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Temaside: Midtøsten-konflikten – Store norske leksikon

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Av <span itemprop="author">Dawoud Abo Alkas</span>/Anadolu/Getty Images. <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.no" itemprop="license" class="media-attribution-inline__license-link"> <img src="/packs/static/images/license-cc-by-b4d78d072ebec568455b.svg" alt="CC BY 2.0" class="media-attribution-inline__image"></a></span> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="page-header__heading-wrapper"> <div class="page-header__heading"> <h1 class="page-title page-title--on-image page-title--on-dark-image" itemprop="headline"> <span class="page-title__prefix">Temaside</span> Midtøsten-konflikten </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-theme__top-content"> <div class="l-theme__intro"> <div class="article-text"> Midtøsten-konflikten er det vanligste navnet på konflikten om det tidligere mandatområdet Palestina, som i 1948 ble delt som følge av opprettelsen av staten Israel. Selv om kjernen av konflikten er mellom Israel og palestinerne, har nabolandene vært innblandet – blant annet gjennom en rekke kriger. Konflikten er også jevnlig høyt på den internasjonale agendaen. </div> </div> </div> <section class="l-theme__section" id="historie"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Historie</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> Les mer om bakgrunnen til landene og områdene konflikten dreier seg om og utspiller seg på. </p> <div class="l-theme__articles"> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/268/small_Letter_Luenna_Louvre_AO4238.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Midt%C3%B8stens_historie" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Midtøstens historie </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/269/small_israel_sharon.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Israels_samtidshistorie" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Israels samtidshistorie </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/293/small_18053v.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Palestinas_historie_f%C3%B8r_1948" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Palestinas historie før 1948 </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/322/small_palestina_haniyeh.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Palestinas_historie_etter_1948" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Palestinas historie etter 1948 </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/989/small_1_palestina-kart.png" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Palestina-sp%C3%B8rsm%C3%A5let" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Palestina-spørsmålet </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1006/small_ta21c099.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Israels_historie" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Israels historie </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1012/small_NTB_K2v5XgTvHgc.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Gazas_historie" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Gazas historie </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1013/small_IMG_2026.JPG" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Golanh%C3%B8ydene" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Golanhøydene </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1014/small_Palestinian_children_and_Israeli_wall.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Vestbreddens_historie" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Vestbreddens historie </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1015/small_Sinai_-_Dead_Sea_-_Wide_Angle_View__cropped_.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Sinai" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Sinai </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1028/small_34089323594_6b83e23946_k.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Vestbredden" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Vestbredden </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1029/small_NTB_kD4tzPmrmmU.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Gaza" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Gaza </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="kriger-mellom-israel-og-nabolandene"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Kriger mellom Israel og nabolandene</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> Det har vært flere kriger mellom Israel og nabolandene siden 1948. Krigene har preget konflikten og ofte ført til grenseendringer. </p> <div class="l-theme__articles l-theme__articles--five-col"> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/345/small_6797549906_0d72c11bbc_o.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <p class="reading-tip__tagline">1947–1949</p> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Palestinakrigen_i_1948%E2%80%931949" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Palestinakrigen i 1948–1949 </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/346/small_Port_Said_from_air.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <p class="reading-tip__tagline">1956</p> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Suezkrisen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Suezkrisen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/347/small_Y9fHVFCql-s.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <p class="reading-tip__tagline">1967</p> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/seksdagerskrigen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> seksdagerskrigen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/348/small_Israeli_Tanks_Cross_the_Suez_Canal_-_Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <p class="reading-tip__tagline">1973</p> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Yom_Kippur-krigen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Yom Kippur-krigen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="fredsprosesser"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Fredsprosesser</h2> <div class="l-theme__link-list l-theme__link-list--three-col"> <div class="link-list link-list--large"> <ul class="link-list__list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Fredsprosessen_mellom_Israel_og_Egypt" class="link-list__link">Fredsprosessen mellom Israel og Egypt</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Fredsprosessen_mellom_Israel_og_Jordan" class="link-list__link">Fredsprosessen mellom Israel og Jordan</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Fredsprosessen_mellom_Israel_og_Libanon" class="link-list__link">Fredsprosessen mellom Israel og Libanon</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Fredsprosessen_mellom_Israel_og_Syria" class="link-list__link">Fredsprosessen mellom Israel og Syria</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Fredsprosesser_i_Midt%C3%B8sten" class="link-list__link">Fredsprosesser i Midtøsten</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Oslo-prosessen" class="link-list__link">Oslo-prosessen</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="avtaler-og-resolusjoner"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Avtaler og resolusjoner</h2> <div class="l-theme__articles l-theme__articles--five-col"> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/997/small_ta6e4c0d.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Camp_David-avtalen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Camp David-avtalen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/998/small_spc61250.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Oslo-avtalen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Oslo-avtalen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1051/small_seksdagerskrigen.png" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/FN-resolusjon_242" class="reading-tip__title-link"> FN-resolusjon 242 </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1524/small_sykes-picot-stor.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Sykes-Picot-avtalen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Sykes-Picot-avtalen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1525/small_10354v.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Balfour-erkl%C3%A6ringen" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Balfour-erklæringen </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="ikke-statlige-aktorer"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Ikke-statlige aktører</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> Flere grupper, organisasjoner og bevegelser har til ulike tider spilt sentrale roller i konflikten. </p> <div class="l-theme__link-list l-theme__link-list--three-col"> <div class="link-list link-list--large"> <ul class="link-list__list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Hamas" class="link-list__link">Hamas</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Palestinsk_islamsk_jihad" class="link-list__link">Palestinsk islamsk jihad</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/PFLP" class="link-list__link">PFLP</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Hizbollah" class="link-list__link">Hizbollah</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/DFLP" class="link-list__link">DFLP</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Fatah" class="link-list__link">Fatah</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/PLO_-_Den_palestinske_frigj%C3%B8ringsorganisasjonen" class="link-list__link">PLO – Den palestinske frigjøringsorganisasjonen</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Haganah" class="link-list__link">Haganah</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Irgun_Zvai_Leumi" class="link-list__link">Irgun Zvai Leumi</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="sentrale-personer-israel"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Sentrale personer (Israel)</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> En rekke personer har vært avgjørende for utviklingen i Midtøsten-konflikten. Her kan du lese mer om sentrale israelske ledere. </p> <div class="l-theme__articles"> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1016/small_NTB_lJevpH4q_bU.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/David_Ben-Gurion" class="reading-tip__title-link"> David Ben-Gurion </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1017/small_levi-eshkol.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Levi_Eshkol" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Levi Eshkol </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1018/small_golda-meir.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Golda_Meir" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Golda Meir </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1019/small_peres-shimon.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Shimon_Peres" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Shimon Peres </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1020/small_rabin-yitzhak.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Yitzhak_Rabin" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Yitzhak Rabin </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1021/small_yitzhak-shamir.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Yitzhak_Shamir" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Yitzhak Shamir </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1022/small_NTB_Ju-EQ5v0C2c.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Menachem_Begin" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Menachem Begin </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1023/small_12102323823_f2d778cf2e_o.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Benjamin_Netanyahu" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Benjamin Netanyahu </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1024/small_ehud-barak.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ehud_Barak" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ehud Barak </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1026/small_weizmann_chaim.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Chaim_Weizmann" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Chaim Weizmann </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1027/small_Ariel_Sharon_Headshot.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ariel_Sharon" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ariel Sharon </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1030/small_ehud-olmert.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ehud_Olmert" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ehud Olmert </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="sentrale-personer-palestina-og-arabiske-land"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Sentrale personer (Palestina og arabiske land)</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> En rekke personer har vært avgjørende for utviklingen i Midtøsten-konflikten. Her kan du lese mer om sentrale ledere på palestinsk og arabisk side. </p> <div class="l-theme__articles l-theme__articles--five-col"> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1031/small_ta0e6497.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Yasir_Arafat" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Yasir Arafat </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1032/small_Al-Husayni1929head.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Amin_al-Husseini" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Amin al-Husseini </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1033/small_NTB_t3wMtRMIURs.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ahmad_Yassin" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ahmad Yassin </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1034/small_1024px-Stevan_Kragujevic__Gamal_Abdel_Naser_u_Beogradu__1962_1_.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Gamal Abdel Nasser </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1035/small_ta291e1f.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Hussein_1._bin_Talal" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Hussein 1. bin Talal </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1036/small_ta982d64.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Mahmoud_Abbas" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Mahmoud Abbas </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1037/small_ismail-haniyeh.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ismail_Haniyeh" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ismail Haniyeh </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1038/small_George_Habash.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/George_Habash" class="reading-tip__title-link"> George Habash </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1039/small_khaled-mishaal.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Khaled_Mishaal" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Khaled Mishaal </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1040/small_sp1de1e2.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Marwan_Barghouti" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Marwan Barghouti </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1041/small_7mt5NfzFVeM.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Saeb_Erekat" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Saeb Erekat </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1054/small_Hafez_al-Assad_official_portrait.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Hafez_al-Assad" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Hafez al-Assad </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1055/small_ahmad-shukeiri.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ahmad_Shukeiri" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ahmad Shukeiri </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1056/small_NTB_7sh950yENO4.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Ahmed_Qurie" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Ahmed Qurie </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1069/small_Egyptian_President_Anwar_Sadat_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency__1_.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Muhammad_Anwar_al-Sadat" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="bakgrunnen-for-israel"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Bakgrunnen for Israel</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> Les mer om bevegelsen, tankegodset og hendelsene som lå til grunn for opprettelsen av Israel. </p> <div class="l-theme__articles l-theme__articles--five-col"> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1042/small_sionisme.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/sionisme" class="reading-tip__title-link"> sionisme </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1043/small_1280px-Stroop_Report_-_Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_08.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Holocaust" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Holocaust </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1045/small_1024px-Theodor_Herzl_1_.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Theodor_Herzl" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Theodor Herzl </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1070/small_israel14.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Opprettelsen_av_staten_Israel" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Opprettelsen av staten Israel </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> <div class="l-theme__article"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--theme"> <figure class="reading-tip__figure"> <img src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1083/small_8430026551_fa6431b2d4_k.jpg" alt="" class="reading-tip__image"> </figure> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h3 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/kibbutz" class="reading-tip__title-link"> kibbutz </a> </h3> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="oppror-kriger-og-militaeroperasjoner"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Opprør, kriger og militæroperasjoner</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> Siden den første intifadaen i 1987 har det flere ganger brutt ut opprør, begrensede krigshandlinger og militæroperasjoner av ulik varighet. </p> <div class="featured-articles"> <ul class="featured-articles__other-items t-article-tips"> <li class="featured-articles__other-item"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--front"> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h2 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Operasjon_Cast_Lead" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Operasjon Cast Lead </a> </h2> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </li> <li class="featured-articles__other-item"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--front"> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h2 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Operasjon_Pillar_of_Cloud" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Operasjon Pillar of Cloud </a> </h2> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </li> <li class="featured-articles__other-item"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--front"> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h2 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Operasjon_Protective_Edge" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Operasjon Protective Edge </a> </h2> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </li> <li class="featured-articles__other-item"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--front"> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h2 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Gaza-krigen_-_2014" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Gaza-krigen – 2014 </a> </h2> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </li> <li class="featured-articles__other-item"> <article class="reading-tip reading-tip--front"> <header class="reading-tip__header"> <h2 class="reading-tip__title"> <a href="https://snl.no/Gaza-krigen_-_2023%E2%80%93" class="reading-tip__title-link"> Gaza-krigen – 2023– </a> </h2> </header> <p class="reading-tip__preamble"> </p> </article> </li> </ul> <div class="featured-articles__main-item t-featured-article"> <article class="featured-article featured-article--light-text"> <header class="featured-article__header"> <figure class="featured-article__figure"> <img class="featured-article__image" src="https://media.snl.no/theme_section_item/1046/featured_palestina_steinkasting.jpg" alt=""> </figure> <p class="featured-article__tagline"></p> <h2 class="featured-article__title"> <a class="featured-article__title-link" href="https://snl.no/intifada"> intifada </a> </h2> </header> <div class="featured-article__preamble"> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <section class="l-theme__section" id="byer-steder-og-bygg"> <h2 class="l-theme__section-heading">Byer, steder og bygg</h2> <p class="l-theme__section-lede"> Noen byer, steder og bygninger spiller en viktig rolle og blir ofte nevnt i mediene i forbindelse med konflikten. </p> <div class="l-theme__link-list l-theme__link-list--five-col"> <div class="link-list link-list--xlarge"> <ul class="link-list__list"> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jerusalem" class="link-list__link">Jerusalem</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jerusalem_-_i_islam" class="link-list__link">Jerusalem – i islam</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jerusalem_-_i_j%C3%B8dedommen" class="link-list__link">Jerusalem – i jødedommen</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jerusalem_-_i_kristendommen" class="link-list__link">Jerusalem – i kristendommen</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Tempelh%C3%B8yden" class="link-list__link">Tempelhøyden</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/al-Aqsa-moskeen" class="link-list__link">al-Aqsa-moskeen</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Klippedomen" class="link-list__link">Klippedomen</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Hebron" class="link-list__link">Hebron</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Gaza_by" class="link-list__link">Gaza by</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Nablus" class="link-list__link">Nablus</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Haifa" class="link-list__link">Haifa</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Tel_Aviv" class="link-list__link">Tel Aviv</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jenin" class="link-list__link">Jenin</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jaffa" class="link-list__link">Jaffa</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Nasaret" class="link-list__link">Nasaret</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Judea" class="link-list__link">Judea</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Betlehem" class="link-list__link">Betlehem</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Vestmuren" class="link-list__link">Vestmuren</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Galilea" class="link-list__link">Galilea</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Jeriko" class="link-list__link">Jeriko</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Nasaret" class="link-list__link">Nasaret</a> </li> <li class="link-list__item"> <a href="https://snl.no/Genesaretsj%C3%B8en" 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