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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 29 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="مختبر لورانس ليفرمور الوطني - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مختبر لورانس ليفرمور الوطني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="লরেন্স লিভারমোর ন্যাশনাল ল্যাবরেটরী - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লরেন্স লিভারমোর ন্যাশনাল ল্যাবরেটরী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratori_Nacional_Lawrence_de_Livermore" title="Laboratori Nacional Lawrence de Livermore - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laboratori Nacional Lawrence de Livermore" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9B%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Εθνικό Εργαστήριο Λώρενς στο Λίβερμορ - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνικό Εργαστήριο Λώρενς στο Λίβερμορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacia_Laboratorio_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Nacia Laboratorio Lawrence Livermore - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nacia Laboratorio Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorio_Nacional_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratorio Nacional Lawrence Livermore - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Laboratorio Nacional Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%27i_Livermore%27i_Riiklik_Labor" title="Lawrence'i Livermore'i Riiklik Labor - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lawrence'i Livermore'i Riiklik Labor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="آزمایشگاه ملی لارنس لیورمور - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمایشگاه ملی لارنس لیورمور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoire_national_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratoire national Lawrence Livermore - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laboratoire national Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8" title="המעבדה הלאומית לורנס ליברמור - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המעבדה הלאומית לורנס ליברמור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorium_Nasional_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%90%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A2%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="ローレンス・リバモア国立研究所 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ローレンス・リバモア国立研究所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4_%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C" title="로렌스 리버모어 국립연구소 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로렌스 리버모어 국립연구소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laborat%C3%B3rio_Nacional_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratório Nacional Lawrence Livermore - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Laboratório Nacional Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratorul_Na%C8%9Bional_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Laboratorul Național Lawrence Livermore - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Laboratorul Național Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ливерморская национальная лаборатория - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливерморская национальная лаборатория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_Ulusal_Laboratuvar%C4%B1" title="Lawrence Livermore Ulusal Laboratuvarı - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lawrence Livermore Ulusal Laboratuvarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ліверморська національна лабораторія імені Лоуренса - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліверморська національна лабораторія імені Лоуренса" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B2ng_th%C3%AD_nghi%E1%BB%87m_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Lawrence_Livermore" title="Phòng thí nghiệm quốc gia Lawrence Livermore - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phòng thí nghiệm quốc gia Lawrence Livermore" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%9B%E6%91%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" title="勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勞倫斯利佛摩國家實驗室" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HD.6B.476_(11325669266).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/HD.6B.476_%2811325669266%29.jpg/350px-HD.6B.476_%2811325669266%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/HD.6B.476_%2811325669266%29.jpg/525px-HD.6B.476_%2811325669266%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/HD.6B.476_%2811325669266%29.jpg/700px-HD.6B.476_%2811325669266%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="2365" /></a><figcaption>Vista del laboratorio</figcaption></figure> <p>Il <b>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</b> (<b>LLNL</b>) è un laboratorio di ricerca del <a href="/wiki/Dipartimento_dell%27Energia_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipartimento dell'Energia degli Stati Uniti d'America">Dipartimento dell'Energia degli Stati Uniti d'America</a>, gestito dall'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_della_California" title="Università della California">Università della California</a> e ubicato a <a href="/wiki/Livermore_(California)" title="Livermore (California)">Livermore</a>. Insieme al <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Laboratorio Nazionale di Los Alamos</a>, il centro si occupa dello sviluppo di <a href="/wiki/Armi_nucleari" class="mw-redirect" title="Armi nucleari">armi nucleari</a> per il Governo degli Stati Uniti. Le finalità della struttura sono "<i>ricerca e sviluppo di scienza e tecnologia applicate alla sicurezza nazionale</i>": il laboratorio esegue ricerche in molti campi, tra i quali quelli dell'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a>, della <a href="/wiki/Biomedicina" title="Biomedicina">biomedicina</a> e delle <a href="/wiki/Scienze_ambientali" title="Scienze ambientali">scienze ambientali</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il laboratorio sorge su quella che precedentemente era la Stazione di Addestramento Navale e inizialmente era utilizzato come sito principale per i progetti del <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_della_California" title="Università della California">Università della California</a>, che richiedevano uno spazio non disponibile nei laboratori a <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(California)" title="Berkeley (California)">Berkeley</a>, e fu creato come secondo laboratorio, in competizione con il primo laboratorio dedicato allo sviluppo delle armi nucleari, il <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Laboratorio Nazionale di Los Alamos</a>. Tra i promotori della sua costituzione, vi fu <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a>, che lo concepiva come uno strumento per poter sviluppare rapidamente la <a href="/wiki/Bomba_all%27idrogeno" title="Bomba all'idrogeno">bomba all'idrogeno</a>, dal momento che, a suo dire, a Los Alamos il suo progetto non riceveva le dovute attenzioni. Nonostante la realizzazione del laboratorio fu completata nel settembre <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>, il progetto della bomba all'idrogeno fu completato prima a Los Alamos. </p><p>Storicamente i laboratori di <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(California)" title="Berkeley (California)">Berkeley</a> e <a href="/wiki/Livermore_(California)" title="Livermore (California)">Livermore</a> erano inizialmente molto collegati sia nei progetti di ricerca che nelle operazioni economiche e nel personale. Il <i>Livermore Lab</i> fu fondato inizialmente come ramo del <i>Berkeley Lab</i>. Entrambi devono il loro nome ad <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a> (l'inventore del ciclotrone). Attualmente nei documenti ufficiali il <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> è designato come <i>Site 100</i>, il <b>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</b> come <i>Site 200</i>, e il <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> come <i>Site 300</i>. </p><p>Primo direttore del centro fu il trentaduenne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert York (la pagina non esiste)">Herbert York</a>. York divise il laboratorio in quattro unità principali: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progetto_Sherwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progetto Sherwood (la pagina non esiste)">Progetto Sherwood</a> (il programma di fusione a confinamento magnetico), l'unità di verifica degli armamenti, l'unità di sviluppo delle armi termonucleari e lo sviluppo della fisica di base. Le prime due unità furono inserite in uno stabile in cui fu ospitato anche il calcolatore elettronico <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC_I" title="UNIVAC I">UNIVAC I</a>, e in un edificio dotato di un ampio spazio per poter installare e gestire macchinari pesanti e di elevate dimensioni. </p><p>Durante la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_fredda" title="Guerra fredda">guerra fredda</a>, il laboratorio fu in competizione con Los Alamos per lo sviluppo dell'arsenale nucleare statunitense e per sviluppare e perfezionale altre tecnologie legate alla difesa nazionale (molte ancora <a href="/wiki/Segreto_di_Stato" title="Segreto di Stato">segretate</a>). All'inizio degli anni 90, le armi funzionanti furono trasferite in un magazzino. </p><p>Attualmente il laboratorio sta sviluppando lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=SSTAR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSTAR (la pagina non esiste)">SSTAR</a>, lo "Small, Sealed, Transportable, Autonomous Reactor". Il progetto prevede la realizzazione di un piccolo reattore nucleare che sia in grado di fornire corrente elettrica per 30 anni senza bisogno di manutenzione complessa. Questo reattore verrà offerto ai paesi meno sviluppati in modo da fornire loro energia nucleare senza dover loro fornire conoscenze nucleari o costringerli a sviluppare delle conoscenze nucleari. Al termine della vita utile del reattore, il progetto prevede che questo venga riportato negli Stati Uniti in modo da impedire l'accesso al plutonio prodotto dal reattore. </p><p>È in corso di costruzione il <a href="/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility" title="National Ignition Facility">National Ignition Facility</a>, una ricerca per la <a href="/wiki/Fusione_nucleare" title="Fusione nucleare">fusione nucleare</a> basata sul <a href="/wiki/Fusione_a_confinamento_inerziale" title="Fusione a confinamento inerziale">confinamento laser</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Direttori">Direttori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Direttori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Direttori"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert York (la pagina non esiste)">Herbert York</a> (1952–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> (1958–1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Brown_(fisico)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Brown (fisico) (la pagina non esiste)">Harold Brown</a> (1960–1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_S._Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John S. Foster (la pagina non esiste)">John S. Foster</a> (1961–1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_M._May&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael M. May (la pagina non esiste)">Michael M. May</a> (1965–1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_E._Batzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger E. Batzel (la pagina non esiste)">Roger E. Batzel</a> (1971–1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Nuckolls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Nuckolls (la pagina non esiste)">John H. Nuckolls</a> (1988–1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._Bruce_Tarter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Bruce Tarter (la pagina non esiste)">C. Bruce Tarter</a> (1994–2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_R._Anastasio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael R. Anastasio (la pagina non esiste)">Michael R. Anastasio</a> (2002–2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_H._Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George H. Miller (la pagina non esiste)">George H. Miller</a> (2006, ad interim)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_del_laboratorio">Computer del laboratorio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Computer del laboratorio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Computer del laboratorio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il primo computer del progetto fu l'<a href="/wiki/UNIVAC_I" title="UNIVAC I">UNIVAC I</a>, ordinato nel settembre del <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a> e attivo dall'aprile del <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a>. </p><p>Nel corso degli anni sono stati installati molti altri computer, tra i quali: </p> <ul><li>2 <a href="/wiki/IBM_701" title="IBM 701">IBM 701</a></li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/IBM_704" title="IBM 704">IBM 704</a></li> <li>4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_709&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 709 (la pagina non esiste)">IBM 709</a></li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/IBM_7090" title="IBM 7090">IBM 7090</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=UNIVAC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNIVAC (la pagina non esiste)">UNIVAC</a> <a href="/wiki/LARC" title="LARC">LARC</a></li> <li>5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_7094&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 7094 (la pagina non esiste)">IBM 7094</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/IBM_7030_Stretch" title="IBM 7030 Stretch">IBM 7030 Stretch</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/CDC_1604" title="CDC 1604">CDC 1604</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=CDC_3600&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CDC 3600 (la pagina non esiste)">CDC 3600</a></li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/CDC_6600" title="CDC 6600">CDC 6600</a></li> <li>5 <a href="/wiki/CDC_7600" title="CDC 7600">CDC 7600</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/CDC_STAR-100" title="CDC STAR-100">CDC STAR-100</a></li> <li>4 <a href="/wiki/Cray-1" title="Cray-1">Cray-1</a></li> <li>5 <a href="/wiki/Cray_X-MP" title="Cray X-MP">Cray X-MP</a></li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Cray-2" title="Cray-2">Cray-2</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Cray_Y-MP" title="Cray Y-MP">Cray Y-MP8</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/BBN_Butterfly" title="BBN Butterfly">BBN Butterfly</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Cray_C90" title="Cray C90">Cray C90</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiko (la pagina non esiste)">Meiko</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Cray_T3D" title="Cray T3D">Cray T3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCI_Blue_Pacific" title="ASCI Blue Pacific">ASCI Blue Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCI_White" title="ASCI White">ASCI White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCI_Purple" title="ASCI Purple">ASCI Purple</a></li> <li>IBM <a href="/wiki/Blue_Gene#Blue_Gene/L" title="Blue Gene">Blue Gene/L</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hugh Gusterson, <i>Nuclear Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War</i>, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0520213734" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0520213734</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio">Livermorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory?uselang=it">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llnl.gov">LLNL.gov</a> (Sito ufficiale)</li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061012145952/http://www.llnl.gov/50th_anniv/history.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Laboratory History</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">llnl.gov</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 gennaio 2006</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.llnl.gov/50th_anniv/history.htm">url originale</abbr> il 12 ottobre 2006)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132530755">132530755</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121609702">0000 0001 2160 9702</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Union_List_of_Artist_Names" title="Union List of Artist Names">ULAN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500301587">500301587</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81036582">n81036582</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131902-4">131902-4</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14588609x">cb14588609x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14588609x">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007604126105171">987007604126105171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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</div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&oldid=141537379">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory&oldid=141537379</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Istituti_di_fisica_negli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Categoria:Istituti di fisica negli Stati Uniti d'America">Istituti di fisica negli Stati Uniti d'America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Organismi_scientifici_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Categoria:Organismi scientifici degli Stati Uniti d'America">Organismi scientifici degli Stati Uniti d'America</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_VIAF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice VIAF">Voci con codice VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_ISNI" title="Categoria:Voci con codice ISNI">Voci con codice ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_ULAN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice ULAN">Voci con codice ULAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_LCCN" title="Categoria:Voci con codice LCCN">Voci con codice LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_BNF" title="Categoria:Voci con codice BNF">Voci con codice BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_J9U" title="Categoria:Voci con codice J9U">Voci con codice J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pagine_che_utilizzano_collegamenti_magici_ISBN" title="Categoria:Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN">Pagine che utilizzano collegamenti magici ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 10 ott 2024 alle 07:52.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori. 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