuration. A test has been done on the data obtained for radius and density distribution using double folding for d+⁶,⁷Li with M3Y nucleon-nucleon interaction. Good agreement has been obtained for both the radius and density distribution of light nuclei. The model failed to calculate the radius of ⁹Be, so modifications should be done to overcome discrepancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20physics" title="nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20lattice" title=" nuclear lattice"> nuclear lattice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=study%20nucleus%20as%20crystal" title=" study nucleus as crystal"> study nucleus as crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20nuclei%20till%20to%20%E2%81%B8Be" title=" light nuclei till to ⁸Be"> light nuclei till to ⁸Be</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142183/applying-the-crystal-model-approach-on-light-nuclei-for-calculating-radii-and-density-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1165</span> A Pole Radius Varying Notch Filter with Transient Suppression for Electrocardiogram</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Rajagopalan">Ramesh Rajagopalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Dahlstrom"> Adam Dahlstrom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Noise removal techniques play a vital role in the performance of electrocardiographic (ECG) signal processing systems. ECG signals can be corrupted by various kinds of noise such as baseline wander noise, electromyographic interference, and power-line interference. One of the significant challenges in ECG signal processing is the degradation caused by additive 50 or 60 Hz power-line interference. This work investigates the removal of power line interference and suppression of transient response for filtering noise corrupted ECG signals. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) notch filter with time varying pole radius for improving the transient behavior. The temporary change in the pole radius of the filter diminishes the transient behavior. Simulation results show that the proposed IIR filter with time varying pole radius outperforms traditional IIR notch filters in terms of mean square error and transient suppression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch%20filter" title="notch filter">notch filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECG" title=" ECG"> ECG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient" title=" transient"> transient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole%20radius" title=" pole radius"> pole radius</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5982/a-pole-radius-varying-notch-filter-with-transient-suppression-for-electrocardiogram" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1164</span> Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Shot Peening Forming and Surface Properties of AALY12</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi-hong%20Lu">Shi-hong Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao-xun%20Liu"> Chao-xun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-feng%20Zhu"> Yi-feng Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrasonic shot peening (USP) on AALY12 sheet was studied. Several parameters (arc heights, surface roughness, surface topography and microhardness) with different USP process parameters were measured. The research proposes that the radius of curvature of shot peened sheet increases with time and electric current decreasing, while it increases with pin diameter increasing, and radius of curvature reaches a saturation level after a specific processing time and electric current. An empirical model of the relationship between radius of curvature and pin diameter, electric current, time was also obtained. The research shows that the increment of surface and vertical microhardness of material is more obvious with longer time and higher value of electric current, which can be up to 20% and 28% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USP%20forming" title="USP forming">USP forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radius%20of%20curvature" title=" radius of curvature"> radius of curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6472/experimental-study-on-ultrasonic-shot-peening-forming-and-surface-properties-of-aaly12" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1163</span> Generator Subgraphs of the Wheel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20M.%20Mame">Neil M. Mame</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We consider only finite graphs without loops nor multiple edges. Let G be a graph with E(G) = {e1, e2, …., em}. The edge space of G, denoted by ε(G), is a vector space over the field Z2. The elements of ε(G) are all the subsets of E(G). Vector addition is defined as X+Y = X Δ Y, the symmetric difference of sets X and Y, for X, Y ∈ ε(G). Scalar multiplication is defined as 1.X =X and 0.X = Ø for X ∈ ε(G). The set S ⊆ ε(G) is called a generating set if every element ε(G) is a linear combination of the elements of S. For a non-empty set X ∈ ε(G), the smallest subgraph with edge set X is called edge-induced subgraph of G, denoted by G[X]. The set EH(G) = { A ∈ ε(G) : G[A] ≅ H } denotes the uniform set of H with respect to G and εH(G) denotes the subspace of ε(G) generated by EH(G). If εH(G) is generating set, then we call H a generator subgraph of G. This paper gives the characterization for the generator subgraphs of the wheel that contain cycles and gives the necessary conditions for the acyclic generator subgraphs of the wheel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20space" title="edge space">edge space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge-induced%20subgraph" title=" edge-induced subgraph"> edge-induced subgraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generator%20subgraph" title=" generator subgraph"> generator subgraph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel" title=" wheel"> wheel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28953/generator-subgraphs-of-the-wheel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1162</span> Comparison of Two Theories for the Critical Laser Radius in Thermal Quantum Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somaye%20Zare">Somaye Zare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The critical beam radius is a significant factor that predicts the behavior of the laser beam in the plasma, so if the laser beam radius is adequately greater in comparison to it, the beam will experience stable focusing on the plasma; otherwise, the beam will diverge after entering into the plasma. In this work, considering the paraxial approximation and moment theories, the localization of a relativistic laser beam in thermal quantum plasma is investigated. Using the dielectric function obtained in the quantum hydrodynamic model, the mathematical equation for the laser beam width parameter is attained and solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results demonstrate that the stouter focusing effect is occurred in the moment theory compared to the paraxial approximation. Besides, similar to the two theories, with increasing Fermi temperature, plasma density, and laser intensity, the oscillation rate of the beam width parameter growths and focusing length reduces which means improving the focusing effect. Furthermore, it is understood that behaviors of the critical laser radius are different in the two theories, in the paraxial approximation, the critical radius after a minimum value is enhanced with increasing laser intensity, but in the moment theory, with increasing laser intensity, the critical radius decreases until it becomes independent of the laser intensity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20localization" title="laser localization">laser localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20plasma" title=" quantum plasma"> quantum plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraxial%20approximation" title=" paraxial approximation"> paraxial approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment%20theory" title=" moment theory"> moment theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20hydrodynamic%20model" title=" quantum hydrodynamic model"> quantum hydrodynamic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171090/comparison-of-two-theories-for-the-critical-laser-radius-in-thermal-quantum-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1161</span> An Empirical Investigation of the Challenges of Secure Edge Computing Adoption in Organizations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hailye%20Tekleselassie">Hailye Tekleselassie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Edge computing is a spread computing outline that transports initiative applications closer to data sources such as IoT devices or local edge servers, and possible happenstances would skull the action of new technologies. However, this investigation was attained to investigation the consciousness of technology and communications organization workers and computer users who support the service cloud. Surveys were used to achieve these objectives. Surveys were intended to attain these aims, and it is the functional using survey. Enquiries about confidence are also a key question. Problems like data privacy, integrity, and availability are the factors affecting the company’s acceptance of the service cloud. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title="IoT">IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data" title=" data"> data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20computing" title=" edge computing"> edge computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143031/an-empirical-investigation-of-the-challenges-of-secure-edge-computing-adoption-in-organizations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1160</span> Using Machine Learning to Monitor the Condition of the Cutting Edge during Milling Hardened Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Twardowski">Pawel Twardowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20Tabaszewski"> Maciej Tabaszewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Czy%C5%BCycki"> Jakub Czyżycki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main goal of the work was to use machine learning to predict cutting-edge wear. The research was carried out while milling hardened steel with sintered carbide cutters at various cutting speeds. During the tests, cutting-edge wear was measured, and vibration acceleration signals were also measured. Appropriate measures were determined from the vibration signals and served as input data in the machine-learning process. Two approaches were used in this work. The first one involved a two-state classification of the cutting edge - suitable and unfit for further work. In the second approach, prediction of the cutting-edge state based on vibration signals was used. The obtained research results show that the appropriate use of machine learning algorithms gives excellent results related to monitoring cutting edge during the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milling%20of%20hardened%20steel" title="milling of hardened steel">milling of hardened steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20wear" title=" tool wear"> tool wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185240/using-machine-learning-to-monitor-the-condition-of-the-cutting-edge-during-milling-hardened-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1159</span> Subjective Evaluation of Mathematical Morphology Edge Detection on Computed Tomography (CT) Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emhimed%20Saffor">Emhimed Saffor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the problem of edge detection in digital images is considered. Three methods of edge detection based on mathematical morphology algorithm were applied on two sets (Brain and Chest) CT images. 3x3 filter for first method, 5x5 filter for second method and 7x7 filter for third method under MATLAB programming environment. The results of the above-mentioned methods are subjectively evaluated. The results show these methods are more efficient and satiable for medical images, and they can be used for different other applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT%20images" title="CT images">CT images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matlab" title=" Matlab"> Matlab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20images" title=" medical images"> medical images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection "> edge detection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44926/subjective-evaluation-of-mathematical-morphology-edge-detection-on-computed-tomography-ct-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1158</span> A Mathematical Description of a Growing Cell Colony Based on the Mechanical Bidomain Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debabrata%20Auddya">Debabrata Auddya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bradley%20J.%20Roth"> Bradley J. Roth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanical bidomain model is used to describe a colony of cells growing on a substrate. Analytical expressions are derived for the intracellular and extracellular displacements. Mechanotransduction events are driven by the difference between the displacements in the two spaces, corresponding to the force acting on integrins. The equation for the displacement consists of two terms: one proportional to the radius that is the same in the intracellular and extracellular spaces (the monodomain term) and one that is proportional to a modified Bessel function that is responsible for mechanotransduction (the bidomain term). The model predicts that mechanotransduction occurs within a few length constants of the colony’s edge, and an expression for the length constant contains the intracellular and extracellular shear moduli and the spring constant of the integrins coupling the two spaces. The model predictions are qualitatively consistent with experiments on human embryonic stem cell colonies, in which differentiation is localized near the edge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20colony" title="cell colony">cell colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrin" title=" integrin"> integrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20bidomain%20model" title=" mechanical bidomain model"> mechanical bidomain model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell" title=" stem cell"> stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain" title=" stress-strain"> stress-strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20force" title=" traction force"> traction force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57982/a-mathematical-description-of-a-growing-cell-colony-based-on-the-mechanical-bidomain-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1157</span> Designing Directed Network with Optimal Controllability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Bai">Liang Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yandong%20Xiao"> Yandong Xiao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haorang%20Wang"> Haorang Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Songyang%20Lao"> Songyang Lao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The directedness of links is crucial to determine the controllability in complex networks. Even the edge directions can determine the controllability of complex networks. Obviously, for a given network, we wish to design its edge directions that make this network approach the optimal controllability. In this work, we firstly introduce two methods to enhance network by assigning edge directions. However, these two methods could not completely mitigate the negative effects of inaccessibility and dilations. Thus, to approach the optimal network controllability, the edge directions must mitigate the negative effects of inaccessibility and dilations as much as possible. Finally, we propose the edge direction for optimal controllability. The optimal method has been found to be successfully useful on real-world and synthetic networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20network" title="complex network">complex network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20control" title=" network control"> network control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103008/designing-directed-network-with-optimal-controllability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1156</span> Dynamic Stability of Axially Moving Viscoelastic Plates under Nonuniform in-Plane Edge Excitations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20Young">T. H. Young</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Huang"> S. J. Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Chiu"> Y. S. Chiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the parametric stability of an axially moving web subjected to nonuniform in-plane edge excitations on two opposite, simply-supported edges. The web is modeled as a viscoelastic plate whose constitutive relation obeys the Kelvin-Voigt model, and the in-plane edge excitations are expressed as the sum of a static tension and a periodical perturbation. Due to the in-plane edge excitations, the moving plate may bring about parametric instability under certain situations. First, the in-plane stresses of the plate due to the nonuniform edge excitations are determined by solving the in-plane forced vibration problem. Then, the dependence on the spatial coordinates in the equation of transverse motion is eliminated by the generalized Galerkin method, which results in a set of discretized system equations in time. Finally, the method of multiple scales is utilized to solve the set of system equations analytically if the periodical perturbation of the in-plane edge excitations is much smaller as compared with the static tension of the plate, from which the stability boundaries of the moving plate are obtained. Numerical results reveal that only combination resonances of the summed-type appear under the in-plane edge excitations considered in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axially%20moving%20viscoelastic%20plate" title="axially moving viscoelastic plate">axially moving viscoelastic plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-plane%20periodic%20excitation" title=" in-plane periodic excitation"> in-plane periodic excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonuniformly%20distributed%20edge%20tension" title=" nonuniformly distributed edge tension"> nonuniformly distributed edge tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20stability" title=" dynamic stability"> dynamic stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26548/dynamic-stability-of-axially-moving-viscoelastic-plates-under-nonuniform-in-plane-edge-excitations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1155</span> Manufacturing of Vacuum Glazing with Metal Edge Seal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Kyeong%20Kang">Won Kyeong Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Ho%20Song"> Tae-Ho Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vacuum glazing (VG) is a super insulator, which is able to greatly improve the energy efficiency of building. However, a significant amount of heat loss occurs through the welded edge of conventional VG. The joining method should be improved for further application and commercialization. For this purpose VG with metal edge seal is conceived. In this paper, the feasibility of joining stainless steel and soda lime glass using glass solder is assessed numerically and experimentally. In the case of very thin stainless steel, partial joining with glass is identified, which need further improvement for practical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VG" title="VG">VG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20edge%20seal" title=" metal edge seal"> metal edge seal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20glazing" title=" vacuum glazing"> vacuum glazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing" title=" manufacturing"> manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19368/manufacturing-of-vacuum-glazing-with-metal-edge-seal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1154</span> The Theory of the Mystery: Unifying the Quantum and Cosmic Worlds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Najiur%20Rahman">Md. Najiur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This hypothesis reveals a profound and symmetrical connection that goes beyond the boundaries of quantum physics and cosmology, revolutionizing our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the cosmos, given its name ‘The Theory of the Mystery’. This theory has an elegantly simple equation, “R = ∆r / √∆m” which establishes a beautiful and well-crafted relationship between the radius (R) of an elementary particle or galaxy, the relative change in radius (∆r), and the mass difference (∆m) between related entities. It is fascinating to note that this formula presents a super synchronization, one which involves the convergence of every basic particle and any single celestial entity into perfect alignment with its respective mass and radius. In addition, we have a Supporting equation that defines the mass-radius connection of an entity by the equation: R=√m/N, where N is an empirically established constant, determined to be approximately 42.86 kg/m, representing the proportionality between mass and radius. It provides precise predictions, collects empirical evidence, and explores the far-reaching consequences of theories such as General Relativity. This elegant symmetry reveals a fundamental principle that underpins the cosmos: each component, whether small or large, follows a precise mass-radius relationship to exert gravity by a universal law. This hypothesis represents a transformative process towards a unified theory of physics, and the pursuit of experimental verification will show that each particle and galaxy is bound by gravity and plays a unique but harmonious role in shaping the universe. It promises to reveal the great symphony of the mighty cosmos. The predictive power of our hypothesis invites the exploration of entities at the farthest reaches of the cosmos, providing a bridge between the known and the unknown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20theory" title="unified theory">unified theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gravity" title=" quantum gravity"> quantum gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass-radius%20relationship" title=" mass-radius relationship"> mass-radius relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20matter" title=" dark matter"> dark matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform%20gravity" title=" uniform gravity"> uniform gravity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181476/the-theory-of-the-mystery-unifying-the-quantum-and-cosmic-worlds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1153</span> LaPEA: Language for Preprocessing of Edge Applications in Smart Factory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masaki%20Sakai">Masaki Sakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsuyoshi%20Nakajima"> Tsuyoshi Nakajima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuya%20Takahashi"> Kazuya Takahashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to improve the productivity of a factory, it is often the case to create an inference model by collecting and analyzing operational data off-line and then to develop an edge application (EAP) that evaluates the quality of the products or diagnoses machine faults in real-time. To accelerate this development cycle, an edge application framework for the smart factory is proposed, which enables to create and modify EAPs based on prepared inference models. In the framework, the preprocessing component is the key part to make it work. This paper proposes a language for preprocessing of edge applications, called LaPEA, which can flexibly process several sensor data from machines into explanatory variables for an inference model, and proves that it meets the requirements for the preprocessing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20application%20framework" title="edge application framework">edge application framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edgecross" title=" edgecross"> edgecross</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preprocessing%20language" title=" preprocessing language"> preprocessing language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20factory" title=" smart factory"> smart factory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142882/lapea-language-for-preprocessing-of-edge-applications-in-smart-factory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1152</span> Conservative Treatment Versus Percutaneous Wire Fixation in treatment of Distal Radial Fracture in Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelfatah%20Elsenosy">Abdelfatah Elsenosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Ebrahim"> Mahmoud Ebrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Distal radius fractures are commonly encountered in orthopedic practice, especially in elderly patients. A number of clinical papers have supported the idea that anatomic restoration of the distal end of the radius is essential to gain superior results. Aim and objectives: The aim of the study is to systematically review the literature for the management of distal end radius in elderly persons (conservative treatment versus percutaneous wire fixation) as regards radiological and functional outcomes. Subjects and methods: Studies were identified from the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched until 2019 using combinations of the following search terms: distal radius fracture, conservative treatment, non-operative treatment, and nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment, operative, elderly, and older. Reference lists of relevant studies were manually searched. Results: There was no statistical significance difference between CI and PKF groups’ frequency of complication in all of the selected studies. Based on the results, we recommend more analysis regarding every parameter of the radiographic and functional results and specific complications related to each fixation need to be accomplished, which requires more Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with high quality. Conclusion: Surgical treatment seems to be more effective distal radius fracture compared with conservative treatment when the radiographic outcomes were analyzed, and no significant differences were detected in the functional outcomes and complication rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radius" title="radius">radius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical" title=" surgical"> surgical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RCTs" title=" RCTs"> RCTs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservative" title=" conservative"> conservative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiographic" title=" radiographic"> radiographic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcomes" title=" outcomes"> outcomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthopedic" title=" orthopedic"> orthopedic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144226/conservative-treatment-versus-percutaneous-wire-fixation-in-treatment-of-distal-radial-fracture-in-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1151</span> Experimental Investigation on Noise from Rod-Airfoil with Leading Edge Serrations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Con%20Doolan"> Con Doolan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work is an experimental investigation of adapting a passive treatment leading edge serrations over a rod-airfoil flow-induced noise generation. The leading edge serrations are bio-inspired from a barn-owl silent flight. The rod-airfoil configuration is a benchmark configuration taken to investigate airfoil-turbulence interaction noise (ATIN). Location of serrations placed and the wideness of serrations are the two parameters taken in this study. The ATIN is reduced up to 3.5 dB for a wide leading serrations case. A correlation is found between the wideness of serrations and the noise reduction mechanism of the airfoil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20noise" title="aerodynamic noise">aerodynamic noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading%20edge%20serrations" title=" leading edge serrations"> leading edge serrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rod-airfoil" title=" rod-airfoil"> rod-airfoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951/experimental-investigation-on-noise-from-rod-airfoil-with-leading-edge-serrations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1150</span> Comparative Analysis of Edge Detection Techniques for Extracting Characters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rana%20Gill">Rana Gill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandandeep%20Kaur"> Chandandeep Kaur </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Segmentation of images can be implemented using different fundamental algorithms like edge detection (discontinuity based segmentation), region growing (similarity based segmentation), iterative thresholding method. A comprehensive literature review relevant to the study gives description of different techniques for vehicle number plate detection and edge detection techniques widely used on different types of images. This research work is based on edge detection techniques and calculating threshold on the basis of five edge operators. Five operators used are Prewitt, Roberts, Sobel, LoG and Canny. Segmentation of characters present in different type of images like vehicle number plate, name plate of house and characters on different sign boards are selected as a case study in this work. The proposed methodology has seven stages. The proposed system has been implemented using MATLAB R2010a. Comparison of all the five operators has been done on the basis of their performance. From the results it is found that Canny operators produce best results among the used operators and performance of different edge operators in decreasing order is: Canny>Log>Sobel>Prewitt>Roberts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title="segmentation">segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection"> edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text" title=" text"> text</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracting%20characters" title=" extracting characters"> extracting characters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9054/comparative-analysis-of-edge-detection-techniques-for-extracting-characters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1149</span> Prediction of Trailing-Edge Noise under Adverse-Pressure Gradient Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Chen">Li Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For an aerofoil or hydrofoil in high Reynolds number flows, broadband noise is generated efficiently as the result of the turbulence convecting over the trailing edge. This noise can be related to the surface pressure fluctuations, which can be predicted by either CFD or empirical models. However, in reality, the aerofoil or hydrofoil often operates at an angle of attack. Under this situation, the flow is subjected to an Adverse-Pressure-Gradient (APG), and as a result, a flow separation may occur. This study is to assess trailing-edge noise models for such flows. In the present work, the trailing-edge noise from a 2D airfoil at 6 degree of angle of attach is investigated. Under this condition, the flow is experiencing a strong APG, and the flow separation occurs. The flow over the airfoil with a chord of 300 mm, equivalent to a Reynold Number 4x10⁵, is simulated using RANS with the SST k-ɛ turbulent model. The predicted surface pressure fluctuations are compared with the published experimental data and empirical models, and show a good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of the APG on the trailing edge noise is discussed, and the associated trailing edge noise is calculated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aero-acoustics" title="aero-acoustics">aero-acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse-pressure%20gradient" title=" adverse-pressure gradient"> adverse-pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trailing-edge%20noise" title=" trailing-edge noise"> trailing-edge noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65472/prediction-of-trailing-edge-noise-under-adverse-pressure-gradient-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1148</span> Theoretical Study of Flexible Edge Seals for Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Arya">Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of vacuum glazing represents a significant advancement in the area of low heat loss glazing systems with the potential to substantially reduce building heating and cooling loads. Vacuum glazing consists of two or more glass panes hermetically sealed together around the edge with a vacuum gap between the panes. To avoid the glass panes from collapsing and touching each other under the influence of atmospheric pressure an array of support pillars is provided between the glass panes. A high level of thermal insulation is achieved by evacuating the spaces between the glass panes to a very low pressure which greatly reduces conduction and convection within the space; therefore heat transfer through this kind of glazing is significantly lower when compared with conventional insulating glazing. However, vacuum glazing is subject to inherent stresses due to atmospheric pressure and temperature differentials which can lead to fracture of the glass panes and failure of the edge seal. A flexible edge seal has been proposed to minimise the impact of these issues. In this paper, vacuum glazing system with rigid and flexible edge seals is theoretically studied and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20edge%20seal" title="flexible edge seal">flexible edge seal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20pillar" title=" support pillar"> support pillar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20glazing" title=" vacuum glazing"> vacuum glazing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72593/theoretical-study-of-flexible-edge-seals-for-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1147</span> Extraction of Road Edge Lines from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images Based on Energy Function and Snake Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuoji%20Huang">Zuoji Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiming%20Qian"> Haiming Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunlin%20Wang"> Chunlin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinyan%20Sun"> Jinyan Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nan%20Xu"> Nan Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the strategy to extract double road edge lines from acquired road stripe image was explored. The workflow is as follows: the road stripes are acquired by probabilistic boosting tree algorithm and morphological algorithm immediately, and road centerlines are detected by thinning algorithm, so the initial road edge lines can be acquired along the road centerlines. Then we refine the results with big variation of local curvature of centerlines. Specifically, the energy function of edge line is constructed by gradient feature and spectral information, and Dijkstra algorithm is used to optimize the initial road edge lines. The Snake model is constructed to solve the fracture problem of intersection, and the discrete dynamic programming algorithm is used to solve the model. After that, we could get the final road network. Experiment results show that the strategy proposed in this paper can be used to extract the continuous and smooth road edge lines from high-resolution remote sensing images with an accuracy of 88% in our study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20edge%20lines%20extraction" title="road edge lines extraction">road edge lines extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20function" title=" energy function"> energy function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20fracture" title=" intersection fracture"> intersection fracture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snake%20model" title=" Snake model"> Snake model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74167/extraction-of-road-edge-lines-from-high-resolution-remote-sensing-images-based-on-energy-function-and-snake-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20radius&amp;page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20radius&amp;page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20radius&amp;page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20radius&amp;page=5">5</a></li> 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